MN 23 · 蚁垤经
249如是我闻：有一次，世尊住在舍卫城的祇树给孤独园。那时，尊者童子迦叶住在盲林。深夜，有位天人以他殊胜的光芒将整座盲林照得通亮，来到尊者童子迦叶那里，走到一旁，站立着。站在一旁的天人对尊者童子迦叶这样说：
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā kumārakassapo andhavane viharati. Atha kho aññatarā devatā abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ andhavanaṃ obhāsetvā yenāyasmā kumārakassapo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho sā devatā āyasmantaṃ kumārakassapaṃ etadavoca –
2比丘，比丘，这个蚁丘在夜晚冒烟，白天燃烧。有位婆罗门这样说：‘拿着刀，善慧者，不断挖掘吧。’善慧者拿着刀挖掘，见到了一根门闩。‘尊者，是门闩。’婆罗门说：‘抬起门闩；善慧者，拿着刀，继续挖掘。’善慧者拿着刀挖掘，见到了一团膨胀物。‘尊者，是膨胀物。’婆罗门说：‘去掉膨胀物；善慧者，拿着刀，继续挖掘。’善慧者拿着刀挖掘，见到了一条叉路。‘尊者，是叉路。’婆罗门说：‘越过叉路；善慧者，拿着刀，继续挖掘。’善慧者拿着刀挖掘，见到了一面筛子。‘尊者，是筛子。’婆罗门说：‘搬开筛子；善慧者，拿着刀，继续挖掘。’善慧者拿着刀挖掘，见到了一只龟。‘尊者，是龟。’婆罗门说：‘移开龟；善慧者，拿着刀，继续挖掘。’善慧者拿着刀挖掘，见到了屠刀与肉钩。‘尊者，是屠刀与肉钩。’婆罗门说：‘丢掉屠刀与肉钩；善慧者，拿着刀，继续挖掘。’善慧者拿着刀挖掘，见到了一块肉。‘尊者，是肉块。’婆罗门说：‘扔掉肉块；善慧者，拿着刀，继续挖掘。’善慧者拿着刀挖掘，见到了一条龙。‘尊者，是龙。’婆罗门说：‘让龙留在那里，不要触碰龙；向龙礼敬吧。’
‘‘Bhikkhu bhikkhu, ayaṃ vammiko rattiṃ dhūmāyati, divā pajjalati. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya addasa laṅgiṃ ‘laṅgī, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘ukkhipa laṅgiṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya addasa uddhumāyikaṃ. ‘Uddhumāyikā, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘ukkhipa uddhumāyikaṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya addasa dvidhāpathaṃ. ‘Dvidhāpatho, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘ukkhipa dvidhāpathaṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya addasa caṅgavāraṃ . ‘Caṅgavāro, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘ukkhipa caṅgavāraṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya addasa kummaṃ. ‘Kummo , bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘ukkhipa kummaṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya addasa asisūnaṃ. ‘Asisūnā, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘ukkhipa asisūnaṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya addasa maṃsapesiṃ. ‘Maṃsapesi, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘ukkhipa maṃsapesiṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya addasa nāgaṃ. ‘Nāgo, bhadante’ti. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘tiṭṭhatu nāgo, mā nāgaṃ ghaṭṭesi; namo karohi nāgassā’’’ti.
3比丘，你将这些疑问去问世尊，然后按照世尊为你解答的那样记在心里。比丘，在包括天、魔、梵天的世间，在包括沙门、婆罗门、天与人的众生中，除了如来或如来的弟子，或者从这教法而听闻的人，我看不到还有谁能以解释令心满足地解答这些疑问。那位天人说了这番话，说完就在那里消失了。
‘‘Ime kho tvaṃ, bhikkhu, pañhe bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā puccheyyāsi, yathā ca te bhagavā byākaroti tathā naṃ dhāreyyāsi. Nāhaṃ taṃ, bhikkhu, passāmi sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya, yo imesaṃ pañhānaṃ veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ ārādheyya aññatra tathāgatena vā, tathāgatasāvakena vā, ito vā pana sutvā’’ti – idamavoca sā devatā. Idaṃ vatvā tatthevantaradhāyi.
