MN 21 · 锯喻经
222如是我闻：有一次，世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时，尊者莫利亚族帕古那与比丘尼们过度密切地交往共住。尊者莫利亚族帕古那与比丘尼们这样密切地交往共住：如果有哪位比丘当着尊者莫利亚族帕古那的面说那些比丘尼的不好，尊者莫利亚族帕古那就会生气、不高兴，甚至引起争执。而如果有哪位比丘当着那些比丘尼的面说尊者莫利亚族帕古那的不好，那些比丘尼就会生气、不高兴，甚至引起争执。尊者莫利亚族帕古那就是这样与比丘尼们密切地交往共住。于是，有一位比丘来到世尊那里。到了之后，礼敬世尊，然后坐在一边。坐在一边后，那位比丘对世尊这样说：‘大德，尊者莫利亚族帕古那与比丘尼们过度密切地交往共住。大德，尊者莫利亚族帕古那与比丘尼们这样密切地交往共住：如果有哪位比丘当着尊者莫利亚族帕古那的面说那些比丘尼的不好，尊者莫利亚族帕古那就会生气、不高兴，甚至引起争执。而如果有哪位比丘当着那些比丘尼的面说尊者莫利亚族帕古那的不好，那些比丘尼就会生气、不高兴，甚至引起争执。大德，尊者莫利亚族帕古那就是这样与比丘尼们密切地交往共住。’
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā moḷiyaphagguno bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ ativelaṃ saṃsaṭṭho viharati. Evaṃ saṃsaṭṭho āyasmā moḷiyaphagguno bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ viharati – sace koci bhikkhu āyasmato moḷiyaphaggunassa sammukhā tāsaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, tenāyasmā moḷiyaphagguno kupito anattamano adhikaraṇampi karoti. Sace pana koci bhikkhu tāsaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ sammukhā āyasmato moḷiyaphaggunassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, tena tā bhikkhuniyo kupitā anattamanā adhikaraṇampi karonti. Evaṃ saṃsaṭṭho āyasmā moḷiyaphagguno bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ viharati. Atha kho aññataro bhikkhu yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho so bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘āyasmā, bhante, moḷiyaphagguno bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ ativelaṃ saṃsaṭṭho viharati. Evaṃ saṃsaṭṭho, bhante, āyasmā moḷiyaphagguno bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ viharati – sace koci bhikkhu āyasmato moḷiyaphaggunassa sammukhā tāsaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, tenāyasmā moḷiyaphagguno kupito anattamano adhikaraṇampi karoti. Sace pana koci bhikkhu tāsaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ sammukhā āyasmato moḷiyaphaggunassa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, tena tā bhikkhuniyo kupitā anattamanā adhikaraṇampi karonti. Evaṃ saṃsaṭṭho, bhante, āyasmā moḷiyaphagguno bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ viharatī’’ti.
223于是，世尊对一位比丘说：‘来，比丘，你以我的话去叫莫利亚族帕古那比丘：“帕古那朋友，导师叫你。”’‘好的，大德。’那位比丘回应了世尊后，就到尊者莫利亚族帕古那那里。到了之后，对尊者莫利亚族帕古那说：‘帕古那朋友，导师叫你。’‘好的，朋友。’尊者莫利亚族帕古那回应了那位比丘后，就到世尊那里。到了之后，礼敬世尊，然后坐在一边。世尊对坐在一边的尊者莫利亚族帕古那这样说：
Atha kho bhagavā aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantesi – ‘‘ehi tvaṃ , bhikkhu, mama vacanena moḷiyaphaggunaṃ bhikkhuṃ āmantehi – ‘satthā taṃ, āvuso phagguna, āmantetī’’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ , bhante’’ti kho so bhikkhu bhagavato paṭissutvā yenāyasmā moḷiyaphagguno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ moḷiyaphaggunaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘satthā taṃ, āvuso phagguna, āmantetī’’ti. ‘‘Evamāvuso’’ti kho āyasmā moḷiyaphagguno tassa bhikkhuno paṭissutvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ moḷiyaphaggunaṃ bhagavā etadavoca –
3‘帕古那，听说你真的与比丘尼们过度密切地交往共住？听说你这样与比丘尼们密切地交往共住：如果有哪位比丘当着你的面说那些比丘尼的不好，你就会生气、不高兴，甚至引起争执。而如果有哪位比丘当着那些比丘尼的面说你的不好，那些比丘尼就会生气、不高兴，甚至引起争执。帕古那，听说你就是这个样子与比丘尼们密切地交往共住吗？’‘是的，大德。’‘帕古那，你难道不是善男子，出于信心，从在家生活出家，进入无家生活吗？’‘是的，大德。’
‘‘Saccaṃ kira tvaṃ, phagguna, bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ ativelaṃ saṃsaṭṭho viharasi? Evaṃ saṃsaṭṭho kira tvaṃ, phagguna, bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ viharasi – sace koci bhikkhu tuyhaṃ sammukhā tāsaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, tena tvaṃ kupito anattamano adhikaraṇampi karosi. Sace pana koci bhikkhu tāsaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ sammukhā tuyhaṃ avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, tena tā bhikkhuniyo kupitā anattamanā adhikaraṇampi karonti. Evaṃ saṃsaṭṭho kira tvaṃ, phagguna, bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ viharasī’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti. ‘‘Nanu tvaṃ, phagguna, kulaputto saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti.
