← 小部目录

KN 4 · 如是语

Tipitaka 7.0 静态阅读页 · 1213 段 · 打开交互阅读器

11. 一集
1. Ekakanipāto
21. 第一品
1. Paṭhamavaggo
31. 贪经
1. Lobhasuttaṃ
1这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我是这样听到的——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
5“比丘们,舍断一个法;我保证你们不来。哪一个法呢?比丘们,舍断愤怒这一个法;我保证你们不来。”世尊说了这个义理。关于这个义理,是这样说的——
‘‘Ekadhammaṃ, bhikkhave, pajahatha; ahaṃ vo pāṭibhogo anāgāmitāya. Katamaṃ ekadhammaṃ? Kodhaṃ, bhikkhave, ekadhammaṃ pajahatha; ahaṃ vo pāṭibhogo anāgāmitāyā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
6“凡是被贪欲所染而变得贪婪的人,那些众生会走向恶趣;
‘‘Yena lobhena luddhāse, sattā gacchanti duggatiṃ;
7正确看清了那个贪之后,有观照的人会舍断它;
Taṃ lobhaṃ sammadaññāya, pajahanti vipassino;
8舍断之后,他们再也不在任何时候来到这个世间。”
Pahāya na punāyanti, imaṃ lokaṃ kudācana’’nti.
9这个义理也是世尊所说,我是这样听到的。第三经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Tatiyaṃ.
102. 嗔经
2. Dosasuttaṃ
2据世尊所说、据阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
12“比丘们,舍断一个法,我保证你们不来。哪个一个法呢?比丘们,舍断慢这个法,我保证你们不来。”这是世尊宣说的义理。对此,是这样说的:
‘‘Ekadhammaṃ, bhikkhave, pajahatha; ahaṃ vo pāṭibhogo anāgāmitāya. Katamaṃ ekadhammaṃ? Mānaṃ, bhikkhave, ekadhammaṃ pajahatha; ahaṃ vo pāṭibhogo anāgāmitāyā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
13“被嗔恚所败坏,众生就会走向恶趣;
‘‘Yena dosena duṭṭhāse, sattā gacchanti duggatiṃ;
14有洞察力的人正确地了知那种嗔恚,就把它舍断;
Taṃ dosaṃ sammadaññāya, pajahanti vipassino;
15舍断之后,任何时候都不会再来这个世间。”
Pahāya na punāyanti, imaṃ lokaṃ kudācana’’nti.
16第一品
1. Paṭhamavaggo
17这个义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第五品。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Pañcamaṃ.
183. 痴经
3. Mohasuttaṃ
3这是世尊所说、阿拉汉所说,我是这样听到的——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
20“比丘们,舍断一法,我就担保你们不会再来。哪一法?比丘们,舍断贪这一法,我就担保你们不会再来。”这是世尊所说的意思。关于这一点,是这样说的——
‘‘Ekadhammaṃ, bhikkhave, pajahatha; ahaṃ vo pāṭibhogo anāgāmitāya. Katamaṃ ekadhammaṃ? Lobhaṃ, bhikkhave, ekadhammaṃ pajahatha; ahaṃ vo pāṭibhogo anāgāmitāyā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
21被那痴所蒙蔽,众生投生恶趣;
‘‘Yena mohena mūḷhāse, sattā gacchanti duggatiṃ;
22正确了知那痴后,具足观照着舍断它;
Taṃ mohaṃ sammadaññāya, pajahanti vipassino;
23一旦舍断,他们就再也不会来到这个世间。”
Pahāya na punāyanti, imaṃ lokaṃ kudācana’’nti.
24这个道理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第九经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Navamaṃ.
254. 忿经
4. Kodhasuttaṃ
4这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,如是我闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
27“诸比丘,舍断一法;我保证你们不来。哪一法?诸比丘,舍断痴这一法;我保证你们不来。”这是世尊所说的义理。关于此,此义如是说:
‘‘Ekadhammaṃ, bhikkhave, pajahatha; ahaṃ vo pāṭibhogo anāgāmitāya. Katamaṃ ekadhammaṃ? Mohaṃ, bhikkhave, ekadhammaṃ pajahatha; ahaṃ vo pāṭibhogo anāgāmitāyā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
28“众生被这愤怒驱使而发怒,便走向恶趣;
‘‘Yena kodhena kuddhāse, sattā gacchanti duggatiṃ;
29那些观照者正确了知这愤怒之后,便将它舍断;
Taṃ kodhaṃ sammadaññāya, pajahanti vipassino;
30舍断之后,他们就再也不会回到这个世界了。”
Pahāya na punāyanti, imaṃ lokaṃ kudācana’’nti.
31此义也是世尊所说,我如是听闻。第二。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Dutiyaṃ.
325. 覆经
5. Makkhasuttaṃ
5这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
34“比丘们,舍断一法,我保证你们不来。哪一法?比丘们,舍断嗔这一法,我保证你们不来。”这就是世尊所说的义理。关于这一点,如是说——
‘‘Ekadhammaṃ, bhikkhave, pajahatha; ahaṃ vo pāṭibhogo anāgāmitāya. Katamaṃ ekadhammaṃ? Dosaṃ, bhikkhave, ekadhammaṃ pajahatha; ahaṃ vo pāṭibhogo anāgāmitāyā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
35“因为覆恼,有情走向恶趣;
‘‘Yena makkhena makkhāse , sattā gacchanti duggatiṃ;
36完全了知那覆恼之后,具观者将它舍断;
Taṃ makkhaṃ sammadaññāya, pajahanti vipassino;
37舍断之后,他们永不再来这个世界。”
Pahāya na punāyanti, imaṃ lokaṃ kudācana’’nti.
38这义理也是世尊所说,我这样听闻。第八。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
396. 慢经
6. Mānasuttaṃ
6这是世尊所说、阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
41“比丘们,舍断一法,我保证你们不来。哪一法?比丘们,舍断覆恼这一法,我保证你们不来。” 世尊说了这个义理。对此,如是说:
‘‘Ekadhammaṃ, bhikkhave, pajahatha; ahaṃ vo pāṭibhogo anāgāmitāya. Katamaṃ ekadhammaṃ? Makkhaṃ, bhikkhave, ekadhammaṃ pajahatha; ahaṃ vo pāṭibhogo anāgāmitāyā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
42“众生被那慢所陶醉,由此走向恶趣;
‘‘Yena mānena mattāse, sattā gacchanti duggatiṃ;
43那些具观者正确遍知那慢后,将它舍断;
Taṃ mānaṃ sammadaññāya, pajahanti vipassino;
44舍断之后,他们永远不会再来到这个世界。”
Pahāya na punāyanti, imaṃ lokaṃ kudācana’’nti.
45这个义理也是世尊宣说的,如是我闻。第一。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Paṭhamaṃ.
467. 一切遍知经
7. Sabbapariññāsuttaṃ
7这是世尊说的,是阿拉汉说的,我这样听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
48诸比丘,不了知一切、不遍知一切,对其心不远离、不舍断,就不可能灭尽苦。而诸比丘,了知一切、遍知一切,对其心远离、舍断,则可能灭尽苦。
‘‘Sabbaṃ, bhikkhave, anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ tattha cittaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Sabbañca kho, bhikkhave, abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ tattha cittaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāyā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
49谁从各个方面了知一切,对于一切事物不贪染;
‘‘Yo sabbaṃ sabbato ñatvā, sabbatthesu na rajjati;
50他确实遍知了一切,超越了一切苦。
Sa ve sabbapariññā so, sabbadukkhamupaccagā’’ti .
51这个义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第四经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Catutthaṃ.
528. 慢遍知经
8. Mānapariññāsuttaṃ
8这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,如是我闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
54“比丘们,如果不了知慢、不遍知慢,在那里不使心离染、不舍断慢,就没有能力灭尽苦。比丘们,如果正确了知慢、遍知慢,在那里使心离染、舍断慢,就有能力灭尽苦。” 这是世尊所说的义理。对此,是这样说的:
‘‘Mānaṃ, bhikkhave, anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ tattha cittaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya . Mānañca kho, bhikkhave, abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ tattha cittaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāyā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
55“慢所浸染的这些众生,被慢结绑缚,乐于存在;
‘‘Mānupetā ayaṃ pajā, mānaganthā bhave ratā;
56不遍知慢的人,会一再地受生。
Mānaṃ aparijānantā, āgantāro punabbhavaṃ.
57“而那些舍断了慢的人,在慢灭尽中获得解脱;
‘‘Ye ca mānaṃ pahantvāna, vimuttā mānasaṅkhaye;
58他们战胜了慢的结缚,超越了一切苦。”
Te mānaganthābhibhuno, sabbadukkhamupaccagu’’nti .
59这个义理也是世尊所说,这是我所听闻的。 第一。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Paṭhamaṃ.
609. 贪遍知经
9. Lobhapariññāsuttaṃ
9这是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻到:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
62“比丘们,对于贪,不证知、不遍知、不令心离染、不舍断,就没有能力灭尽苦。比丘们,而对于贪,证知、遍知、令心离染、舍断,就有能力灭尽苦。”
‘‘Lobhaṃ, bhikkhave , anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ tattha cittaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Lobhañca kho, bhikkhave, abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ tattha cittaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāyā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
63“被那贪所染污的众生,走向恶趣;
‘‘Yena lobhena luddhāse, sattā gacchanti duggatiṃ;
64有洞见的智者,正确了知那贪后,舍断它;
Taṃ lobhaṃ sammadaññāya, pajahanti vipassino;
65舍断之后,他们永远不再来此世间。”
Pahāya na punāyanti, imaṃ lokaṃ kudācana’’nti.
66这也是世尊所宣说的义理,如是我闻。第一经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Paṭhamaṃ.
6710. 嗔遍知经
10. Dosapariññāsuttaṃ
10这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
69“比丘们,如果对嗔恚不能正确了知、不能遍知、不能在那里让心离染、不能舍断,那就没有能力灭尽苦。比丘们,如果对嗔恚能正确了知、能遍知、能在那里让心离染、能舍断,那就有能力灭尽苦。”世尊说了这个道理。关于这个道理,是这样说的:
‘‘Dosaṃ, bhikkhave, anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ tattha cittaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Dosañca kho, bhikkhave, abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ tattha cittaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāyā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
70“被嗔恚所污染,众生堕入恶道;
‘‘Yena dosena duṭṭhāse, sattā gacchanti duggatiṃ;
71正确地了知此嗔,观照者便将它舍断;
Taṃ dosaṃ sammadaññāya, pajahanti vipassino;
72舍断之后,他们永不再来此世间。”
Pahāya na punāyanti, imaṃ lokaṃ kudācana’’nti.
73这个义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第三。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Tatiyaṃ.
74第一品完
Paṭhamo vaggo niṭṭhito.
75其摄颂——
Tassuddānaṃ –
76贪、嗔,然后痴,忿、覆、慢,一切;
Rāgadosā atha moho, kodhamakkhā mānaṃ sabbaṃ;
77慢之后,贪嗔再两经,如此宣说,称为第一品。
Mānato rāgadosā puna dve, pakāsitā vaggamāhu paṭhamanti.
78第二品
2. Dutiyavaggo
792. 第二品
2. Dutiyavaggo
801. 痴遍知经
1. Mohapariññāsuttaṃ
11这义理是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,如是我闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
82“诸比丘,如果不证知、不遍知愚痴,对于它心不离染、不舍断,就无法灭尽苦。诸比丘,如果证知、遍知愚痴,对于它心离染、舍断,就能灭尽苦。”这就是世尊所宣说的义理。关于这个义理,又有如下的偈颂:
‘‘Mohaṃ, bhikkhave, anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ tattha cittaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Mohañca kho, bhikkhave, abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ tattha cittaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāyā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
83“众生因为那愚痴而迷失,便会走向恶趣;
‘‘Yena mohena mūḷhāse, sattā gacchanti duggatiṃ;
84具观者正确了知那愚痴之后,将它舍断;
Taṃ mohaṃ sammadaññāya, pajahanti vipassino;
85舍断之后,他们任何时候都不再来这个世间。”
Pahāya na punāyanti, imaṃ lokaṃ kudācana’’nti.
86这个义理也是世尊所说,我是这样听到的。第六经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
872. 忿遍知经
2. Kodhapariññāsuttaṃ
12这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
89比丘们,如果对愤怒未正确了知、未遍知,心在那里不离染、不舍断,就不可能灭尽苦。而比丘们,如果对愤怒正确了知、遍知,心在那里离染、舍断,就可能灭尽苦。”这是世尊所说。关于此事,这样说——
‘‘Kodhaṃ, bhikkhave, anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ tattha cittaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Kodhañca kho, bhikkhave, abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ tattha cittaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāyā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
90众生被那种愤怒所激怒,便会走向恶趣;
‘‘Yena kodhena kuddhāse, sattā gacchanti duggatiṃ;
91正确地了知那种愤怒后,观者们舍断它,
Taṃ kodhaṃ sammadaññāya, pajahanti vipassino;
92舍断之后,他们永远不会再来到这个世间。
Pahāya na punāyanti, imaṃ lokaṃ kudācana’’nti.
93这个义理也是世尊所说,我这样听闻。第四经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Catutthaṃ.
943. 覆遍知经
3.Makkhapariññāsuttaṃ
13以下这些话是世尊说的,是阿拉汉说的,我是这样听到的:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
96比丘们,如果对覆恼不正確了知、不遍知、心不离染、不舍断,就不可能灭尽苦。比丘们,如果对覆恼正確了知、遍知、令心离染、舍断,就能够灭尽苦。这便是世尊所说的义理。对此,是这样说的:
‘‘Makkhaṃ, bhikkhave, anabhijānaṃ aparijānaṃ tattha cittaṃ avirājayaṃ appajahaṃ abhabbo dukkhakkhayāya. Makkhañca kho, bhikkhave, abhijānaṃ parijānaṃ tattha cittaṃ virājayaṃ pajahaṃ bhabbo dukkhakkhayāyā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
97因为那覆恼,众生被覆藏起来的过失而走向恶趣;
‘‘Yena makkhena makkhāse, sattā gacchanti duggatiṃ;
98有观照的人,正確了知那覆恼后,便舍断它;
Taṃ makkhaṃ sammadaññāya, pajahanti vipassino;
99舍断之后,他们无论何时都不再回到这个世界。
Pahāya na punāyanti, imaṃ lokaṃ kudācana’’nti.
100这个义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第十经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Dasamaṃ.
101它的摄颂:
Tassuddānaṃ –
1024. 无明盖经
4. Avijjānīvaraṇasuttaṃ
14这是世尊所说、阿拉汉所说的,我是这样听到的——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
104“比丘们,我看不到还有其他任何一盖,像无明盖这样,覆盖了众生,让他们长久地流转、轮回。比丘们,确实是被无明盖覆盖着,众生才长久地流转、轮回。”这是世尊所说的义理。关于这一点,是这样说的:
‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekanīvaraṇampi samanupassāmi yena nīvaraṇena nivutā pajā dīgharattaṃ sandhāvanti saṃsaranti yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, avijjānīvaraṇaṃ . Avijjānīvaraṇena hi, bhikkhave, nivutā pajā dīgharattaṃ sandhāvanti saṃsarantī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
105“没有其他任何一法,能像这样覆盖众生,
‘‘Natthañño ekadhammopi, yenevaṃ nivutā pajā;
106让他们日夜不停地流转,如同被痴迷所笼罩。
Saṃsaranti ahorattaṃ, yathā mohena āvutā.
107“而那些彻底舍断了痴迷,击破了这黑暗之聚的人,
‘‘Ye ca mohaṃ pahantvāna, tamokhandhaṃ padālayuṃ;
108他们不再流转,因为他们不再有那个因了。”
Na te puna saṃsaranti, hetu tesaṃ na vijjatī’’ti.
109这意义也是世尊所说,我如是听闻。第六经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
1105. 渴爱结经
5. Taṇhāsaṃyojanasuttaṃ
15这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
112“诸比丘,除了渴爱结,我看不见任何其他的结缚,能让被它系着的众生这么长时间在轮回里流转、不停地出生死去。诸比丘,正是被渴爱结系着,众生才这么长时间在轮回里流转、不停地出生死去。” 这是世尊说的义理。关于这个义理,又这样说道:
‘‘Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, aññaṃ ekasaṃyojanampi samanupassāmi yena saṃyojanena saṃyuttā sattā dīgharattaṃ sandhāvanti saṃsaranti yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, taṇhāsaṃyojanaṃ . Taṇhāsaṃyojanena hi, bhikkhave, saṃyuttā sattā dīgharattaṃ sandhāvanti saṃsarantī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
113“一个人只要还把渴爱当同伴,在那漫长的旅途中,他就一直在轮回里打转;
‘‘Taṇhādutiyo puriso, dīghamaddhāna saṃsaraṃ;
114无论变成这种样子,还是变成那种样子,他都越不过那没完没了的生死流转。
Itthabhāvaññathābhāvaṃ , saṃsāraṃ nātivattati.
115“看清了这种过患,知道渴爱正是苦的源头,
‘‘Etamādīnavaṃ ñatvā, taṇhaṃ dukkhassa sambhavaṃ;
116比丘就该断离渴爱,不再抓取任何东西,带着正念走上修行之路。”
Vītataṇho anādāno, sato bhikkhu paribbaje’’ti.
117这个义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第四经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Catutthaṃ.
1186. 第一有学经
6. Paṭhamasekhasuttaṃ
16这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
120“比丘们,对于有学的比丘,他尚未达到心的圆满,正安住于对无上安稳的渴求。若作为内在因素而言,我不见其他任何一法能像如理作意那样带来这么多助益。比丘们,比丘如理作意,便能舍断不善,修习善。” 世尊宣说了这个义理。关于此,又有如是说:
‘‘Sekhassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno appattamānasassa anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ patthayamānassa viharato ajjhattikaṃ aṅganti karitvā nāññaṃ ekaṅgampi samanupassāmi yaṃ evaṃ bahūpakāraṃ yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, yoniso manasikāro. Yoniso, bhikkhave, bhikkhu manasi karonto akusalaṃ pajahati , kusalaṃ bhāvetī’’ti . Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
121“如理作意,是有学比丘的一法;
‘‘Yoniso manasikāro, dhammo sekhassa bhikkhuno;
122没有其他法如此多助益,为证得最上义;
Natthañño evaṃ bahukāro, uttamatthassa pattiyā;
123比丘如理地精勤,便能到达苦的灭尽。”
Yoniso padahaṃ bhikkhu, khayaṃ dukkhassa pāpuṇe’’ti.
124这个道理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第二经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Dutiyaṃ.
1257. 第二有学经
7. Dutiyasekhasuttaṃ
17这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
127诸比丘,对于一位有学比丘——他尚未达到心解脱,正安住于渴望无上离轭安稳——除了外在条件,我看不出有别的单一条件能有这么大的利益,那就是善友。诸比丘,有了善友的比丘,就会舍断不善,修习善。世尊说了这个意义。关于这个意义,这样说:
‘‘Sekhassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno appattamānasassa anuttaraṃ yogakkhemaṃ patthayamānassa viharato bāhiraṃ aṅganti karitvā nāññaṃ ekaṅgampi samanupassāmi yaṃ evaṃ bahūpakāraṃ yathayidaṃ, bhikkhave, kalyāṇamittatā. Kalyāṇamitto, bhikkhave, bhikkhu akusalaṃ pajahati, kusalaṃ bhāvetī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
128比丘若有善友,恭敬又尊重,
‘‘Kalyāṇamitto yo bhikkhu, sappatisso sagāravo;
129行持朋友的教诫,正知、正念,
Karaṃ mittānaṃ vacanaṃ, sampajāno patissato;
130就能次第达到,一切结缚灭尽。
Pāpuṇe anupubbena, sabbasaṃyojanakkhaya’’nti.
131这个义理也是世尊说的,如是我闻。第二。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Dutiyaṃ.
1328. 破僧经
8. Saṅghabhedasuttaṃ
18这是世尊所说、阿拉汉所说,如是我闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
134“比丘们,有一个法,当它在世间出现时,会带来很多人的不幸、很多人的不乐,会给很多人、天神和人类带来损害、不幸与痛苦。这个法是什么呢?就是僧团分裂。比丘们,僧团一旦分裂,就会相互争吵、相互辱骂、相互轻视、相互排斥。在那里,那些原本没有净信的人,会更加不信;而已经有净信的人,其中一部分也会改变心意。”这就是世尊所说。关于这个义理,有偈颂这样说:
‘‘Ekadhammo, bhikkhave, loke uppajjamāno uppajjati bahujanāhitāya bahujanāsukhāya bahuno janassa anatthāya ahitāya dukkhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katamo ekadhammo? Saṅghabhedo. Saṅghe kho pana, bhikkhave, bhinne aññamaññaṃ bhaṇḍanāni ceva honti, aññamaññaṃ paribhāsā ca honti , aññamaññaṃ parikkhepā ca honti, aññamaññaṃ pariccajanā ca honti. Tattha appasannā ceva nappasīdanti, pasannānañca ekaccānaṃ aññathattaṃ hotī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
135“分裂僧团者堕入恶趣、堕入地狱,停留一劫;
‘‘Āpāyiko nerayiko, kappaṭṭho saṅghabhedako;
136喜欢另立团伙、住于非法的人,会破坏那份安稳;
Vaggārāmo adhammaṭṭho, yogakkhemā padhaṃsati ;
137破坏和合的僧团之后,他便在地狱中受报一劫。”
Saṅghaṃ samaggaṃ bhetvāna , kappaṃ nirayamhi paccatī’’ti.
138这意义也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第二经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Dutiyaṃ.
1399. 僧团和合经
9. Saṅghasāmaggīsuttaṃ
19这是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,如是我闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
141比丘们,世间有一法生起时,是为了众人的利益、众人的安乐,为众多人天带来福利、利益与安乐。哪一法呢?僧众和合。比丘们,僧团和合时,就没有相互争吵,没有相互辱骂,没有相互指责,没有相互排斥。在那里,未净信者生起净信,已净信者更加增长。这是世尊所说。于此,如是被说:
‘‘Ekadhammo, bhikkhave, loke uppajjamāno uppajjati bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya bahuno janassa atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katamo ekadhammo ? Saṅghasāmaggī. Saṅghe kho pana, bhikkhave, samagge na ceva aññamaññaṃ bhaṇḍanāni honti, na ca aññamaññaṃ paribhāsā honti, na ca aññamaññaṃ parikkhepā honti, na ca aññamaññaṃ pariccajanā honti. Tattha appasannā ceva pasīdanti, pasannānañca bhiyyobhāvo hotī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
142僧团和合是快乐的,护持和合者也是快乐的;
‘‘Sukhā saṅghassa sāmaggī, samaggānañcanuggaho;
143乐于和合、安住于法的人,不会从安稳中退堕;
Samaggarato dhammaṭṭho, yogakkhemā na dhaṃsati;
144让僧团和合之后,他在天界中喜悦一劫。
Saṅghaṃ samaggaṃ katvāna, kappaṃ saggamhi modatī’’ti.
145这个义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第七经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Sattamaṃ.
14610. 恶心经
10. Paduṭṭhacittasuttaṃ
20这是世尊所说、阿拉汉所说,如是我闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
148“比丘们,在这里,我以心透彻地了知某个心邪恶的人:‘如果这个人在此时死去,就会像被扔进地狱一样。’那是什么原因?比丘们,因为他的心是邪恶的。比丘们,正是由于心的邪恶,一些众生在身体破裂、死后,会重生在恶趣、苦界、堕处、地狱。”世尊说了这个意思。在那里,这被说为:
‘‘Idhāhaṃ, bhikkhave, ekaccaṃ puggalaṃ paduṭṭhacittaṃ evaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāmi – ‘imamhi cāyaṃ samaye puggalo kālaṅkareyya yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye’. Taṃ kissa hetu? Cittaṃ hissa, bhikkhave, paduṭṭhaṃ. Cetopadosahetu kho pana, bhikkhave, evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjantī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
149知道这里某个人的邪恶心,
‘‘Paduṭṭhacittaṃ ñatvāna, ekaccaṃ idha puggalaṃ;
150佛陀在比丘们面前,说明了这个义理。
Etamatthañca byākāsi, buddho bhikkhūna santike.
151在这个时刻,如果这个人能把握好时机,
‘‘Imamhi cāyaṃ samaye, kālaṃ kayirātha puggalo;
152因为他的心被染污,他会投生地狱。
Nirayaṃ upapajjeyya, cittaṃ hissa padūsitaṃ.
153就像搬运东西,然后放下一样,这样的人也是如此;
‘‘Yathā haritvā nikkhipeyya, evameva tathāvidho;
154正是由于心的嗔恨,众生才堕入恶道。
Cetopadosahetu hi, sattā gacchanti duggati’’nti.
155此义也是世尊所说,我如是听闻。第十经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Dasamaṃ.
156其摄颂:
Tassuddānaṃ –
157第二品完
Dutiyo vaggo niṭṭhito.
158其摄颂——
Tassuddānaṃ –
159愚痴、愤怒、覆藏,明、渴爱,以及有学的两经;
Moho kodho atha makkho, vijjā taṇhā sekhaduve ca;
160破坏和合的人,被称为分裂者,这是第二品所说。
Bhedo sāmaggipuggalo , vaggamāhu dutiyanti vuccatīti.
161第三品
3. Tatiyavaggo
1623. 第三品
3. Tatiyavaggo
1631. 净信心经
1. Pasannacittasuttaṃ
21这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
165“诸比丘,在此,我以心熟知心后,这样了知某个人:‘如果这个人在此刻死去,他会像被放置一样,就如此生于天界。’为什么?诸比丘,因为他的心净信。诸比丘,正是因为心净信,这里有些众生在身坏命终后,会投生到善趣、天界。”世尊讲说了这个义理。在此,这被如是说——
‘‘Idhāhaṃ, bhikkhave, ekaccaṃ puggalaṃ pasannacittaṃ evaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāmi – ‘imamhi cāyaṃ samaye puggalo kālaṃ kareyya yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge’. Taṃ kissa hetu? Cittaṃ hissa, bhikkhave, pasannaṃ. Cetopasādahetu kho pana, bhikkhave, evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjantī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
166“知道这里有某个人,心是净信的;
‘‘Pasannacittaṃ ñatvāna, ekaccaṃ idha puggalaṃ;
167佛陀在比丘们面前,解释了这个意思,
Etamatthañca byākāsi, buddho bhikkhūna santike.
168如果这个人在此时死去,
‘‘Imamhi cāyaṃ samaye, kālaṃ kayirātha puggalo;
169那他就能投生到善趣,因为他的心已得清净。
Sugatiṃ upapajjeyya, cittaṃ hissa pasāditaṃ.
170就像偷了东西又把它放下,那样的人也是如此;
‘‘Yathā haritvā nikkhipeyya, evameva tathāvidho;
171正是因为内心的净信,众生才能前往善趣。
Cetopasādahetu hi, sattā gacchanti suggati’’nti.
172这个义理也是世尊所说,我这样听闻。第一品。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Paṭhamaṃ.
1732. 慈经
2. Mettasuttaṃ
22这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,如是我闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
175“比丘们,不要害怕福德。比丘们,福德就是快乐、可爱、可意、适意的同义词。比丘们,我确实记得,长久以来所行的福德,我曾享受到可爱、可意、适意的果报。我修习了七年慈心,在七个坏劫和成劫中,我再也不曾来到这个世间。比丘们,在劫坏之时,我投生到光音天;在劫成之时,我投生到空梵宫。”
‘‘Mā, bhikkhave, puññānaṃ bhāyittha . Sukhassetaṃ, bhikkhave, adhivacanaṃ iṭṭhassa kantassa piyassa manāpassa yadidaṃ puññāni . Abhijānāmi kho panāhaṃ, bhikkhave, dīgharattaṃ katānaṃ puññānaṃ iṭṭhaṃ kantaṃ piyaṃ manāpaṃ vipākaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ. Satta vassāni mettacittaṃ bhāvetvā satta saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe nayimaṃ lokaṃ punarāgamāsiṃ. Saṃvaṭṭamāne sudaṃ, bhikkhave, kappe ābhassarūpago homi; vivaṭṭamāne kappe suññaṃ brahmavimānaṃ upapajjāmi.
176“在那里,比丘们,我成为梵天、大梵天、征服者、不被征服者、遍见一切者、自在主。比丘们,我还三十六次成为帝释天,也就是诸天之王;又有数百次成为转轮王,以法为准则的法王,征服四方,国境安稳,具足七宝。更不必说做地方小王了!”
‘‘Tatra sudaṃ, bhikkhave, brahmā homi mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī. Chattiṃsakkhattuṃ kho panāhaṃ, bhikkhave, sakko ahosiṃ devānamindo; anekasatakkhattuṃ rājā ahosiṃ cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato. Ko pana vādo padesarajjassa!
177“比丘们,那时我心想:‘这到底是我什么业的结果,什么业的果报,让我如今拥有如此大的神力、如此大的威力?’比丘们,我心想:‘这是三种业的结果,三种业的果报,布施、调御、自制,让我如今拥有如此大的神力和威力。’”
‘‘Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, etadahosi – ‘kissa nu kho me idaṃ kammassa phalaṃ, kissa kammassa vipāko, yenāhaṃ etarahi evaṃmahiddhiko evaṃmahānubhāvo’ti? Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, etadahosi – ‘tiṇṇaṃ kho me idaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ, tiṇṇaṃ kammānaṃ vipāko, yenāhaṃ etarahi evaṃmahiddhiko evaṃmahānubhāvoti, seyyathidaṃ – dānassa, damassa, saññamassā’’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
178“一个人应该修习福,它能带来高远果报,能生出快乐;
‘‘Puññameva so sikkheyya, āyataggaṃ sukhudrayaṃ;
179应该修习布施、正直行,以及慈心。
Dānañca samacariyañca, mettacittañca bhāvaye.