250夜晚过后，尊者童子迦叶去世尊那里。到了之后，礼敬世尊，坐在一旁。坐在一旁的尊者童子迦叶对世尊这样说：尊者，昨晚后夜，有位天人以殊胜的光芒将整座盲林照得通亮，来到我这里，走到一旁，站立着。尊者，那位站在一旁的天人对我说：‘比丘，比丘，这个蚁丘在夜晚冒烟，白天燃烧。有位婆罗门这样说：拿着刀，善慧者，不断挖掘吧。’……乃至‘或者从这教法而听闻的人。’尊者，那位天人说完这番话，就在那里消失了。尊者，到底什么是蚁丘，什么是夜晚冒烟，什么是白天燃烧，谁是婆罗门，谁是善慧者，什么是刀，什么是挖掘，什么是门闩，什么是膨胀物，什么是叉路，什么是筛子，什么是龟，什么是屠刀与肉钩，什么是肉块，什么是龙？
Atha kho āyasmā kumārakassapo tassā rattiyā accayena yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā kumārakassapo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘imaṃ, bhante, rattiṃ aññatarā devatā abhikkantāya rattiyā abhikkantavaṇṇā kevalakappaṃ andhavanaṃ obhāsetvā yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhitā kho, bhante, sā devatā maṃ etadavoca – ‘bhikkhu bhikkhu, ayaṃ vammiko rattiṃ dhūmāyati, divā pajjalati’. Brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyā’ti. Abhikkhaṇanto sumedho satthaṃ ādāya…pe… ito vā pana sutvāti. Idamavoca, bhante, sā devatā. Idaṃ vatvā tatthevantaradhāyi. ‘Ko nu kho, bhante, vammiko, kā rattiṃ dhūmāyanā, kā divā pajjalanā, ko brāhmaṇo, ko sumedho, kiṃ satthaṃ, kiṃ abhikkhaṇaṃ, kā laṅgī, kā uddhumāyikā, ko dvidhāpatho, kiṃ caṅgavāraṃ, ko kummo, kā asisūnā , kā maṃsapesi, ko nāgo’’’ti?
251比丘，‘蚁丘’，是对这个四大所造、父母所生、以粥饭长养、其性质是无常、磨损、破碎、坏灭的身体的称呼。
‘‘‘Vammiko’ti kho, bhikkhu, imassetaṃ cātumahābhūtikassa kāyassa adhivacanaṃ, mātāpettikasambhavassa odanakummāsūpacayassa aniccucchādana-parimaddanabhedana-viddhaṃsana-dhammassa.
6比丘，对于白天从事的事务，在夜间反复思索、反复思量——这就是夜晚冒烟。比丘，在夜间反复思索、反复思量后，白天通过身体、言语、心意发起事务——这就是白天燃烧。
‘‘Yaṃ kho, bhikkhu, divā kammante ārabbha rattiṃ anuvitakketi anuvicāreti – ayaṃ rattiṃ dhūmāyanā. Yaṃ kho, bhikkhu, rattiṃ anuvitakketvā anuvicāretvā divā kammante payojeti kāyena vācāya ‘manasā’ – ayaṃ divā pajjalanā.
7“婆罗门”一词，比丘，这是对如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者的称呼。“善慧者”一词，比丘，这是对有学比丘的称呼。
‘‘‘Brāhmaṇo’ti kho, bhikkhu, tathāgatassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassa. ‘Sumedho’ti kho bhikkhu sekkhassetaṃ bhikkhuno adhivacanaṃ.