224‘帕古那，你这样与比丘尼们过度密切地交往共住，对于一位出于信心从在家生活出家进入无家生活的善男子来说，是不合适的。所以，帕古那，如果以后有人当着你的面说那些比丘尼的不好，在那时，帕古那，你应该舍弃那些基于居家生活的欲望、那些基于居家生活的思虑。在那时，帕古那，你应该这样训练自己：“我的心将不被改变，我将不说出恶语，我将带着同情利益的心、带着慈心而住，内心没有嗔恨。”帕古那，你应该这样训练自己。
‘‘Na kho te etaṃ, phagguna, patirūpaṃ kulaputtassa saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitassa, yaṃ tvaṃ bhikkhunīhi saddhiṃ ativelaṃ saṃsaṭṭho vihareyyāsi. Tasmātiha, phagguna, tava cepi koci sammukhā tāsaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyya, tatrāpi tvaṃ, phagguna, ye gehasitā chandā ye gehasitā vitakkā te pajaheyyāsi. Tatrāpi te, phagguna, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na ceva me cittaṃ vipariṇataṃ bhavissati, na ca pāpikaṃ vācaṃ nicchāressāmi, hitānukampī ca viharissāmi mettacitto, na dosantaro’ti. Evañhi te, phagguna, sikkhitabbaṃ.
5‘所以，帕古那，如果以后有人当着你的面，用手打那些比丘尼、用土块打、用棍子打、用刀剑打。在那时，帕古那，你应该舍弃那些基于居家生活的欲望、那些基于居家生活的思虑。在那时，帕古那，你应该这样训练自己：“我的心将不被改变，我将不说出恶语，我将带着同情利益的心、带着慈心而住，内心没有嗔恨。”帕古那，你应该这样训练自己。
‘‘Tasmātiha, phagguna, tava cepi koci sammukhā tāsaṃ bhikkhunīnaṃ pāṇinā pahāraṃ dadeyya, leḍḍunā pahāraṃ dadeyya, daṇḍena pahāraṃ dadeyya, satthena pahāraṃ dadeyya. Tatrāpi tvaṃ, phagguna, ye gehasitā chandā ye gehasitā vitakkā te pajaheyyāsi. Tatrāpi te, phagguna, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ ‘na ceva me cittaṃ vipariṇataṃ bhavissati, na ca pāpikaṃ vācaṃ nicchāressāmi, hitānukampī ca viharissāmi mettacitto, na dosantaro’ti. Evañhi te, phagguna, sikkhitabbaṃ.
6‘所以，帕古那，如果以后有人当面说你的不好，在那时，帕古那，你应该舍弃那些基于居家生活的欲望、那些基于居家生活的思虑。在那时，帕古那，你应该这样训练自己：“我的心将不被改变，我将不说出恶语，我将带着同情利益的心、带着慈心而住，内心没有嗔恨。”帕古那，你应该这样训练自己。
‘‘Tasmātiha, phagguna, tava cepi koci sammukhā avaṇṇaṃ bhāseyya, tatrāpi tvaṃ, phagguna , ye gehasitā chandā ye gehasitā vitakkā te pajaheyyāsi. Tatrāpi te, phagguna, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ ‘na ceva me cittaṃ vipariṇataṃ bhavissati, na ca pāpikaṃ vācaṃ nicchāressāmi, hitānukampī ca viharissāmi mettacitto, na dosantaro’ti. Evañhi te, phagguna, sikkhitabbaṃ.
7“所以，帕古那，即使有人用手打你、用土块打你、用棍子打你、用刀打你，在那时，帕古那，你也要舍断那些属于居家生活的欲念、属于居家生活的思惟。在那时，帕古那，你应当这样学：‘我的心将不会变异，我不会说出恶语，我将住于利益与悲悯，带着慈心，没有嗔恨。’帕古那，你应当这样学。”
‘‘Tasmātiha, phagguna, tava cepi koci pāṇinā pahāraṃ dadeyya, leḍḍunā pahāraṃ dadeyya, daṇḍena pahāraṃ dadeyya, satthena pahāraṃ dadeyya, tatrāpi tvaṃ, phagguna, ye gehasitā chandā ye gehasitā vitakkā te pajaheyyāsi. Tatrāpi te, phagguna, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ ‘na ceva me cittaṃ vipariṇataṃ bhavissati, na ca pāpikaṃ vācaṃ nicchāressāmi, hitānukampī ca viharissāmi mettacitto, na dosantaro’ti. Evañhi te, phagguna, sikkhitabba’’nti.