180“修习了这些法,便是三种快乐的生起之源。”
‘‘Ete dhamme bhāvayitvā, tayo sukhasamuddaye ;
181智者会投生到没有烦恼的快乐世界。
Abyāpajjhaṃ sukhaṃ lokaṃ, paṇḍito upapajjatī’’ti.
182这个道理也是世尊说过的,我是这样听到的。第十经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Dasamaṃ.
183摄颂:
Tassuddānaṃ –
1843. 两义经
3. Ubhayatthasuttaṃ
23这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
186比丘们,有一法,修习、多修习之后,能兼顾两种利益而安住:现世的利益和来世的利益。哪一法?于善法的不放逸。比丘们,就是这一法,修习、多修习之后,能兼顾两种利益而安住:现世的利益和来世的利益。这是世尊所说的义理。关于这个义理,是这样说的:
‘‘Ekadhammo , bhikkhave, bhāvito bahulīkato ubho atthe samadhigayha tiṭṭhati – diṭṭhadhammikañceva atthaṃ samparāyikañca. Katamo ekadhammo? Appamādo kusalesu dhammesu. Ayaṃ kho, bhikkhave, ekadhammo bhāvito bahulīkato ubho atthe samadhigayha tiṭṭhati – diṭṭhadhammikañceva atthaṃ samparāyikañcā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
187智者在种种福德业中,称赞不放逸;
‘‘Appamādaṃ pasaṃsanti, puññakiriyāsu paṇḍitā;
188不放逸的智者,获得两种利益。
Appamatto ubho atthe, adhigaṇhāti paṇḍito.
189现世的利益和来世的利益,
‘‘Diṭṭhe dhamme ca yo attho, yo cattho samparāyiko;
190能通达这两种利益的智者,才被称为贤者。
Atthābhisamayā dhīro, paṇḍitoti pavuccatī’’ti.
191这个义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第五。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Pañcamaṃ.
1924. 骨聚经
4. Aṭṭhipuñjasuttaṃ
24诸比丘,有两种白法守护着世间。哪两种呢?是惭与愧。诸比丘,如果这两种白法不守护这世间,那么,这里就不会有所谓“母亲”、“姨母”、“舅母”、“师母”或“尊长之妻”这样的称呼了。世间将陷入混乱,就像羊、鸡、猪、狗、豺狼一样。诸比丘,正因为这两种白法守护世间,所以才有所谓“母亲”、“姨母”、“舅母”、“师母”和“尊长之妻”这样的称呼。
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
194比丘们,一个人流转轮回一劫,他留下的骨堆、骨聚、骨积,如果有收集者,而且收集起来的东西不坏灭,会像这毘富罗山那样巨大。世尊说了这个义理。关于这个义理,是这样说的:
‘‘Ekapuggalassa, bhikkhave, kappaṃ sandhāvato saṃsarato siyā evaṃ mahā aṭṭhikaṅkalo aṭṭhipuñjo aṭṭhirāsi yathāyaṃ vepullo pabbatoः sace saṃhārako assa, sambhatañca na vinasseyyā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
195只以一劫来说,一个人的骨堆,
‘‘Ekassekena kappena, puggalassaṭṭhisañcayo;
196可能有一座山一样大的骨堆,这是大圣者所说。
Siyā pabbatasamo rāsi, iti vuttaṃ mahesinā.
197然而,这就是所说的那座广大的山——广大的山。
‘‘So kho panāyaṃ akkhāto, vepullo pabbato mahā;
198它在鹫峰山以北,在马嘎塔国的山围之中。
Uttaro gijjhakūṭassa, magadhānaṃ giribbaje.
199当一个人以正慧看见圣谛时,
‘‘Yato ca ariyasaccāni, sammappaññāya passati;
200苦、苦的生起、苦的超越,
Dukkhaṃ dukkhasamuppādaṃ, dukkhassa ca atikkamaṃ;
201以及导向苦的止息的圣八支道。
Ariyañcaṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ, dukkhūpasamagāminaṃ.
202“这个人最多再流转七次,
‘‘Sa sattakkhattuṃ paramaṃ, sandhāvitvāna puggalo;
203在生死中彻底终结痛苦,因为断尽一切结缚。”
Dukkhassantakaro hoti, sabbasaṃyojanakkhayā’’ti.
204这确实是世尊所说、是阿拉汉所说,如是我闻——
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Catutthaṃ.
2055. 妄语经
5. Musāvādasuttaṃ
25这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
207“诸比丘,对于犯了一种过失的人,我说他没有什么恶业是不能做的。哪一种过失呢?诸比丘,就是明知故犯地妄语。”世尊宣说了这个义理。对此,这是这样说的——
‘‘Ekadhammaṃ atītassa, bhikkhave, purisapuggalassa nāhaṃ tassa kiñci pāpakammaṃ akaraṇīyanti vadāmi. Katamaṃ ekadhammaṃ? Yadidaṃ bhikkhave, sampajānamusāvādo’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
208“对于犯了一种过失的人——妄语者,
‘‘Ekadhammaṃ atītassa, musāvādissa jantuno;
209对于已超越来世的人来说,没有什么是不能做的恶事了。
Vitiṇṇaparalokassa, natthi pāpaṃ akāriya’’nti.
210这意义也是世尊所说,我这样听闻。第六经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
2116. 布施经
6. Dānasuttaṃ
26这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
213“比丘们,如果众生能像我一样知道布施与分享的果报,他们就不会在没有布施的情况下吃东西,吝啬的垢染也不会占据他们的心。即使他们只剩最后一口食物、最后一口饭,只要还有接受者,他们也决不会不分享就吃。然而,比丘们,正因为众生不像我那样知道布施与分享的果报,所以他们不布施就吃,吝啬的垢染便占据他们的心。”世尊讲说了这个义理。对此,又这样说道:
‘‘Evañce, bhikkhave, sattā jāneyyuṃ dānasaṃvibhāgassa vipākaṃ yathāhaṃ jānāmi, na adatvā bhuñjeyyuṃ, na ca nesaṃ maccheramalaṃ cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭheyya. Yopi nesaṃ assa carimo ālopo carimaṃ kabaḷaṃ, tatopi na asaṃvibhajitvā bhuñjeyyuṃ, sace nesaṃ paṭiggāhakā assu. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, sattā na evaṃ jānanti dānasaṃvibhāgassa vipākaṃ yathāhaṃ jānāmi, tasmā adatvā bhuñjanti, maccheramalañca nesaṃ cittaṃ pariyādāya tiṭṭhatī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
214“如果众生能像大仙所说的那样知道,
‘‘Evaṃ ce sattā jāneyyuṃ, yathāvuttaṃ mahesinā;
215分享的果报,如同它所具有的大果报那样,
Vipākaṃ saṃvibhāgassa, yathā hoti mahapphalaṃ.
216调伏了悭吝的垢秽,以清净明澈的心,
‘‘Vineyya maccheramalaṃ, vippasannena cetasā;
217适时地向圣者们布施——那样的布施才有大果报。
Dajjuṃ kālena ariyesu, yattha dinnaṃ mahapphalaṃ.
218向众多应受供养者,给出食物作为供养;
‘‘Annañca datvā bahuno, dakkhiṇeyyesu dakkhiṇaṃ;
219布施者们从人界死去之后,转生到天界。
Ito cutā manussattā, saggaṃ gacchanti dāyakā.
220他们到了天界,在那里享受着种种欲乐,心满意足;
‘‘Te ca saggagatā tattha, modanti kāmakāmino;
221不吝啬的人们,就这样体验着分享布施所带来的果报。
Vipākaṃ saṃvibhāgassa, anubhonti amaccharā’’ti.
222这个义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第七经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Sattamaṃ.
2237. 慈心修习经
7. Mettābhāvanāsuttaṃ
27我这样听闻:这是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
225“比丘们,任何物质性的福德事,所有这些,都不及慈心解脱的十六分之一。那慈心解脱,将它们都统摄、超越之后,独自闪耀、照亮、发光。
‘‘Yāni kānici, bhikkhave, opadhikāni puññakiriyavatthūni sabbāni tāni mettāya cetovimuttiyā kalaṃ nāgghanti soḷasiṃ. Mettāyeva tāni cetovimutti adhiggahetvā bhāsate ca tapate ca virocati ca.
226“比丘们,就像所有星辰的光芒,都不及月光的十六分之一,那月光将它们都统摄、超越之后,独自闪耀、照亮、发光;同样地,比丘们,任何物质性的福德事,所有这些,都不及慈心解脱的十六分之一,那慈心解脱,将它们都统摄、超越之后,独自闪耀、照亮、发光。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, yā kāci tārakarūpānaṃ pabhā sabbā tā candiyā pabhāya kalaṃ nāgghanti soḷasiṃ, candapabhāyeva tā adhiggahetvā bhāsate ca tapate ca virocati ca; evameva kho, bhikkhave, yāni kānici opadhikāni puññakiriyavatthūni sabbāni tāni mettāya cetovimuttiyā kalaṃ nāgghanti soḷasiṃ, mettāyeva tāni cetovimutti adhiggahetvā bhāsate ca tapate ca virocati ca.
227“比丘们,就像在雨季最后一个月秋天的时节,天空晴朗无云,太阳升上高空,将整个天空与大地的一切全都遍照之后,独自闪耀、照亮、发光;同样地,比丘们,任何物质性的福德事,所有这些,都不及慈心解脱的十六分之一,那慈心解脱,将它们都统摄、超越之后,独自闪耀、照亮、发光。
‘‘Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, vassānaṃ pacchime māse saradasamaye viddhe vigatavalāhake deve ādicco nabhaṃ abbhussakkamāno sabbaṃ ākāsagataṃ tamagataṃ abhivihacca bhāsate ca tapate ca virocati ca; evameva kho, bhikkhave, yāni kānici opadhikāni puññakiriyavatthūni sabbāni tāni mettāya cetovimuttiyā kalaṃ nāgghanti soḷasiṃ, mettāyeva tāni cetovimutti adhiggahetvā bhāsate ca tapate ca virocati ca.
228“比丘们,就像在黎明时分,晨星独自闪耀、照亮、发光;同样地,比丘们,任何物质性的福德事,所有这些,都不及慈心解脱的十六分之一,那慈心解脱,将它们都统摄、超越之后,独自闪耀、照亮、发光。”世尊宣说了这个义理。对于这个义理,在此是这么说的:
‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, rattiyā paccūsasamayaṃ osadhitārakā bhāsate ca tapate ca virocati ca; evameva kho, bhikkhave, yāni kānici opadhikāni puññakiriyavatthūni sabbāni tāni mettāya cetovimuttiyā kalaṃ nāgghanti soḷasiṃ , mettāyeva tāni cetovimutti adhiggahetvā bhāsate ca tapate ca virocati cā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
229发展无量慈心的人,保持正念。
‘‘Yo ca mettaṃ bhāvayati, appamāṇaṃ paṭissato;
230当他看见执取的灭尽时,结就变得微弱。
Tanū saṃyojanā honti, passato upadhikkhayaṃ.
231即使只对一个众生,以无恶意的心修习慈爱,他因此成为善巧者。
‘‘Ekampi ce pāṇamaduṭṭhacitto, mettāyati kusalo tena hoti;
232若对所有众生内心充满同情,这样的圣者造作广大福德。
Sabbe ca pāṇe manasānukampaṃ, pahūtamariyo pakaroti puññaṃ.
233那些征服了充满众生的大地之后,诸多国王参加祭祀并巡行。
‘‘Ye sattasaṇḍaṃ pathaviṃ vijitvā, rājisayo yajamānānupariyagā;
234马祭、人祭、掷棒祭、酒祭,以及无阻祭。
Assamedhaṃ purisamedhaṃ, sammāpāsaṃ vājapeyyaṃ niraggaḷaṃ.
235善修慈心的人,其他功德的十六分之一都赶不上他。
‘‘Mettassa cittassa subhāvitassa, kalampi te nānubhavanti soḷasiṃ;
236就像月亮的光辉,胜过所有星群。
Candappabhā tāragaṇāva sabbe.
237他不杀害,也不教人杀害;不征服,也不教人征服。
‘‘Yo na hanti na ghāteti, na jināti na jāpaye;
238对一切众生心怀慈爱的人,与任何人都没有怨仇。
Mettaṃso sabbabhūtesu, veraṃ tassa na kenacī’’ti.
239这一义理也是世尊所说,我如是听闻。第七经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Sattamaṃ.
240它的摄颂:
Tassuddānaṃ –
241第三品完
Tatiyo vaggo niṭṭhito.
242其摄颂——
Tassuddānaṃ –
243心与慈心两者的利益,就像堆积的大山一样广大。
Cittaṃ mettaṃ ubho atthe, puñjaṃ vepullapabbataṃ;
244故意妄语,以及布施和慈心修习。
Sampajānamusāvādo, dānañca mettabhāvanā .
245这七个经,加上前面的二十个。
Sattimāni ca suttāni, purimāni ca vīsati;
246在一法品中的这些经,一共是二十七经。
Ekadhammesu suttantā, sattavīsatisaṅgahāti.
247第一品
1. Paṭhamavaggo
248一集完
Ekakanipāto niṭṭhito.
2492. 二集
2. Dukanipāto
2501. 第一品
1. Paṭhamavaggo
2511. 苦住经
1. Dukkhavihārasuttaṃ
28(二法增上)这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,如是我闻——
(Dve dhamme anukkaṭi) vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
253“比丘们,具备二法的比丘,就在今生就能快乐地生活,没有困扰,没有焦虑,没有热恼;身体坏灭、死后,可以期待投生善趣。是哪二法呢?在根门上善于守护,以及在饮食上知道适量。比丘们,正是具备这二法的比丘,就在今生就能快乐地生活,没有困扰,没有焦虑,没有热恼;身体坏灭、死后,可以期待投生善趣。”世尊宣说了这个义理。关于这个义理,它是这样说的——
‘‘Dvīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu diṭṭheva dhamme sukhaṃ viharati avighātaṃ anupāyāsaṃ apariḷāhaṃ; kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugati pāṭikaṅkhā . Katamehi dvīhi? Indriyesu guttadvāratāya ca, bhojane mattaññutāya ca. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, dvīhi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu diṭṭheva dhamme sukhaṃ viharati avighātaṃ anupāyāsaṃ apariḷāhaṃ; kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugati pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
254“眼、耳,还有鼻,舌、身,以及意;
‘‘Cakkhu sotañca ghānañca, jivhā kāyo tathā mano;
255如果一位比丘在这里,这些根门不防护——
Etāni yassa dvārāni, aguttānidha bhikkhuno.
256“饮食上不知量,感官上不收摄;
‘‘Bhojanamhi amattaññū, indriyesu asaṃvuto;
257他就会遭受身体苦、心理苦,种种苦。
Kāyadukkhaṃ cetodukkhaṃ, dukkhaṃ so adhigacchati.
258“身体被烧着,心也被烧着——
‘‘Ḍayhamānena kāyena, ḍayhamānena cetasā;
259像那样的人,无论白天还是夜晚,都活得痛苦。
Divā vā yadi vā rattiṃ, dukkhaṃ viharati tādiso’’ti.
260这个义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第一经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Paṭhamaṃ.
2612. 乐住经
2. Sukhavihārasuttaṃ
29这是世尊所说、阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
263“比丘们,一个比丘具备两种法,在现世就会活得痛苦——带着焦躁、带着忧恼、带着内在燃烧;身体破裂、死后,可以预期他会去恶趣。哪两种法?对感官根门不防护,以及饮食不知量。比丘们,正是具备这两种法,比丘在现世就活得痛苦——带着焦躁、带着忧恼、带着内在燃烧;身体破裂、死后,可以预期他会去恶趣。”这是世尊所宣说的义理。对此,如是说道:
‘‘Dvīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhaṃ viharati savighātaṃ saupāyāsaṃ sapariḷāhaṃ; kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā duggati pāṭikaṅkhā. Katamehi dvīhi? Indriyesu aguttadvāratāya ca, bhojane amattaññutāya ca. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, dvīhi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhaṃ viharati savidhātaṃ saupāyāsaṃ sapariḷāhaṃ; kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā duggati pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
264“眼,以及耳与鼻,舌,身,还有意;
‘‘Cakkhu sotañca ghānañca, jivhā kāyo tathā mano;
265如果一位比丘,在这里善加守护这些根门,”
Etāni yassa dvārāni, suguttānidha bhikkhuno.
266于饮食知量,守护好诸根,
‘‘Bhojanamhi ca mattaññū, indriyesu ca saṃvuto;
267他获得身体的快乐与心的快乐,他得到快乐。
Kāyasukhaṃ cetosukhaṃ, sukhaṃ so adhigacchati.
268身体不被燃烧,心不被燃烧,
‘‘Aḍayhamānena kāyena, aḍayhamānena cetasā;
269这样的他,无论是白天还是夜晚,都安住于快乐。
Divā vā yadi vā rattiṃ, sukhaṃ viharati tādiso’’ti.
270此义也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第六经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
2713. 应悔经
3. Tapanīyasuttaṃ
30这是世尊所说、阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
273“比丘们,有这两种折磨人的法。哪两种?比丘们,这里有一种人,没做过好事,没做过有利益的事,没做过能给自己保护的事,却做了坏事,做了残酷的事,犯了罪过。他既因为‘我没做善事’而备受折磨,也因为‘我做了恶事’而备受折磨。比丘们,这就是两种折磨人的法。”这是世尊所说的义理。关于这件事,是这样说的:
‘‘Dveme, bhikkhave, dhammā tapanīyā. Katame dve? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco akatakalyāṇo hoti, akatakusalo, akatabhīruttāṇo, katapāpo, kataluddo, katakibbiso. So ‘akataṃ me kalyāṇa’ntipi tappati, ‘kataṃ me pāpa’ntipi tappati. Ime kho, bhikkhave, dve dhammā tapanīyā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
274“造作了身恶行,以及种种语恶行,
‘‘Kāyaduccaritaṃ katvā, vacīduccaritāni ca;
275造作了意恶行,还有其他一切与嗔恨相关的恶行。
Manoduccaritaṃ katvā, yañcaññaṃ dosasañhitaṃ.
276既没有做善业,又做了许多不善业,
‘‘Akatvā kusalaṃ kammaṃ, katvānākusalaṃ bahuṃ;
277身坏命终之后,这劣慧者便堕入地狱。”
Kāyassa bhedā duppañño, nirayaṃ sopapajjatī’’ti.
278此义也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第七经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Sattamaṃ.
2794. 不应悔经
4. Atapanīyasuttaṃ
31以下这含义,是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,如是我闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
281“诸比丘,有两种不会让人懊悔的法。哪两种?比丘们,在此,有人已做了善行,已修了福德,已做了防护,没有做恶事,没有做残忍事,没有做罪过事。他对自己‘我已做了善行’不会懊悔,对自己‘我没做恶事’也不会懊悔。比丘们,这就是两种不会让人懊悔的法。”世尊宣说了这个义理。关于此,如是而说:——
‘‘Dveme, bhikkhave, dhammā atapanīyā. Katame dve? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco katakalyāṇo hoti, katakusalo, katabhīruttāṇo, akatapāpo, akataluddo, akatakibbiso. So ‘kataṃ me kalyāṇa’ntipi na tappati, ‘akataṃ me pāpa’ntipi na tappati. Ime kho, bhikkhave, dve dhammā atapanīyā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
282舍断身恶行,以及语恶行,
‘‘Kāyaduccaritaṃ hitvā, vacīduccaritāni ca;
283舍断意恶行,及诸过失事;
Manoduccaritaṃ hitvā, yañcaññaṃ dosasañhitaṃ.
284不行不善业,广行诸善业,
‘‘Akatvākusalaṃ kammaṃ, katvāna kusalaṃ bahuṃ;
285当身体破裂后,有智慧的人便投生到天上。”
Kāyassa bhedā sappañño, saggaṃ so upapajjatī’’ti.
286这个义理也是世尊所说的,如是我闻。第四。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Catutthaṃ.
2875. 第一戒经
5. Paṭhamasīlasuttaṃ
32这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
289“比丘们,具备两种法的人,就像被带来扔进去一样落在地狱。哪两种?恶戒和恶见。比丘们,正是具备这两种法的人,就像被带来扔进去一样落在地狱。”世尊说了这个义理。在这里,这样说:
‘‘Dvīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato puggalo yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye. Katamehi dvīhi? Pāpakena ca sīlena, pāpikāya ca diṭṭhiyā. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, dvīhi dhammehi samannāgato puggalo yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ niraye’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
290“凭着恶戒与恶见,
‘‘Pāpakena ca sīlena, pāpikāya ca diṭṭhiyā;
291若人具备这两种法,
Etehi dvīhi dhammehi, yo samannāgato naro;
292这样的无智者身坏命终之后,就会投生到地狱。”
Kāyassa bhedā duppañño, nirayaṃ sopapajjatī’’ti .
293这个义理也是世尊所说,这是我所听闻。第八。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
2946. 第二戒经
6. Dutiyasīlasuttaṃ
33以下内容是由世尊、阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
296“诸比丘,一个人如果具备两法,就会像被抬着一样被安置在天上。哪两法?善戒和善见。诸比丘,一个人具备这两法,就会像被抬着一样被安置在天上。”这是世尊所说的义理。对此,这样说道:
‘‘Dvīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato puggalo yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge. Katamehi dvīhi ? Bhaddakena ca sīlena, bhaddikāya ca diṭṭhiyā. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, dvīhi dhammehi samannāgato puggalo yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
297“以善戒和善见,
‘‘Bhaddakena ca sīlena, bhaddikāya ca diṭṭhiyā;
298具备这两法的人,
Etehi dvīhi dhammehi, yo samannāgato naro;
299身体坏灭之后,有智慧的人会投生到天界。
Kāyassa bhedā sappañño, saggaṃ so upapajjatī’’ti.
300这个义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第五经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Pañcamaṃ.
3017. 热诚经
7. Ātāpīsuttaṃ
34这是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
303“比丘们,如果一个比丘没有精进、没有悚惧,他就没有能力达到正觉,没有能力达到涅槃,没有能力证得无上的安稳解脱。而比丘们,如果一个比丘精进、有悚惧,他就有能力达到正觉,有能力达到涅槃,有能力证得无上的安稳解脱。”世尊说了这个意义。关于这个意义,是这么说的:
‘‘Anātāpī, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anottāpī abhabbo sambodhāya, abhabbo nibbānāya, abhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāya. Ātāpī ca kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ottāpī bhabbo sambodhāya, bhabbo nibbānāya, bhabbo anuttarassa yogakkhemassa adhigamāyā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca . Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
304“缺乏精进、没有悚惧,这个人懒散、活力低微;
‘‘Anātāpī anottāpī, kusīto hīnavīriyo;
305他满是昏沉和睡眠,没有羞耻,不懂尊重;
Yo thīnamiddhabahulo, ahirīko anādaro;
306像这样的比丘,没有能力触证那最殊胜的正觉。”
Abhabbo tādiso bhikkhu, phuṭṭhuṃ sambodhimuttamaṃ.
307有念、聪慧、修禅那的人,热忱、有惭、不放逸;
‘‘Yo ca satimā nipako jhāyī, ātāpī ottāpī ca appamatto;
308斩断那导致生与老的结缚后,就在此世触证无上的正觉。
Saṃyojanaṃ jātijarāya chetvā, idheva sambodhimanuttaraṃ phuse’’ti.
309这个义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第三经。”
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Tatiyaṃ.
3108. 第一不诈经
8. Paṭhamanakuhanasuttaṃ
35此事是由世尊所说,是由阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
312“比丘们,修习这梵行,不是为了欺骗他人,不是为了取悦他人,不是为了获取利养、恭敬、名声、赞誉的利益,也不是为了心里想:‘让人们这样知道我。’比丘们,修习这梵行,正是为了正确了知,为了遍知。”这是世尊所说的义理。关于这个义理,是这样说的:
‘‘Nayidaṃ, bhikkhave, brahmacariyaṃ vussati janakuhanatthaṃ, na janalapanatthaṃ, na lābhasakkārasilokānisaṃsatthaṃ, na ‘iti maṃ jano jānātū’ti. Atha kho idaṃ, bhikkhave, brahmacariyaṃ vussati abhiññatthañceva pariññatthañcā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
313“为了自制,为了舍断,这梵行不是传闻而来的;
‘‘Saṃvaratthaṃ pahānatthaṃ, brahmacariyaṃ anītihaṃ;
314那位世尊教导了它,是通往潜入涅槃的道路。
Adesayi so bhagavā, nibbānogadhagāminaṃ.
315这条道路,大人们曾经追随,大圣者们曾经追随;
‘‘Esa maggo mahattehi , anuyāto mahesibhi ;
316凡是依照佛陀所教导的那样,去实践这条路的人,
Ye ye taṃ paṭipajjanti, yathā buddhena desitaṃ;
317他们这些奉行导师教诫的人,将会造作苦的终结。”
Dukkhassantaṃ karissanti, satthusāsanakārino’’ti.
318这个义理也是世尊所说,我如是听闻。第一经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Paṭhamaṃ.
3199. 第二不诈经
9. Dutiyanakuhanasuttaṃ
36这是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
321“比丘们,这梵行生活不是为了欺骗人们,不是为了逢迎人们,不是为了利养、恭敬、名声、赞誉的利益,也不是为了‘让人们这样知道我’。比丘们,这梵行生活的确是为了自制与舍断的目的。”世尊宣说了这个义理。关于此,如是说:
‘‘Nayidaṃ, bhikkhave, brahmacariyaṃ vussati janakuhanatthaṃ, na janalapanatthaṃ, na lābhasakkārasilokānisaṃsatthaṃ, na ‘iti maṃ jano jānātū’ti. Atha kho idaṃ, bhikkhave , brahmacariyaṃ vussati saṃvaratthañceva pahānatthañcā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
322“为了正确了知,为了遍知,这梵行不是道听途说;
‘‘Abhiññatthaṃ pariññatthaṃ, brahmacariyaṃ anītihaṃ;
323那位世尊指出了导向涅槃的道路。
Adesayi so bhagavā, nibbānogadhagāminaṃ.
324“这条路,被那些伟大的人追随,被那些大仙人践行;
‘‘Esa maggo mahattehi, anuyāto mahesibhi;
325凡是谁遵循它,按照佛陀所教导的方式,
Ye ye taṃ paṭipajjanti, yathā buddhena desitaṃ;
326他们将会终结苦,成为导师教诫的实行者。
Dukkhassantaṃ karissanti, satthusāsanakārino’’ti.
327这一义理也是世尊所说,我如是听闻。第十经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Dasamaṃ.
32810. 喜悦经
10. Somanassasuttaṃ
37这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
330“比丘们,具足二法的比丘,在现法当中多住于快乐与喜悦,并且他漏尽的根源被启动了。哪二法呢?在能引发紧迫感的事处生起紧迫感,并对已生起紧迫感的状况进行如理精勤。比丘们,正是具足这二法的比丘,在现法当中多住于快乐与喜悦,并且他漏尽的根源被启动。”世尊讲说了这个义理。在这里,对此如是说:
‘‘Dvīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu diṭṭheva dhamme sukhasomanassabahulo viharati, yoni cassa āraddhā hoti āsavānaṃ khayāya. Katamehi dvīhi? Saṃvejanīyesu ṭhānesu saṃvejanena, saṃviggassa ca yoniso padhānena. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, dvīhi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu diṭṭheva dhamme sukhasomanassabahulo viharati, yoni cassa āraddhā hoti āsavānaṃ khayāyā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
331“在能引发紧迫感的事处,智者确实应生起紧迫感;
‘‘Saṃvejanīyaṭṭhānesu , saṃvijjetheva paṇḍito;
332精勤、聪慧的比丘,以智慧全面观照后,
Ātāpī nipako bhikkhu, paññāya samavekkhiya.
333如此而住、精勤、生活寂静、不浮动的(比丘),
‘‘Evaṃ vihārī ātāpī, santavutti anuddhato;
334致力于心寂止的修行者,能触达苦的灭尽。
Cetosamathamanuyutto, khayaṃ dukkhassa pāpuṇe’’ti.
335这一义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第三经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Tatiyaṃ.
336第一品完
Paṭhamo vaggo niṭṭhito.
337其摄颂——
Tassuddānaṃ –
338二比丘经、苦迫经,与他人的苦迫;
Dve ca bhikkhū tapanīyā, tapanīyā paratthehi;
339精进者、不奸诈者二经,以及喜悦经,这些合为十经。
Ātāpī nakuhanā dve , somanassena te dasāti.
340第二品
2. Dutiyavaggo
341第二品
2. Dutiyavaggo
3421. 寻经
1. Vitakkasuttaṃ
38这是世尊所说、阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
344“比丘们,对于如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者,有两个寻经常生起:安稳寻与独处寻。比丘们,如来爱好不害,乐于不害。对于这样爱好不害、乐于不害的如来,这个寻经常生起:‘我以此生活方式,不伤害任何众生,无论会动的还是不会动的。’”
‘‘Tathāgataṃ, bhikkhave, arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ dve vitakkā bahulaṃ samudācaranti – khemo ca vitakko, paviveko ca . Abyāpajjhārāmo , bhikkhave, tathāgato abyāpajjharato. Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, tathāgataṃ abyāpajjhārāmaṃ abyāpajjharataṃ eseva vitakko bahulaṃ samudācarati – ‘imāyāhaṃ iriyāya na kiñci byābādhemi tasaṃ vā thāvaraṃ vā’ti.
