MN 151 · 钵食清净经
438如是我闻：有一次，世尊住在王舍城的竹林栗鼠养饲处。那时，舍利弗尊者在傍晚时分，从独坐处起身，到世尊那里去。到了以后，他礼敬世尊，然后坐在一边。世尊对坐在一边的舍利弗尊者这样说——
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ bhagavā etadavoca –
2「舍利弗，你的诸根清净，肤色纯净、皎洁。舍利弗，你现在多以什么住而住？」「尊者，我现在多以空住而住。」「善哉，善哉，舍利弗！你现在多以大人住而住。舍利弗，这是大人住，即：空。因此，舍利弗，如果比丘希望——『我将多以空住而住』，舍利弗，那位比丘应当这样省察：『我以什么道路进村乞食，在什么地方行乞，以什么道路从村返回乞食，在那里，于眼识知的诸色，我有欲或贪或嗔或痴或心的厌恶吗？』舍利弗，如果比丘省察时这样知：『我以什么道路进村乞食，在什么地方行乞，以什么道路从村返回乞食，在那里，于眼识知的诸色，我有欲或贪或嗔或痴或心的厌恶』，舍利弗，那位比丘应当为断除那些恶不善法而努力。舍利弗，但如果比丘省察时这样知：『我以什么道路进村乞食，在什么地方行乞，以什么道路从村返回乞食，在那里，于眼识知的诸色，我没有欲或贪或嗔或痴或心的厌恶』，舍利弗，那位比丘应当以那喜与悦而住，日夜学习诸善法。」
‘‘Vippasannāni kho te, sāriputta, indriyāni, parisuddho chavivaṇṇo pariyodāto. Katamena kho tvaṃ, sāriputta, vihārena etarahi bahulaṃ viharasī’’ti? ‘‘Suññatāvihārena kho ahaṃ, bhante, etarahi bahulaṃ viharāmī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, sādhu, sāriputta! Mahāpurisavihārena kira tvaṃ, sāriputta, etarahi bahulaṃ viharasi. Mahāpurisavihāro eso , sāriputta, yadidaṃ – suññatā. Tasmātiha, sāriputta, bhikkhu sace ākaṅkheyya – ‘suññatāvihārena bahulaṃ vihareyya’nti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘yena cāhaṃ maggena gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ, yasmiñca padese piṇḍāya acariṃ, yena ca maggena gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamiṃ, atthi nu kho me tattha cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu chando vā rāgo vā doso vā moho vā paṭighaṃ vāpi cetaso’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘yena cāhaṃ maggena gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ, yasmiñca padese piṇḍāya acariṃ, yena ca maggena gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamiṃ, atthi me tattha cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu chando vā rāgo vā doso vā moho vā paṭighaṃ vāpi cetaso’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā tesaṃyeva pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘yena cāhaṃ maggena gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ, yasmiñca padese piṇḍāya acariṃ, yena ca maggena gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamiṃ, natthi me tattha cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu chando vā rāgo vā doso vā moho vā paṭighaṃ vāpi cetaso’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
439“再者，舍利弗，比丘应这样自我检查：‘五取蕴是否已经被我彻底了知了呢？’ 舍利弗，如果比丘在检查时，这样知道：‘五取蕴还没有被我彻底了知。’那么，舍利弗，那位比丘应当为了彻底了知五取蕴而努力。但是，舍利弗，如果比丘在检查时，这样知道：‘五取蕴已经被我彻底了知了。’那么，舍利弗，那位比丘就应该以那喜悦与欢愉而安住，日夜学习和实践各种善法。”
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘yena cāhaṃ maggena gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ, yasmiñca padese piṇḍāya acariṃ, yena ca maggena gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamiṃ, atthi nu kho me tattha sotaviññeyyesu saddesu…pe… ghānaviññeyyesu gandhesu… jivhāviññeyyesu rasesu … kāyaviññeyyesu phoṭṭhabbesu… manoviññeyyesu dhammesu chando vā rāgo vā doso vā moho vā paṭighaṃ vāpi cetaso’ti? Sace , sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘yena cāhaṃ maggena gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ, yasmiñca padese piṇḍāya acariṃ, yena ca maggena gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamiṃ, atthi me tattha manoviññeyyesu dhammesu chando vā rāgo vā doso vā moho vā paṭighaṃ vāpi cetaso’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā tesaṃyeva pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘yena cāhaṃ maggena gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ, yasmiñca padese piṇḍāya acariṃ, yena ca maggena gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamiṃ, natthi me tattha manoviññeyyesu dhammesu chando vā rāgo vā doso vā moho vā paṭighaṃ vāpi cetaso’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
