MN 151 · 钵食清净经
438如是我闻：一时，世尊住在王舍城的竹林栗鼠养饲处。那时，舍利弗尊者在傍晚时分从宴坐处起身，来到世尊跟前，顶礼世尊后，坐在一旁。世尊便对坐在一旁的舍利弗尊者这样说：
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Atha kho āyasmā sāriputto sāyanhasamayaṃ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho āyasmantaṃ sāriputtaṃ bhagavā etadavoca –
2「“舍利弗，你的诸根明净，肤色纯净明亮。舍利弗，你如今多安住于何种住呢？”“尊者，我如今多安住于空住。”“善哉，善哉，舍利弗！看来你如今多安住于大人住。舍利弗，这大人住就是空住。因此，舍利弗，若有比丘希望：‘我将多安住于空住’，那么，舍利弗，那位比丘应当这样省察：‘我沿着哪条路进村乞食，在何处行乞，又沿着哪条路从村返回，在这些地方，对于眼识所知的色，我是否有欲、贪、瞋、痴，或心的嫌恶呢？’舍利弗，如果比丘省察时这样了知：‘我沿着哪条路进村乞食，在何处行乞，又沿着哪条路从村返回，在这些地方，对于眼识所知的色，我有欲、贪、瞋、痴，或心的嫌恶’，那么，舍利弗，那位比丘应当为断除那些恶不善法而精进。然而，舍利弗，如果比丘省察时这样了知：‘我沿着哪条路进村乞食，在何处行乞，又沿着哪条路从村返回，在这些地方，对于眼识所知的色，我没有欲、贪、瞋、痴，或心的嫌恶’，那么，舍利弗，那位比丘便应以此喜与悦而安住，昼夜随学诸善法。”」
‘‘Vippasannāni kho te, sāriputta, indriyāni, parisuddho chavivaṇṇo pariyodāto. Katamena kho tvaṃ, sāriputta, vihārena etarahi bahulaṃ viharasī’’ti? ‘‘Suññatāvihārena kho ahaṃ, bhante, etarahi bahulaṃ viharāmī’’ti. ‘‘Sādhu, sādhu, sāriputta! Mahāpurisavihārena kira tvaṃ, sāriputta, etarahi bahulaṃ viharasi. Mahāpurisavihāro eso , sāriputta, yadidaṃ – suññatā. Tasmātiha, sāriputta, bhikkhu sace ākaṅkheyya – ‘suññatāvihārena bahulaṃ vihareyya’nti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘yena cāhaṃ maggena gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ, yasmiñca padese piṇḍāya acariṃ, yena ca maggena gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamiṃ, atthi nu kho me tattha cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu chando vā rāgo vā doso vā moho vā paṭighaṃ vāpi cetaso’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘yena cāhaṃ maggena gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ, yasmiñca padese piṇḍāya acariṃ, yena ca maggena gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamiṃ, atthi me tattha cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu chando vā rāgo vā doso vā moho vā paṭighaṃ vāpi cetaso’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā tesaṃyeva pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘yena cāhaṃ maggena gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ, yasmiñca padese piṇḍāya acariṃ, yena ca maggena gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamiṃ, natthi me tattha cakkhuviññeyyesu rūpesu chando vā rāgo vā doso vā moho vā paṭighaṃ vāpi cetaso’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
439“再者，舍利弗，比丘应当这样省察：‘我沿着哪条路进村乞食，在何处行乞，又沿着哪条路从村返回，在这些地方，对于耳识所知的声音……鼻识所知的气味……舌识所知的味道……身识所知的所触……意识所知的法，我心中是否有欲、贪、瞋、痴，或心的抵触呢？’舍利弗，如果比丘省察时这样了知：‘我沿着哪条路进村乞食，在何处行乞，又沿着哪条路从村返回，在这些地方，对于意识所知的法，我心中有欲、贪、瞋、痴，或心的抵触’，那么，舍利弗，那位比丘应当为断除那些恶不善法而精进。然而，舍利弗，如果比丘省察时这样了知：‘我沿着哪条路进村乞食，在何处行乞，又沿着哪条路从村返回，在这些地方，对于意识所知的法，我心中没有欲、贪、瞋、痴，或心的抵触’，那么，舍利弗，那位比丘便应以此喜与悦而安住，昼夜随学诸善法。”
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘yena cāhaṃ maggena gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ, yasmiñca padese piṇḍāya acariṃ, yena ca maggena gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamiṃ, atthi nu kho me tattha sotaviññeyyesu saddesu…pe… ghānaviññeyyesu gandhesu… jivhāviññeyyesu rasesu … kāyaviññeyyesu phoṭṭhabbesu… manoviññeyyesu dhammesu chando vā rāgo vā doso vā moho vā paṭighaṃ vāpi cetaso’ti? Sace , sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘yena cāhaṃ maggena gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ, yasmiñca padese piṇḍāya acariṃ, yena ca maggena gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamiṃ, atthi me tattha manoviññeyyesu dhammesu chando vā rāgo vā doso vā moho vā paṭighaṃ vāpi cetaso’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā tesaṃyeva pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘yena cāhaṃ maggena gāmaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisiṃ, yasmiñca padese piṇḍāya acariṃ, yena ca maggena gāmato piṇḍāya paṭikkamiṃ, natthi me tattha manoviññeyyesu dhammesu chando vā rāgo vā doso vā moho vā paṭighaṃ vāpi cetaso’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