345“比丘们,如来爱好独处,乐于独处。对于这样爱好独处、乐于独处的如来,这个寻经常生起:‘凡是不善的,都已舍断。’”
‘‘Pavivekārāmo , bhikkhave, tathāgato pavivekarato. Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, tathāgataṃ pavivekārāmaṃ pavivekarataṃ eseva vitakko bahulaṃ samudācarati – ‘yaṃ akusalaṃ taṃ pahīna’nti.
346“因此,比丘们,你们也应该爱好不害、乐于不害而安住。比丘们,当你们安住于爱好不害、乐于不害,这个寻将会经常生起:‘我们以此生活方式,不伤害任何众生,无论会动的还是不会动的。’”
‘‘Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, tumhepi abyāpajjhārāmā viharatha abyāpajjharatā. Tesaṃ vo, bhikkhave, tumhākaṃ abyāpajjhārāmānaṃ viharataṃ abyāpajjharatānaṃ eseva vitakko bahulaṃ samudācarissati – ‘imāya mayaṃ iriyāya na kiñci byābādhema tasaṃ vā thāvaraṃ vā’ti.
347“比丘们,你们也应该爱好独处、乐于独处而安住。比丘们,当你们安住于爱好独处、乐于独处,这个寻将会经常生起:‘什么是还没有舍断的不善?我们要舍断什么?’” 世尊说了这个义理。在这里,这样被说道:
‘‘Pavivekārāmā, bhikkhave, viharatha pavivekaratā. Tesaṃ vo, bhikkhave, tumhākaṃ pavivekārāmānaṃ viharataṃ pavivekaratānaṃ eseva vitakko bahulaṃ samudācarissati – ‘kiṃ akusalaṃ, kiṃ appahīnaṃ, kiṃ pajahāmā’’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
348“如来,佛陀,难忍能忍者,有两个寻对他生起;”
‘‘Tathāgataṃ buddhamasayhasāhinaṃ, duve vitakkā samudācaranti naṃ;
349安稳的寻是第一个被宣说,接着,远离被说明为第二个。
Khemo vitakko paṭhamo udīrito, tato viveko dutiyo pakāsito.
350他是驱除黑暗者、到彼岸者、大仙人,他是目标已达到者、具足自在者、无漏者;
‘‘Tamonudaṃ pāragataṃ mahesiṃ, taṃ pattipattaṃ vasimaṃ anāsavaṃ;
351他是离毒者、在渴爱灭尽中解脱者,他确实是牟尼,持有最后之身;
Visantaraṃ taṇhakkhaye vimuttaṃ, taṃ ve muniṃ antimadehadhāriṃ;
352我说,已舍离魔者,是超越了老死的到彼岸者。
Mārañjahaṃ brūmi jarāya pāraguṃ.
353就像一个人站在山顶的岩石上,遍观四方的人群一样,
‘‘Sele yathā pabbatamuddhaniṭṭhito, yathāpi passe janataṃ samantato;
354善慧者,登上了法所成的楼阁,成为全眼者后,同样地……
Tathūpamaṃ dhammamayaṃ sumedho, pāsādamāruyha samantacakkhu;
355沉溺于忧伤的人,他察看被生与老所征服的、已离忧伤的众生。”
Sokāvatiṇṇaṃ janatamapetasoko, avekkhati jātijarābhibhūta’’nti.
356这个义理也是世尊所说,这就是如是我闻。第八。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
3572. 说法经
2. Desanāsuttaṃ
39以下内容确实为世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
359“比丘们,如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者有两种次第说法。哪两种呢?‘你们要把恶看作恶’——这是第一种说法;‘看到恶是恶之后,在那里厌离、离染、解脱’——这是第二种说法。比丘们,如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者就有这两种次第说法。”世尊说了这个义理。关于这个义理,这样说:
‘‘Tathāgatassa, bhikkhave, arahato sammāsambuddhassa dve dhammadesanā pariyāyena bhavanti. Katamā dve? ‘Pāpaṃ pāpakato passathā’ti – ayaṃ paṭhamā dhammadesanā; ‘pāpaṃ pāpakato disvā tattha nibbindatha virajjatha vimuccathā’ti – ayaṃ dutiyā dhammadesanā. Tathāgatassa, bhikkhave, arahato sammāsambuddhassa imā dve dhammadesanā pariyāyena bhavantī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
360“请看那如来、觉者、怜悯一切众生者,
‘‘Tathāgatassa buddhassa, sabbabhūtānukampino;
361他宣示了次第之说,阐明了两种法。”
Pariyāyavacanaṃ passa, dve ca dhammā pakāsitā.
362你们看看这个恶, 在那里也要离染;
‘‘Pāpakaṃ passatha cetaṃ , tattha cāpi virajjatha;
363那时,心离染之后, 你们将作苦的终结。
Tato virattacittāse, dukkhassantaṃ karissathā’’ti.
364此事也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第九。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Navamaṃ.
3653. 明经
3. Vijjāsuttaṃ
40这也是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,如是我闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
367比丘们,无明是到达不善法的先导,无惭无愧跟随其后;比丘们,而明是到达善法的先导,惭与愧跟随其后。世尊说了这个意思。对此,这是那样说的——
‘‘Avijjā , bhikkhave, pubbaṅgamā akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā anvadeva ahirikaṃ anottappaṃ; vijjā ca kho, bhikkhave, pubbaṅgamā kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā anvadeva hirottappa’’nti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
368任何这些恶趣, 在此世间和来世;
‘‘Yā kācimā duggatiyo, asmiṃ loke paramhi ca;
369无明是所有它们的根,与欲望、贪欲积聚在一起。
Avijjāmūlikā sabbā, icchālobhasamussayā.
370一旦成为有恶欲的人,无惭无愧、不知尊重;
‘‘Yato ca hoti pāpiccho, ahirīko anādaro;
371从那时起,他便造作恶业,并因此而前往恶趣。
Tato pāpaṃ pasavati, apāyaṃ tena gacchati.
372因此,比丘对欲望、贪欲和无明离染;
‘‘Tasmā chandañca lobhañca, avijjañca virājayaṃ;
373生起明与智,便能断除一切恶趣。
Vijjaṃ uppādayaṃ bhikkhu, sabbā duggatiyo jahe’’ti.
374这个义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第三。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Tatiyaṃ.
3754. 慧退失经
4. Paññāparihīnasuttaṃ
41这也是世尊、阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
377“比丘们,那些众生是严重缺损的,因为他们缺损了圣慧。他们在现生中住于苦,带着恼害,带着焦虑,带着炽燃;身坏命终之后,可预期恶趣。比丘们,那些众生没有缺损,因为他们没有缺损圣慧。他们在现生中住于乐,没有恼害,没有焦虑,没有炽燃;身坏命终之后,可预期善趣。”世尊讲明了这个道理。关于这个道理,这里这样说道:
‘‘Te, bhikkhave, sattā suparihīnā ye ariyāya paññāya parihīnā. Te diṭṭheva dhamme dukkhaṃ viharanti savighātaṃ saupāyāsaṃ sapariḷāhaṃ; kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā duggati pāṭikaṅkhā. Te , bhikkhave, sattā aparihīnā ye ariyāya paññāya aparihīnā. Te diṭṭheva dhamme sukhaṃ viharanti avighātaṃ anupāyāsaṃ apariḷāhaṃ; kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugati pāṭikaṅkhā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
378“因为慧的缺损,你看世间和诸天吧;
‘‘Paññāya parihānena, passa lokaṃ sadevakaṃ;
379他们住著在名色中,以为‘这就是真实的’。
Niviṭṭhaṃ nāmarūpasmiṃ, idaṃ saccanti maññati.
380“因为在世间,慧最殊胜,它能导向通达;
‘‘Paññā hi seṭṭhā lokasmiṃ, yāyaṃ nibbedhagāminī;
381依此慧,能正确地了知,生与有的彻底灭尽。”
Yāya sammā pajānāti, jātibhavaparikkhayaṃ.
382那些天神与人类,对于具念的、已证悟的佛陀,始终欣慕不已——这些拥有智慧、持最后身的人。
‘‘Tesaṃ devā manussā ca, sambuddhānaṃ satīmataṃ;
383这也是世尊所说的义理,如是我闻。第四经。
Pihayanti hāsapaññānaṃ , sarīrantimadhārina’’nti.
384此义也是世尊所说,我如是听闻。第五。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Pañcamaṃ.
3855. 白法经
5. Sukkadhammasuttaṃ
42这确实是世尊所说、阿拉汉所说,我是这样听到的:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
387「诸比丘!这两种白法保护世间。哪两种呢?惭与愧。诸比丘!如果这两种白法不保护世间,在此世间就不会被了知『母亲』、『姨母』、『舅母』、『师母』、『尊长之妻』。世间会陷入混乱,如同山羊、鸡、猪、狗、豺狼一样。诸比丘!然而,因为这两种白法保护世间,所以被了知『母亲』、『姨母』、『舅母』、『师母』、『尊长之妻』。」世尊说了此义。在那里如是说——
‘‘Dveme, bhikkhave, sukkā dhammā lokaṃ pālenti. Katame dve? Hirī ca, ottappañca. Ime ce, bhikkhave, dve sukkā dhammā lokaṃ na pāleyyuṃ, nayidha paññāyetha mātāti vā mātucchāti vā mātulānīti vā ācariyabhariyāti vā garūnaṃ dārāti vā. Sambhedaṃ loko agamissa yathā ajeḷakā kukkuṭasūkarā soṇasiṅgālā . Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, ime dve sukkā dhammā lokaṃ pālenti tasmā paññāyati mātāti vā mātucchāti vā mātulānīti vā ācariyabhariyāti vā garūnaṃ dārāti vā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
388若有人任何时候,都无惭与愧,
‘‘Yesaṃ ce hiriottappaṃ, sabbadā ca na vijjati;
389他们偏离了善根,走向了生与死。
Vokkantā sukkamūlā te, jātimaraṇagāmino.
390而对于那些惭与愧一直正确现前的人,
‘‘Yesañca hiriottappaṃ, sadā sammā upaṭṭhitā;
391他们的梵行已经充分成长,他们是寂静的,再生已尽。
Virūḷhabrahmacariyā te, santo khīṇapunabbhavā’’ti.
392这个义理也是世尊所说的,我是这样听到的。第六经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
3936. 不生经
6. Ajātasuttaṃ
43这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
395比丘们,有一个不生、不有、不作、不造的东西。比丘们,假如没有这个不生、不有、不作、不造的东西,那么对于所生、所有、所作、所造的东西,就不会知道有出离。比丘们,正因为有一个不生、不有、不作、不造的东西,所以对于所生、所有、所作、所造的东西,才能知道有出离。世尊说了这个义理。关于此事,是这样说的——
‘‘Atthi, bhikkhave , ajātaṃ abhūtaṃ akataṃ asaṅkhataṃ. No cetaṃ, bhikkhave, abhavissa ajātaṃ abhūtaṃ akataṃ asaṅkhataṃ, nayidha jātassa bhūtassa katassa saṅkhatassa nissaraṇaṃ paññāyetha. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, atthi ajātaṃ abhūtaṃ akataṃ asaṅkhataṃ, tasmā jātassa bhūtassa katassa saṅkhatassa nissaraṇaṃ paññāyatī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
396已经生起的,已经存在的,依缘而生的,造作出来的,有为的,都是不坚固的,
‘‘Jātaṃ bhūtaṃ samuppannaṃ, kataṃ saṅkhatamaddhuvaṃ;
397那是老与死的聚集,是疾病的巢穴,脆弱易碎。
Jarāmaraṇasaṅghāṭaṃ, roganīḷaṃ pabhaṅguraṃ .
398它由食物滋养、由渴爱引发,不值得对它感到欢喜。
‘‘Āhāranettippabhavaṃ, nālaṃ tadabhinandituṃ;
399从它出离,才是寂静的,是思惟无法到达的,是坚固安稳的。
Tassa nissaraṇaṃ santaṃ, atakkāvacaraṃ dhuvaṃ.
400那不生、不依缘而起,无忧无恼、远离尘垢的境界,
‘‘Ajātaṃ asamuppannaṃ, asokaṃ virajaṃ padaṃ;
401就是苦的灭尽,一切行的平息,这才是真正的乐。
Nirodho dukkhadhammānaṃ, saṅkhārūpasamo sukho’’ti.
402此义也是世尊所说,我如是听闻。第七经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Sattamaṃ.
4037. 涅槃界经
7. Nibbānadhātusuttaṃ
44确实,此义是世尊所说、阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
405“比丘们,有两种涅槃界。哪两种?有余依涅槃界和无余依涅槃界。
‘‘Dvemā, bhikkhave, nibbānadhātuyo. Katame dve? Saupādisesā ca nibbānadhātu, anupādisesā ca nibbānadhātu.
406“比丘们,什么是有余依涅槃界呢?比丘们,这里有一位比丘是阿拉汉,灭尽了一切烦恼,完成了修行,该做的都已做完,卸下了重担,达到了真正的目标,彻底断除了存有的系缚,以正确的了知获得解脱。他的五种感官仍然存在,因为没有损坏,他还会经历合意与不合意的感受,体会快乐与痛苦。在他身上,贪的灭尽、嗔的灭尽、痴的灭尽——比丘们,这就叫做有余依涅槃界。
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, saupādisesā nibbānadhātu? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu arahaṃ hoti khīṇāsavo vusitavā katakaraṇīyo ohitabhāro anuppattasadattho parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojano sammadaññā vimutto. Tassa tiṭṭhanteva pañcindriyāni yesaṃ avighātattā manāpāmanāpaṃ paccanubhoti, sukhadukkhaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti . Tassa yo rāgakkhayo, dosakkhayo, mohakkhayo – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, saupādisesā nibbānadhātu.
407“比丘们,什么是无余依涅槃界呢?比丘们,这里有一位比丘是阿拉汉,灭尽了一切烦恼,完成了修行,该做的都已做完,卸下了重担,达到了真正的目标,彻底断除了存有的系缚,以正确的了知获得解脱。比丘们,就在这一生中,他所有经历的感受都不会再被期待,都将冷却下来。比丘们,这就叫做无余依涅槃界。比丘们,这就是两种涅槃界。”这义理是世尊所说。关于这个义理,如此说道:
‘‘Katamā ca, bhikkhave, anupādisesā nibbānadhātu? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu arahaṃ hoti khīṇāsavo vusitavā katakaraṇīyo ohitabhāro anuppattasadattho parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojano sammadaññā vimutto. Tassa idheva, bhikkhave, sabbavedayitāni anabhinanditāni sīti bhavissanti . Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, anupādisesā nibbānadhātu. Imā kho, bhikkhave, dve nibbānadhātuyo’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
408“这两种涅槃界,由具眼者、不执著者、如是者所宣说,”
‘‘Duve imā cakkhumatā pakāsitā, nibbānadhātū anissitena tādinā;
409要知道,有一种界就在现世,是带着残余的有之导引的灭尽;
Ekā hi dhātu idha diṭṭhadhammikā, saupādisesā bhavanettisaṅkhayā;
410而另一种界关乎来世,是无余依的,在那里,一切存有都彻底息灭。
Anupādisesā pana samparāyikā, yamhi nirujjhanti bhavāni sabbaso.
411那些正确了知这无为境界的人,心已解脱,有之导引已灭尽;
‘‘Ye etadaññāya padaṃ asaṅkhataṃ, vimuttacittā bhavanettisaṅkhayā;
412他们通达了法的核心,乐于灭尽,那些如此之人,已舍断了一切存有。
Te dhammasārādhigamā khaye ratā, pahaṃsu te sabbabhavāni tādino’’ti.
413这一含义也为世尊所说,我如是听闻。第六。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
4148. 独坐经
8. Paṭisallānasuttaṃ
45这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我是这样听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
416第二品
2. Dutiyavaggo
417“比丘们,你们要以独处静修为乐,安住于独处静修的喜悦中,内心致力于心的止息,不中断禅修,具备观智,常去空旷的处所。比丘们,对于以独处静修为乐、安住于独处静修的喜悦中、内心致力于心的止息、不中断禅修、具备观智、常去空旷处所的人来说,可以期待两种果报中的一种:要么在现法中证得完全智,要么在还有残余执取的情况下证得不来。”这就是世尊所说的义理。关于这件事,这里这样说道:
‘‘Paṭisallānārāmā , bhikkhave, viharatha paṭisallānaratā, ajjhattaṃ cetosamathamanuyuttā, anirākatajjhānā, vipassanāya samannāgatā, brūhetā suññāgārānaṃ . Paṭisallānārāmānaṃ, bhikkhave, viharataṃ paṭisallānaratānaṃ ajjhattaṃ cetosamathamanuyuttānaṃ anirākatamajjhānānaṃ vipassanāya samannāgatānaṃ brūhetānaṃ suññāgārānaṃ dvinnaṃ phalānaṃ aññataraṃ phalaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ – diṭṭheva dhamme aññā, sati vā upādisese anāgāmitā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
418“那些心寂静、睿智、具足正念而修禅的人,
‘‘Ye santacittā nipakā, satimanto ca jhāyino;
419他们正确地观照诸法,对于欲乐无所期待。
Sammā dhammaṃ vipassanti, kāmesu anapekkhino.
420“那些乐于不放逸、保持寂静、看见放逸中的恐怖的人,
‘‘Appamādaratā santā, pamāde bhayadassino;
421他们不会退堕,就在涅槃的近处。”
Abhabbā parihānāya, nibbānasseva santike’’ti.
422这个义理也是世尊所宣说,如是我闻。第八。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
4239. 学利益经
9. Sikkhānisaṃsasuttaṃ
46这是世尊所说、阿拉汉所说,我这样听说:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
425“比丘们,你们要以修学为利益而住,以智慧为增上,以解脱为核心,以念为主导。比丘们,当你们以修学为利益、以智慧为增上、以解脱为核心、以念为主导而住时,可预期两种果报中的一种:在当生彻底了知,或者,若还有残余的执取,则是阿那含(不来)之果。”世尊宣说了这个义理。关于这件事,如是说道:
‘‘Sikkhānisaṃsā , bhikkhave, viharatha paññuttarā vimuttisārā satādhipateyyā. Sikkhānisaṃsānaṃ, bhikkhave, viharataṃ paññuttarānaṃ vimuttisārānaṃ satādhipateyyānaṃ dvinnaṃ phalānaṃ aññataraṃ phalaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ – diṭṭheva dhamme aññā, sati vā upādisese anāgāmitā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
426修行圆满、法不退失,智慧增上,看见了生灭的尽头,
‘‘Paripuṇṇasikkhaṃ apahānadhammaṃ, paññuttaraṃ jātikhayantadassiṃ;
427那位真正的牟尼,持最后之身,战胜了魔罗,我说他已超越老死。
Taṃ ve muniṃ antimadehadhāriṃ, mārañjahaṃ brūmi jarāya pāraguṃ.
428因此,常乐于禅定,心意专注,精进努力,看见生灭的尽头;
‘‘Tasmā sadā jhānaratā samāhitā, ātāpino jātikhayantadassino;
429比丘们,战胜了魔罗及其军队之后,你们要成为超越生死的人。
Māraṃ sasenaṃ abhibhuyya bhikkhavo, bhavatha jātimaraṇassa pāragā’’ti.
430这也是世尊宣说的义理,我如是听闻。第七经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Sattamaṃ.
43110. 警寤经
10. Jāgariyasuttaṃ
47以下所说是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
433诸比丘,一个精勤的比丘应当住于具念、正知、安定、愉悦并因善法而感到纯净,在那时他应时时观察善法。诸比丘,对于一位精勤、具念、正知、安定、愉悦、纯净并时时观察善法的比丘,可以预期两种果报中的一种:要么在当下就证得彻底的了知,要么在还有残余执着的情况下达到不来此世间。世尊讲说了这个道理。关于此事,他这样说——
‘‘Jāgaro cassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vihareyya sato sampajāno samāhito pamudito vippasanno ca tattha kālavipassī ca kusalesu dhammesu. Jāgarassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno viharato satassa sampajānassa samāhitassa pamuditassa vippasannassa tattha kālavipassino kusalesu dhammesu dvinnaṃ phalānaṃ aññataraṃ phalaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ – diṭṭheva dhamme aññā, sati vā upādisese anāgāmitā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
434醒来的人们,请听此事:你们这些沉睡者,要醒过来!
‘‘Jāgarantā suṇāthetaṃ, ye suttā te pabujjhatha;
435清醒胜过沉睡,清醒者没有恐惧。
Suttā jāgaritaṃ seyyo, natthi jāgarato bhayaṃ.
436那清醒的人,具念、正知、安定、愉悦、纯净;
‘‘Yo jāgaro ca satimā sampajāno, samāhito mudito vippasanno ca;
437他适时正确地探究法,心志专一,便能消除黑暗。
Kālena so sammā dhammaṃ parivīmaṃsamāno, ekodibhūto vihane tamaṃ so.
438因此,确实应当修习警寤,比丘应精进、敏锐、获得禅那;
‘‘Tasmā have jāgariyaṃ bhajetha, ātāpī bhikkhu nipako jhānalābhī;
439斩断生与老的结缚后,就在此处证得无上正觉。”
Saṃyojanaṃ jātijarāya chetvā, idheva sambodhimanuttaraṃ phuse’’ti.
440这意义也是世尊所说,我这样听闻。第十二经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Dvādasamaṃ.
441其摄颂如下:
Tassuddānaṃ –
44211. 恶趣经
11. Āpāyikasuttaṃ
48这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
444诸比丘,有这两种人,若不断舍于此,便会堕入恶趣、地狱。哪两种?一是自己并非梵行者却自称梵行者;二是以无根据的非梵行,诽谤那正在修习圆满、清净梵行的人。诸比丘,就是这两种人,若不断舍于此,便会堕入恶趣、地狱。世尊宣说了此义。于此,这又被如是说道——
‘‘Dveme, bhikkhave, āpāyikā nerayikā idamappahāya. Katame dve? Yo ca abrahmacārī brahmacāripaṭiñño, yo ca paripuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ carantaṃ amūlakena abrahmacariyena anuddhaṃseti. Ime kho, bhikkhave, dve āpāyikā nerayikā idamappahāyā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
445说不实语的人会下地狱,或者做了坏事却说‘我没做’的人;
‘‘Abhūtavādī nirayaṃ upeti, yo vāpi katvā na karomi cāha;
446这两种人死后都一样,都是行为卑劣的人,在来世受苦。
Ubhopi te pecca samā bhavanti, nihīnakammā manujā parattha.
447许多披着袈裟的人,品性恶劣,不加节制;
‘‘Kāsāvakaṇṭhā bahavo, pāpadhammā asaññatā;
448这些恶人凭着那些恶业,投生地狱。
Pāpā pāpehi kammehi, nirayaṃ te upapajjare.
449吞下炽热、像火焰一样的铁球,反倒更好;
‘‘Seyyo ayoguḷo bhutto, tatto aggisikhūpamo;
450比起破戒、不节制的人享用信众的食物。
Yañce bhuñjeyya dussīlo, raṭṭhapiṇḍamasaññato’’ti.
451这义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第五经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Pañcamaṃ.
45212. 见取经
12. Diṭṭhigatasuttaṃ
49这是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
454“比丘们,被两种见所困扰,有些天和人停滞不前,有些天和人冲过了头;而有眼者则如实看见。
‘‘Dvīhi, bhikkhave, diṭṭhigatehi pariyuṭṭhitā devamanussā olīyanti eke, atidhāvanti eke; cakkhumanto ca passanti.
455“比丘们,怎样是停滞不前呢?比丘们,有些天和人以有为乐、喜欢有、对有感到欢喜。当向他们教导为了有的灭尽的法时,他们的心不投入、不净信、不安住、不趋向。比丘们,这样就是停滞不前。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, olīyanti eke? Bhavārāmā, bhikkhave, devamanussā bhavaratā bhavasammuditā tesaṃ bhavanirodhāya dhamme desiyamāne cittaṃ na pakkhandati na pasīdati na santiṭṭhati nādhimuccati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, olīyanti eke.
456“比丘们,怎样是冲过了头呢?比丘们,有些人恰恰因为对有感到厌倦、羞耻、厌恶,反而欢喜非有——他们认为:‘喂,这个自我在身体破裂死后就断灭、消失,死后不存在了;这才是寂静的,这才是微妙的,这才是真实的。’比丘们,这样就是冲过了头。
‘‘Kathañca , bhikkhave, atidhāvanti eke? Bhaveneva kho paneke aṭṭīyamānā harāyamānā jigucchamānā vibhavaṃ abhinandanti – yato kira, bho, ayaṃ attā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā ucchijjati vinassati na hoti paraṃ maraṇā; etaṃ santaṃ etaṃ paṇītaṃ etaṃ yāthāvanti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, atidhāvanti eke.
457“比丘们,怎样是有眼者如实看见呢?比丘们,这里,比丘如实看见已生的;如实看见已生的之后,他便为了对已生的厌离、离贪、灭尽而修行。比丘们,这样就是有眼者如实看见。” 世尊说了这个义理。对此,这偈颂如是说——
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, cakkhumanto passanti? Idha bhikkhu bhūtaṃ bhūtato passati; bhūtaṃ bhūtato disvā bhūtassa nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭipanno hoti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, cakkhumanto passantī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
458那些如实看见已生起为已生起,并且超越了已生起的人,
‘‘Ye bhūtaṃ bhūtato disvā, bhūtassa ca atikkamaṃ;
459他们因渴爱的灭尽,如实获得解脱。
Yathābhūte vimuccanti, bhavataṇhā parikkhayā.
460他确实遍知已生起,在一切存有中已无渴爱;
‘‘Sa ve bhūtapariñño, so vītataṇho bhavābhave;
461比丘通过对已生起的消尽,不再有再生。
Bhūtassa vibhavā bhikkhu, nāgacchati punabbhava’’nti.
462这个义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第二经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Dutiyaṃ.
463第二品完
Dutiyo vaggo niṭṭhito.
464其摄颂——
Tassuddānaṃ –
465两根、二应修习,以戒另有二;
Dve indriyā dve tapanīyā, sīlena apare duve;
466无惭、诡诈二,以及应悚惧者,这些共为十。
Anottāpī kuhanā dve ca, saṃvejanīyena te dasa.
467寻、说法、明,慧、以法为第五;
Vitakkā desanā vijjā, paññā dhammena pañcamaṃ;
468不生、界、箭,学、以警寤等;
Ajātaṃ dhātusallānaṃ, sikkhā jāgariyena ca;
469以及恶趣见,说为二十二。
Apāyadiṭṭhiyā ceva , bāvīsati pakāsitāti.
470第一品
1. Paṭhamavaggo
471二集完
Dukanipāto niṭṭhito.
4723. 三集
3. Tikanipāto
4731. 第一品
1. Paṭhamavaggo
4741. 根经
1. Mūlasuttaṃ
50这是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
476“比丘们,有三种不善根。哪三种?贪是不善根,嗔是不善根,痴是不善根——比丘们,这就是三种不善根。”这是世尊所说的义理。关于这件事,这样说:
‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, akusalamūlāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Lobho akusalamūlaṃ, doso akusalamūlaṃ, moho akusalamūlaṃ – imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi akusalamūlānī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
477“贪、嗔和痴,让一个人的心变恶;
‘‘Lobho doso ca moho ca, purisaṃ pāpacetasaṃ;
478这些从自己心里生起的东西,会伤害这个人,就像果实毁了竹子一样。”
Hiṃsanti attasambhūtā, tacasāraṃva samphala’’nti.
479这个义理也是世尊所说的,我是这样听到的。第九经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Navamaṃ.
4802. 界经
2. Dhātusuttaṃ
51这是世尊、阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
482“诸比丘,有这三种界。哪三种呢?色界、无色界、灭界——诸比丘,这就是三种界。”这是世尊所说的义理。关于这个义理,是这样说的:
‘‘Tisso imā, bhikkhave, dhātuyo. Katamā tisso? Rūpadhātu, arūpadhātu, nirodhadhātu – imā kho, bhikkhave, tisso dhātuyo’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
483“遍知了色界之后,不住于无色界中;
‘‘Rūpadhātuṃ pariññāya, arūpesu asaṇṭhitā;
484那些在灭界中解脱的人,他们是超越了死亡的人。
Nirodhe ye vimuccanti, te janā maccuhāyino.
485“以身体触证了不死界——那无依著的状态;
‘‘Kāyena amataṃ dhātuṃ, phusayitvā nirūpadhiṃ;
486现证了依著的彻底舍离,成为无漏者;
Upadhippaṭinissaggaṃ, sacchikatvā anāsavo;
487正自觉者宣说了那无忧无垢的境界。”
Deseti sammāsambuddho, asokaṃ virajaṃ pada’’nti.
488这个义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第一经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Paṭhamaṃ.