225那时，世尊告诉比丘们：“比丘们，那些比丘确实曾经让我的心感到满意。比丘们，有一次，我告诉比丘们：‘比丘们，我只吃一餐。比丘们，当我只吃一餐时，我体验到少病、少恼、轻快、有力、安稳而住。来，比丘们，你们也只吃一餐吧。比丘们，当你们也只吃一餐时，你们也将体验到少病、少恼、轻快、有力、安稳而住。’比丘们，对于那些比丘，我不需要反复教诫；比丘们，对于那些比丘，我只需要在他们心中生起正念就行了。”
Atha kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi – ‘‘ārādhayiṃsu vata me, bhikkhave, bhikkhū ekaṃ samayaṃ cittaṃ. Idhāhaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhū āmantesiṃ – ahaṃ kho, bhikkhave, ekāsanabhojanaṃ bhuñjāmi. Ekāsanabhojanaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, bhuñjamāno appābādhatañca sañjānāmi appātaṅkatañca lahuṭṭhānañca balañca phāsuvihārañca. Etha tumhepi, bhikkhave, ekāsanabhojanaṃ bhuñjatha. Ekāsanabhojanaṃ kho, bhikkhave, tumhepi bhuñjamānā appābādhatañca sañjānissatha appātaṅkatañca lahuṭṭhānañca balañca phāsuvihārañcāti. Na me, bhikkhave, tesu bhikkhūsu anusāsanī karaṇīyā ahosi; satuppādakaraṇīyameva me, bhikkhave, tesu bhikkhūsu ahosi.
9“比丘们，就好比在一块平整的地上，于十字路口处，停着一辆已套好骏马的良驹车，马鞭也已放好。一位善巧的驯马师、调马者登上车，左手抓起缰绳，右手拿起马鞭，就能随心所欲地驾着它前进或后退。比丘们，正是如此，对于那些比丘，我不需要反复教诫；对于那些比丘，我只需要在他们心中生起正念就行了。所以，比丘们，你们也要舍断不善法，在善法上精勤努力。这样，你们在这个法、律中，也将获得增长、增广、广大。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, subhūmiyaṃ catumahāpathe ājaññaratho yutto assa ṭhito odhastapatodo. Tamenaṃ dakkho yoggācariyo assadammasārathi abhiruhitvā, vāmena hatthena rasmiyo gahetvā, dakkhiṇena hatthena patodaṃ gahetvā, yenicchakaṃ yadicchakaṃ sāreyyapi paccāsāreyyapi. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, na me tesu bhikkhūsu anusāsanī karaṇīyā ahosi, satuppādakaraṇīyameva me, bhikkhave, tesu bhikkhūsu ahosi. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, tumhepi akusalaṃ pajahatha, kusalesu dhammesu āyogaṃ karotha. Evañhi tumhepi imasmiṃ dhammavinaye vuddhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjissatha.
10“比丘们，就好比在某个村庄或城镇的不远处，有一大片娑罗树林，可是它被伊兰陀藤蔓覆盖了。那时，有个人出现了，他想要利益那片林，想要它好，想要它安稳。他把那些弯曲、吸取养分的娑罗幼树砍掉，搬到外面去，把林内彻底清理干净。对于那些挺直、生长良好的娑罗幼树，他就好好养护。比丘们，这样一来，那片娑罗林日后就会获得增长、增广、广大。比丘们，正是如此，你们也要舍断不善法，在善法上精勤努力。这样，你们在这个法、律中，也将获得增长、增广、广大。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, gāmassa vā nigamassa vā avidūre mahantaṃ sālavanaṃ. Tañcassa eḷaṇḍehi sañchannaṃ. Tassa kocideva puriso uppajjeyya atthakāmo hitakāmo yogakkhemakāmo. So yā tā sālalaṭṭhiyo kuṭilā ojāpaharaṇiyo tā chetvā bahiddhā nīhareyya, antovanaṃ suvisodhitaṃ visodheyya. Yā pana tā sālalaṭṭhiyo ujukā sujātā tā sammā parihareyya. Evañhetaṃ, bhikkhave, sālavanaṃ aparena samayena vuddhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjeyya. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, tumhepi akusalaṃ pajahatha, kusalesu dhammesu āyogaṃ karotha. Evañhi tumhepi imasmiṃ dhammavinaye vuddhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjissatha.
226“比丘们，从前，就在这舍卫城里，有一位名叫韦德希咖的女居士。比丘们，关于韦德希咖女居士，有个很好的名声传开了：‘韦德希咖女居士温和，韦德希咖女居士柔顺，韦德希咖女居士寂静。’但比丘们，韦德希咖女居士有个名叫咖离的女奴，能干、不懒惰、做事很有条理。”
‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhave, imissāyeva sāvatthiyā vedehikā nāma gahapatānī ahosi. Vedehikāya, bhikkhave, gahapatāniyā evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘soratā vedehikā gahapatānī, nivātā vedehikā gahapatānī, upasantā vedehikā gahapatānī’ti. Vedehikāya kho pana, bhikkhave, gahapatāniyā kāḷī nāma dāsī ahosi dakkhā analasā susaṃvihitakammantā.