440「“再者，舍利弗，比丘应当这样省察：‘我已断除五欲功德了吗？’舍利弗，如果比丘省察时这样了知：‘我尚未断除五欲功德’，那么，舍利弗，那位比丘应当为断除五欲功德而精进。然而，舍利弗，如果比丘省察时这样了知：‘我已断除五欲功德’，那么，舍利弗，那位比丘便应以此喜与悦而安住，昼夜随学诸善法。”」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘pahīnā nu kho me pañca kāmaguṇā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘appahīnā kho me pañca kāmaguṇā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā pañcannaṃ kāmaguṇānaṃ pahānāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘pahīnā kho me pañca kāmaguṇā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
441「复次，舍利弗，比丘应如此省察：‘我已断除五盖了吗？’舍利弗，若比丘省察时如是知：‘我尚未断除五盖’，则应为断除五盖而精进。若比丘省察时如是知：‘我已断除五盖’，便应安住于那种喜与悦，日夜修习诸善法。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘pahīnā nu kho me pañca nīvaraṇā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘appahīnā kho me pañca nīvaraṇā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā pañcannaṃ nīvaraṇānaṃ pahānāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘pahīnā kho me pañca nīvaraṇā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
442复次，舍利弗，比丘应如此省察：‘我已遍知五取蕴了吗？’舍利弗，若比丘省察时如是知：‘我尚未遍知五取蕴’，则应为遍知五取蕴而精进。若比丘省察时如是知：‘我已遍知五取蕴’，便应安住于那种喜与悦，日夜修习诸善法。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘pariññātā nu kho me pañcupādānakkhandhā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘apariññātā kho me pañcupādānakkhandhā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā pañcannaṃ upādānakkhandhānaṃ pariññāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘pariññātā kho me pañcupādānakkhandhā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
443「复次，舍利弗，比丘应如此省察：‘我已修习四念处了吗？’舍利弗，若比丘省察时如是知：‘我尚未修习四念处’，则应为修习四念处而精进。若比丘省察时如是知：‘我已修习四念处’，便应安住于那种喜与悦，日夜修习诸善法。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘bhāvitā nu kho me cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘abhāvitā kho me cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā catunnaṃ satipaṭṭhānānaṃ bhāvanāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘bhāvitā kho me cattāro satipaṭṭhānā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
444「舍利弗，再者，比丘应当这样省察：‘我是否已修习四正勤？’舍利弗，若比丘在省察时这样了知：‘我还未修习四正勤’，那么，舍利弗，这位比丘应当为修习四正勤而精勤。然而，舍利弗，若比丘在省察时这样了知：‘我已修习四正勤’，那么，舍利弗，这位比丘便可以安住于那喜悦之中，并于日日夜夜继续学习诸善法。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘bhāvitā nu kho me cattāro sammappadhānā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘abhāvitā kho me cattāro sammappadhānā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā catunnaṃ sammappadhānānaṃ bhāvanāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘bhāvitā kho me cattāro sammappadhānā’ti , tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
445「舍利弗，再者，比丘应当这样省察：‘我是否已修习四神足？’舍利弗，若比丘在省察时这样了知：‘我还未修习四神足’，那么，舍利弗，这位比丘应当为修习四神足而精勤。然而，舍利弗，若比丘在省察时这样了知：‘我已修习四神足’，那么，舍利弗，这位比丘便可以安住于那喜悦之中，并于日日夜夜继续学习诸善法。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘bhāvitā nu kho me cattāro iddhipādā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘abhāvitā kho me cattāro iddhipādā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā catunnaṃ iddhipādānaṃ bhāvanāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘bhāvitā kho me cattāro iddhipādā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
446「舍利弗，再者，比丘应当这样省察：‘我是否已修习五根？’舍利弗，若比丘在省察时这样了知：‘我还未修习五根’，那么，舍利弗，这位比丘应当为修习五根而精勤。然而，舍利弗，若比丘在省察时这样了知：‘我已修习五根’，那么，舍利弗，这位比丘便可以安住于那喜悦之中，并于日日夜夜继续学习诸善法。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘bhāvitāni nu kho me pañcindriyānī’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘abhāvitāni kho me pañcindriyānī’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā pañcannaṃ indriyānaṃ bhāvanāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘bhāvitāni kho me pañcindriyānī’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