440「再者，舍利弗，比丘应当这样省察：『我已断除五欲功德了吗？』舍利弗，如果比丘省察时这样知：『我未断除五欲功德』，舍利弗，那位比丘应当为断除五欲功德而努力。舍利弗，但如果比丘省察时这样知：『我已断除五欲功德』，舍利弗，那位比丘应当以那喜与悦而住，日夜学习诸善法。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘pahīnā nu kho me pañca kāmaguṇā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘appahīnā kho me pañca kāmaguṇā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā pañcannaṃ kāmaguṇānaṃ pahānāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘pahīnā kho me pañca kāmaguṇā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
441「再者，舍利弗，比丘应当这样省察：『我已断除五盖了吗？』舍利弗，如果比丘省察时这样知：『我未断除五盖』，舍利弗，那位比丘应当为断除五盖而努力。舍利弗，但如果比丘省察时这样知：『我已断除五盖』，舍利弗，那位比丘应当以那喜与悦而住，日夜学习诸善法。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘pahīnā nu kho me pañca nīvaraṇā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘appahīnā kho me pañca nīvaraṇā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā pañcannaṃ nīvaraṇānaṃ pahānāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘pahīnā kho me pañca nīvaraṇā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
442「再者，舍利弗，比丘应当如此省察：『我的五取蕴是否已被遍知？』舍利弗，若比丘省察时如此了知：『我的五取蕴尚未被遍知』，舍利弗，那位比丘应应了知五取蕴而精勤。然而，舍利弗，若比丘省察时如此了知：『我的五取蕴已被遍知』，舍利弗，那位比丘应当以此喜悦而住，日夜随学于诸善法。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘pariññātā nu kho me pañcupādānakkhandhā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘apariññātā kho me pañcupādānakkhandhā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā pañcannaṃ upādānakkhandhānaṃ pariññāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘pariññātā kho me pañcupādānakkhandhā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
443「再者，舍利弗，比丘应当如此省察：『我是否已修习四念处？』舍利弗，如果比丘省察时如此知道：『我尚未修习四念处』，那么，舍利弗，那位比丘应当为修习四念处而努力。然而，舍利弗，如果比丘省察时如此知道：『我已修习四念处』，那么，舍利弗，那位比丘应当以那喜悦而住，日夜继续学习善法。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘bhāvitā nu kho me cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘abhāvitā kho me cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvanāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘bhāvitā kho me cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
444「再者，舍利弗，比丘应当如此省察：『我的四正勤是否已被修习？』舍利弗，若比丘省察时如此了知：『我的四正勤尚未被修习』，舍利弗，那位比丘应当为修习四正勤而精勤。然而，舍利弗，若比丘省察时如此了知：『我的四正勤已被修习』，舍利弗，那位比丘应当以此喜悦而住，日夜随学于诸善法。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘bhāvitā nu kho me cattāro sammappadhānā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘abhāvitā kho me cattāro sammappadhānā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā catunnaṃ sammappadhānānaṃ bhāvanāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘bhāvitā kho me cattāro sammappadhānā’ti , tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
445「再者，舍利弗，比丘应当如此省察：『我的四神足是否已被修习？』舍利弗，若比丘省察时如此了知：『我的四神足尚未被修习』，舍利弗，那位比丘应当为修习四神足而精勤。然而，舍利弗，若比丘省察时如此了知：『我的四神足已被修习』，舍利弗，那位比丘应当以此喜悦而住，日夜随学于诸善法。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘bhāvitā nu kho me cattāro iddhipādā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘abhāvitā kho me cattāro iddhipādā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvanāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘bhāvitā kho me cattāro iddhipādā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
446「再者，舍利弗，比丘应当如此省察：『我的五根是否已被修习？』舍利弗，若比丘省察时如此了知：『我的五根尚未被修习』，舍利弗，那位比丘应当为修习五根而精勤。然而，舍利弗，若比丘省察时如此了知：『我的五根已被修习』，舍利弗，那位比丘应当以此喜悦而住，日夜随学于诸善法。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘bhāvitāni nu kho me pañcindriyānī’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘abhāvitāni kho me pañcindriyānī’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ bhāvanāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘bhāvitāni kho me pañcindriyānī’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