12“那时，比丘们，女奴咖离心想：‘关于我的女主人，有个很好的名声传开了：她是温和、柔顺、寂静的。我的女主人到底是真的内心有愤怒却不表现出来，还是根本没有愤怒？还是因为我把事情做得很有条理，所以我的女主人即使内心真有愤怒也不表现出来，而不是没有愤怒？让我来试探一下我的女主人吧。’比丘们，于是，女奴咖离在天亮以后才起床。那时，比丘们，韦德希咖女居士就对女奴咖离说：‘嗨，你这个咖离！’‘什么事，女主人？’‘你这家伙，怎么天亮了才起床？’‘女主人，没什么事啊。’‘什么没事，你这个坏女奴，居然天亮了才起床！’她生气了、不高兴了，皱起了眉头。那时，比丘们，女奴咖离心想：‘原来我的女主人内心确实有愤怒，只是不表现出来，不是没有愤怒。是因为我把事情做得很有条理，所以她才只将愤怒藏在心里，不表现出来，不是因为没有愤怒。让我再更深入地试探一下我的女主人吧。’”
‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, kāḷiyā dāsiyā etadahosi – ‘mayhaṃ kho ayyāya evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘‘soratā vedehikā gahapatānī, nivātā vedehikā gahapatānī, upasantā vedehikā gahapatānī’’ti. Kiṃ nu kho me ayyā santaṃyeva nu kho ajjhattaṃ kopaṃ na pātukaroti udāhu asantaṃ udāhu mayhamevete kammantā susaṃvihitā yena me ayyā santaṃyeva ajjhattaṃ kopaṃ na pātukaroti, no asantaṃ? Yaṃnūnāhaṃ ayyaṃ vīmaṃseyya’nti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, kāḷī dāsī divā uṭṭhāsi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, vedehikā gahapatānī kāḷiṃ dāsiṃ etadavoca – ‘he je kāḷī’ti. ‘Kiṃ, ayye’ti? ‘Kiṃ, je, divā uṭṭhāsī’ti? ‘Na khvayye , kiñcī’ti. ‘No vata re kiñci, pāpi dāsi , divā uṭṭhāsī’ti kupitā anattamanā bhākuṭiṃ akāsi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, kāḷiyā dāsiyā etadahosi – ‘santaṃyeva kho me ayyā ajjhattaṃ kopaṃ na pātukaroti, no asantaṃ; mayhamevete kammantā susaṃvihitā, yena me ayyā santaṃyeva ajjhattaṃ kopaṃ na pātukaroti, no asantaṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ bhiyyosomattāya ayyaṃ vīmaṃseyya’’’nti.
13那时，比丘们，女奴咖离又晚起了一些。那时，比丘们，女居士韦德希咖就对女奴咖离这么说：'嘿，咖离！' '怎么了，女主人？' '嘿，你怎么又晚起了？' '明明没什么呀，女主人。' '你这坏女奴，明明没什么还说没什么，你竟然又晚起了！' 她生气了，不高兴了，就说出了不高兴的话。那时，比丘们，女奴咖离心里这么想：'我的女主人其实是内心有怒火藏着不露，不是真的没有。正是我自己的活儿干得还够仔细，才让女主人把内心的怒火藏着不露，不是真的没有。那我干脆再试探一下女主人好了。'
‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, kāḷī dāsī divātaraṃyeva uṭṭhāsi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, vedehikā gahapatānī kāḷiṃ dāsiṃ etadavoca – ‘he je, kāḷī’ti. ‘Kiṃ, ayye’ti? ‘Kiṃ, je, divātaraṃ uṭṭhāsī’ti? ‘Na khvayye, kiñcī’ti. ‘No vata re kiñci, pāpi dāsi, divātaraṃ uṭṭhāsī’ti kupitā anattamanā anattamanavācaṃ nicchāresi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, kāḷiyā dāsiyā etadahosi – ‘santaṃyeva kho me ayyā ajjhattaṃ kopaṃ na pātukaroti, no asantaṃ. Mayhamevete kammantā susaṃvihitā, yena me ayyā santaṃyeva ajjhattaṃ kopaṃ na pātukaroti, no asantaṃ. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ bhiyyosomattāya ayyaṃ vīmaṃseyya’nti.