4893. 第一受经
3. Paṭhamavedanāsuttaṃ
52这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,如是我闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
491“比丘们,有这三种受。哪三种?乐受、苦受、不苦不乐受。
‘‘Tisso imā, bhikkhave, vedanā. Katamā tisso? Sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā –
492比丘们,这就是三种受。”世尊说了这个义理。对此,用偈颂如此说:
Imā kho, bhikkhave, tisso vedanā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
493“佛陀的弟子,专注、正知、具念,
‘‘Samāhito sampajāno, sato buddhassa sāvako;
494他遍知受,也遍知受的生起。”
Vedanā ca pajānāti, vedanānañca sambhavaṃ.
495“了知这些漏在何处息灭,以及通向灭尽的道路;
‘‘Yattha cetā nirujjhanti, maggañca khayagāminaṃ;
496感受灭尽后,比丘不再饥渴,完全寂灭。
Vedanānaṃ khayā bhikkhu, nicchāto parinibbuto’’ti.
497这个义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第四经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Catutthaṃ.
4984. 第二受经
4. Dutiyavedanāsuttaṃ
53这是世尊所说,这是阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
500“比丘们,有这三种感受。哪三种?乐受、苦受、不苦不乐受。比丘们,乐受应看作苦;苦受应看作箭;不苦不乐受应看作无常。比丘们,当一位比丘确实把乐受看作苦,把苦受看作箭,把不苦不乐受看作无常时,这位比丘就被称为‘圣者、正见者’。他斩断了渴爱,解开了结缚,彻底洞穿慢而灭尽了苦。”世尊说了这个义理。对此,如是说:
‘‘Tisso imā , bhikkhave, vedanā. Katamā tisso? Sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā. Sukhā, bhikkhave, vedanā dukkhato daṭṭhabbā; dukkhā vedanā sallato daṭṭhabbā; adukkhamasukhā vedanā aniccato daṭṭhabbā. Yato kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno sukhā vedanā dukkhato diṭṭhā hoti, dukkhā vedanā sallato diṭṭhā hoti, adukkhamasukhā vedanā aniccato diṭṭhā hoti; ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ‘bhikkhu ariyo sammaddaso acchecchi , taṇhaṃ, vivattayi saṃyojanaṃ, sammā mānābhisamayā antamakāsi dukkhassā’’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
501“谁将乐看作苦,将苦看作箭;
‘‘Yo sukhaṃ dukkhato adda , dukkhamaddakkhi sallato;
502不苦不乐的寂静,他看见它是无常的。
Adukkhamasukhaṃ santaṃ, adakkhi naṃ aniccato.
503他确实是正见的比丘,当他从那里解脱之时;
‘‘Sa ve sammaddaso bhikkhu, yato tattha vimuccati;
504通晓完成而寂静,他确实是超越束缚的牟尼。
Abhiññāvosito santo, sa ve yogātigo munī’’ti.
505这个道理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第二经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Dutiyaṃ.
5065. 第一寻求经
5. Paṭhamaesanāsuttaṃ
54此义是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
508“比丘们,有三种求。哪三种?欲求、有求、梵行求。比丘们,这就是三种求。”这是世尊所说的意思。对此,这样说:
‘‘Tisso imā, bhikkhave, esanā. Katamā tisso? Kāmesanā, bhavesanā, brahmacariyesanā – imā kho, bhikkhave, tisso esanā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
509“专注、正知、具念的佛陀弟子,
‘‘Samāhito sampajāno, sato buddhassa sāvako;
510他了知种种欲求,以及这些欲求的生起;
Esanā ca pajānāti, esanānañca sambhavaṃ.
511“在哪里这些欲求息灭,以及通向灭尽的道路;
‘‘Yattha cetā nirujjhanti, maggañca khayagāminaṃ;
512由于欲求的灭尽,比丘无有渴爱,完全寂灭。”
Esanānaṃ khayā bhikkhu, nicchāto parinibbuto’’ti.
513这一义也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第十一经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Ekādasamaṃ.
5146. 第二寻求经
6. Dutiyaesanāsuttaṃ
55这是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
516“诸比丘,有这三种寻求。哪三种?欲寻求、有寻求、梵行寻求。诸比丘,这就是三种寻求。”这个义理世尊宣说了。对此,这样说到——
‘‘Tisso imā, bhikkhave, esanā. Katamā tisso? Kāmesanā, bhavesanā, brahmacariyesanā – imā kho, bhikkhave, tisso esanā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
517“欲求、有求,连同梵行求,
‘‘Kāmesanā bhavesanā, brahmacariyesanā saha;
518对真实的执取,以及种种见的立足处,便积聚而起。
Iti saccaparāmāso, diṭṭhiṭṭhānā samussayā.
519“对于一切贪欲已离染的人,渴爱灭尽而解脱的人,
‘‘Sabbarāgavirattassa, taṇhakkhayavimuttino;
520所求已被舍断,见的立足处被彻底拔除;
Esanā paṭinissaṭṭhā, diṭṭhiṭṭhānā samūhatā;
521所求灭尽的比丘,不再期待,不再疑惑。”
Esanānaṃ khayā bhikkhu, nirāso akathaṃkathī’’ti.
522这个义理也是世尊所说,我如是听闻。第八经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
5237. 第一漏经
7. Paṭhamaāsavasuttaṃ
56这世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
525世尊曾这样说:「比丘们,有三种漏。哪三种?欲漏、有漏、无明漏。比丘们,这就是三种漏。」世尊宣说了这个义理。在此,关于此义理,是这样说的——
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, āsavā. Katame tayo? Kāmāsavo, bhavāsavo, avijjāsavo – ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo āsavā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
526“专注、正知、具念的佛陀弟子,
‘‘Samāhito sampajāno, sato buddhassa sāvako;
527他彻底了知诸漏,也了知诸漏的生起,
Āsave ca pajānāti, āsavānañca sambhavaṃ.
528这些感受在哪里止息,以及导向它们灭尽的道路;
‘‘Yattha cetā nirujjhanti, maggañca khayagāminaṃ;
529比丘诸漏尽,不再渴求,已圆满寂灭。
Āsavānaṃ khayā bhikkhu, nicchāto parinibbuto’’ti.
530这个义理也是世尊所说,我如是听闻。第七。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Sattamaṃ.
5318. 第二漏经
8. Dutiyaāsavasuttaṃ
57这世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
533“比丘们,有三种漏。哪三种?欲漏、有漏、无明漏——比丘们,这就是三种漏。”世尊说明了这个含义。在那里,关于这个含义,他这样说——
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, āsavā. Katame tayo? Kāmāsavo, bhavāsavo, avijjāsavo – ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo āsavā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
534那已断尽欲漏、褪尽无明的人,
‘‘Yassa kāmāsavo khīṇo, avijjā ca virājitā;
535他耗尽有漏,彻底解脱,不再执取;
Bhavāsavo parikkhīṇo, vippamutto nirūpadhi;
536他保持着最后之身,战胜了魔与魔军。
Dhāreti antimaṃ dehaṃ, jetvā māraṃ savāhini’’nti .
537这个义理也是世尊所说,按说,这是如是我闻。第一经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Paṭhamaṃ.
5389. 渴爱经
9. Taṇhāsuttaṃ
58这是世尊所说,这是阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
540“比丘们,有三种渴爱。哪三种?欲爱、有爱、无有爱——比丘们,这就是三种渴爱。”世尊宣说了这个道理。在这里,它被如是说:
‘‘Tisso imā, bhikkhave, taṇhā. Katamā tisso? Kāmataṇhā, bhavataṇhā, vibhavataṇhā – imā kho, bhikkhave, tisso taṇhā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
541被渴爱的轭所束缚,心染着于种种存在,
‘‘Taṇhāyogena saṃyuttā, rattacittā bhavābhave;
542他们套上了魔的轭,是没有离轭安稳的人;
Te yogayuttā mārassa, ayogakkhemino janā;
543众生在轮回中流转,走向生与死。
Sattā gacchanti saṃsāraṃ, jātīmaraṇagāmino.
544那些已舍断渴爱,于任何生存状态中都没有了渴爱的人;
‘‘Ye ca taṇhaṃ pahantvāna, vītataṇhā bhavābhave;
545他们确实在世间到达了彼岸,已证得漏尽。
Te ve pāraṅgatā loke, ye pattā āsavakkhaya’’nti.
546这也是世尊所说的义理,我这样听闻。第三。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Tatiyaṃ.
54710. 魔境经
10. Māradheyyasuttaṃ
59以下内容是由世尊所说、由阿拉汉所说,如是我闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
549“比丘们,具足三种法的比丘,超越魔的领域,像太阳一样照耀。哪三种呢?比丘们,在这里,比丘具足无学的戒蕴,具足无学的定蕴,具足无学的慧蕴。比丘们,正是具足这三种法,比丘超越魔的领域,像太阳一样照耀。”世尊宣说了这个意思。对此,有偈颂说:
‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu atikkamma māradheyyaṃ ādiccova virocati. Katamehi tīhi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu asekhena sīlakkhandhena samannāgato hoti, asekhena samādhikkhandhena samannāgato hoti, asekhena paññākkhandhena samannāgato hoti – imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu atikkamma māradheyyaṃ ādiccova virocatī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
550戒、定、慧,这些已善修习的人,
‘‘Sīlaṃ samādhi paññā ca, yassa ete subhāvitā;
551超越了魔的境界,如太阳般照耀。
Atikkamma māradheyyaṃ, ādiccova virocatī’’ti.
552这个道理也是世尊宣说的,如是我闻。第八。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
553第一品完
Paṭhamo vaggo niṭṭhito.
554其摄颂——
Tassuddānaṃ –
555根、界,接着二受,二求,二漏;
Mūladhātu atha vedanā duve, esanā ca duve āsavā duve;
556从渴爱与魔境,他们称为初品,名为‘解脱’。
Taṇhāto ca atha māradheyyato, vaggamāhu paṭhamanti muttamanti.
5572. 第二品
2. Dutiyavaggo
5581. 福业事经
1. Puññakiriyavatthusuttaṃ
60据世尊所说、据阿拉汉所说,我是这样听到的:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
560“比丘们,有这三种福业事。哪三种?布施所成的福业事,持戒所成的福业事,修习所成的福业事——比丘们,这就是三种福业事。”世尊说明了这个义理。在这里,这是这样说的:
‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, puññakiriyavatthūni. Katamāni tīṇi? Dānamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu, sīlamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu, bhāvanāmayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu – imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi puññakiriyavatthūnī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
561这是世尊所说的意思。在这里,这样说:
‘‘Puññameva so sikkheyya, āyataggaṃ sukhudrayaṃ;
562“他应该修学福德,这福德是向上、带来快乐的。他应该修习布施、正当的行为和慈心。”
Dānañca samacariyañca, mettacittañca bhāvaye.
563“修习了这些法,这三种让快乐生起的法后,
‘‘Ete dhamme bhāvayitvā, tayo sukhasamuddaye;
564智者会往生到无恼的快乐世界。
Abyāpajjhaṃ sukhaṃ lokaṃ, paṇḍito upapajjatī’’ti.
565这义也是世尊所说,如是我闻:第一。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Pañcamaṃ.
5662. 眼经
2. Cakkhusuttaṃ
61这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
568“比丘们,有这三种眼。哪三种呢?肉眼、天眼、慧眼——比丘们,这就是三种眼。”世尊宣说了这个义理。关于这个义理,如是语说——
‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, cakkhūni. Katamāni tīṇi? Maṃsacakkhu, dibbacakkhu, paññācakkhu – imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi cakkhūnī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
569“肉眼、天眼,以及无上的慧眼;
‘‘Maṃsacakkhu dibbacakkhu, paññācakkhu anuttaraṃ;
570这三种眼,无上士已经宣说。”
Etāni tīṇi cakkhūni, akkhāsi purisuttamo.
571肉眼的生起,是通向天眼的道路;
‘‘Maṃsacakkhussa uppādo, maggo dibbassa cakkhuno;
572当智慧生起时,无上的慧眼也就出现了;
Yato ñāṇaṃ udapādi, paññācakkhu anuttaraṃ;
573获得了这个眼,就能从一切苦中解脱。
Yassa cakkhussa paṭilābhā, sabbadukkhā pamuccatī’’ti.
574这个义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第四经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Catutthaṃ.
5753. 根经
3. Indriyasuttaṃ
62这确实是世尊所说、是阿拉汉所说,我是这样听到的:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
577“比丘们,有三种根。哪三种呢?未知当知根、已知根、具知根——比丘们,这就是三种根。”世尊说了这个道理。在这里,这件事被这样说:
‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, indriyāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Anaññātaññassāmītindriyaṃ, aññindriyaṃ, aññātāvindriyaṃ – imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi indriyānī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
578对于正在修学、跟随正道的有学,
‘‘Sekhassa sikkhamānassa, ujumaggānusārino;
579在烦恼灭尽上,最先生起的是第一智,紧接着就是最终的智慧。
Khayasmiṃ paṭhamaṃ ñāṇaṃ, tato aññā anantarā.
580从那最终的智慧,对已解脱的如如者生起了智:
‘‘Tato aññā vimuttassa, ñāṇaṃ ve hoti tādino;
581‘我的解脱是不可动摇的’,因为有的结缚已经灭尽。
Akuppā me vimuttīti, bhavasaṃyojanakkhayā.
582他确实根具足,寂静,乐于寂静之道;
‘‘Sa ve indriyasampanno, santo santipade rato;
583他维持着最后身,已经战胜了魔与魔军。
Dhāreti antimaṃ dehaṃ, jetvā māraṃ savāhini’’nti.
584这个义理也是世尊说过的,我是这样听到的。第九经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Navamaṃ.
5854. 时分经
4. Addhāsuttaṃ
63以下内容出自世尊之口,是阿拉汉所说,我亲耳听到——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
587“比丘们,有三种时间。哪三种?过去的时间、未来的时间、现在的时间——比丘们,这就是三种时间。”这是世尊所说的义理。关于这个义理,这样说:
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, addhā. Katame tayo? Atīto addhā, anāgato addhā, paccuppanno addhā – ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo addhā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
588“那些把概念当成实有的有情,就建立在概念之上;
‘‘Akkheyyasaññino sattā, akkheyyasmiṃ patiṭṭhitā;
589由于没有遍知概念,就走向死亡的束缚。
Akkheyyaṃ apariññāya, yogamāyanti maccuno.
590遍知了概念之后,便不再构想有什么言说者。”
‘‘Akkheyyañca pariññāya, akkhātāraṃ na maññati;
591内心触证了解脱,那种寂静是无上的境界。
Phuṭṭho vimokkho manasā, santipadamanuttaraṃ.
592他确实具足智慧,内心寂静,乐在寂静之道上;
‘‘Sa ve akkheyyasampanno, santo santipade rato;
593以慧观察而行持,安住在法中,这样的智者不落入任何名相。
Saṅkhāyasevī dhammaṭṭho, saṅkhyaṃ nopeti vedagū’’ti.
594这个含义也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第三。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Tatiyaṃ.
5955. 恶行经
5. Duccaritasuttaṃ
64这确实是世尊所说、是阿拉汉所说,我是这样听到的——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
597“比丘们,有三种恶行。哪三种?身恶行、语恶行、意恶行——比丘们,这就是三种恶行。”世尊宣说了这个义理。对此,是这样说的:
‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, duccaritāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Kāyaduccaritaṃ, vacīduccaritaṃ, manoduccaritaṃ – imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi duccaritānī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
598做了身恶行,以及诸语恶行;
‘‘Kāyaduccaritaṃ katvā, vacīduccaritāni ca;
599做了意恶行,还有其他与嗔怒有关之事。
Manoduccaritaṃ katvā, yañcaññaṃ dosasaṃhitaṃ.
600未做善业,反而做了许多不善业;
‘‘Akatvā kusalaṃ kammaṃ, katvānākusalaṃ bahuṃ;
601愚痴之人身坏后,便即投生地狱中。”
Kāyassa bhedā duppañño, nirayaṃ sopapajjatī’’ti.
602这个道理也是世尊所说,我如是听闻。第九。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Navamaṃ.
6036. 善行经
6. Sucaritasuttaṃ
65这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,如是我闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
605“诸比丘,有这三种善行。哪三种呢?身善行、语善行、意善行。诸比丘,这就是三种善行。”世尊说了这个意思。关于这一点,是这样说的:
‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, sucaritāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Kāyasucaritaṃ, vacīsucaritaṃ, manosucaritaṃ – imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi sucaritānī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
606舍断了身恶行和语恶行;
‘‘‘Kāyaduccaritaṃ hitvā, vacīduccaritāni ca;
607“舍断了意恶行,以及其它与过失相关的(恶行)。
Manoduccaritaṃ hitvā, yañcaññaṃ dosasaṃhitaṃ.
608“不去做不善业,做了很多善业,
‘‘Akatvākusalaṃ kammaṃ, katvāna kusalaṃ bahuṃ;
609身坏命终后,有慧者生天。”
Kāyassa bhedā sappañño, saggaṃ so upapajjatī’’ti.
610此义也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第十经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Dasamaṃ.
611其摄颂:
Tassuddānaṃ –
6127. 清净经
7. Soceyyasuttaṃ
66这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
614“诸比丘,有这三种清净。哪三种?身清净、语清净、意清净——诸比丘,这就是三种清净。”世尊说了这个义理。对此,如此说:
‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, soceyyāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Kāyasoceyyaṃ, vacīsoceyyaṃ, manosoceyyaṃ – imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi soceyyānī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
615“身清净,语清净,意清净无漏;
‘‘Kāyasuciṃ vacīsuciṃ , cetosucimanāsavaṃ;
616清净,具足清净,他们称他为断除一切者。”
Suciṃ soceyyasampannaṃ, āhu sabbappahāyina’’nti .
617这也是世尊所说的义理,我这样听闻到。第二。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. dutiyaṃ.
6188. 牟尼经
8. Moneyyasuttaṃ
67我曾这样听闻——这是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说的:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
620“比丘们,有这三种牟尼行。哪三种?身牟尼行、语牟尼行、意牟尼行——比丘们,这就是三种牟尼行。”这是世尊所说。关于这个义理,是这样说的:
‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, moneyyāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Kāyamoneyyaṃ, vacīmoneyyaṃ, manomoneyyaṃ – imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi moneyyānī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
621“身牟尼、语牟尼,意牟尼、无漏者,
‘‘Kāyamuniṃ vacīmuniṃ, manomunimanāsavaṃ;
622牟尼成就了牟尼行,人们称他为洗净罪恶者。”
Muniṃ moneyyasampannaṃ, āhu ninhātapāpaka’’nti .
623这个义理也是世尊所说,我这样听闻。第十经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Dasamaṃ.
624它的摄颂:
Tassuddānaṃ –
6259. 第一贪经
9. Paṭhamarāgasuttaṃ
68这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
627“比丘们,任何人只要贪还没舍断、嗔还没舍断、痴还没舍断——比丘们,这个人就叫作‘被魔套住了,魔的套索已经套上,随顺邪恶者的意愿被摆布’。比丘们,任何人贪已舍断、嗔已舍断、痴已舍断——比丘们,这个人就叫作‘没被魔套住,魔的套索已经解下,不随顺邪恶者的意愿被摆布’。”这是世尊所说。关于这个义理,是这样说的:
‘‘Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, rāgo appahīno, doso appahīno, moho appahīno – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ‘baddho mārassa paṭimukkassa mārapāso yathākāmakaraṇīyo pāpimato’. Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, rāgo pahīno, doso pahīno, moho pahīno – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ‘abaddho mārassa omukkassa mārapāso na yathā kāmakaraṇīyo pāpimato’’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
628凡已消除贪、嗔和无明的人——
‘‘Yassa rāgo ca doso ca, avijjā ca virājitā;
629他是已修习自我、殊胜的梵行成就者、如来,
Taṃ bhāvitattaññataraṃ, brahmabhūtaṃ tathāgataṃ;
630是超越了敌意与恐惧的觉者,人们称他为舍断一切者。
Buddhaṃ verabhayātītaṃ, āhu sabbappahāyina’’nti.
631这个道理也是世尊说过的,我是这样听到的。第四。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Catutthaṃ.
63210. 第二贪经
10. Dutiyarāgasuttaṃ
69这确实是世尊说过的话,是阿拉汉说过的话,我是这样听到的——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
634比丘们,无论哪位比丘或比丘尼,贪未舍断、嗔未舍断、痴未舍断——比丘们,这人就叫做'没有渡过大洋,那个有波涛、有漩涡、有鳄鱼、有罗刹的大洋'。比丘们,无论哪位比丘或比丘尼,贪已舍断、嗔已舍断、痴已舍断——比丘们,这人就叫做'已渡过大洋,那个有波涛、有漩涡、有鳄鱼、有罗刹的大洋,他已经渡过、到达彼岸,作为婆罗门站在干地上'。世尊宣说了这个义理。关于这个义理,它是这样说的——
‘‘Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā rāgo appahīno, doso appahīno, moho appahīno – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, na ‘atari samuddaṃ saūmiṃ savīciṃ sāvaṭṭaṃ sagahaṃ sarakkhasaṃ’. Yassa kassaci, bhikkhave, bhikkhussa vā bhikkhuniyā vā rāgo pahīno, doso pahīno, moho pahīno – ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, ‘atari samuddaṃ saūmiṃ savīciṃ sāvaṭṭaṃ sagahaṃ sarakkhasaṃ, tiṇṇo pāraṅgato thale tiṭṭhati brāhmaṇo’’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
635谁已调伏贪、嗔、痴,
‘‘Yassa rāgo ca doso ca, avijjā ca virājitā;
636他就越过了有鳄鱼、有罗刹、有浪涌之险、难以渡过的海洋。
Somaṃ samuddaṃ sagahaṃ sarakkhasaṃ, saūmibhayaṃ duttaraṃ accatāri.
637他超越执着,弃绝死亡,无有依着,为不再有来生而舍断了苦。
‘‘Saṅgātigo maccujaho nirūpadhi, pahāsi dukkhaṃ apunabbhavāya;
638他已到达究竟,不可衡量;我说他已不再迷惑死王。
Atthaṅgato so na pamāṇameti, amohayi maccurājanti brūmī’’ti.
639这个义理也是世尊说过的,我是这样听到的。第三经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Tatiyaṃ.
640第二品完
Dutiyo vaggo niṭṭhito.
641其摄颂——
Tassuddānaṃ –
642福德、眼、根、久远、行、两种悲伤,牟尼、两种贪——他们称此为第二品殊胜品。
Puññaṃ cakkhu atha indriyāni , addhā ca caritaṃ duve soci ;
643(摄颂)
Muno atha rāgaduve, puna vaggamāhu dutiyamuttamanti.
644第三品
3. Tatiyavaggo
6453. 第三品
3. Tatiyavaggo
6461. 邪见者经
1. Micchādiṭṭhikasuttaṃ
70这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,如是我闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
648“比丘们,我曾亲眼看到,那些具有身恶行、具有语恶行、具有意恶行、诽谤圣者、持有邪见、受持邪见业的众生,在身体破裂、死后,投生到了苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。
‘‘Diṭṭhā mayā, bhikkhave, sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā vacīduccaritena samannāgatā manoduccaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā. Te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā.
649“比丘们,我这么说,并不是听了其他沙门或婆罗门的话才说的。比丘们,我曾亲眼看到,那些具有身恶行、具有语恶行、具有意恶行、诽谤圣者、持有邪见、受持邪见业的众生,在身体破裂、死后,投生到了苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。比丘们,我是把自己所亲身了知、亲眼所见、亲身确认的事情,就只说这个。”
‘‘Taṃ kho panāhaṃ, bhikkhave, nāññassa samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā sutvā vadāmi. Diṭṭhā mayā, bhikkhave, sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā vacīduccaritena samannāgatā manoduccaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā. Te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā. Api ca, bhikkhave, yadeva sāmaṃ ñātaṃ sāmaṃ diṭṭhaṃ sāmaṃ viditaṃ tadevāhaṃ vadāmi.
650“比丘们,我看见那些具足身恶行、具足语恶行、具足意恶行,诽谤圣者、持邪见、行邪见之业的众生,他们在身体崩解、死后,投生到了苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。”这是世尊所说之义。关于这一点,是这样说的:
‘‘Diṭṭhā mayā, bhikkhave, sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā vacīduccaritena samannāgatā manoduccaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā. Te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
651“心向邪道思惟后,又以邪道出言语;
‘‘Micchā manaṃ paṇidhāya, micchā vācañca bhāsiya ;
652此人于此世间中,以身造作诸邪业。
Micchā kammāni katvāna, kāyena idha puggalo.
653“少学少闻不行善,于此短促生命中;
‘‘Appassutāpuññakaro , appasmiṃ idha jīvite;
654身坏命终之后,这愚人便堕入地狱。
Kāyassa bhedā duppañño, nirayaṃ sopapajjatī’’ti.
655此义也是世尊所说,我如是听闻。第十经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Dasamaṃ.
656其摄颂:
Tassuddānaṃ –
6572. 正见者经
2. Sammādiṭṭhikasuttaṃ
71这是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
659“比丘们,我亲眼见到那些具足身善行、具足语善行、具足意善行、不诽谤圣者、具足正见、受持正见业的人。他们在身体崩解、死后,投生到了善趣、天界。”
‘‘Diṭṭhā mayā, bhikkhave, sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā vacīsucaritena samannāgatā manosucaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā. Te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā.
660“但比丘们,我不是从其他沙门或婆罗门那里听到后才这么说的。比丘们,我亲眼见到那些具足身善行、具足语善行、具足意善行、不诽谤圣者、具足正见、受持正见业的人。他们在身体崩解、死后,投生到了善趣、天界。比丘们,我只是把自己亲自了知的、亲自看见的、亲自明白的,才说出来。”
‘‘Taṃ kho panāhaṃ, bhikkhave, nāññassa samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā sutvā vadāmi. Diṭṭhā mayā , bhikkhave, sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā vacīsucaritena samannāgatā manosucaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā. Te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā. Api ca, bhikkhave, yadeva sāmaṃ ñātaṃ sāmaṃ diṭṭhaṃ sāmaṃ viditaṃ tadevāhaṃ vadāmi.
661“比丘们,我亲眼见到那些具足身善行、具足语善行、具足意善行、不诽谤圣者、具足正见、受持正见业的人。他们在身体崩解、死后,投生到了善趣、天界。”世尊说了这个意思。对此,是这样说的:
‘‘Diṭṭhā mayā, bhikkhave, sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā vacīsucaritena samannāgatā manosucaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā. Te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
662“正确地安立了心意,正确地说了言语,
‘‘Sammā manaṃ paṇidhāya, sammā vācañca bhāsiya ;
663正确地造作了身体的行为,这个人在这个世间。”
Sammā kammāni katvāna, kāyena idha puggalo.
664一个有学问又行善的人,在这有限的一生里;
‘‘Bahussuto puññakaro, appasmiṃ idha jīvite;
665身体破裂之后,有智慧的人,投生到天界。”
Kāyassa bhedā sappañño, saggaṃ so upapajjatī’’ti.
666这个义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第三经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Tatiyaṃ.
6673. 出离经
3. Nissaraṇiyasuttaṃ
72这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻:——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
669“比丘们,有三种出离界。哪三种?欲的出离就是离欲,色的出离就是无色;而凡是任何存在、被造作、依缘而生的东西,它的出离就是灭——比丘们,这就是三种出离界。”世尊说了这个义理。对此,便这样说道:
‘‘Tisso imā, bhikkhave, nissaraṇiyā dhātuyo. Katamā tisso? Kāmānametaṃ nissaraṇaṃ yadidaṃ nekkhammaṃ, rūpānametaṃ nissaraṇaṃ yadidaṃ āruppaṃ, yaṃ kho pana kiñci bhūtaṃ saṅkhataṃ paṭiccasamuppannaṃ nirodho tassa nissaraṇaṃ – imā kho, bhikkhave, tisso nissaraṇiyā dhātuyo’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
670“知道欲的出离,并能超越一切色,
‘‘Kāmanissaraṇaṃ ñatvā, rūpānañca atikkamaṃ;
671精进者在一切时候都触证一切行的止息。
Sabbasaṅkhārasamathaṃ, phusaṃ ātāpi sabbadā.
672他确实是正见的比丘,当他在那里解脱时;
‘‘Sa ve sammaddaso bhikkhu, yato tattha vimuccati;
673通晓而成就、寂静,他确实已超越执著,是牟尼。
Abhiññāvosito santo, sa ve yogātigo munī’’ti.
674这义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第二经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Dutiyaṃ.
6754. 寂静经
4. Santatarasuttaṃ
73“比丘们,被三种不善法所征服、心被彻底掌控的提婆达多,注定堕入恶趣、地狱,在那里待上整整一劫,无法挽救。是哪三种呢?比丘们,被恶性贪求所征服、心被彻底掌控的提婆达多,注定堕入恶趣、地狱,在那里待上整整一劫,无法挽救。比丘们,被恶友所征服、心被彻底掌控的提婆达多,注定堕入恶趣、地狱,在那里待上整整一劫,无法挽救。而且,在还有更高修行任务需要完成时,他却因为一点微不足道的殊胜成就,就半途而废、停了下来。比丘们,就是被这三种不善法所征服、心被彻底掌控的提婆达多,注定堕入恶趣、地狱,在那里待上整整一劫,无法挽救。”世尊说明了这个义理。关于这一点,是这样说的:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
677“比丘们,无色比色更寂静,而寂灭又比无色更寂静。” 世尊说了这个义理。在这情形下,这被如是说:
‘‘Rūpehi, bhikkhave, arūpā santatarā, arūpehi nirodho santataro’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
678那些往生色界的众生,还有那些安住无色界的,
‘‘Ye ca rūpūpagā sattā, ye ca arūpaṭṭhāyino ;
679由于不了知灭尽,还会一再回来再生。
Nirodhaṃ appajānantā, āgantāro punabbhavaṃ.