447「再者，舍利弗，比丘应当如此省察：『我的五力是否已被修习？』舍利弗，若比丘省察时如此了知：『我的五力尚未被修习』，舍利弗，那位比丘应当为修习五力而精勤。然而，舍利弗，若比丘省察时如此了知：『我的五力已被修习』，舍利弗，那位比丘应当以此喜悦而住，日夜随学于诸善法。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘bhāvitāni nu kho me pañca balānī’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘abhāvitāni kho me pañca balānī’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā pañcannaṃ balānaṃ bhāvanāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘bhāvitāni kho me pañca balānī’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
448「再者，舍利弗，比丘应当如此省察：『我的七觉支是否已被修习？』舍利弗，若比丘省察时如此了知：『我的七觉支尚未被修习』，舍利弗，那位比丘应当为修习七觉支而精勤。然而，舍利弗，若比丘省察时如此了知：『我的七觉支已被修习』，舍利弗，那位比丘应当以此喜悦而住，日夜随学于诸善法。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘bhāvitā nu kho me satta bojjhaṅgā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘abhāvitā kho me satta bojjhaṅgā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā sattannaṃ bojjhaṅgānaṃ bhāvanāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘bhāvitā kho me satta bojjhaṅgā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
449「再者，舍利弗，比丘应当如此省察：『我的圣八支道是否已被修习？』舍利弗，若比丘省察时如此了知：『我的圣八支道尚未被修习』，舍利弗，那位比丘应当为修习圣八支道而精勤。然而，舍利弗，若比丘省察时如此了知：『我的圣八支道已被修习』，舍利弗，那位比丘应当以此喜悦而住，日夜随学于诸善法。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘bhāvito nu kho me ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘abhāvito kho me ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā ariyassa aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassa bhāvanāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘bhāvito kho me ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo’ti , tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
450「再者，舍利弗，比丘应当如此省察：『我的止与观是否已修习？』舍利弗，如果比丘省察时这样了知：『我的止与观尚未修习』，那么，舍利弗，那位比丘应当为止观的修习而努力。但是，舍利弗，如果比丘省察时这样了知：『我的止与观已修习』，那么，舍利弗，那位比丘应当以那喜悦而住，日夜学习诸善法。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘bhāvitā nu kho me samatho ca vipassanā cā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘abhāvitā kho me samatho ca vipassanā cā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā samathavipassanānaṃ bhāvanāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘bhāvitā kho me samatho ca vipassanā cā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
451「再者，舍利弗，比丘应当如此省察：『我的明与解脱是否已作证？』舍利弗，如果比丘省察时这样了知：『我的明与解脱尚未作证』，那么，舍利弗，那位比丘应当为明与解脱的作证而努力。但是，舍利弗，如果比丘省察时这样了知：『我的明与解脱已作证』，那么，舍利弗，那位比丘应当以那喜悦而住，日夜学习诸善法。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘sacchikatā nu kho me vijjā ca vimutti cā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘asacchikatā kho me vijjā ca vimutti cā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā vijjāya vimuttiyā sacchikiriyāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘sacchikatā kho me vijjā ca vimutti cā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
452“舍利弗，的确，那些过去世的任何沙门或婆罗门，他们若要清净自己的钵食，全都是这样不断地审视、不断地审视之后，才得以清净钵食。舍利弗，那些未来世的任何沙门或婆罗门，他们若要清净自己的钵食，也全都会这样不断地审视、不断地审视之后，才能清净钵食。舍利弗，那些现在世的任何沙门或婆罗门，他们若要清净自己的钵食，也全都是这样不断地审视、不断地审视之后，才得以清净钵食。因此，舍利弗，你们应该这样训练自己：‘我们要不断地审视、不断地审视之后，来清净自己的钵食。’”
‘‘Ye hi keci, sāriputta, atītamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā piṇḍapātaṃ parisodhesuṃ, sabbe te evameva paccavekkhitvā paccavekkhitvā piṇḍapātaṃ parisodhesuṃ. Yepi hi keci, sāriputta, anāgatamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā piṇḍapātaṃ parisodhessanti, sabbe te evameva paccavekkhitvā paccavekkhitvā piṇḍapātaṃ parisodhessanti. Yepi hi keci, sāriputta, etarahi samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā piṇḍapātaṃ parisodhenti, sabbe te evameva paccavekkhitvā paccavekkhitvā piṇḍapātaṃ parisodhenti. Tasmātiha, sāriputta , ‘paccavekkhitvā paccavekkhitvā piṇḍapātaṃ parisodhessāmā’ti – evañhi vo, sāriputta, sikkhitabba’’nti.
17世尊说了这番话。舍利弗尊者内心满意，对世尊的所说感到欢喜。
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā sāriputto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
18钵食清净经完，第九
Piṇḍapātapārisuddhisuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ navamaṃ.