14那时，比丘们，女奴咖离又晚起了一些。那时，比丘们，女居士韦德希咖就对女奴咖离这么说：'嘿，咖离！' '怎么了，女主人？' '嘿，你怎么白天也晚起了？' '明明没什么呀，女主人。' '你这坏女奴，明明没什么还说没什么，你竟然白天也晚起了！' 她生气了，不高兴了，抄起门闩就朝她头上打去，把头打破了。那时，比丘们，女奴咖离就顶着一个破头，流着血，向邻居们投诉告状：'看啊，各位夫人，这就是温柔女做的好事！看啊，各位夫人，这就是柔和女做的好事！看啊，各位夫人，这就是寂静女做的好事！一个女奴白天多睡一会儿，她就生气不高兴，抄起门闩往人头上打，把头都打破了！'
‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, kāḷī dāsī divātaraṃyeva uṭṭhāsi. Atha kho, bhikkhave, vedehikā gahapatānī kāḷiṃ dāsiṃ etadavoca – ‘he je, kāḷī’ti. ‘Kiṃ, ayye’ti? ‘Kiṃ, je, divā uṭṭhāsī’ti? ‘Na khvayye, kiñcī’ti. ‘No vata re kiñci, pāpi dāsi, divā uṭṭhāsī’ti kupitā anattamanā aggaḷasūciṃ gahetvā sīse pahāraṃ adāsi, sīsaṃ vobhindi . Atha kho, bhikkhave, kāḷī dāsī bhinnena sīsena lohitena galantena paṭivissakānaṃ ujjhāpesi – ‘passathayye, soratāya kammaṃ; passathayye, nivātāya kammaṃ, passathayye, upasantāya kammaṃ! Kathañhi nāma ekadāsikāya divā uṭṭhāsīti kupitā anattamanā aggaḷasūciṃ gahetvā sīse pahāraṃ dassati, sīsaṃ vobhindissatī’ti.
15那时，比丘们，之后不久，关于女居士韦德希咖，这样恶劣的名声就传开了：'女居士韦德希咖凶得很，女居士韦德希咖柔和不来，女居士韦德希咖寂静不来。'
‘‘Atha kho, bhikkhave, vedehikāya gahapatāniyā aparena samayena evaṃ pāpako kittisaddo abbhuggacchi – ‘caṇḍī vedehikā gahapatānī, anivātā vedehikā gahapatānī, anupasantā vedehikā gahapatānī’ti.
16同样地，比丘们，这里有些比丘也是如此：只要当那些不可意的言语之道还没有触及到的时候，他就是极温和的、极柔和的、极寂静的。但当那些不可意的言语之道触及到了比丘时，那时候比丘才应当被了知为'温和的'，应当被了知为'柔和的'，应当被了知为'寂静的'。比丘们，我不称那种为了衣服、钵食、住处、病缘医药资具的缘故而变得容易说话、表现出易被劝告性的人为'容易说话的人'。为什么呢？因为，比丘们，那位比丘要是得不到衣服、钵食、住处、病缘医药资具，他就不再是容易说话的人，不会表现出易被劝告性了。而如果一位比丘，他唯独是尊重法、敬重法、尊崇法、礼拜法、恭敬法，因此而变得容易说话、表现出易被劝告性，比丘们，我才称他为'容易说话的人'。因此，比丘们，你们应当这样学：'我们将唯独尊重法、敬重法、尊崇法、礼拜法、恭敬法，从而成为容易说话的人，表现出易被劝告性。' 比丘们，你们应当这样学。
‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, idhekacco bhikkhu tāvadeva soratasorato hoti nivātanivāto hoti upasantūpasanto hoti yāva na amanāpā vacanapathā phusanti. Yato ca, bhikkhave, bhikkhuṃ amanāpā vacanapathā phusanti, atha bhikkhu ‘sorato’ti veditabbo, ‘nivāto’ti veditabbo, ‘upasanto’ti veditabbo. Nāhaṃ taṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhuṃ ‘suvaco’ti vadāmi yo cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhārahetu suvaco hoti, sovacassataṃ āpajjati. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tañhi so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānappaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ alabhamāno na suvaco hoti, na sovacassataṃ āpajjati. Yo ca kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammaṃyeva sakkaronto, dhammaṃ garuṃ karonto, dhammaṃ mānento, dhammaṃ pūjento, dhammaṃ apacāyamāno suvaco hoti, sovacassataṃ āpajjati, tamahaṃ ‘suvaco’ti vadāmi. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, ‘dhammaṃyeva sakkarontā, dhammaṃ garuṃ karontā, dhammaṃ mānentā, dhammaṃ pūjentā, dhammaṃ apacāyamānā suvacā bhavissāma, sovacassataṃ āpajjissāmā’ti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbaṃ.