680而那些遍知了色的人,在无色界中不住著,
‘‘Ye ca rūpe pariññāya, arūpesu asaṇṭhitā;
681在灭尽中解脱,这些人战胜了死神。
Nirodhe ye vimuccanti, te janā maccuhāyino.
682以身触证无依着的不死界,
‘‘Kāyena amataṃ dhātuṃ, phusayitvā nirūpadhiṃ;
683亲证依着的彻底舍断,成为无漏者。
Upadhippaṭinissaggaṃ, sacchikatvā anāsavo;
684正自觉者教导无苦、无垢的境界。
Deseti sammāsambuddho, asokaṃ virajaṃ pada’’nti.
685这个义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第十经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Dasamaṃ.
686它的摄颂:
Tassuddānaṃ –
6875. 子经
5. Puttasuttaṃ
74这确实是被世尊所说,被阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
689“比丘们,世间存在三种儿子。哪三种?超越型的儿子、同类型的儿子、低劣型的儿子。”
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, puttā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Atijāto, anujāto, avajātoti.
690“比丘们,怎样算是超越型的儿子呢?比丘们,这里,儿子的父母不皈依佛、不皈依法、不皈依僧;不远离杀生、不远离偷盗、不远离邪淫、不远离妄语、不远离饮酒,戒行败坏,习性恶劣。而他们的儿子却皈依佛、皈依法、皈依僧;远离杀生、远离偷盗、远离邪淫、远离妄语、远离饮酒,持戒守德,习性良善。比丘们,这样就算是超越型的儿子。”
‘‘Kathañca , bhikkhave, putto atijāto hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, puttassa mātāpitaro honti na buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā, na dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā, na saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā; pāṇātipātā appaṭiviratā, adinnādānā appaṭiviratā, kāmesumicchācārā appaṭiviratā, musāvādā appaṭiviratā, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā appaṭiviratā, dussīlā pāpadhammā. Putto ca nesaṃ hoti buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gato, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gato, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gato; pāṇātipātā paṭivirato, adinnādānā paṭivirato, kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato, musāvādā paṭivirato, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato, sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, putto atijāto hoti.
691“比丘们,怎样算是同类型的儿子呢?比丘们,这里,儿子的父母皈依佛、皈依法、皈依僧;远离杀生、远离偷盗、远离邪淫、远离妄语、远离饮酒,持戒守德,习性良善。而他们的儿子也同样皈依佛、皈依法、皈依僧;远离杀生、远离偷盗、远离邪淫、远离妄语、远离饮酒,持戒守德,习性良善。比丘们,这样就算是同类型的儿子。”
‘‘Kathañca , bhikkhave, putto anujāto hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, puttassa mātāpitaro honti buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā; pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā, adinnādānā paṭiviratā, kāmesumicchācārā paṭiviratā, musāvādā paṭiviratā, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭiviratā, sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā. Puttopi nesaṃ hoti buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gato, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gato, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gato; pāṇātipātā paṭivirato, adinnādānā paṭivirato, kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato, musāvādā paṭivirato, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭivirato, sīlavā kalyāṇadhammo. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, putto anujāto hoti.
692“比丘们,那什么是劣生子呢?比丘们,这里有这样的子女:他的父母归依了佛、归依了法、归依了僧;远离了杀生、远离了不与取、远离了欲邪行、远离了虚妄语、远离了导致放逸的谷酒果酒等酒类,是有戒德、具善法的人。而他们的子女呢,不归依佛、不归依法、不归依僧;不远离杀生、不远离不与取、不远离欲邪行、不远离虚妄语、不远离导致放逸的谷酒果酒等酒类,是戒行败坏、具恶法的人。比丘们,这样就是劣生子。比丘们,世间确实存在着这三种子女。”这是世尊所开示的义理。关于此义理,如是说道:
‘‘Kathañca , bhikkhave, putto avajāto hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, puttassa mātāpitaro honti buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā, dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā, saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā; pāṇātipātā paṭiviratā, adinnādānā paṭiviratā, kāmesumicchācārā paṭiviratā, musāvādā paṭiviratā, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā paṭiviratā, sīlavanto kalyāṇadhammā. Putto ca nesaṃ hoti na buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gato, na dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gato, na saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gato; pāṇātipātā appaṭivirato, adinnādānā appaṭivirato, kāmesumicchācārā appaṭivirato, musāvādā appaṭivirato, surāmerayamajjapamādaṭṭhānā appaṭivirato, dussīlo pāpadhammo. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, putto avajāto hoti. Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo puttā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmi’’nti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
693“智者期望得到超生子或随生子,
‘‘Atijātaṃ anujātaṃ, puttamicchanti paṇḍitā;
694他们不希望得到劣生子,那种会让家族蒙羞的人。
Avajātaṃ na icchanti, yo hoti kulagandhano.
695“这些在世间的子女们,成为了近事男;
‘‘Ete kho puttā lokasmiṃ, ye bhavanti upāsakā;
696他们具足信心与戒德,乐善好施、远离悭吝;
Saddhā sīlena sampannā, vadaññū vītamaccharā;
697如同明月从层层的乌云中解脱,在众人之中闪耀光芒。”
Cando abbhaghanā mutto, parisāsu virocare’’ti.
698这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,如是我闻——
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Navamaṃ.
6996. 无雨经
6. Avuṭṭhikasuttaṃ
75这确实是世尊所说、是阿拉汉所说,如是我闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
701“比丘们,世间存在着这三种人。哪三种?像完全不下雨的人、像局部下雨的人、像到处都下雨的人。
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame tayo? Avuṭṭhikasamo , padesavassī, sabbatthābhivassī.
702“比丘们,什么样的人是像完全不下雨的人呢?比丘们,有一种人,他对任何人都不给予食物、饮水、衣物、车乘、花鬘、香、涂香、卧具、住处、灯明,不管是沙门、婆罗门,还是穷人、流浪者、乞讨者。比丘们,这样的人就是像完全不下雨的人。
‘‘Kathañca , bhikkhave, puggalo avuṭṭhikasamo hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo sabbesaññeva na dātā hoti, samaṇabrāhmaṇakapaṇaddhikavanibbakayācakānaṃ annaṃ pānaṃ vatthaṃ yānaṃ mālāgandhavilepanaṃ seyyāvasathapadīpeyyaṃ. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo avuṭṭhikasamo hoti.
703“比丘们,什么样的人是像局部下雨的人呢?比丘们,有一种人,他只给一些人,不给另一些人食物、饮水、衣物、车乘、花鬘、香、涂香、卧具、住处、灯明,对象是沙门、婆罗门、穷人、流浪者、乞讨者。比丘们,这样的人就是像局部下雨的人。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo padesavassī hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo ekaccānaṃ dātā (hoti) , ekaccānaṃ na dātā hoti samaṇabrāhmaṇakapaṇaddhikavanibbakayācakānaṃ annaṃ pānaṃ vatthaṃ yānaṃ mālāgandhavilepanaṃ seyyāvasathapadīpeyyaṃ. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo padesavassī hoti.
704“比丘们,什么样的人是像到处都下雨的人呢?比丘们,有一种人,他给所有人食物、饮水、衣物、车乘、花鬘、香、涂香、卧具、住处、灯明,对象是沙门、婆罗门、穷人、流浪者、乞讨者。比丘们,这样的人就是像到处都下雨的人。比丘们,世间确实存在着这三种人。”这是世尊所开示的义理。关于这一点,是这样说的:
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, puggalo sabbatthābhivassī hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo sabbesaṃva deti, samaṇabrāhmaṇakapaṇaddhikavanibbakayācakānaṃ annaṃ pānaṃ vatthaṃ yānaṃ mālāgandhavilepanaṃ seyyāvasathapadīpeyyaṃ. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, puggalo sabbatthābhivassī hoti. Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmi’’nti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
705他不给沙门,不给婆罗门,也不给穷困潦倒的乞食者;
‘‘Na samaṇe na brāhmaṇe, na kapaṇaddhikavanibbake;
706得到食物、饮品和饮食后,他却分发给别人;
Laddhāna saṃvibhājeti, annaṃ pānañca bhojanaṃ;
707那样的人,就像无雨的天空,人们称他为最低劣的人。
Taṃ ve avuṭṭhikasamoti, āhu naṃ purisādhamaṃ.
708他对某些人不给,对某些人给予;
‘‘Ekaccānaṃ na dadāti, ekaccānaṃ pavecchati;
709有智慧的人称他为局部下雨的人。
Taṃ ve padesavassīti, āhu medhāvino janā.
710这个人言语善良,悲悯一切众生。
‘‘Subhikkhavāco puriso, sabbabhūtānukampako;
711他欢欢喜喜地布施,嘴里说着'给吧,给吧'。
Āmodamāno pakireti, detha dethāti bhāsati.
712就像乌云雷鸣阵阵,咆哮过后降下雨水,
‘‘Yathāpi megho thanayitvā, gajjayitvā pavassati;
713雨水奔流灌注,高低之处全被填满。
Thalaṃ ninnañca pūreti, abhisandantova vārinā.
714这个世间也正如此,有这样一种人:
‘‘Evameva idhekacco, puggalo hoti tādiso;
715他如法聚集财富,财富是勤奋换来的,
Dhammena saṃharitvāna, uṭṭhānādhigataṃ dhanaṃ;
716然后以饮食款待,那些该受供养的贫困者。
Tappeti annapānena, sammā patte vanibbake’’ti.
717这个义理也是世尊所说,我如是听闻。第八经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
7187. 乐愿经
7. Sukhapatthanāsuttaṃ
76这也是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
720“比丘们,智者希望得到三种快乐,就会守护戒。哪三种?‘愿称赞来到我身上’,智者这样守护戒;‘愿财富在我这里生起’,智者这样守护戒;‘身坏命终之后,我将投生善趣、天界’,智者这样守护戒。比丘们,智者希望得到这三种快乐,就会守护戒。”这个义理,世尊宣说了。关于这个义理,是这样说的:
‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, sukhāni patthayamāno sīlaṃ rakkheyya paṇḍito. Katamāni tīṇi? Pasaṃsā me āgacchatūti sīlaṃ rakkheyya paṇḍito, bhogā me uppajjantūti sīlaṃ rakkheyya paṇḍito, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjissāmīti sīlaṃ rakkheyya paṇḍito. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi sukhāni patthayamāno sīlaṃ rakkheyya paṇḍito’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
721“有智慧的人,希望得到三种快乐,应当守护戒;
‘‘Sīlaṃ rakkheyya medhāvī, patthayāno tayo sukhe;
722称赞、财富的获得,以及死后在天界的欢喜。
Pasaṃsaṃ vittalābhañca, pecca sagge pamodanaṃ.
723“即使自己不造恶,却亲近造恶的人;
‘‘Akarontopi ce pāpaṃ, karontamupasevati;
724在恶行中变得可疑,恶名便会随之蔓延。
Saṅkiyo hoti pāpasmiṃ, avaṇṇo cassa rūhati.
725他结交什么样的朋友,他亲近什么样的人,
‘‘Yādisaṃ kurute mittaṃ, yādisaṃ cūpasevati;
726他自己也会变成那样,因为与谁共处,就会成为那样。
Sa ve tādisako hoti, sahavāso hi tādiso.
727交往者与所交往者,接触者与所接触者,
‘‘Sevamāno sevamānaṃ, samphuṭṭho samphusaṃ paraṃ;
728就像涂了毒的箭会污染箭袋里未涂毒的箭;
Saro diddho kalāpaṃva, alittamupalimpati;
729由于害怕被沾染,智者绝不去交恶友。
Upalepabhayā dhīro, neva pāpasakhā siyā.
730一个人用草叶去包裹臭鱼,
‘‘Pūtimacchaṃ kusaggena, yo naro upanayhati;
731那些草叶也会变臭,亲近愚人就是这样。
Kusāpi pūti vāyanti, evaṃ bālūpasevanā.
732一个人用叶子去包裹多揭罗香,
‘‘Tagarañca palāsena, yo naro upanayhati;
733那些叶子也会变香,亲近智者就是这样。
Pattāpi surabhi vāyanti, evaṃ dhīrūpasevanā.
734因此,明白自己就像那包裹东西的叶子,
‘‘Tasmā pattapuṭasseva , ñatvā sampākamattano;
735智者不应亲近不善之人,只应亲近善人。
Asante nupaseveyya, sante seveyya paṇḍito;
736不善者导向地狱,善者导向善趣。
Asanto nirayaṃ nenti, santo pāpenti suggati’’nti.
737这个义理也是世尊所说,我如是听闻。第一。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Paṭhamaṃ.
7388. 破裂经
8. Bhidurasuttaṃ
77这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
740“诸比丘,这个身体会坏灭,识有离染的性质,一切依着都是无常、苦、变坏法。”这是世尊所说的义理。关于这个,这里这样说到:
‘‘Bhidurāyaṃ , bhikkhave, kāyo, viññāṇaṃ virāgadhammaṃ, sabbe upadhī aniccā dukkhā vipariṇāmadhammā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
741“知道身体会坏灭,也知道识会离染,
‘‘Kāyañca bhiduraṃ ñatvā, viññāṇañca virāgunaṃ ;
742见到依着中的恐惧,他超越了生死。”
Upadhīsu bhayaṃ disvā, jātimaraṇamaccagā;
743达到了最高的寂静,那位修习圆熟的人,安住等待最后的时刻。
Sampatvā paramaṃ santiṃ, kālaṃ kaṅkhati bhāvitatto’’ti.
744这个道理也是世尊宣讲的,我是这样听来的。第四品。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Catutthaṃ.
7459. 界流动经
9. Dhātusosaṃsandanasuttaṃ
78这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
747比丘们,众生依界而与众生相应、相合。志向低劣的众生与志向低劣的众生相应、相合;志向良善的众生与志向良善的众生相应、相合。
‘‘Dhātuso, bhikkhave, sattā sattehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samenti. Hīnādhimuttikā sattā hīnādhimuttikehi sattehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samenti, kalyāṇādhimuttikā sattā kalyāṇādhimuttikehi sattehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samenti.
748比丘们,在过去时,众生也是依界而与众生相应、相合。志向低劣的众生与志向低劣的众生相应、相合;志向良善的众生与志向良善的众生相应、相合。
‘‘Atītampi, bhikkhave, addhānaṃ dhātusova sattā sattehi saddhiṃ saṃsandiṃsu samiṃsu. Hīnādhimuttikā sattā hīnādhimuttikehi sattehi saddhiṃ saṃsandiṃsu samiṃsu, kalyāṇādhimuttikā sattā kalyāṇādhimuttikehi sattehi saddhiṃ saṃsandiṃsu samiṃsu.
749比丘们,在未来时,众生也将依界而与众生相应、相合。志向低劣的众生将与志向低劣的众生相应、相合;志向良善的众生将与志向良善的众生相应、相合。
‘‘Anāgatampi , bhikkhave, addhānaṃ dhātusova sattā sattehi saddhiṃ saṃsandissanti samessanti. Hīnādhimuttikā sattā hīnādhimuttikehi sattehi saddhiṃ saṃsandissanti samessanti, kalyāṇādhimuttikā sattā kalyāṇādhimuttikehi sattehi saddhiṃ saṃsandissanti samessanti.
750比丘们,即便是现在,在当前这个时期,也是性行相同的众生们会彼此聚合、会合在一起。性行低劣的众生,与性行低劣的众生彼此聚合、会合在一起;性行良善的众生,与性行良善的众生彼此聚合、会合在一起。
‘‘Etarahipi, bhikkhave, paccuppanaṃ addhānaṃ dhātusova sattā sattehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samenti. Hīnādhimuttikā sattā hīnādhimuttikehi sattehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samenti, kalyāṇādhimuttikā sattā kalyāṇādhimuttikehi sattehi saddhiṃ saṃsandanti samentī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
751正是由于交往,贪欲的丛林才得以滋生;通过不交往,它便被切断。
‘‘Saṃsaggā vanatho jāto, asaṃsaggena chijjati;
752就像只攀上一根小木头,就会在汪洋大海中沉没一样。
Parittaṃ dārumāruyha, yathā sīde mahaṇṇave.
753同样地,亲近了怠惰之人,即便是本来好好生活的人也会沉没。
‘‘Evaṃ kusītamāgamma, sādhujīvīpi sīdati;
754因此,应当避开那种人——怠惰、精进不足的人。
Tasmā taṃ parivajjeyya, kusītaṃ hīnavīriyaṃ.
755要与那些远离尘嚣的圣者们、精进努力的禅修者们相处,
‘‘Pavivittehi ariyehi, pahitattehi jhāyibhi;
756要始终与精进的智者共住。
Niccaṃ āraddhavīriyehi, paṇḍitehi sahāvase’’ti.
757这义理也是世尊所说,我如是听闻。第七经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Sattamaṃ.
75810. 退失经
10. Parihānasuttaṃ
79这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
760“比丘们,有这三种法会导致有学的比丘退失。哪三种呢?比丘们,这里有学的比丘乐于事务,喜欢事务,热衷于事务;乐于谈论,喜欢谈论,热衷于谈论;乐于睡眠,喜欢睡眠,热衷于睡眠。比丘们,这正是导致有学比丘退失的三种法。”
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, dhammā sekhassa bhikkhuno parihānāya saṃvattanti. Katame tayo? Idha, bhikkhave, sekho bhikkhu kammārāmo hoti, kammarato, kammārāmatamanuyutto; bhassārāmo hoti, bhassarato, bhassārāmatamanuyutto; niddārāmo hoti, niddārato, niddārāmatamanuyutto. Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo dhammā sekhassa bhikkhuno parihānāya saṃvattanti.
761“比丘们,有这三种法不会导致有学比丘退失。哪三种呢?比丘们,这里有学比丘不乐于事务,不喜欢事务,不热衷于事务;不乐于谈论,不喜欢谈论,不热衷于谈论;不乐于睡眠,不喜欢睡眠,不热衷于睡眠。比丘们,这正是不会导致有学比丘退失的三种法。”世尊说了这个义理。关于这个义理,如此说——
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, dhammā sekhassa bhikkhuno aparihānāya saṃvattanti. Katame tayo? Idha, bhikkhave, sekho bhikkhu na kammārāmo hoti, na kammarato, na kammārāmatamanuyutto; na bhassārāmo hoti, na bhassarato, na bhassārāmatamanuyutto; na niddārāmo hoti, na niddārato , na niddārāmatamanuyutto. Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo dhammā sekhassa bhikkhuno aparihānāya saṃvattantī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
762“乐于事务,乐于谈论,乐于睡眠且心浮躁;
‘‘Kammārāmo bhassārāmo , niddārāmo ca uddhato;
763这样的比丘,不可能证悟无上正觉。
Abhabbo tādiso bhikkhu, phuṭṭhuṃ sambodhimuttamaṃ.
764因此,少事务、不昏沉、不掉举,
‘‘Tasmā hi appakiccassa, appamiddho anuddhato;
765这样的比丘,能够证悟无上正觉。
Bhabbo so tādiso bhikkhu, phuṭṭhuṃ sambodhimuttama’’nti.
766这个义理也是世尊所说,我这样听闻。第八。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
767第三品完
Tatiyo vaggo niṭṭhito.
768其摄颂——
Tassuddānaṃ –
769二见、出离、色、儿子、无雨。
Dve diṭṭhī nissaraṇaṃ rūpaṃ, putto avuṭṭhikena ca;
770快乐是易碎的元素,他们因衰退而落得如此。
Sukhā ca bhiduro dhātu, parihānena te dasāti.
771第四品
4. Catutthavaggo
772第四品
4. Catutthavaggo
7731. 寻经
1. Vitakkasuttaṃ
80这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
775“比丘们,有这三种不善寻思。哪三种?与希望不被轻视相关的寻思,与利得、恭敬、名声相关的寻思,与悲悯他人相关的寻思。比丘们,这就是三种不善寻思。”世尊说了这个道理。对此,如此说:
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, akusalavitakkā. Katame tayo? Anavaññattipaṭisaṃyutto vitakko, lābhasakkārasilokapaṭisaṃyutto vitakko, parānuddayatāpaṭisaṃyutto vitakko. Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo akusalavitakkā’’ti . Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
776“与不被轻视相关的寻思,热衷于利得、恭敬和名声;
‘‘Anavaññattisaṃyutto, lābhasakkāragāravo;
777乐于与同伴一同欢喜,便远离结的灭尽。”
Sahanandī amaccehi, ārā saṃyojanakkhayā.
778他舍弃了儿女、牲畜,以及婚嫁的财物;
‘‘Yo ca puttapasuṃ hitvā, vivāhe saṃharāni ca;
779这样的比丘,能够体证最上的正觉。
Bhabbo so tādiso bhikkhu, phuṭṭhuṃ sambodhimuttama’’nti.
780这个义理也是世尊所说,我如是听闻。第五。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Pañcamaṃ.
7812. 恭敬经
2. Sakkārasuttaṃ
81这是世尊所说、阿拉汉所说,我如此听闻到——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
783“诸比丘,我看见众生被恭敬征服,心被耗尽,身坏命终后,生于苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。
‘‘Diṭṭhā mayā, bhikkhave, sattā sakkārena abhibhūtā, pariyādinnacittā, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā.
784“诸比丘,我看见众生被不恭敬征服,心被耗尽,身坏命终后,生于苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。”
‘‘Diṭṭhā mayā, bhikkhave, sattā asakkārena abhibhūtā, pariyādinnacittā, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā.
785比丘们,我看见一些众生被恭敬和不恭敬这两者所压倒,心被制伏,身体破裂死亡之后,投生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。
‘‘Diṭṭhā mayā, bhikkhave, sattā sakkārena ca asakkārena ca tadubhayena abhibhūtā, pariyādinnacittā, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā.
786比丘们,我并不是听了其他沙门或婆罗门的说法才这样说;比丘们,凡是靠我自己了知、自己看见、自己明了的事,我才这样说。
‘‘Taṃ kho panāhaṃ, bhikkhave, nāññassa samaṇassa vā brāhmaṇassa vā sutvā vadāmi; ( ) api ca, bhikkhave, yadeva me sāmaṃ ñātaṃ sāmaṃ diṭṭhaṃ sāmaṃ viditaṃ tamevāhaṃ vadāmi.
787比丘们,我看见一些众生被恭敬所压倒,心被制伏,身体破裂死亡之后,投生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。
‘‘Diṭṭhā mayā, bhikkhave, sattā sakkārena abhibhūtā, pariyādinnacittā, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā.
788比丘们,我看见一些众生被不恭敬所压倒,心被制伏,身体破裂死亡之后,投生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。
‘‘Diṭṭhā mayā, bhikkhave, sattā asakkārena abhibhūtā, pariyādinnacittā, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā.
789比丘们,我看见一些众生被恭敬和不恭敬这两者所压倒,心被制伏,身体破裂死亡之后,投生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。世尊宣说了这个道理。关于这件事,是这样说的:
‘‘Diṭṭhā mayā, bhikkhave, sattā sakkārena ca asakkārena ca tadubhayena abhibhūtā, pariyādinnacittā, kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
790对于正受恭敬的人、对于不恭敬,以及这两者──
‘‘Yassa sakkariyamānassa, asakkārena cūbhayaṃ;
791住于不放逸的人,他的定不会动摇。
Samādhi na vikampati, appamādavihārino .
792那位持续禅修、观照微细之见的人,
‘‘Taṃ jhāyinaṃ sātatikaṃ, sukhumaṃ diṭṭhivipassakaṃ ;
793乐于取的灭尽——他们称之为善士。
Upādānakkhayārāmaṃ, āhu sappuriso itī’’ti.
794这个义理也是世尊所说,我如是听闻。第三经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Tatiyaṃ.
7953. 天声经
3. Devasaddasuttaṃ
82这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻。
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
797“诸比丘,有三种天音在天人当中,依时而现起。哪三种呢?诸比丘,当某时圣弟子剃除须发,披上袈裟衣,心里生起从在家向出家迈进的念头时,那时天人当中便现起天音:‘这位圣弟子正与魔罗作战。’诸比丘,这是第一种依时而现起的天人中的天音。”
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, devesu devasaddā niccharanti samayā samayaṃ upādāya. Katame tayo? Yasmiṃ, bhikkhave, samaye ariyasāvako kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajjāya ceteti, tasmiṃ samaye devesu devasaddo niccharati – ‘eso ariyasāvako mārena saddhiṃ saṅgāmāya cetetī’ti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo devesu devasaddo niccharati samayā samayaṃ upādāya.
798再者,比丘们,当圣弟子致力于修习那七种导向菩提的法,并持续投入时,在那时,天界中传出天人的呼声:‘这位圣弟子正与魔罗交战。’比丘们,这是根据不同的时机,在天界中所传出的第二种天人呼声。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, yasmiṃ samaye ariyasāvako sattannaṃ bodhipakkhiyānaṃ dhammānaṃ bhāvanānuyogamanuyutto viharati, tasmiṃ samaye devesu devasaddo niccharati – ‘eso ariyasāvako mārena saddhiṃ saṅgāmetī’ti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyo devesu devasaddo niccharati samayā samayaṃ upādāya.
799再者,比丘们,当圣弟子由于诸漏灭尽,就在这当下,亲自以通晓智慧体证无漏的心解脱、慧解脱,具足它而住时,在那时,天界中传出天人的呼声:‘这位圣弟子已经赢得了战斗,他征服了那场大战的前线,安稳地住立着。’比丘们,这是根据不同的时机,在天界中所传出的第三种天人呼声。比丘们,这些就是根据不同的时机,在天界中所传出的三种天人呼声。”这是世尊所说的意思。对此,经中是这么说的:
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, yasmiṃ samaye ariyasāvako āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati, tasmiṃ samaye devesu devasaddo niccharati – ‘eso ariyasāvako vijitasaṅgāmo tameva saṅgāmasīsaṃ abhivijiya ajjhāvasatī’ti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyo devesu devasaddo niccharati samayā samayaṃ upādāya. Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo devesu devasaddā niccharanti samayā samayaṃ upādāyā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
800当看见了战斗的胜利者,那位正等正觉者的弟子,
‘‘Disvā vijitasaṅgāmaṃ, sammāsambuddhasāvakaṃ;
801连天神们也礼敬他,那位伟大、已远离畏惧者。
Devatāpi namassanti, mahantaṃ vītasāradaṃ.
802向你致敬,你这位人中俊杰,你战胜了那难以战胜的——
‘‘Namo te purisājañña, yo tvaṃ dujjayamajjhabhū;
803那死神的军队,并且凭借解脱,再无阻碍。
Jetvāna maccuno senaṃ, vimokkhena anāvaraṃ.
804那些天神们这样礼敬他,这位心意清净圆满的人。
‘‘Iti hetaṃ namassanti, devatā pattamānasaṃ;
805因为天神们看不见那条路,那条让他会走向死亡掌控的路。
Tañhi tassa na passanti, yena maccuvasaṃ vaje’’ti.
806这一义理也是世尊所说,我如是听闻。第八。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
8074. 五前相经
4. Pañcapubbanimittasuttaṃ
83我这样听闻——这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说。
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
809比丘们,当天人从天众中将要死没的时候,有五种预兆会出现:花环枯萎,衣服变脏,腋下流出汗水,身体失去光泽,那位天人对自己的天座不再感到欢喜。比丘们,那时天人们知道‘这位天子将要死没了’,就用三句话来随喜祝福他:‘朋友啊,愿你从这儿前往善趣;到了善趣,愿你得到善得的利益;得到善得的利益之后,愿你稳稳安立。’
‘‘Yadā, bhikkhave, devo devakāyā cavanadhammo hoti, pañcassa pubbanimittāni pātubhavanti – mālā milāyanti, vatthāni kilissanti, kacchehi sedā muccanti, kāye dubbaṇṇiyaṃ okkamati, sake devo devāsane nābhiramatīti. Tamenaṃ, bhikkhave, devā ‘cavanadhammo ayaṃ devaputto’ti iti viditvā tīhi vācāhi anumodenti – ‘ito, bho, sugatiṃ gaccha, sugatiṃ gantvā suladdhalābhaṃ labha, suladdhalābhaṃ labhitvā suppatiṭṭhito bhavāhī’’’ti.
810这样说的时候,有一位比丘对世尊这样说:‘尊者,天人们所说的前往善趣是什么意思呢?尊者,天人们所说的得到善得的利益又是什么意思呢?尊者,天人们所说的稳稳安立又是什么意思呢?’
Evaṃ vutte, aññataro bhikkhu bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kinnu kho, bhante, devānaṃ sugatigamanasaṅkhātaṃ; kiñca, bhante, devānaṃ suladdhalābhasaṅkhātaṃ ; kiṃ pana, bhante, devānaṃ suppatiṭṭhitasaṅkhāta’’nti?