8“剑”一词，比丘，这是对圣慧的称呼。“挖掘”一词，比丘，这是对精进努力的称呼。
‘‘‘Sattha’nti kho, bhikkhu, ariyāyetaṃ paññāya adhivacanaṃ. ‘Abhikkhaṇa’nti kho, bhikkhu, vīriyārambhassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
9“门闩”一词，比丘，这是对无明的称呼。“举起门闩，舍断无明；善慧者，拿着剑继续挖掘”，这就是它的含义。
‘‘‘Laṅgī’ti kho, bhikkhu, avijjāyetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Ukkhipa laṅgiṃ, pajaha avijjaṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
10“膨胀物”一词，比丘，这是对忿怒与绝望的称呼。“挖掉膨胀物，舍断忿怒与绝望；善慧者，拿着剑继续挖掘”，这就是它的含义。
‘‘‘Uddhumāyikā’ti kho, bhikkhu, kodhūpāyāsassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Ukkhipa uddhumāyikaṃ, pajaha kodhūpāyāsaṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
11“叉路”一词，比丘，这是对疑的称呼。“挖掉叉路，舍断疑；善慧者，拿着剑继续挖掘”，这就是它的含义。
‘‘‘Dvidhāpatho’ti kho, bhikkhu, vicikicchāyetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Ukkhipa dvidhāpathaṃ, pajaha vicikicchaṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
12“筛子”一词，比丘，这是对五盖的称呼，也就是：欲贪盖、嗔恚盖、昏沉睡眠盖、掉悔盖、疑盖。“搬走筛子，舍断五盖；善慧者，拿着剑继续挖掘”，这就是它的含义。
‘‘‘Caṅgavāra’nti kho, bhikkhu, pañcannetaṃ nīvaraṇānaṃ adhivacanaṃ, seyyathidaṃ – kāmacchandanīvaraṇassa, byāpādanīvaraṇassa, thīnamiddhanīvaraṇassa, uddhaccakukkuccanīvaraṇassa, vicikicchānīvaraṇassa. Ukkhipa caṅgavāraṃ, pajaha pañca nīvaraṇe ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
13“比丘，‘龟’这个词，是指这五取蕴，也就是：色取蕴、受取蕴、想取蕴、行取蕴、识取蕴。‘抬起龟，舍断五取蕴；善慧者，持刀常常耕作。’这句的意思就是这个。
‘‘‘Kummo’ti kho, bhikkhu, pañcannetaṃ upādānakkhandhānaṃ adhivacanaṃ, seyyathidaṃ – rūpupādānakkhandhassa, vedanupādānakkhandhassa, saññupādānakkhandhassa, saṅkhārupādānakkhandhassa, viññāṇupādānakkhandhassa. Ukkhipa kummaṃ, pajaha pañcupādānakkhandhe; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
14“比丘，‘屠刀与肉钩’这个词，是指这五种欲的品质：眼可识别的、合意的、喜爱的、可悦的、可爱的、与欲相关的、能染著的颜色；耳可识别的、合意的、喜爱的、可悦的、可爱的、与欲相关的、能染著的声音……鼻可识别的、合意的、喜爱的、可悦的、可爱的、与欲相关的、能染著的气味……舌可识别的、合意的、喜爱的、可悦的、可爱的、与欲相关的、能染著的味道……身可识别的、合意的、喜爱的、可悦的、可爱的、与欲相关的、能染著的触觉。‘抬起屠刀与肉钩，舍断五种欲的品质；善慧者，持刀常常耕作。’这句的意思就是这个。
‘‘‘Asisūnā’ti kho, bhikkhu, pañcannetaṃ kāmaguṇānaṃ adhivacanaṃ – cakkhuviññeyyānaṃ rūpānaṃ iṭṭhānaṃ kantānaṃ manāpānaṃ piyarūpānaṃ kāmūpasaṃhitānaṃ rajanīyānaṃ, sotaviññeyyānaṃ saddānaṃ…pe… ghānaviññeyyānaṃ gandhānaṃ…pe… jivhāviññeyyānaṃ rasānaṃ…pe… kāyaviññeyyānaṃ phoṭṭhabbānaṃ iṭṭhānaṃ kantānaṃ manāpānaṃ piyarūpānaṃ kāmūpasaṃhitānaṃ rajanīyānaṃ. Ukkhipa asisūnaṃ, pajaha pañca kāmaguṇe; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
15“比丘，‘肉块’这个词，是指喜贪。‘抬起肉块，舍断喜贪；善慧者，持刀常常耕作。’这句的意思就是这个。
‘‘‘Maṃsapesī’ti kho, bhikkhu, nandīrāgassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Ukkhipa maṃsapesiṃ, pajaha nandīrāgaṃ; abhikkhaṇa, sumedha, satthaṃ ādāyāti ayametassa attho.
16“比丘，‘龙’这个词，是指已漏尽比丘。‘让龙留着，不要触碰龙；向龙礼敬。’这句的意思就是这个。”
‘‘‘Nāgo’ti kho, bhikkhu, khīṇāsavassetaṃ bhikkhuno adhivacanaṃ. Tiṭṭhatu nāgo, mā nāgaṃ ghaṭṭesi; namo karohi nāgassāti ayametassa attho’’ti.
17这是世尊所说。具寿童子迦叶对世尊的开示感到满意，内心欢喜。
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā kumārakassapo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
18蚁垤经完 第三
Vammikasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ tatiyaṃ.