227比丘们，有这五种说话的途径，是别人对你们说话时可能会采取的：合时或不合时地说；真实或不真实地说；柔和或粗暴地说；有利益或无利益地说；带着慈心或带着嗔心地说。比丘们，别人可能合时或者不合时地对你们说话；比丘们，别人可能真实或者不真实地对你们说话；比丘们，别人可能柔和或者粗暴地对你们说话；比丘们，别人可能说着有利益或者无利益的话；比丘们，别人可能带着慈心或者带着嗔心对你们说话。比丘们，在那当中，你们应当这样学：'我们的心将不会变异，我们将不会发出恶口之语，我们将以利益和悲悯的心而住，怀着慈心而非带着嗔心。并且，我们将以与慈俱行的心遍满那个人而住；以那个人为所缘之后，再以与慈俱行的心——广大的、广袤的、无量的、无怨的、无害的——遍满一切世间而住。' 比丘们，你们应当这样学。
‘‘Pañcime, bhikkhave, vacanapathā yehi vo pare vadamānā vadeyyuṃ – kālena vā akālena vā; bhūtena vā abhūtena vā; saṇhena vā pharusena vā; atthasaṃhitena vā anatthasaṃhitena vā; mettacittā vā dosantarā vā. Kālena vā, bhikkhave, pare vadamānā vadeyyuṃ akālena vā; bhūtena vā, bhikkhave, pare vadamānā vadeyyuṃ abhūtena vā; saṇhena vā, bhikkhave, pare vadamānā vadeyyuṃ pharusena vā; atthasaṃhitena vā, bhikkhave, pare vadamānā vadeyyuṃ anatthasaṃhitena vā ; mettacittā vā, bhikkhave, pare vadamānā vadeyyuṃ dosantarā vā. Tatrāpi vo, bhikkhave, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na ceva no cittaṃ vipariṇataṃ bhavissati, na ca pāpikaṃ vācaṃ nicchāressāma, hitānukampī ca viharissāma mettacittā, na dosantarā. Tañca puggalaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā pharitvā viharissāma, tadārammaṇañca sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cittena vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā viharissāmā’ti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbaṃ.
228比丘们，就譬如，如果来了一个人，带着铲子和篮子。他这么说：'我要把这片大地变成非大地。' 他就在这里挖挖，那里扒扒；在这里吐口唾沫，那里撒泡尿，嘴里不停念着：'变成非大地吧，变成非大地吧。' 比丘们，你们觉得怎么样？那个人能把这片大地变成非大地吗？' '不能，尊者。' '那是什么原因呢？' '因为，尊者，这片大地既深且广，不可测量。它不容易被变成非大地。而那个人，最终所得到的，只会是疲劳和苦恼而已。' '同样地，比丘们，有这五种说话的途径，是别人对你们说话时可能会采取的：合时或不合时地说；真实或不真实地说；柔和或粗暴地说；有利益或无利益地说；带着慈心或带着嗔心地说。比丘们，别人可能合时或者不合时地对你们说话；比丘们，别人可能真实或者不真实地对你们说话；比丘们，别人可能柔和或者粗暴地对你们说话；比丘们，别人可能说着有利益或者无利益的话；比丘们，别人可能带着慈心或者带着嗔心对你们说话。比丘们，在那当中，你们应当这样学：'我们的心将不会变异，我们将不会发出恶口之语，我们将以利益和悲悯的心而住，怀着慈心而非带着嗔心。并且，我们将以与慈俱行的心遍满那个人而住；以那个人为所缘之后，再以如同大地一般的心——广大的、广袤的、无量的、无怨的、无害的——遍满一切世间而住。' 比丘们，你们应当这样学。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso āgaccheyya kudālapiṭakaṃ ādāya. So evaṃ vadeyya – ‘ahaṃ imaṃ mahāpathaviṃ apathaviṃ karissāmī’ti . So tatra tatra vikhaṇeyya , tatra tatra vikireyya, tatra tatra oṭṭhubheyya, tatra tatra omutteyya – ‘apathavī bhavasi, apathavī bhavasī’ti. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, api nu so puriso imaṃ mahāpathaviṃ apathaviṃ kareyyā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Taṃ kissa hetu’’? ‘‘Ayañhi, bhante, mahāpathavī gambhīrā appameyyā. Sā na sukarā apathavī kātuṃ; yāvadeva ca pana so puriso kilamathassa vighātassa bhāgī assā’’ti. ‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, pañcime vacanapathā yehi vo pare vadamānā vadeyyuṃ – kālena vā akālena vā; bhūtena vā abhūtena vā; saṇhena vā pharusena vā; atthasaṃhitena vā anatthasaṃhitena vā; mettacittā vā dosantarā vā. Kālena vā , bhikkhave, pare vadamānā vadeyyuṃ akālena vā; bhūtena vā bhikkhave, pare vadamānā vadeyyuṃ abhūtena vā; saṇhena vā, bhikkhave, pare vadamānā vadeyyuṃ pharusena vā; atthasaṃhitena vā, bhikkhave, pare vadamānā vadeyyuṃ anatthasaṃhitena vā; mettacittā vā, bhikkhave, pare vadamānā vadeyyuṃ dosantarā vā. Tatrāpi vo, bhikkhave, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na ceva no cittaṃ vipariṇataṃ bhavissati, na ca pāpikaṃ vācaṃ nicchāressāma, hitānukampī ca viharissāma mettacittā na dosantarā. Tañca puggalaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā pharitvā viharissāma, tadārammaṇañca sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ pathavisamena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā viharissāmā’ti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbaṃ.