447「再者，舍利弗，比丘应如是省察：‘我的五力是否已修习？’舍利弗，若比丘审察时如是了知：‘我的五力尚未修习’，那位比丘应当为修习五力而精勤。然而，舍利弗，若比丘审察时如是了知：‘我的五力已修习’，那位比丘当以此喜悦安住，日夜随学于诸善法。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘bhāvitāni nu kho me pañca balānī’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘abhāvitāni kho me pañca balānī’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā pañcannaṃ balānaṃ bhāvanāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘bhāvitāni kho me pañca balānī’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
448「再者，舍利弗，比丘应如是省察：‘我的七觉支是否已修习？’舍利弗，若比丘审察时如是了知：‘我的七觉支尚未修习’，那位比丘应当为修习七觉支而精勤。然而，舍利弗，若比丘审察时如是了知：‘我的七觉支已修习’，那位比丘当以此喜悦安住，日夜随学于诸善法。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘bhāvitā nu kho me satta bojjhaṅgā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘abhāvitā kho me satta bojjhaṅgā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā sattannaṃ bojjhaṅgānaṃ bhāvanāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘bhāvitā kho me satta bojjhaṅgā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
449「再者，舍利弗，比丘应如是省察：‘我的圣八支道是否已修习？’舍利弗，若比丘审察时如是了知：‘我的圣八支道尚未修习’，那位比丘应当为修习圣八支道而精勤。然而，舍利弗，若比丘审察时如是了知：‘我的圣八支道已修习’，那位比丘当以此喜悦安住，日夜随学于诸善法。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘bhāvito nu kho me ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘abhāvito kho me ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā ariyassa aṭṭhaṅgikassa maggassa bhāvanāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘bhāvito kho me ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo’ti , tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
450「再者，舍利弗，比丘应当如此省察：‘我的止与观是否已修习？’舍利弗，如果比丘省察时这样了知：‘我的止与观尚未修习’，那么，舍利弗，那位比丘应当为止与观的修习而努力。但是，舍利弗，如果比丘省察时这样了知：‘我的止与观已修习’，那么，舍利弗，那位比丘应当以此喜悦而住，日夜随学于诸善法。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘bhāvitā nu kho me samatho ca vipassanā cā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘abhāvitā kho me samatho ca vipassanā cā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā samathavipassanānaṃ bhāvanāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘bhāvitā kho me samatho ca vipassanā cā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
451「再者，舍利弗，比丘应当如此省察：‘我的明与解脱是否已作证？’舍利弗，如果比丘省察时这样了知：‘我的明与解脱尚未作证’，那么，舍利弗，那位比丘应当为明与解脱的作证而努力。但是，舍利弗，如果比丘省察时这样了知：‘我的明与解脱已作证’，那么，舍利弗，那位比丘应当以此喜悦而住，日夜随学于诸善法。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, sāriputta, bhikkhunā iti paṭisañcikkhitabbaṃ – ‘sacchikatā nu kho me vijjā ca vimutti cā’ti? Sace, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘asacchikatā kho me vijjā ca vimutti cā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā vijjāya vimuttiyā sacchikiriyāya vāyamitabbaṃ. Sace pana, sāriputta, bhikkhu paccavekkhamāno evaṃ jānāti – ‘sacchikatā kho me vijjā ca vimutti cā’ti, tena, sāriputta, bhikkhunā teneva pītipāmojjena vihātabbaṃ ahorattānusikkhinā kusalesu dhammesu.
452“舍利弗，过去世中，任何清净钵食的沙门或婆罗门，全都是这样一再省察、再省察之后，才得以清净钵食的。舍利弗，未来世中，任何清净钵食的沙门或婆罗门，也全都会是这样一再省察、再省察之后，才得以清净钵食的。舍利弗，现在世中，任何清净钵食的沙门或婆罗门，也全都是这样一再省察、再省察之后，才得以清净钵食的。因此，舍利弗，你们应当如此修学：‘我们要通过一再省察、再省察，来清净自己的钵食。’”
‘‘Ye hi keci, sāriputta, atītamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā piṇḍapātaṃ parisodhesuṃ, sabbe te evameva paccavekkhitvā paccavekkhitvā piṇḍapātaṃ parisodhesuṃ. Yepi hi keci, sāriputta, anāgatamaddhānaṃ samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā piṇḍapātaṃ parisodhessanti, sabbe te evameva paccavekkhitvā paccavekkhitvā piṇḍapātaṃ parisodhessanti. Yepi hi keci, sāriputta, etarahi samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā piṇḍapātaṃ parisodhenti, sabbe te evameva paccavekkhitvā paccavekkhitvā piṇḍapātaṃ parisodhenti. Tasmātiha, sāriputta , ‘paccavekkhitvā paccavekkhitvā piṇḍapātaṃ parisodhessāmā’ti – evañhi vo, sāriputta, sikkhitabba’’nti.
17世尊如是说。舍利弗尊者心满意，对世尊的言教深生欢喜。
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā sāriputto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
18《钵食清净经》第九
Piṇḍapātapārisuddhisuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ navamaṃ.