811“比丘们,人身被称为通往天界善趣之道;当他投生为人时,能在如来所宣说的法和律中获得信心。比丘们,这被称为天人们极其难得的收获;而且他所获得的那个信心确立下来,生了根,稳固坚定,不可动摇,无论沙门、婆罗门、天、魔、梵天或世间任何力量都无法把它拿走。比丘们,这被称为天人们极好的立足处。”
‘‘Manussattaṃ kho, bhikkhu , devānaṃ sugatigamanasaṅkhātaṃ; yaṃ manussabhūto samāno tathāgatappavedite dhammavinaye saddhaṃ paṭilabhati. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhu , devānaṃ suladdhalābhasaṅkhātaṃ; sā kho panassa saddhā niviṭṭhā hoti mūlajātā patiṭṭhitā daḷhā asaṃhāriyā samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ. Idaṃ kho, bhikkhu , devānaṃ suppatiṭṭhitasaṅkhāta’’nti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
812当天人寿命耗尽,从天界身陨落时,
‘‘Yadā devo devakāyā, cavati āyusaṅkhayā;
813天人们随喜赞叹时,有三种声音传出来:
Tayo saddā niccharanti, devānaṃ anumodataṃ.
814“贤者,你从此处前往善趣,去和人类共住吧;
‘‘‘Ito bho sugatiṃ gaccha, manussānaṃ sahabyataṃ;
815投生为人后,在正法中,获得那无上的信心吧。”
Manussabhūto saddhamme, labha saddhaṃ anuttaraṃ.
816“你确立起来的那份信心,生了根,已经稳固安立。”
‘‘‘Sā te saddhā niviṭṭhassa, mūlajātā patiṭṭhitā;
817终身在善说的正法中不动摇。
Yāvajīvaṃ asaṃhīrā, saddhamme suppavedite.
818“舍断了身恶行、语恶行,
‘‘Kāyaduccaritaṃ hitvā, vacīduccaritāni ca;
819舍断了意恶行,以及其他与嗔恨相关的恶行;
Manoduccaritaṃ hitvā, yañcaññaṃ dosasañhitaṃ.
820以身行了善,以语行了众多善;
‘‘‘Kāyena kusalaṃ katvā, vācāya kusalaṃ bahuṃ;
821以意行了无量的、无依著的善。
Manasā kusalaṃ katvā, appamāṇaṃ nirūpadhiṃ.
822然后,以布施做了许多有依著的福德;
‘‘‘Tato opadhikaṃ puññaṃ, katvā dānena taṃ bahuṃ;
823也把其他人引导到正法中,安立在梵行上。
Aññepi macce saddhamme, brahmacariye nivesaya’ .
824当诸天知道一位天神出于这份悲悯,
‘‘Imāya anukampāya, devā devaṃ yadā vidū;
825为他送别时随喜赞叹:'来吧,天神,一次次再来吧。'
Cavantaṃ anumodenti, ehi deva punappuna’’nti.
826这个义理也是世尊所说,我这样听闻。第五。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Pañcamaṃ.
8275. 众人利益经
5. Bahujanahitasuttaṃ
84这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
829“比丘们,世间有三种人,出生时是为了大众的利益、为了大众的安乐、出于对世间的悲悯、为了人天的利益、福祉和安乐。哪三种呢?比丘们,这里,如来、阿拉汉、正等正觉者、明行足、善逝、世间解、无上调御者、人天导师、佛陀、世尊出现在世间。他教导法,开始善妙、中间善妙、结尾善妙,义理与文句兼备,宣说完全圆满、清净的梵行。比丘们,这是世间第一种人,出生时是为了大众的利益、为了大众的安乐、出于对世间的悲悯、为了人天的利益、福祉和安乐。”
‘‘Tayome puggalā loke uppajjamānā uppajjanti bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Katame tayo? Idha, bhikkhave, tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā. So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, paṭhamo puggalo loke uppajjamāno uppajjati bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ.
830比丘们,其次,又有那位大师的弟子是阿拉汉、漏尽者,修行圆满,应做已做,放下了负担,达至真实目标,彻底断尽了有的结缚,以正智完全解脱。他宣说正法——初善、中善、后善,有义有文,示现完整圆满、全然清净的梵行。比丘们,这就是第二种人,出现在世间时,是为大众的利益、为大众的安乐,出于对世间的悲悯,为了天与人的利益、福祉与安乐。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, tasseva satthu sāvako arahaṃ hoti khīṇāsavo vusitavā katakaraṇīyo ohitabhāro anuppattasadattho parikkhīṇabhavasaṃyojano sammadaññā vimutto. So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, dutiyo puggalo loke uppajjamāno uppajjati bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ.
831比丘们,再者,又有那位大师的弟子是有学,正在行道,博学多闻,戒德具足。他也宣说正法——初善、中善、后善,有义有文,示现完整圆满、全然清净的梵行。比丘们,这就是第三种人,出现在世间时,是为大众的利益、为大众的安乐,出于对世间的悲悯,为了天与人的利益、福祉与安乐。比丘们,这三种人出现在世间时,就是为大众的利益、为大众的安乐,出于对世间的悲悯,为了天与人的利益、福祉与安乐。这就是世尊所说之意。对此,又这样说:
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, tasseva satthu sāvako sekho hoti pāṭipado bahussuto sīlavatūpapanno. Sopi dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Ayaṃ, bhikkhave, tatiyo puggalo loke uppajjamāno uppajjati bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussānaṃ. Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo puggalā loke uppajjamānā uppajjanti bahujanahitāya bahujanasukhāya lokānukampāya atthāya hitāya sukhāya devamanussāna’’nti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
832导师,确是世间第一的大圣者,他的弟子随学,已然成就;
‘‘Satthā hi loke paṭhamo mahesi, tassanvayo sāvako bhāvitatto;
833还有另一位,是正在行道的有学,博学多闻,戒德具足。
Athāparo pāṭipadopi sekho, bahussuto sīlavatūpapanno.
834这三人,是诸天与人中最超胜者,如光明的使者,宣说正法;
‘‘Ete tayo devamanussaseṭṭhā, pabhaṅkarā dhammamudīrayantā;
835他们打开不死之门,令众生从诸束缚中解脱出来。
Apāpuranti amatassa dvāraṃ, yogā pamocenti hujjanaṃ te.
836那些跟随无上商队领袖、被完善教导的道路而行的人,
‘‘Ye satthavāhena anuttarena, sudesitaṃ maggamanukkamanti ;
837他们就在此世结束痛苦——这些不放逸者,在善逝的教导中。”
Idheva dukkhassa karonti antaṃ, ye appamattā sugatassa sāsane’’ti.
838这义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第六品。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
8396. 随观不净经
6. Asubhānupassīsuttaṃ
85这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我是这样听到的——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
841“各位比丘,你们要安住于对身体的厌恶想观察;还要让入出息念在内在、在前方妥善建立;要安住于对一切行法的无常观察。各位比丘,对于安住观察身体厌恶想的人,对净色界的美妙贪爱随眠就会被舍断。由妥善建立了内在、前方的入出息念,那些属于困扰阵营的外在寻思使就不会生起。对于安住观察一切行法无常的人,无明就会被舍断,明就会得以生起。”这是世尊所说的义理。对此,如是说:
‘‘Asubhānupassī, bhikkhave, kāyasmiṃ viharatha; ānāpānassati ca vo ajjhattaṃ parimukhaṃ sūpaṭṭhitā hotu; sabbasaṅkhāresu aniccānupassino viharatha. Asubhānupassīnaṃ, bhikkhave, kāyasmiṃ viharataṃ yo subhāya dhātuyā rāgānusayo so pahīyati . Ānāpānassatiyā ajjhattaṃ parimukhaṃ sūpaṭṭhititāya ye bāhirā vitakkāsayā vighātapakkhikā, te na honti. Sabbasaṅkhāresu aniccānupassīnaṃ viharataṃ yā avijjā sā pahīyati, yā vijjā sā uppajjatī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
842“对身体作厌恶想观察,在入出息念上保持正念,
‘‘Asubhānupassī kāyasmiṃ, ānāpāne paṭissato;
843看见一切行寂灭的人,始终精勤热忱。
Sabbasaṅkhārasamathaṃ, passaṃ ātāpi sabbadā.
844他确实是正见的比丘,当从那里解脱时;
‘‘Sa ve sammaddaso bhikkhu, yato tattha vimuccati;
845他已完全通晓、成就寂静,他确实是超越束缚的牟尼。
Abhiññāvosito santo, sa ve yogātigo munī’’ti.
846这个道理也是世尊所说,我是这样听到的。第十经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Dasamaṃ.
847它的摄颂是:
Tassuddānaṃ –
8487. 随法行道经
7. Dhammānudhammapaṭipannasuttaṃ
86以下确实是世尊所说的,是阿拉汉所说的——如是我闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
850对于一位修法随法的比丘,他的法随法行是这样的:当他说“我修法随法”时,他只说法而不说非法;当他思考时,只作法的思考而不作非法的思考;又或者,他超越了这两种方式,安住于舍,有正念、正知。这就是世尊所说的义理。对此,这样说:
‘‘Dhammānudhammapaṭipannassa bhikkhuno ayamanudhammo hoti veyyākaraṇāya – dhammānudhammapaṭipannoyanti bhāsamāno dhammaññeva bhāsati no adhammaṃ, vitakkayamāno vā dhammavitakkaññeva vitakketi no adhammavitakkaṃ, tadubhayaṃ vā pana abhinivejjetvā upekkhako viharati sato sampajāno’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
851以法为乐,乐于法,随念思惟法,
‘‘Dhammārāmo dhammarato, dhammaṃ anuvicintayaṃ;
852比丘忆念法,不会从正法退失。
Dhammaṃ anussaraṃ bhikkhu, saddhammā na parihāyati.
853行走时,或站立时,或坐下时,或躺卧时,
‘‘Caraṃ vā yadi vā tiṭṭhaṃ, nisinno uda vā sayaṃ;
854调伏内在之心,他便证得寂静。
Ajjhattaṃ samayaṃ cittaṃ, santimevādhigacchatī’’ti.
855这个道理也是世尊宣说的,如是我闻。第六经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
8568. 作盲经
8. Andhakaraṇasuttaṃ
87这是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
858比丘们,有三种不善的寻思,它们导致盲目,没有慧眼,没有智慧,令智慧灭尽,伴随困扰,不能导向涅槃。哪三种呢?比丘们,欲寻思,它导致盲目,没有慧眼,没有智慧,令智慧灭尽,伴随困扰,不能导向涅槃。比丘们,嗔寻思,它导致盲目,没有慧眼,没有智慧,令智慧灭尽,伴随困扰,不能导向涅槃。比丘们,害寻思,它导致盲目,没有慧眼,没有智慧,令智慧灭尽,伴随困扰,不能导向涅槃。比丘们,就是这三种不善的寻思,它们导致盲目,没有慧眼,没有智慧,令智慧灭尽,伴随困扰,不能导向涅槃。
‘‘Tayome , bhikkhave, akusalavitakkā andhakaraṇā acakkhukaraṇā aññāṇakaraṇā paññānirodhikā vighātapakkhikā anibbānasaṃvattanikā . Katame tayo? Kāmavitakko, bhikkhave, andhakaraṇo acakkhukaraṇo aññāṇakaraṇo paññānirodhiko vighātapakkhiko anibbānasaṃvattaniko. Byāpādavitakko, bhikkhave, andhakaraṇo acakkhukaraṇo aññāṇakaraṇo paññānirodhiko vighātapakkhiko anibbānasaṃvattaniko. Vihiṃsāvitakko, bhikkhave, andhakaraṇo acakkhukaraṇo aññāṇakaraṇo paññānirodhiko vighātapakkhiko anibbānasaṃvattaniko. Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo akusalavitakkā andhakaraṇā acakkhukaraṇā aññāṇakaraṇā paññānirodhikā vighātapakkhikā anibbānasaṃvattanikā.
859比丘们,有三种善的寻思,它们不导致盲目,能生慧眼,能生智慧,令智慧增长,不伴随困扰,能导向涅槃。哪三种呢?比丘们,出离寻思,它不导致盲目,能生慧眼,能生智慧,令智慧增长,不伴随困扰,能导向涅槃。比丘们,无嗔寻思,它不导致盲目,能生慧眼,能生智慧,令智慧增长,不伴随困扰,能导向涅槃。比丘们,无害寻思,它不导致盲目,能生慧眼,能生智慧,令智慧增长,不伴随困扰,能导向涅槃。比丘们,就是这三种善的寻思,它们不导致盲目,能生慧眼,能生智慧,令智慧增长,不伴随困扰,能导向涅槃。这确实是世尊所说。关于这一点,又这样说:
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, kusalavitakkā anandhakaraṇā cakkhukaraṇā ñāṇakaraṇā paññāvuddhikā avighātapakkhikā nibbānasaṃvattanikā. Katame tayo? Nekkhammavitakko, bhikkhave, anandhakaraṇo cakkhukaraṇo ñāṇakaraṇo paññāvuddhiko avighātapakkhiko nibbānasaṃvattaniko. Abyāpādavitakko, bhikkhave, anandhakaraṇo cakkhukaraṇo ñāṇakaraṇo paññāvuddhiko avighātapakkhiko nibbānasaṃvattaniko. Avihiṃsāvitakko, bhikkhave, anandhakaraṇo cakkhukaraṇo ñāṇakaraṇo paññāvuddhiko avighātapakkhiko nibbānasaṃvattaniko. Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo kusalavitakkā anandhakaraṇā cakkhukaraṇā ñāṇakaraṇā paññāvuddhikā avighātapakkhikā nibbānasaṃvattanikā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
860他正确地修习三种善寻思,完全摒弃三种不善寻思,
‘‘Tayo vitakke kusale vitakkaye, tayo pana akusale nirākare;
861他确实止息了种种寻思与思虑,就像雨水洗净空中的尘土;
Sa ve vitakkāni vicāritāni, sameti vuṭṭhīva rajaṃ samūhataṃ;
862他的心因为寻思的止息,就在当下,触及了那寂静的境界。
Sa ve vitakkūpasamena cetasā, idheva so santipadaṃ samajjhagā’’ti.
863这个义理也是世尊所说,是如是我闻。第一。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Paṭhamaṃ.
8649. 中间垢经
9. Antarāmalasuttaṃ
88这是世尊所说、阿拉汉所说的,我这样听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
866“比丘们,有三种内在的垢染、内在的敌人、内在的怨敌、内在的杀手、内在的仇敌。哪三种?比丘们,贪是内在的垢染、内在的敌人、内在的怨敌、内在的杀手、内在的仇敌。嗔是内在的垢染、内在的敌人、内在的怨敌、内在的杀手、内在的仇敌。痴是内在的垢染、内在的敌人、内在的怨敌、内在的杀手、内在的仇敌。比丘们,这就是三种内在的垢染、内在的敌人、内在的怨敌、内在的杀手、内在的仇敌。”这是世尊所说。对此,那意义是这样的偈颂所说——
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, antarāmalā antarāamittā antarāsapattā antarāvadhakā antarāpaccatthikā. Katame tayo? Lobho, bhikkhave, antarāmalo antarāamitto antarāsapatto antarāvadhako antarāpaccatthiko. Doso, bhikkhave, antarāmalo antarāamitto antarāsapatto antarāvadhako antarāpaccatthiko. Moho, bhikkhave, antarāmalo antarāamitto antarāsapatto antarāvadhako antarāpaccatthiko. Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo antarāmalā antarāamittā antarāsapattā antarāvadhakā antarāpaccatthikā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
867贪催生无益之事,贪让内心动荡不安;
‘‘Anatthajanano lobho, lobho cittappakopano;
868从内在生起的恐惧,人们却往往觉察不到它。
Bhayamantarato jātaṃ, taṃ jano nāvabujjhati.
869贪心的人不知利益,贪心的人看不见法;
‘‘Luddho atthaṃ na jānāti, luddho dhammaṃ na passati;
870当人被贪征服的时候,那时便有深重的黑暗。
Andhatamaṃ tadā hoti, yaṃ lobho sahate naraṃ.
871能舍断贪的人,对于会引发贪的对象不再起贪着;
‘‘Yo ca lobhaṃ pahantvāna, lobhaneyye na lubbhati;
872贪从他那里被放下,就像水珠从莲叶上滑落。
Lobho pahīyate tamhā, udabindūva pokkharā.
873嗔恨带来伤害,嗔恨让心混乱;
‘‘Anatthajanano doso, doso cittappakopano;
874它从内在生出恐怖,人们却不觉知它。
Bhayamantarato jātaṃ, taṃ jano nāvabujjhati.
875被嗔怒控制的人,看不清真实的意义;被嗔怒控制的人,看不见法。
‘‘Duṭṭho atthaṃ na jānāti, duṭṭho dhammaṃ na passati;
876当嗔恨吞噬了一个人,那时,深深的黑暗就会降临在他身上。
Andhatamaṃ tadā hoti, yaṃ doso sahate naraṃ.
877一旦一个人舍断了嗔恚,对让人生气的对象,他就不再动怒;他的嗔恚就此止息,像熟透的果实从枝头脱落。
‘‘Yo ca dosaṃ pahantvāna, dosaneyye na dussati;
878愚痴制造无益,愚痴扰乱人心;这从内在生起的恐惧,人们却不觉知。
Doso pahīyate tamhā, tālapakkaṃva bandhanā.
879愚痴之人对利益浑然不知,愚痴之人看不见法;当一个人被愚痴侵袭时,他便陷入了彻底的黑暗。
‘‘Anatthajanano moho, moho cittappakopano;
880恐怖从内心生起,人们不了知它。
Bhayamantarato jātaṃ, taṃ jano nāvabujjhati.
881「愚痴者不知利益,愚痴者不见法;
‘‘Mūḷho atthaṃ na jānāti, mūḷho dhammaṃ na passati;
882那时对于被痴所征服的人来说,是盲暗。
Andhatamaṃ tadā hoti, yaṃ moho sahate naraṃ.
883他摧毁了痴迷后,在所有会让人痴迷的事物上,他不再有任何痴迷烦恼;他彻底破除了一切痴迷,就像太阳升起驱散黑暗一样。
‘‘Yo ca mohaṃ pahantvāna, mohaneyye na muyhati;
884这个义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第九经。
Mohaṃ vihanti so sabbaṃ, ādiccovudayaṃ tama’’nti.
885这个义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第七。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Sattamaṃ.
88610. 提婆达多经
10. Devadattasuttaṃ
89这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,如是我闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
888「诸比丘!被三种非善法所征服、心被占据的提婆达多,是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住劫者、无救者。哪三种?恶欲、恶友性、以下劣的殊胜证得而中途达到止息——诸比丘!被这三种非善法所征服、心被占据的提婆达多,是堕恶趣者、地狱有情、住劫者、无救者。」
‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, asaddhammehi abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto devadatto āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho. Katamehi tīhi? Pāpicchatāya, bhikkhave, abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto devadatto āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho. Pāpamittatāya, bhikkhave, abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto devadatto āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho. Sati kho pana uttarikaraṇīye oramattakena visesādhigamena antarā vosānaṃ āpādi. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, tīhi asaddhammehi abhibhūto pariyādinnacitto devadatto āpāyiko nerayiko kappaṭṭho atekiccho’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
889「愿世间任何人,切勿生起恶欲;
‘‘Mā jātu koci lokasmiṃ, pāpiccho udapajjatha;
890你们也要明白这点,恶欲者会有什么样的归宿。
Tadamināpi jānātha, pāpicchānaṃ yathā gati.
891他被认为是有智慧的人,被尊为修养有成的人;
‘‘Paṇḍitoti samaññāto, bhāvitattoti sammato;
892像火焰一样屹立于荣耀中,他被称为提婆达多。
Jalaṃva yasasā aṭṭhā, devadattoti vissuto .
893他行于放逸之道,冒犯了如来;
‘‘So pamāṇamanuciṇṇo , āsajja naṃ tathāgataṃ;
894堕入无间地狱,那有四扇门的恐怖之地。
Avīcinirayaṃ patto, catudvāraṃ bhayānakaṃ.
895因为谁若伤害那无恶之人,对未曾造恶者行恶;
‘‘Aduṭṭhassa hi yo dubbhe, pāpakammaṃ akubbato;
896那恶业只会落到那怀有瞋心与不敬的人身上。
Tameva pāpaṃ phusati , duṭṭhacittaṃ anādaraṃ.
897若有人想用一瓶毒药去污染大海,
‘‘Samuddaṃ visakumbhena, yo maññeyya padūsituṃ;
898他并不能因此污染大海,因为那海洋实在太过浩瀚。
Na so tena padūseyya, bhesmā hi udadhi mahā.
899同样地,若有人以言语攻击如来——
‘‘Evameva tathāgataṃ, yo vādena vihiṃsati;
900那位行于正道、内心寂静者,言语在他那里完全沾不上。
Sammaggataṃ santacittaṃ, vādo tamhi na rūhati.
901智者就应该与这样的人结交,并且亲近他。
‘‘Tādisaṃ mittaṃ kubbetha, tañca seveyya paṇḍito;
902跟随道的比丘,能到达苦的灭尽。
Yassa maggānugo bhikkhu, khayaṃ dukkhassa pāpuṇe’’ti.
903这个义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第九经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Navamaṃ.
904第四品完
Catuttho vaggo niṭṭhito.
905其摄颂——
Tassuddānaṃ –
906寻、恭敬、声音,死亡、世间、不净;
Vitakkāsakkārasadda, cavanaloke asubhaṃ;
907法、黑暗、垢,以及提婆达多,这十种。
Dhammaandhakāramalaṃ, devadattena te dasāti.
908第五品。
5. Pañcamavaggo
9095. 第五品
5. Pañcamavaggo
9101. 最上净信经
1. Aggappasādasuttaṃ
90世尊说过、阿拉汉说过这事情,我这样听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
912“比丘们,有这三种最高的净信。哪三种呢?比丘们,所有众生——无论是无足的、两足的、四足的、多足的,有色的、无色的,有想的、无想的,还是非想非非想的——如来都被称为其中最上者,是阿拉汉、正自觉者。比丘们,那些对佛陀有净信的人,是对最上者有了净信。而对最上者有净信的人,所得的果报也是最上的。”
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, aggappasādā. Katame tayo? Yāvatā, bhikkhave, sattā apadā vā dvipadā vā catuppadā vā bahuppadā vā rūpino vā arūpino vā saññino vā asaññino vā nevasaññināsaññino vā, tathāgato tesaṃ aggamakkhāyati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho . Ye, bhikkhave, buddhe pasannā, agge te pasannā. Agge kho pana pasannānaṃ aggo vipāko hoti.
913“比丘们,所有有为法和无为法中,离贪被称为最上,也就是:消除骄慢、调伏渴爱、根除执著、截断轮回、灭尽渴爱、离贪、灭、涅槃。比丘们,那些对离贪法有净信的人,是对最上者有了净信。而对最上者有净信的人,所得的果报也是最上的。”
‘‘Yāvatā, bhikkhave, dhammā saṅkhatā vā asaṅkhatā vā, virāgo tesaṃ aggamakkhāyati, yadidaṃ madanimmadano pipāsavinayo ālayasamugghāto vaṭṭupacchedo taṇhakkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbānaṃ. Ye, bhikkhave, virāge dhamme pasannā, agge te pasannā. Agge kho pana pasannānaṃ aggo vipāko hoti.
914“比丘们,所有的僧团或团体中,如来的弟子僧团被称为最上,也就是四双八辈。这位世尊的弟子僧团,是应受供养、应受款待、应受布施、应受合掌礼敬,是世间无上的福田。比丘们,那些对僧团有净信的人,是对最上者有了净信。而对最上者有净信的人,所得的果报也是最上的。比丘们,这就是三种最高的净信。”这就是世尊所说的义理。关于这一点,这么说:
‘‘Yāvatā , bhikkhave, saṅghā vā gaṇā vā, tathāgatasāvakasaṅgho tesaṃ aggamakkhāyati, yadidaṃ cattāri purisayugāni aṭṭha purisapuggalā esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho āhuneyyo pāhuneyyo dakkhiṇeyyo añjalikaraṇīyo anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa. Ye, bhikkhave, saṅghe pasannā, agge te pasannā. Agge kho pana pasannānaṃ aggo vipāko hoti. Ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo aggappasādā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
915“对最上者有净信的人,了知最上的法;
‘‘Aggato ve pasannānaṃ, aggaṃ dhammaṃ vijānataṃ;
916“对最上的佛陀有净信,那无上的应供者。”
Agge buddhe pasannānaṃ, dakkhiṇeyye anuttare.
917对最殊胜的法生起净信的人,在离欲之乐、寂止之乐中;
‘‘Agge dhamme pasannānaṃ, virāgūpasame sukhe;
918对最殊胜的僧团生起净信的人,在那无上的福田中。
Agge saṅghe pasannānaṃ, puññakkhette anuttare.
919于最殊胜之处布施的人,最殊胜的福报会增长;
‘‘Aggasmiṃ dānaṃ dadataṃ, aggaṃ puññaṃ pavaḍḍhati;
920最殊胜的寿命、容貌、声誉、快乐与力量。
Aggaṃ āyu ca vaṇṇo ca, yaso kitti sukhaṃ balaṃ.
921对最殊胜者慷慨施与的智者,安住于最殊胜之法;
‘‘Aggassa dātā medhāvī, aggadhammasamāhito;
922无论是身为天人还是人,达到最殊胜境界后,便欣然喜悦。
Devabhūto manusso vā, aggappatto pamodatī’’ti.
923这意义也是世尊说过的,我这样听闻。第三品。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Tatiyaṃ.
9242. 命经
2. Jīvikasuttaṃ
91这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
926“比丘们,在生活方式中,这托钵乞食是最极端的。比丘们,在这个世间,这是受人贬斥的:‘你托着钵,挨家挨户地乞食。’然而,比丘们,良家子弟选择这样做,是因为有明确的目标,是为了那个目标;不是被国王逼迫,不是被强盗逼迫,不是由于负债,不是由于恐惧,也不是为生计所迫。而是想:‘我们被生、老、死,被忧愁、悲泣、痛苦、忧恼、绝望所淹没,被苦所淹没,被苦所战胜。或许,能够找到终结这整个苦蕴的方法。’比丘们,这样一个良家子弟这样出家了,但他却可能贪婪于感官欲乐,带着强烈的爱染;内心充满嗔恚,怀有恶意的心思;忘失正念,没有正知,心不专注,心神涣散,根门放逸。比丘们,就像殡葬用的火把,两头都在燃烧,中间沾满了粪,既不能在村子里当柴烧,也不能在森林里用。比丘们,我说,这个人就像那个火把一样,他错失了在家生活的财富,也未能圆满沙门的利益。”“世尊讲说了这个义理。关于这个义理,是这么说的:
‘‘Antamidaṃ, bhikkhave, jīvikānaṃ yadidaṃ piṇḍolyaṃ. Abhisāpoyaṃ , bhikkhave, lokasmiṃ – ‘piṇḍolo vicarasi pattapāṇī’ti. Tañca kho etaṃ, bhikkhave, kulaputtā upenti atthavasikā, atthavasaṃ paṭicca; neva rājābhinītā, na corābhinītā, na iṇaṭṭā, na bhayaṭṭā, na ājīvikāpakatā. Api ca kho ‘otiṇṇamhā jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi domanassehi upāyāsehi dukkhotiṇṇā dukkhaparetā , appeva nāma imassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa antakiriyā paññāyethā’ti. Evaṃ pabbajito cāyaṃ, bhikkhave, kulaputto so ca hoti abhijjhālu kāmesu tibbasārāgo, byāpannacitto paduṭṭhamanasaṅkappo, muṭṭhassati asampajāno asamāhito vibbhantacitto pākatindriyo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, chavālātaṃ ubhatopadittaṃ majjhe gūthagataṃ neva gāme kaṭṭhatthaṃ pharati na araññeः tathūpamāhaṃ, bhikkhave, imaṃ puggalaṃ vadāmi gihibhogā parihīno sāmaññatthañca na paripūretī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
927“他错失了在家生活的财富,在沙门的利益上也一无所得;
‘‘Gihibhogā parihīno, sāmaññatthañca dubbhago;
928他正在败坏,散落一地,就像那殡葬的火把一样,终将消亡。
Paridhaṃsamāno pakireti, chavālātaṃva nassati.
929“许多人,脖子挂着袈裟,却是恶法之人,没有约束;
‘‘Kāsāvakaṇṭhā bahavo, pāpadhammā asaññatā;
930那些行恶的作恶者,会投生到地狱。
Pāpā pāpehi kammehi, nirayaṃ te upapajjare.
931与其像个破戒之人、不知节制地吃国土的信施之食,倒不如吞下烧得通红、如同火焰尖般炽热的铁球。
‘‘Seyyo ayoguḷo bhutto, tatto aggisikhūpamo;
932胜过破戒者不自制,食用国土的施食。」
Yañce bhuñjeyya dussīlo, raṭṭhapiṇḍamasaññato’’ti.
933这个义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第七经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Sattamaṃ.
9343. 桑喀帝衣角经
3. Saṅghāṭikaṇṇasuttaṃ
92这是世尊所说、阿拉汉所说的,我是这样听到的:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
936比丘们,就算有个比丘,揪着你们的僧伽梨衣角,步步紧跟在你们身后,踩着你们的脚印走,但如果他心怀贪求,对感官欲乐有强烈的渴爱,内心充满嗔恚,思维邪恶不正,失去正念,没有正知,心不专注,心智散乱,诸根放逸;那么,他离我很远,我也离他很远。这是什么原因呢?比丘们,因为那位比丘没有见到法。没有见到法的人,就是没有见到我。
‘‘Saṅghāṭikaṇṇe cepi, bhikkhave , bhikkhu gahetvā piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandho assa pāde pādaṃ nikkhipanto, so ca hoti abhijjhālu kāmesu tibbasārāgo byāpannacitto paduṭṭhamanasaṅkappo muṭṭhassati asampajāno asamāhito vibbhantacitto pākatindriyo; atha kho so ārakāva mayhaṃ, ahañca tassa. Taṃ kissa hetu? Dhammañhi so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na passati. Dhammaṃ apassanto na maṃ passati .