229“比丘们，打个比方，有人拿着虫漆、姜黄、靛蓝或茜草走过来，他这样说：‘我要在这个虚空中画画，要让图像显现出来。’比丘们，你们怎么看？那个人能在虚空中画出画来，让图像显现出来吗？” “不能，尊者。” “为什么呢？” “尊者，因为虚空没有形色，不可见。在那里画画、让图像显现出来，是做不到的。那个人只会落得疲劳、懊恼的下场。” “同样的，比丘们，有这五种说话方式，别人在说你们的时候，无论时机对不对……‘我们的心将不变异，我们不发出恶语，我们以利益之悲悯而住，以慈心而非嗔恨心；并且，我们以与慈心相伴的心遍满那个人而住，以此为所缘，以广大、崇高、无量、无怨、无害、与虚空等同的心，遍满一切世间而住。’比丘们，你们应该这样学。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso āgaccheyya lākhaṃ vā haliddiṃ vā nīlaṃ vā mañjiṭṭhaṃ vā ādāya. So evaṃ vadeyya – ‘ahaṃ imasmiṃ ākāse rūpaṃ likhissāmi, rūpapātubhāvaṃ karissāmī’ti. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, api nu so puriso imasmiṃ ākāse rūpaṃ likheyya, rūpapātubhāvaṃ kareyyā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Taṃ kissa hetu’’? ‘‘Ayañhi, bhante, ākāso arūpī anidassano. Tattha na sukaraṃ rūpaṃ likhituṃ, rūpapātubhāvaṃ kātuṃ; yāvadeva ca pana so puriso kilamathassa vighātassa bhāgī assā’’ti. ‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, pañcime vacanapathā yehi vo pare vadamānā vadeyyuṃ kālena vā akālena vā …pe… ‘na ceva… tadārammaṇañca sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ ākāsasamena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā viharissāmā’ti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbaṃ.
230“比丘们，打个比方，有人拿着一根燃烧的草把走过来，他这样说：‘我要用这根燃烧的草把，把恒河烧热、烧滚。’比丘们，你们怎么看？那个人能用燃烧的草把把恒河烧热、烧滚吗？” “不能，尊者。” “为什么呢？” “尊者，因为恒河很深，深不可测。用燃烧的草把把它烧热、烧滚，是做不到的。那个人只会落得疲劳、懊恼的下场。” “同样的，比丘们，有这五种说话方式，别人在说你们的时候，无论时机对不对……‘我们的心将不变异，我们不发出恶语，我们以利益之悲悯而住，以慈心而非嗔恨心；并且，我们以与慈心相伴的心遍满那个人而住，以此为所缘，以广大、崇高、无量、无怨、无害、与恒河等同的心，遍满一切世间而住。’比丘们，你们应该这样学。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, puriso āgaccheyya ādittaṃ tiṇukkaṃ ādāya. So evaṃ vadeyya – ‘ahaṃ imāya ādittāya tiṇukkāya gaṅgaṃ nadiṃ santāpessāmi saṃparitāpessāmī’ti. Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, api nu so puriso ādittāya tiṇukkāya gaṅgaṃ nadiṃ santāpeyya saṃparitāpeyyā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Taṃ kissa hetu’’? ‘‘Gaṅgā hi, bhante, nadī gambhīrā appameyyā. Sā na sukarā ādittāya tiṇukkāya santāpetuṃ saṃparitāpetuṃ; yāvadeva ca pana so puriso kilamathassa vighātassa bhāgī assā’’ti. ‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, pañcime vacanapathā yehi vo pare vadamānā vadeyyuṃ kālena vā akālena vā…pe… ‘na ceva… tadārammaṇañca sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ gaṅgāsamena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā viharissāmā’’ti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbaṃ.
231“比丘们，打个比方，有一个猫皮袋，被揉过、好好揉过、彻底揉过了，它软软的、柔柔的，不再发出沙沙声，不再发出嘎嘎声。这时，有人拿着木棍或瓦片走过来，他这样说：‘我要用木棍或瓦片，让这个被揉过、好好揉过、彻底揉过的，软软的、柔柔的，不再发出沙沙声、不再发出嘎嘎声的猫皮袋，重新沙沙作响、嘎嘎作响。’比丘们，你们怎么看？那个人能用木棍或瓦片，让那个猫皮袋沙沙作响、嘎嘎作响吗？” “不能，尊者。” “为什么呢？” “尊者，因为那个猫皮袋被揉过、好好揉过、彻底揉过了，它软软的、柔柔的，不再发出沙沙声，不再发出嘎嘎声。用木棍或瓦片让它沙沙作响、嘎嘎作响，是做不到的。那个人只会落得疲劳、懊恼的下场。” “同样的，比丘们，有这五种说话方式，别人在说你们的时候，无论时机对不对；说的内容真实或不真实；语气温和或粗暴；说的有益或无益；他们内心是慈心还是嗔恨。比丘们，别人在说你们的时候，时机可能对，也可能不对；说的可能真实，也可能不真实；语气可能温和，也可能粗暴；说的可能有益，也可能无益；他们内心可能怀着慈心，也可能怀着嗔恨。在那种情况下，比丘们，你们应该这样学：‘我们的心将不变异，我们不发出恶语，我们以利益之悲悯而住，以慈心而非嗔恨心；并且，我们以与慈心相伴的心遍满那个人而住，以此为所缘，以广大、崇高、无量、无怨、无害、与猫皮袋等同的心，遍满一切世间而住。’比丘们，你们应该这样学。