937“比丘们,就算那位比丘住在一百由旬之外,如果他不贪求感官欲乐,没有强烈的贪染,心中无嗔恨,没有恶意的念头,正念现前,正知,心入定,一心,守护六根——那么,他其实就在我身边,我也在他身边。为什么呢?因为,比丘们,那位比丘看见了法;看见了法的人,就看见了我。”这是世尊所说的义理。关于这一点,如是说道:
‘‘Yojanasate cepi so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vihareyya. So ca hoti anabhijjhālu kāmesu na tibbasārāgo abyāpannacitto apaduṭṭhamanasaṅkappo upaṭṭhitassati sampajāno samāhito ekaggacitto saṃvutindriyo; atha kho so santikeva mayhaṃ, ahañca tassa. Taṃ kissa hetu? Dhammaṃ hi so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu passati; dhammaṃ passanto maṃ passatī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
938“即使他紧追在后,却所求甚多、常受困扰;
‘‘Anubandhopi ce assa, mahiccho ca vighātavā;
939动摇的人追随不动摇者,未寂灭的人追随已寂灭者;
Ejānugo anejassa, nibbutassa anibbuto;
940贪著的人追随已离贪者——看吧,他离得多么遥远!
Giddho so vītagedhassa, passa yāvañca ārakā.
941“而那正确了知法的人,那智者彻知法;
‘‘Yo ca dhammamabhiññāya, dhammamaññāya paṇḍito;
942就像平静无风的湖水,他无有动摇,归入寂止。”
Rahadova nivāte ca, anejo vūpasammati.
943那个人自己没有扰动,与没有扰动的人相应;他寂灭了,与寂灭的人相应;
‘‘Anejo so anejassa, nibbutassa ca nibbuto;
944他不再贪求,超越了贪著——你看,他们多远地在一起。
Agiddho vītagedhassa, passa yāvañca santike’’ti.
945这也是世尊所说的义理,我是这样听到的。第六。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
9464. 火经
4. Aggisuttaṃ
93这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
948“诸比丘,有三种火。哪三种?贪火、嗔火、痴火——诸比丘,这就是三种火。”世尊说了这个义理,对此,是这样说的——
‘‘Tayome, bhikkhave, aggī. Katame tayo? Rāgaggi, dosaggi, mohaggi – ime kho, bhikkhave, tayo aggī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
949“贪火焚烧那些沉迷于欲乐、昏醉其中的众生;
‘‘Rāgaggi dahati macce, ratte kāmesu mucchite;
950被嗔火吞噬的人,内心怨恨,杀生害命;
Dosaggi pana byāpanne, nare pāṇātipātino.
951被痴火吞噬的人,愚昧无知,不懂圣者之法。
‘‘Mohaggi pana sammūḷhe, ariyadhamme akovide;
952那些不知这三种火的人,喜乐自己的身体。
Ete aggī ajānantā, sakkāyābhiratā pajā.
953他们壮大着地狱,以及畜生界,
‘‘Te vaḍḍhayanti nirayaṃ, tiracchānañca yoniyo;
954阿修罗界、饿鬼道,被魔罗的束缚紧紧困住。
Asuraṃ pettivisayaṃ, amuttā mārabandhanā.
955而那些日夜精进于等正觉者教法的人,
‘‘Ye ca rattindivā yuttā, sammāsambuddhasāsane;
956那些常修不净想的人,能熄灭贪欲之火。
Te nibbāpenti rāgaggiṃ, niccaṃ asubhasaññino.
957最殊胜的人们,则以慈心熄灭嗔怒之火;
‘‘Dosaggiṃ pana mettāya, nibbāpenti naruttamā;
958又用那能穿透一切的智慧,来熄灭愚痴之火。
Mohaggiṃ pana paññāya, yāyaṃ nibbedhagāminī.
959这些精勤者,昼夜不懈地熄灭了诸火之后,
‘‘Te nibbāpetvā nipakā, rattindivamatanditā;
960便彻底般涅槃,彻底超越了苦。
Asesaṃ parinibbanti, asesaṃ dukkhamaccaguṃ.
961他们是圣者、见道者、明智者,依正智而了知;
‘‘Ariyaddasā vedaguno, sammadaññāya paṇḍitā;
962以智慧彻底了知生灭尽,不再受后有。
Jātikkhayamabhiññāya, nāgacchanti punabbhava’’nti.
963这也是世尊所说的义理,我如是听闻。第一品。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Paṭhamaṃ.
9645. 遍察经
5. Upaparikkhasuttaṃ
94这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
966“诸比丘,比丘应当这样审察:当他这样审察时,他的识对外不散乱、不流散,对内无住著,不执取,便不会恐惧。诸比丘,当识对外不散乱、不流散,对内无住著,无执取而不恐惧时,未来就不会有生、老、死、苦的集起出现。”世尊说了这个义理。关于这一点,这样说——
‘‘Tathā tathā, bhikkhave, bhikkhu upaparikkheyya yathā yathāssa upaparikkhato bahiddhā cassa viññāṇaṃ avikkhittaṃ avisaṭaṃ ajjhattaṃ asaṇṭhitaṃ anupādāya na paritasseyya. Bahiddhā, bhikkhave, viññāṇe avikkhitte avisaṭe sati ajjhattaṃ asaṇṭhite anupādāya aparitassato āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇadukkhasamudayasambhavo na hotī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
967“对于断除了有情执著、切断了渴爱之网的比丘,
‘‘Sattasaṅgappahīnassa, netticchinnassa bhikkhuno;
968他生死的轮回已灭尽,不再有再生。”
Vikkhīṇo jātisaṃsāro, natthi tassa punabbhavo’’ti.
969这个道理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。这是第二经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Dutiyaṃ.
9706. 欲生经
6. Kāmūpapattisuttaṃ
95这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
972“诸比丘,有这三种欲有之生。哪三种?现前欲、化乐天、他化自在天——诸比丘,这就是三种欲有之生。”这就是世尊所说的义理。对此,如是说:
‘‘Tisso imā, bhikkhave, kāmūpapattiyo . Katamā tisso? Paccupaṭṭhitakāmā, nimmānaratino , paranimmitavasavattino – imā kho, bhikkhave, tisso kāmūpapattiyo’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
973现前欲的天神,以及他化自在天,
‘‘Paccupaṭṭhitakāmā ca, ye devā vasavattino;
974化乐天,还有那些其他享受欲乐者;
Nimmānaratino devā, ye caññe kāmabhogino;
975在此处、在他处的生存状态中,他们不能超越轮回。
Itthabhāvaññathābhāvaṃ , saṃsāraṃ nātivattare.
976智者明了欲乐的过患,
‘‘Etamādīnavaṃ ñatvā, kāmabhogesu paṇḍito;
977便舍断一切欲 ── 无论天界的、人间的。
Sabbe pariccaje kāme, ye dibbā ye ca mānusā.
978切断那执著可爱乐相的难渡之流,
‘‘Piyarūpasātagadhitaṃ , chetvā sotaṃ duraccayaṃ;
979他们无余般涅槃,完全超越了苦。
Asesaṃ parinibbanti, asesaṃ dukkhamaccaguṃ.
980具备圣见的明行者,善巧了知而成为智者,
‘‘Ariyaddasā vedaguno, sammadaññāya paṇḍitā;
981正确了知生的灭尽之后,他们不再受后有。”
Jātikkhayamabhiññāya, nāgacchanti punabbhava’’nti.
982这个义理也是世尊所说,我如是听闻。第二品。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Dutiyaṃ.
9837. 欲轭经
7. Kāmayogasuttaṃ
96这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,如是我闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
985“比丘们,被欲轭束缚、被有轭束缚的人,是还会回来的,还会来此世间。比丘们,脱离欲轭、但还被有轭束缚的人,是不再回来的,不再来此世间。比丘们,脱离欲轭、也脱离有轭的人,是阿拉汉,烦恼已灭尽。”世尊说了这个义理。关于这个义理,又这样说——
‘‘Kāmayogayutto, bhikkhave, bhavayogayutto āgāmī hoti āgantā itthattaṃ. Kāmayogavisaṃyutto, bhikkhave, bhavayogayutto anāgāmī hoti anāgantā itthattaṃ. Kāmayogavisaṃyutto, bhikkhave, bhavayogavisaṃyutto arahā hoti, khīṇāsavo’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
986“被欲轭紧紧系缚,又被有轭双重捆绑,
‘‘Kāmayogena saṃyuttā, bhavayogena cūbhayaṃ;
987众生在轮回中流转,一次次走向生与死。
Sattā gacchanti saṃsāraṃ, jātimaraṇagāmino.
988“而那些舍断了欲的人,到达了烦恼的灭尽,
‘‘Ye ca kāme pahantvāna, appattā āsavakkhayaṃ;
989被有的束缚捆绑,被称为不来者。
Bhavayogena saṃyuttā, anāgāmīti vuccare.
990而那些断除疑惑、灭尽慢而不再受后有之人,
‘‘Ye ca kho chinnasaṃsayā, khīṇamānapunabbhavā;
991他们在这世间确实到了彼岸,已经证得漏的灭尽。
Te ve pāraṅgatā loke, ye pattā āsavakkhaya’’nti.
992这个义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第十经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Dasamaṃ.
993善戒经
Kalyāṇasīlasuttaṃ
97这是世尊所说、阿拉汉所说,我是这样听到的——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
995比丘们,具足善戒、善法、善慧的比丘,在这个法与律中被称为'圆满者、净行成就者、最上人'——
‘‘Kalyāṇasīlo, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kalyāṇadhammo kalyāṇapañño imasmiṃ dhammavinaye ‘kevalī vusitavā uttamapuriso’ti vuccati –
996“那么,比丘们,比丘怎样算是善戒呢?比丘们,这里,比丘有戒,安住于波罗提木叉律仪的防护,行处具足,在微细的过失上看见危险,受持并修学诸学处。比丘们,比丘这样就是善戒。如此,是善戒。”
‘‘Kathañca , bhikkhave, bhikkhu kalyāṇasīlo hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati, ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kalyāṇasīlo hoti. Iti kalyāṇasīlo.
997“那么,怎样算是善法呢?比丘们,这里,比丘精勤修习七菩提分法而住。比丘们,比丘这样就是善法。如此,是善戒、善法。”
‘‘Kalyāṇadhammo ca kathaṃ hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sattannaṃ bodhipakkhiyānaṃ dhammānaṃ bhāvanānuyogamanuyutto viharati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kalyāṇadhammo hoti. Iti kalyāṇasīlo, kalyāṇadhammo.
998“那么,怎样算是善慧呢?比丘们,这里,比丘通过诸烦恼的灭尽,以自己正确了知、亲自作证后,就在当下这一生,达到并安住于无烦恼的心解脱、慧解脱。比丘们,比丘这样就是善慧。”
‘‘Kalyāṇapañño ca kathaṃ hoti ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kalyāṇapañño hoti.
999“如此,在这法与律之中,善戒、善法、善慧的人,就被称为‘圆满者、已住立者、最上人’。”世尊说明了这个意义。关于这个意义,这样说:
‘‘Iti kalyāṇasīlo kalyāṇadhammo kalyāṇapañño imasmiṃ dhammavinaye ‘kevalī vusitavā uttamapuriso’ti vuccatī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
1000“谁以身体、言语和心意,没有不善行;
‘‘Yassa kāyena vācāya, manasā natthi dukkaṭaṃ;
1001“有惭有愧的比丘,他们确实称他为善戒者。”
Taṃ ve kalyāṇasīloti, āhu bhikkhuṃ hirīmanaṃ .
1002他的七种法被善加修习,是通向正觉的;
‘‘Yassa dhammā subhāvitā, satta sambodhigāmino;
1003人们称这位比丘为善法者,已无增盛。
Taṃ ve kalyāṇadhammoti, āhu bhikkhuṃ anussadaṃ.
1004他就在此处,自己了知苦的灭尽;
‘‘Yo dukkhassa pajānāti, idheva khayamattano;
1005人们称这位比丘为善慧者,已无烦恼漏。
Taṃ ve kalyāṇapaññoti, āhu bhikkhuṃ anāsavaṃ.
1006具足这些法的人,没有忧恼,断除了疑惑;
‘‘Tehi dhammehi sampannaṃ, anīghaṃ chinnasaṃsayaṃ;
1007不执着于一切世间,人们称他为舍断一切者。”
Asitaṃ sabbalokassa, āhu sabbapahāyina’’nti.
1008这个道理也是世尊所说,我是这样听到的。第五经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Pañcamaṃ.
10099. 布施经
9. Dānasuttaṃ
98这是由世尊所说、由阿拉汉所说的,我这样听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
1011比丘们,有这两种布施:物质布施和法布施。比丘们,在这两种布施中,最高的就是法布施。
‘‘Dvemāni , bhikkhave, dānāni – āmisadānañca dhammadānañca. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imesaṃ dvinnaṃ dānānaṃ yadidaṃ – dhammadānaṃ.
1012比丘们,有这两种分享:物质分享和法分享。比丘们,在这两种分享中,最高的就是法分享。
‘‘Dveme, bhikkhave, saṃvibhāgā – āmisasaṃvibhāgo ca dhammasaṃvibhāgo ca. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imesaṃ dvinnaṃ saṃvibhāgānaṃ yadidaṃ – dhammasaṃvibhāgo.
1013比丘们,有这两种帮助:物质帮助和法帮助。比丘们,在这两种帮助中,最高的就是法帮助。这是世尊所说。关于这个义理,如此说道:
‘‘Dveme , bhikkhave, anuggahā – āmisānuggaho ca dhammānuggaho ca. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imesaṃ dvinnaṃ anuggahānaṃ yadidaṃ – dhammānuggaho’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
1014人们所说的布施,至高无上的,世尊所称赞的分享,
‘‘Yamāhu dānaṃ paramaṃ anuttaraṃ, yaṃ saṃvibhāgaṃ bhagavā avaṇṇayi ;
1015对于最上的福田,心怀净信,有智慧并如实了知的人,谁会在恰当的时机不供养呢?
Aggamhi khettamhi pasannacitto, viññū pajānaṃ ko na yajetha kāle.
1016既能宣说又能听闻,且对善逝的教法心怀净信的人,
‘‘Ye ceva bhāsanti suṇanti cūbhayaṃ, pasannacittā sugatassa sāsane;
1017他们在善逝的教法中毫不放逸,那最高的利益便得以完全清净。
Tesaṃ so attho paramo visujjhati, ye appamattā sugatassa sāsane’’ti.
1018这也是世尊所说的义理,如是我闻。第十二经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Dvādasamaṃ.
101910. 三明经
10. Tevijjasuttaṃ
99这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻。
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
1021“诸比丘,我宣称以法成就三明婆罗门,而非其他仅凭口头吹嘘的人。”
‘‘Dhammenāhaṃ, bhikkhave, tevijjaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ paññāpemi, nāññaṃ lapitalāpanamattena.
1022“而我又如何依正法将一位比丘确立为‘三明婆罗门’,而不是仅仅因为那种只会嘴上说说的空谈呢?比丘们,在此,一位比丘能回忆起多种过去世,也就是:一生、两生、三生、四生、五生、十生、二十生、三十生、四十生、五十生、一百生、一千生、十万生,以及许多的坏劫、许多的成劫、许多的成坏劫——他记得:‘在那里,我曾有这样的名字、这样的家族、这样的相貌、这样的食物、这样的苦乐感受、这样的寿命长度。从那里死后,我又投生到另一个地方。在那里,我又有这样的名字、这样的家族、这样的相貌、这样的食物、这样的苦乐感受、这样的寿命长度。从那里死后,我才投生到这里。’这样,他能带着具体的细节和情况,回忆起多种多样的过去世。这是他所证得的第一种明。无明被摧毁,明生起;黑暗被摧毁,光明生起。这就是一位不放逸、精勤、自我致力于修行而住的比丘所达到的。
‘‘Kathañcāhaṃ, bhikkhave, dhammena tevijjaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ paññāpemi, nāññaṃ lapitalāpanamattena? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati, seyyathidaṃ – ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṃsampi jātiyo cattālīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe – ‘amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto. So tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ. Tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto. So tato cuto idhūpapanno’ti . Iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati. Ayamassa paṭhamā vijjā adhigatā hoti, avijjā vihatā, vijjā uppannā, tamo vihato, āloko uppanno, yathā taṃ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato.
1023“再者,比丘们,一位比丘以那清净、超越常人视野的天眼,看到有情众生死亡、投生,看到低贱的、高尚的,美丽的、丑陋的,看到他们投生到善趣或恶趣,并了知众生确实是依照自己的业力而流转。他知道:‘这些尊者们,由于身行恶、口行恶、意行恶,辱骂圣者,怀有邪见,造作邪见之业,所以在身体瓦解、死后,投生到那丧失之途、恶道、苦界、地狱里去了。而另外这些尊者们,由于身行善、口行善、意行善,不辱骂圣者,怀有正见,造作正见之业,所以在身体瓦解、死后,投生到善趣、天界去了。’就这样,他以那清净、超越常人视野的天眼,看到有情众生死亡、投生,看到低贱的、高尚的,美丽的、丑陋的,并了知众生是依照自己的业力而流转。这是他所证得的第二种明。无明被摧毁,明生起;黑暗被摧毁,光明生起。这就是一位不放逸、精勤、自我致力于修行而住的比丘所达到的。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti – ‘ime vata bhonto sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā vacīduccaritena samannāgatā manoduccaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā. Te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā. Ime vā pana bhonto sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā vacīsucaritena samannāgatā manosucaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā. Te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā’ti. Iti dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe, sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti. Ayamassa dutiyā vijjā adhigatā hoti, avijjā vihatā, vijjā uppannā, tamo vihato, āloko uppanno, yathā taṃ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato.
1024“再者,比丘们,一位比丘通过灭尽诸烦恼,就在此时此地,亲自通晓、作证、成就了那无烦恼的心解脱和慧解脱,并安住其中。这是他所证得的第三种明。无明被摧毁,明生起;黑暗被摧毁,光明生起。这就是一位不放逸、精勤、自我致力于修行而住的比丘所达到的。比丘们,我就是这样依正法将一位比丘确立为‘三明婆罗门’,而不是仅仅因为那种只会嘴上说说的空谈。”这是世尊所说的义理。关于此,经中是这么说的:
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Ayamassa tatiyā vijjā adhigatā hoti, avijjā vihatā, vijjā uppannā, tamo vihato, āloko uppanno, yathā taṃ appamattassa ātāpino pahitattassa viharato. Evaṃ kho ahaṃ, bhikkhave, dhammena tevijjaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ paññāpemi, nāññaṃ lapitalāpanamattenā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
1025“那了知过去世的人, 见到天界与恶道;
‘‘Pubbenivāsaṃ yovedi , saggāpāyañca passati;
1026进而达到生的灭尽, 这位牟尼通晓一切,应当做的已经做完。
Atho jātikkhayaṃ patto, abhiññāvosito muni.
1027“凭借这三种明, 他就成为三明婆罗门;
‘‘Etāhi tīhi vijjāhi, tevijjo hoti brāhmaṇo;
1028我说那才是真正的三明者,而不是别的只说不做的人。
Tamahaṃ vadāmi tevijjaṃ, nāññaṃ lapitalāpana’’nti.
1029这义理也是世尊所说,我如是听闻。第七。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Sattamaṃ.
1030第五品完
Pañcamo vaggo niṭṭhito.
1031其摄颂——
Tassuddānaṃ –
1032净信、生计、僧伽梨,火与彻底观察;
Pasāda jīvita saṅghāṭi , aggi upaparikkhayā;
1033往生、欲求、善法,布施与依法,这十经。
Upapatti kāma kalyāṇaṃ, dānaṃ dhammena te dasāti.
1034三集完
Tikanipāto niṭṭhito.
10354. 四集
4. Catukkanipāto
10361. 婆罗门法祭经
1. Brāhmaṇadhammayāgasuttaṃ
100这是世尊所说的话,是阿拉汉所说的话,我是这样听到的——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
1038比丘们,我是婆罗门,随时应求,常伸援手,是持最后身者,无上的医王,拔除箭刺之人。你们是我的亲生儿,从我口中出生,由法化生,是法的继承者,而不是财物的继承者。
‘‘Ahamasmi, bhikkhave, brāhmaṇo yācayogo sadā payatapāṇi antimadehadharo anuttaro bhisakko sallakatto. Tassa me tumhe puttā orasā mukhato jātā dhammajā dhammanimmitā dhammadāyādā, no āmisadāyādā.
1039比丘们,有两种布施:财布施和法布施。比丘们,在这两种布施中,最上的是法布施。
‘‘Dvemāni, bhikkhave, dānāni – āmisadānañca dhammadānañca. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imesaṃ dvinnaṃ dānānaṃ yadidaṃ – dhammadānaṃ.
1040比丘们,有两种分享:财分享和法分享。比丘们,在这两种分享中,最上的是法分享。
‘‘Dveme, bhikkhave, saṃvibhāgā – āmisasaṃvibhāgo ca dhammasaṃvibhāgo ca. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imesaṃ dvinnaṃ saṃvibhāgānaṃ yadidaṃ – dhammasaṃvibhāgo.
1041比丘们,有两种帮助:财帮助和法帮助。比丘们,在这两种帮助中,最上的是法帮助。
‘‘Dveme, bhikkhave, anuggahā – āmisānuggaho ca dhammānuggaho ca. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imesaṃ dvinnaṃ anuggahānaṃ yadidaṃ – dhammānuggaho.
1042比丘们,有两种供养:财供养和法供养。比丘们,在这两种供养中,最上的是法供养。这是世尊所说的义理。对于这一点,是这么说的:
‘‘Dveme, bhikkhave, yāgā – āmisayāgo ca dhammayāgo ca. Etadaggaṃ, bhikkhave, imesaṃ dvinnaṃ yāgānaṃ yadidaṃ – dhammayāgo’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
1043那位毫不吝啬地供养法供养的如来,怜悯一切众生,
‘‘Yo dhammayāgaṃ ayajī amaccharī, tathāgato sabbabhūtānukampī ;
1044众生们都礼敬这样的天人及人类中的最胜者——已到达轮回彼岸的尊者。
Taṃ tādisaṃ devamanussaseṭṭhaṃ, sattā namassanti bhavassa pāragu’’nti.
1045这也是世尊所说的义理,如是我闻。第二经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Dutiyaṃ.
10462. 易得经
2. Sulabhasuttaṃ
101下面这些是世尊所说、阿拉汉所说,如是我闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
1048“比丘们,有这四种东西,既微少又容易得到,而且是没有过失的。哪四种?比丘们,粪扫衣是衣服中微少、容易得到的,而且没有过失。乞来的食物,比丘们,是食物中微少、容易得到的,而且没有过失。树下,比丘们,是住处中微少、容易得到的,而且没有过失。腐尿药,比丘们,是药物中微少、容易得到的,而且没有过失。比丘们,这些就是四种既微少又容易得到,而且没有过失的东西。比丘们,当一位比丘满足于这微少、容易得到且没有过失的东西时,我说,这是他沙门素质中的一项基本素养。”世尊说了这个义理。关于这一点,有偈颂如是说:
‘‘Cattārimāni, bhikkhave, appāni ceva sulabhāni ca, tāni ca anavajjāni. Katamāni cattāri? Paṃsukūlaṃ, bhikkhave, cīvarānaṃ appañca sulabhañca, tañca anavajjaṃ. Piṇḍiyālopo , bhikkhave, bhojanānaṃ appañca sulabhañca, tañca anavajjaṃ. Rukkhamūlaṃ, bhikkhave , senāsanānaṃ appañca sulabhañca, tañca anavajjaṃ. Pūtimuttaṃ, bhikkhave, bhesajjānaṃ appañca sulabhañca tañca anavajjaṃ. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri appāni ceva sulabhāni ca, tāni ca anavajjāni. Yato kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu appena ca tuṭṭho hoti sulabhena ca (anavajjena ca) , imassāhaṃ aññataraṃ sāmaññaṅganti vadāmī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
1049“对于满足于无过失的、微少的、容易得到的东西,
‘‘Anavajjena tuṭṭhassa, appena sulabhena ca;
1050他不会为了住处、衣服、饮品和食物而计较;
Na senāsanamārabbha, cīvaraṃ pānabhojanaṃ;
1051心里会有困扰,看不清方向。
Vighāto hoti cittassa, disā nappaṭihaññati.
1052那些与沙门修行相应的法,
‘‘Ye cassa dhammā akkhātā, sāmaññassānulomikā;
1053被一位满足、精进的比丘掌握后——
Adhiggahitā tuṭṭhassa, appamattassa bhikkhuno’’ti .
1054这个意思也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第六经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
10553. 漏尽经
3. Āsavakkhayasuttaṃ
102这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,如是我闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
1057比丘们,我对知者、见者说烦恼的灭尽,而不是对不知者、不见者。比丘们,怎样是知者、见者,烦恼才得灭尽呢?比丘们,如实知见'这是苦',烦恼得灭尽。比丘们,如实知见'这是苦的集起',烦恼得灭尽。比丘们,如实知见'这是苦的息灭',烦恼得灭尽。比丘们,如实知见'这是导向苦灭之道',烦恼得灭尽。比丘们,就是这样,如此知者、如此见者,烦恼得灭尽。世尊讲了这个道理。关于这个道理,是这样说的:
‘‘Jānatohaṃ, bhikkhave, passato āsavānaṃ khayaṃ vadāmi , no ajānato no apassato. Kiñca, bhikkhave, jānato, kiṃ passato āsavānaṃ khayo hoti? Idaṃ dukkhanti, bhikkhave, jānato passato āsavānaṃ khayo hoti. Ayaṃ dukkhasamudayoti, bhikkhave, jānato passato āsavānaṃ khayo hoti. Ayaṃ dukkhanirodhoti, bhikkhave, jānato passato āsavānaṃ khayo hoti. Ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadāti, bhikkhave, jānato passato āsavānaṃ khayo hoti. Evaṃ kho , bhikkhave, jānato evaṃ passato āsavānaṃ khayo hotī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
1058对于正在修学的有学比丘, 沿着正直道路前行的人,
‘‘Sekhassa sikkhamānassa, ujumaggānusārino;
1059首先生起的是灭尽的智慧, 紧接着便有了最终的智慧。
Khayasmiṃ paṭhamaṃ ñāṇaṃ, tato aññā anantarā.
1060对于这样解脱的人, 会生起解脱智这种最殊胜的智慧:
‘‘Tato aññā vimuttassa, vimuttiñāṇamuttamaṃ;
1061'灭尽的智慧生起了, 诸结已经灭尽。'
Uppajjati khaye ñāṇaṃ, khīṇā saṃyojanā iti.
1062但这件事,那懈怠者、 愚昧而不了解的人,
‘‘Na tvevidaṃ kusītena, bālenamavijānatā;
1063是绝对无法证得涅槃的—— 那解开一切缠缚的境界。
Nibbānaṃ adhigantabbaṃ, sabbaganthappamocana’’nti.
1064这也是世尊所说的义理,如是我闻。第十三经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Terasamaṃ.
1065它的摄颂是:
Tassuddānaṃ –
10664. 沙门婆罗门经
4. Samaṇabrāhmaṇasuttaṃ
103这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
1068诸比丘,任何沙门或婆罗门,不如实了知‘这是苦’;不如实了知‘这是苦的集起’;不如实了知‘这是苦的息灭’;不如实了知‘这是通往苦灭的道路’——诸比丘,这些沙门或婆罗门,我不认可他们是沙门中的沙门,或婆罗门中的婆罗门;而且,这些尊者在此生中,没有自己通晓、证得、具足沙门的目标或婆罗门的目标而安住。
‘‘Ye hi keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānanti; ‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānanti; ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānanti; ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ nappajānanti – na me te, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā samaṇesu vā samaṇasammatā brāhmaṇesu vā brāhmaṇasammatā, na ca panete āyasmanto sāmaññatthaṃ vā brahmaññatthaṃ vā diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharanti.
1069诸比丘,若有任何沙门或婆罗门,如实了知‘这是苦’;如实了知‘这是苦的集起’;如实了知‘这是苦的息灭’;如实了知‘这是通往苦灭的道路’——诸比丘,这些沙门或婆罗门,我认可他们是沙门中的沙门,也是婆罗门中的婆罗门;而且,这些尊者在此生中,自己通晓、证得、具足沙门的目标和婆罗门的目标而安住。世尊讲说了这个意义。关于这一点,这样说——
‘‘Ye ca kho keci, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānanti; ‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānanti; ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānanti; ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānanti – te kho me, bhikkhave, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā samaṇesu ceva samaṇasammatā brāhmaṇesu ca brāhmaṇasammatā, te ca panāyasmanto sāmaññatthañca brahmaññatthañca diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharantī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
1070那些不了知苦的人,以及苦的生起;
‘‘Ye dukkhaṃ nappajānanti, atho dukkhassa sambhavaṃ;
1071以及那彻底止息一切苦、不留残余之处;
Yattha ca sabbaso dukkhaṃ, asesaṃ uparujjhati;
1072他们不知道那条能止息苦的道路。
Tañca maggaṃ na jānanti, dukkhūpasamagāminaṃ.