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, biḷārabhastā madditā sumadditā suparimadditā, mudukā tūlinī chinnasassarā chinnabhabbharā. Atha puriso āgaccheyya kaṭṭhaṃ vā kathalaṃ vā ādāya. So evaṃ vadeyya – ‘ahaṃ imaṃ biḷārabhastaṃ madditaṃ sumadditaṃ suparimadditaṃ, mudukaṃ tūliniṃ, chinnasassaraṃ chinnabhabbharaṃ kaṭṭhena vā kathalena vā sarasaraṃ karissāmi bharabharaṃ karissāmī’ti . Taṃ kiṃ maññatha, bhikkhave, api nu so puriso amuṃ biḷārabhastaṃ madditaṃ sumadditaṃ suparimadditaṃ, mudukaṃ tūliniṃ, chinnasassaraṃ chinnabhabbharaṃ kaṭṭhena vā kathalena vā sarasaraṃ kareyya, bharabharaṃ kareyyā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Taṃ kissa hetu’’? ‘‘Amu hi, bhante, biḷārabhastā madditā sumadditā suparimadditā, mudukā tūlinī, chinnasassarā chinnabhabbharā. Sā na sukarā kaṭṭhena vā kathalena vā sarasaraṃ kātuṃ bharabharaṃ kātuṃ; yāvadeva ca pana so puriso kilamathassa vighātassa bhāgī assā’’ti. ‘‘Evameva kho, bhikkhave, pañcime vacanapathā yehi vo pare vadamānā vadeyyuṃ kālena vā akālena vā; bhūtena vā abhūtena vā; saṇhena vā pharusena vā; atthasaṃhitena vā anatthasaṃhitena vā; mettacittā vā dosantarā vā. Kālena vā bhikkhave pare vadamānā vadeyyuṃ akālena vā; bhūtena vā, bhikkhave, pare vadamānā vadeyyuṃ abhūtena vā; saṇhena vā, bhikkhave, pare vadamānā vadeyyuṃ pharusena vā; atthasaṃhitena vā, bhikkhave, pare vadamānā vadeyyuṃ anatthasaṃhitena vā; mettacittā vā, bhikkhave, pare vadamānā vadeyyuṃ dosantarā vā. Tatrāpi vo, bhikkhave, evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na ceva no cittaṃ vipariṇataṃ bhavissati, na ca pāpikaṃ vācaṃ nicchāressāma hitānukampī ca viharissāma mettacittā na dosantarā. Tañca puggalaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā pharitvā viharissāma, tadārammaṇañca sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ biḷārabhastāsamena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā viharissāmā’ti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbaṃ.
232“比丘们，即使强盗、恶贼用双柄的锯子，把你们的肢体一节节锯断，在那个时刻，如果谁心里生起了污染，那他就不是我教法的实行者。比丘们，在那种情况下，你们应该这样学：‘我们的心将不变异，我们不发出恶语，我们以利益之悲悯而住，以慈心而非嗔恨心；并且，我们以与慈心相伴的心遍满那个人而住，以此为所缘，也以与慈心相伴、广大、崇高、无量、无怨、无害的心，遍满一切世间而住。’比丘们，你们应该这样学。”
‘‘Ubhatodaṇḍakena cepi, bhikkhave, kakacena corā ocarakā aṅgamaṅgāni okanteyyuṃ, tatrāpi yo mano padūseyya, na me so tena sāsanakaro. Tatrāpi vo, bhikkhave , evaṃ sikkhitabbaṃ – ‘na ceva no cittaṃ vipariṇataṃ bhavissati, na ca pāpikaṃ vācaṃ nicchāressāma, hitānukampī ca viharissāma mettacittā na dosantarā. Tañca puggalaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā pharitvā viharissāma tadārammaṇañca sabbāvantaṃ lokaṃ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyābajjhena pharitvā viharissāmā’ti. Evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbaṃ.
233“比丘们，你们应该常常忆持这个锯喻的教诫。比丘们，你们能找出任何一丝一毫的言语攻击，是你们不能忍受的吗？” “不能，尊者。” “因此，比丘们，要常常忆持这个锯喻的教诫。那将长久为你们带来利益与安乐。”
‘‘Imañca tumhe, bhikkhave, kakacūpamaṃ ovādaṃ abhikkhaṇaṃ manasi kareyyātha. Passatha no tumhe, bhikkhave, taṃ vacanapathaṃ, aṇuṃ vā thūlaṃ vā, yaṃ tumhe nādhivāseyyāthā’’ti? ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’. ‘‘Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, imaṃ kakacūpamaṃ ovādaṃ abhikkhaṇaṃ manasikarotha. Taṃ vo bhavissati dīgharattaṃ hitāya sukhāyā’’ti.
24这就是世尊所说的。那些比丘们心满意足，欢喜地领受了世尊的开示。
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
25锯喻经完 第一
Kakacūpamasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ paṭhamaṃ.