1073他们缺少心解脱与慧解脱,
‘‘Cetovimuttihīnā te, atho paññāvimuttiyā;
1074他们无法终结苦,确实经历着生与老。
Abhabbā te antakiriyāya, te ve jātijarūpagā.
1075而那些了知苦、了知苦的起因,
‘‘Ye ca dukkhaṃ pajānanti, atho dukkhassa sambhavaṃ;
1076在那里,苦被彻底、无余地息灭,
Yattha ca sabbaso dukkhaṃ, asesaṃ uparujjhati;
1077他们了知那条能止息苦的道路。
Tañca maggaṃ pajānanti, dukkhūpasamagāminaṃ.
1078具备心解脱,以及慧解脱的人;
‘‘Cetovimuttisampannā, atho paññāvimuttiyā;
1079他们有能力终结苦,不再经历生与老。
Bhabbā te antakiriyāya, na te jātijarūpagā’’ti.
1080这个道理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第九经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Navamaṃ.
10815. 戒具足经
5. Sīlasampannasuttaṃ
104这是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
1083“诸比丘,那些戒具足、定具足、慧具足、解脱具足、解脱知见具足的比丘,他们是教导者、令理解者、指示者、劝发者、鼓舞者、令欢喜者,是正法合格的解说者。诸比丘,我说,见到这样的比丘,是大利益;诸比丘,我说,听到这样的比丘,是大利益;诸比丘,我说,走近这样的比丘,是大利益;诸比丘,我说,侍奉这样的比丘,是大利益;诸比丘,我说,忆念这样的比丘,是大利益;诸比丘,我说,跟随这样的比丘出家,是大利益。为什么呢?诸比丘,亲近、交往、侍奉这样的比丘,即使戒蕴还没圆满,也会在修习中达到圆满;即使定蕴还没圆满,也会在修习中达到圆满;即使慧蕴还没圆满,也会在修习中达到圆满;即使解脱蕴还没圆满,也会在修习中达到圆满;即使解脱知见蕴还没圆满,也会在修习中达到圆满。诸比丘,这样的比丘又被称为‘导师’,被称为‘商队首领’,被称为‘舍弃尘垢者’,被称为‘驱除黑暗者’,被称为‘带来光明者’,被称为‘放出光辉者’,被称为‘举灯者’,被称为‘持火炬者’,被称为‘发光者’,被称为‘圣者’,被称为‘具眼者’。”
‘‘Ye te, bhikkhave, bhikkhū sīlasampannā samādhisampannā paññāsampannā vimuttisampannā vimuttiñāṇadassanasampannā ovādakā viññāpakā sandassakā samādapakā samuttejakā sampahaṃsakā alaṃsamakkhātāro saddhammassa dassanampahaṃ, bhikkhave, tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahūpakāraṃ vadāmi; savanampahaṃ, bhikkhave, tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahūpakāraṃ vadāmi; upasaṅkamanampahaṃ, bhikkhave, tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahūpakāraṃ vadāmi; payirupāsanampahaṃ, bhikkhave, tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahūpakāraṃ vadāmi; anussaraṇampahaṃ, bhikkhave, tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahūpakāraṃ vadāmi; anupabbajjampahaṃ , bhikkhave, tesaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ bahūpakāraṃ vadāmi. Taṃ kissa hetu? Tathārūpe, bhikkhave, bhikkhū sevato bhajato payirupāsato aparipūropi sīlakkhandho bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati, aparipūropi samādhikkhandho bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati, aparipūropi paññākkhandho bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati, aparipūropi vimuttikkhandho bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati, aparipūropi vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandho bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati. Evarūpā ca te, bhikkhave, bhikkhū satthārotipi vuccanti, satthavāhātipi vuccanti, raṇañjahātipi vuccanti, tamonudātipi vuccanti, ālokakarātipi vuccanti, obhāsakarātipi vuccanti, pajjotakarātipi vuccanti, ukkādhārātipi vuccanti, pabhaṅkarātipi vuccanti, ariyātipi vuccanti, cakkhumantotipi vuccantī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
1084这是令有智慧的人欢喜之处,
‘‘Pāmojjakaraṇaṃ ṭhānaṃ , etaṃ hoti vijānataṃ;
1085正是那些修行成就者,圣者,以法为生活的人。
Yadidaṃ bhāvitattānaṃ, ariyānaṃ dhammajīvinaṃ.
1086他们照亮正法,宣说真理,成为带来光明的人;
‘‘Te jotayanti saddhammaṃ, bhāsayanti pabhaṅkarā;
1087他们带来光亮,是真正的智者,具足慧眼,已断除一切杂染。
Ālokakaraṇā dhīrā, cakkhumanto raṇañjahā.
1088凡是听闻他们的教导之后,以正确了知而明白的智者,
‘‘Yesaṃ ve sāsanaṃ sutvā, sammadaññāya paṇḍitā;
1089通过证知而彻底了知生的灭尽,便不再投生,不再有未来的生命。
Jātikkhayamabhiññāya , nāgacchanti punabbhava’’nti.
1090这义理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。第十一经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Ekādasamaṃ.
10916. 渴爱生起经
6. Taṇhuppādasuttaṃ
105这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
1093比丘们,有这四种渴爱的生起之处,比丘的渴爱在这些地方生起时会生起。哪四种?比丘们,比丘的渴爱可能因为衣而生起;比丘们,比丘的渴爱可能因为钵食而生起;比丘们,比丘的渴爱可能因为坐卧处而生起;比丘们,比丘的渴爱可能因为有这种或那种存在状态而生起。比丘们,这就是四种渴爱的生起之处,比丘的渴爱在这些地方生起时会生起。世尊说了这个意思。关于这个意思,是这样说的:
‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, taṇhuppādā, yattha bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati. Katame cattāro? Cīvarahetu vā, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati; piṇḍapātahetu vā, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati; senāsanahetu vā, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati; itibhavābhavahetu vā, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati. Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro taṇhuppādā yattha bhikkhuno taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjatī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
1094渴爱是人的同伴,在漫长的岁月中流转;
‘‘Taṇhādutiyo puriso, dīghamaddhāna saṃsaraṃ;
1095他无法超越轮回,一会儿是这种状态,一会儿是那种状态。
Itthabhāvaññathābhāvaṃ, saṃsāraṃ nātivattati.
1096知道这是过患,渴爱是苦的源头,
‘‘Etamādīnavaṃ ñatvā, taṇhaṃ dukkhassa sambhavaṃ;
1097比丘应当离渴爱、无取、具念地游方。
Vītataṇho anādāno, sato bhikkhu paribbaje’’ti.
1098这个义理也是世尊所说,我如是听闻。第五。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Pañcamaṃ.
10997. 与梵天俱经
7. Sabrahmakasuttaṃ
106此是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
1101“比丘们,那些子女在家中恭敬父母的人,他们的家庭是有梵天在的家庭。比丘们,那些子女在家中恭敬父母的人,他们的家庭是有古神在的家庭。比丘们,那些子女在家中恭敬父母的人,他们的家庭是有古师在的家庭。比丘们,那些子女在家中恭敬父母的人,他们的家庭是有应受供养者在的家庭。”
‘‘Sabrahmakāni, bhikkhave, tāni kulāni yesaṃ puttānaṃ mātāpitaro ajjhāgāre pūjitā honti. Sapubbadevatāni , bhikkhave, tāni kulāni yesaṃ puttānaṃ mātāpitaro ajjhāgāre pūjitā honti. Sapubbācariyakāni, bhikkhave, tāni kulāni yesaṃ puttānaṃ mātāpitaro ajjhāgāre pūjitā honti. Sāhuneyyakāni, bhikkhave, tāni kulāni yesaṃ puttānaṃ mātāpitaro ajjhāgāre pūjitā honti.
1102“比丘们,‘梵天’是父母的同义词。比丘们,‘古神’是父母的同义词。比丘们,‘古师’是父母的同义词。比丘们,‘应受供养者’是父母的同义词。为什么呢?比丘们,父母对子女有大恩惠,他们养育、照料、向子女展示这个世界。”这是世尊所说的义理。关于这一点,是这样说的:
‘‘‘Brahmā’ti, bhikkhave, mātāpitūnaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Pubbadevatā’ti, bhikkhave, mātāpitūnaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Pubbācariyā’ti, bhikkhave, mātāpitūnaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. ‘Āhuneyyā’ti, bhikkhave, mātāpitūnaṃ etaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu? Bahukārā, bhikkhave, mātāpitaro puttānaṃ āpādakā posakā imassa lokassa dassetāro’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
1103“父母即是梵天,也称为古师;
‘‘Brahmāti mātāpitaro, pubbācariyāti vuccare;
1104是子女的应受供养者,对后代心怀悲悯。”
Āhuneyyā ca puttānaṃ, pajāya anukampakā.
1105所以,智者应当礼敬他们,恭敬他们,
‘‘Tasmā hi ne namasseyya, sakkareyya ca paṇḍito;
1106以食物、饮品、衣物和卧具,
Annena atha pānena, vatthena sayanena ca;
1107以涂油、沐浴,以及洗脚来侍奉。
Ucchādanena nhāpanena , pādānaṃ dhovanena ca.
1108智者以这样的照料,对待父母,
‘‘Tāya naṃ pāricariyāya, mātāpitūsu paṇḍitā;
1109在此世间,人们就称赞他,死后他在天界欢喜。
Idheva naṃ pasaṃsanti, pecca sagge pamodatī’’ti.
1110这个义理也是世尊所说,我这样听闻。第九。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Navamaṃ.
11118. 多作经
8. Bahukārasuttaṃ
107这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
1113“诸比丘,婆罗门在家众对你们有大恩,他们为你们提供衣服、食物、坐卧处、病缘医药资具。诸比丘,你们对婆罗门在家众也有大恩,因为你们为他们开示佛法——初善、中善、后善,有义有理,并宣讲完全圆满、清净的梵行。诸比丘,就是这样彼此互相依靠而修梵行,是为了渡越暴流,正确地作苦的终结。”世尊讲说了这个义理。对此,经中如是说道:
‘‘Bahukārā , bhikkhave, brāhmaṇagahapatikā tumhākaṃ ye vo paccupaṭṭhitā cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhārehi. Tumhepi, bhikkhave, bahukārā brāhmaṇagahapatikānaṃ yaṃ nesaṃ dhammaṃ desetha ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ, kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsetha. Evamidaṃ, bhikkhave, aññamaññaṃ nissāya brahmacariyaṃ vussati oghassa nittharaṇatthāya sammā dukkhassa antakiriyāyā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
1114“有家者与无家者,两者互相依赖;
‘‘Sāgārā anagārā ca, ubho aññoññanissitā;
1115他们成就正法,无上的安稳。
Ārādhayanti saddhammaṃ, yogakkhemaṃ anuttaraṃ.
1116“有家者提供衣服、资具和坐卧处;
‘‘Sāgāresu ca cīvaraṃ, paccayaṃ sayanāsanaṃ;
1117无家者接受,并为他们消除危难。”
Anagārā paṭicchanti, parissayavinodanaṃ.
1118依靠善逝而在家寻求家宅的人们,
‘‘Sugataṃ pana nissāya, gahaṭṭhā gharamesino;
1119信仰阿拉汉们——那些具足圣慧的禅修者。
Saddahānā arahataṃ, ariyapaññāya jhāyino.
1120在此行持了通往善趣的法道后,
‘‘Idha dhammaṃ caritvāna, maggaṃ sugatigāminaṃ;
1121那些贪爱欲乐的人在天界欢喜享乐。
Nandino devalokasmiṃ, modanti kāmakāmino’’ti.
1122这义理也是世尊所说,我如是听闻。第九。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Navamaṃ.
11239. 诈经
9. Kuhasuttaṃ
108这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我如是听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
1125“比丘们,那些狡诈、顽固、爱唠叨、浮夸、心高气傲、内心散乱的比丘,他们不是我的弟子。比丘们,这些人已经远离了这法与律,不会在这法与律中获得增长、进步和圆满。而比丘们,那些不狡诈、不唠叨、沉稳、不顽固、内心真正安定的比丘,他们才是我的弟子。比丘们,这些人没有远离这法与律,会在这法与律中获得增长、进步和圆满。”世尊讲了这番道理。在这里,是这样说的:
‘‘Ye keci, bhikkhave, bhikkhū kuhā thaddhā lapā siṅgī unnaḷā asamāhitā, na me te , bhikkhave, bhikkhū māmakā. Apagatā ca te, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmā dhammavinayā; na ca te imasmiṃ dhammavinaye vuddhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjanti. Ye ca kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhū nikkuhā nillapā dhīrā atthaddhā susamāhitā, te kho me, bhikkhave, bhikkhū māmakā. Anapagatā ca te, bhikkhave, bhikkhū imasmā dhammavinayā; te ca imasmiṃ dhammavinaye vuddhiṃ virūḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjantī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
1126“狡诈、顽固、爱唠叨又浮夸,心高气傲、内心散乱的那些人,
‘‘Kuhā thaddhā lapā siṅgī, unnaḷā asamāhitā;
1127在正自觉者教导的法中,他们不会获得增长。
Na te dhamme virūhanti, sammāsambuddhadesite.
1128“不狡诈、不唠叨、沉稳的人,不顽固、内心真正安定的人,
‘‘Nikkuhā nillapā dhīrā, atthaddhā susamāhitā;
1129在正自觉者教导的法中,他们确实会获得增长。”
Te ve dhamme virūhanti, sammāsambuddhadesite’’ti.
1130这个义理也是世尊所说的,我是这样听来的。第五。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Pañcamaṃ.
113110. 河流经
10. Nadīsotasuttaṃ
109这是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
1133“比丘们,就比如一个人被河流的水流冲走,那水流令人喜爱、令人愉悦。一个视力正常的人站在岸边看见他,会这样说:‘喂,你这人啊,虽然你被这河流中令人喜爱、令人愉悦的水流冲走,但在下游有一个深渊,有波浪、有漩涡、有凶鱼、有夜叉。你这人啊,一旦到达那个深渊,你将会死去,或者遭受濒死般的痛苦。’比丘们,那时,那个人听见了另一个人的喊声,就会用手用脚奋力逆流挣扎。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhikkhave, puriso nadiyā sotena ovuyheyya piyarūpasātarūpena. Tamenaṃ cakkhumā puriso tīre ṭhito disvā evaṃ vadeyya – ‘kiñcāpi kho tvaṃ, ambho purisa, nadiyā sotena ovuyhasi piyarūpasātarūpena, atthi cettha heṭṭhā rahado saūmi sāvaṭṭo sagaho sarakkhaso yaṃ tvaṃ, ambho purisa, rahadaṃ pāpuṇitvā maraṇaṃ vā nigacchasi maraṇamattaṃ vā dukkha’nti. Atha kho so, bhikkhave, puriso tassa purisassa saddaṃ sutvā hatthehi ca pādehi ca paṭisotaṃ vāyameyya.
1134“比丘们,我说这个譬喻,是为了让意思清楚明白。这里的意思是这样的:‘河流的水流’,比丘们,这是对渴爱的称谓。
‘‘Upamā kho me ayaṃ, bhikkhave, katā atthassa viññāpanāya. Ayaṃ cettha attho – ‘nadiyā soto’ti kho, bhikkhave, taṇhāyetaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
1135“‘令人喜爱、令人愉悦的东西’,比丘们,这是对六种内在处门的称谓。
‘‘‘Piyarūpaṃ sātarūpa’nti kho, bhikkhave, channetaṃ ajjhattikānaṃ āyatanānaṃ adhivacanaṃ.
1136“‘下游的深渊’,比丘们,这是对五种下分的结的称谓;
‘‘‘Heṭṭhā rahado’ti kho, bhikkhave, pañcannaṃ orambhāgiyānaṃ saṃyojanānaṃ adhivacanaṃ;
1137“‘波浪之险’,比丘们,这是对愤怒与沮丧的称谓;
‘‘‘Ūmibhaya’nti kho , bhikkhave, kodhupāyāsassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ;
1138“诸比丘,‘漩涡’一词,指的是五种感官欲乐。”
‘‘‘Āvaṭṭa’nti kho , bhikkhave, pañcannetaṃ kāmaguṇānaṃ adhivacanaṃ;
1139“诸比丘,‘魔罗’一词,指的是女人。”
‘‘‘Gaharakkhaso’ti kho , bhikkhave, mātugāmassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ;
1140“诸比丘,‘逆流’一词,指的是出离。”
‘‘‘Paṭisoto’ti kho, bhikkhave, nekkhammassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ;
1141“诸比丘,‘手脚并用地奋力前进’一词,指的是精进策励。”
‘‘‘Hatthehi ca pādehi ca vāyāmo’ti kho, bhikkhave, vīriyārambhassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ;
1142“诸比丘,‘有眼力的人站在岸边’一词,指的是如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者。”世尊说了这个义理。对此,这样说到:
‘‘‘Cakkhumā puriso tīre ṭhitoti kho, bhikkhave, tathāgatassetaṃ adhivacanaṃ arahato sammāsambuddhassā’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
1143“即便伴随着痛苦,他也应舍弃感官欲乐,一心希望未来获得安稳;
‘‘Sahāpi dukkhena jaheyya kāme, yogakkhemaṃ āyatiṃ patthayāno;
1144他正确地了知,心彻底解脱,在处处触及解脱之乐;
Sammappajāno suvimuttacitto, vimuttiyā phassaye tattha tattha;
1145他是吠陀成就者,梵行已立,被称为到达世间边际者、度到彼岸者。
Sa vedagū vūsitabrahmacariyo, lokantagū pāragatoti vuccatī’’ti.
1146此义也是世尊所说,我如是听闻。第八经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
114711. 行经
11. Carasuttaṃ
110这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
1149诸比丘,即使是在行走的比丘,如果生起了欲寻、嗔寻或害寻。诸比丘,如果那位比丘容忍它、不舍断它、不驱除它、不终止它、不令它归于无有。诸比丘,那么,即使是在行走,这样的比丘也被称为不精进、无愧、持续不断地懈怠、精力低下。
‘‘Carato cepi, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno uppajjati kāmavitakko vā byāpādavitakko vā vihiṃsāvitakko vā. Tañce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu adhivāseti nappajahati na vinodeti na byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti. Carampi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃbhūto anātāpī anottāpī satataṃ samitaṃ kusīto hīnavīriyoti vuccati.
1150诸比丘,即使是在站立的比丘,如果生起了欲寻、嗔寻或害寻。诸比丘,如果那位比丘容忍它、不舍断它、不驱除它、不终止它、不令它归于无有。诸比丘,那么,即使是在站立,这样的比丘也被称为不精进、无愧、持续不断地懈怠、精力低下。
‘‘Ṭhitassa cepi, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno uppajjati kāmavitakko vā byāpādavitakko vā vihiṃsāvitakko vā. Tañce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu adhivāseti nappajahati na vinodeti na byantīkaroti na anabhāvaṃ gameti. Ṭhitopi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃbhūto anātāpī anottāpī satataṃ samitaṃ kusīto hīnavīriyoti vuccati.
1151比丘们,如果一位比丘在坐着的时候,生起了欲寻、嗔寻或害寻。比丘们,如果他忍受它,不舍断、不驱除、不灭除、不让它消失,那么,比丘们,这样的一位比丘,即使只是坐着,也被称作不精进、无愧、恒常怠惰、精进低劣。
‘‘Nisinnassa cepi, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno uppajjati kāmavitakko vā byāpādavitakko vā vihiṃsāvitakko vā. Tañce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu adhivāseti nappajahati na vinodeti na byantīkaroti na anabhāvaṃ gameti. Nisinnopi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃbhūto anātāpī anottāpī satataṃ samitaṃ kusīto hīnavīriyoti vuccati.
1152比丘们,如果一位比丘在躺着并且醒着的时候,生起了欲寻、嗔寻或害寻。比丘们,如果他忍受它,不舍断、不驱除、不灭除、不让它消失,那么,比丘们,这样躺着并且醒着的比丘,也被称作不精进、无愧、恒常怠惰、精进低劣。
‘‘Sayānassa cepi, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno jāgarassa uppajjati kāmavitakko vā byāpādavitakko vā vihiṃsāvitakko vā. Tañce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu adhivāseti nappajahati na vinodeti na byantīkaroti na anabhāvaṃ gameti. Sayānopi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu jāgaro evaṃbhūto anātāpī anottāpī satataṃ samitaṃ kusīto hīnavīriyoti vuccati.
1153比丘们,如果一位比丘在行走的时候,生起了欲寻、嗔寻或害寻。比丘们,如果他不忍受它,而是舍断、驱除、灭除、让它消失,那么,比丘们,这样行走的比丘,就被称作精进、有愧、恒常不懈、已发精进、心意坚定。
‘‘Carato cepi, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno uppajjati kāmavitakko vā byāpādavitakko vā vihiṃsāvitakko vā. Tañce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti. Carampi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃbhūto ātāpī ottāpī satataṃ samitaṃ āraddhavīriyo pahitattoti vuccati.
1154比丘们,如果一位比丘在站着的时候,生起了欲寻、嗔寻或害寻。比丘们,如果他不忍受它,而是舍断、驱除、灭除、让它消失,那么,比丘们,这样站着的比丘,也被称作精进、有愧、恒常不懈、已发精进、心意坚定。
‘‘Ṭhitassa cepi, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno uppajjati kāmavitakko vā byāpādavitakko vā vihiṃsāvitakko vā. Tañce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti. Ṭhitopi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃbhūto ātāpī ottāpī satataṃ samitaṃ āraddhavīriyo pahitattoti vuccati.
1155比丘们,如果一位比丘在坐着的时候,生起了欲寻、嗔寻或害寻。比丘们,如果他不忍受它,而是舍断、驱除、灭除、让它消失,那么,比丘们,这样坐着的比丘,也被称作精进、有愧、恒常不懈、已发精进、心意坚定。
‘‘Nisinnassa cepi, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno uppajjati kāmavitakko vā byāpādavitakko vā vihiṃsāvitakko vā. Tañce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti. Nisinnopi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃbhūto ātāpī ottāpī satataṃ samitaṃ āraddhavīriyo pahitattoti vuccati.
1156比丘们,如果一位比丘在躺着并且醒着的时候,生起了欲寻、嗔寻或害寻。比丘们,如果他不忍受它,而是舍断、驱除、灭除、让它消失,那么,比丘们,这样躺着并且醒着的比丘,也被称作精进、有愧、恒常不懈、已发精进、心意坚定。这是世尊所说的意思。关于这一点,这么说:
‘‘Sayānassa cepi, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno jāgarassa uppajjati kāmavitakko vā byāpādavitakko vā vihiṃsāvitakko vā. Tañce, bhikkhave, bhikkhu nādhivāseti pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti. Sayānopi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu jāgaro evaṃbhūto ātāpī ottāpī satataṃ samitaṃ āraddhavīriyo pahitattoti vuccatī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
1157或行走,或站立,
‘‘Caraṃ vā yadi vā tiṭṭhaṃ, nisinno uda vā sayaṃ;
1158或坐着,或躺着;
Yo vitakkaṃ vitakketi, pāpakaṃ gehanissitaṃ.
1159他若生起一个念头,一个与居家相关的不善念头。
‘‘Kummaggaṃ paṭipanno so, mohaneyyesu mucchito;
1160他走上了邪路,沉迷于那些令人迷惑的事物;
Abhabbo tādiso bhikkhu, phuṭṭhuṃ sambodhimuttamaṃ.
1161像那样的比丘,不可能触证无上的正觉。
‘‘Yo ca caraṃ vā tiṭṭhaṃ vā , nisinno uda vā sayaṃ;
1162而那种比丘,或行走,或站立,或坐着,或躺着;
Vitakkaṃ samayitvāna, vitakkūpasame rato;
1163那样的比丘,有能力触证至高的正觉。
Bhabbo so tādiso bhikkhu, phuṭṭhuṃ sambodhimuttama’’nti.
1164这个义理也是世尊所说,我这样听闻。第四经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Catutthaṃ.
116512. 具足戒经
12. Sampannasīlasuttaṃ
111这确实是世尊所说,是阿拉汉所说,我这样听闻——
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
1167“比丘们,你们要具足戒行,具足巴帝摩卡,安住在巴帝摩卡律仪的保护之中,具足行处与正行,即使在微细的过失上也见到危险,完整地修学各项学处。
‘‘Sampannasīlā, bhikkhave, viharatha sampannapātimokkhā; pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvutā viharatha ācāragocarasampannā aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvino; samādāya sikkhatha sikkhāpadesu.
1168“比丘们,如果你们已经具足戒行,具足巴帝摩卡,安住在巴帝摩卡律仪的保护之中,具足行处与正行,在微细的过失上也见到危险,完整地修学各项学处,那么,还有什么更高的应做之事呢?
‘‘Sampannasīlānaṃ vo, bhikkhave, viharataṃ sampannapātimokkhānaṃ pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvutānaṃ viharataṃ ācāragocarasampannānaṃ aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvīnaṃ samādāya sikkhataṃ sikkhāpadesu kimassa uttari karaṇīyaṃ ?
1169“比丘们,即使在行走的时候,如果比丘的贪欲已经消散,嗔恨已经消散,昏沉与睡眠已经消散,掉举与追悔已经消散,疑惑已被断除,他的精进已经发动而不退缩,他的正念已经确立而不忘失,他的身体平静而不躁动,他的心专注而统一。那么,比丘们,一位这样的比丘,即使在行走时,也被称为热忱、有惭耻、持续不断、精进努力、意志坚定的人。”
‘‘Carato cepi, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno bhijjhā vigatā hoti, byāpādo vigato hoti , thinamiddhaṃ vigataṃ hoti, uddhaccakukkuccaṃ vigataṃ hoti, vicikicchā pahīnā hoti, āraddhaṃ hoti vīriyaṃ asallīnaṃ, upaṭṭhitā sati asammuṭṭhā , passaddho kāyo asāraddho, samāhitaṃ cittaṃ ekaggaṃ . Carampi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃbhūto ātāpī ottāpī satataṃ samitaṃ āraddhavīriyo pahitattoti vuccati.
1170比丘们,如果一位比丘在站立时,贪求离开了,恶意……昏沉睡眠……掉举恶作……疑被舍断了,精进已发动而不退缩,念已现前而不忘失,身体轻安而不躁动,心已得定、成为一境,那么,比丘们,这样的一位比丘即使是站着,也被称为热忱者、有惭者、恒常、持续地精进发动者、志向坚定者。
‘‘Ṭhitassa cepi, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno abhijjhā vigatā hoti byāpādo…pe… thinamiddhaṃ… uddhaccakukkuccaṃ… vicikicchā pahīnā hoti, āraddhaṃ hoti vīriyaṃ asallīnaṃ , upaṭṭhitā sati asammuṭṭhā, passaddho kāyo asāraddho, samāhitaṃ cittaṃ ekaggaṃ. Ṭhitopi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃbhūto ātāpī ottāpī satataṃ samitaṃ āraddhavīriyo pahitattoti vuccati.
1171比丘们,如果一位比丘在坐着时,贪求离开了,恶意……昏沉睡眠……掉举恶作……疑被舍断了,精进已发动而不退缩,念已现前而不忘失,身体轻安而不躁动,心已得定、成为一境,那么,比丘们,这样的一位比丘即使是坐着,也被称为热忱者、有惭者、恒常、持续地精进发动者、志向坚定者。
‘‘Nisinnassa cepi, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno abhijjhā vigatā hoti, byāpādo…pe… thinamiddhaṃ… uddhaccakukkuccaṃ… vicikicchā pahīnā hoti, āraddhaṃ hoti vīriyaṃ asallīnaṃ, upaṭṭhitā sati asammuṭṭhā, passaddho kāyo asāraddho, samāhitaṃ cittaṃ ekaggaṃ. Nisinnopi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu evaṃbhūto ātāpī ottāpī satataṃ samitaṃ āraddhavīriyo pahitattoti vuccati.
1172比丘们,如果一位比丘在躺卧且醒着时,贪求离开了,恶意……昏沉睡眠……掉举恶作……疑被舍断了,精进已发动而不退缩,念已现前而不忘失,身体轻安而不躁动,心已得定、成为一境,那么,比丘们,这样的一位比丘即使是躺卧且醒着,也被称为热忱者、有惭者、恒常、持续地精进发动者、志向坚定者。这就是世尊所说。在那里,此事被如此说:
‘‘Sayānassa cepi , bhikkhave, bhikkhuno jāgarassa abhijjhā vigatā hoti byāpādo…pe… thinamiddhaṃ… uddhaccakukkuccaṃ… vicikicchā pahīnā hoti, āraddhaṃ hoti vīriyaṃ asallīnaṃ, upaṭṭhitā sati asammuṭṭhā, passaddho kāyo asāraddho, samāhitaṃ cittaṃ ekaggaṃ. Sayānopi, bhikkhave, bhikkhu jāgaro evaṃbhūto ātāpī ottāpī satataṃ samitaṃ āraddhavīriyo pahitattoti vuccatī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
1173谨慎地行走,谨慎地站立,谨慎地坐着,谨慎地躺卧;
‘‘Yataṃ care yataṃ tiṭṭhe, yataṃ acche yataṃ saye;
1174比丘谨慎地弯曲肢体,也谨慎地伸展它。
Yataṃ samiñjaye bhikkhu, yatamenaṃ pasāraye.
1175向上、横向、向下,只要是世间之趣向所及;
‘‘Uddhaṃ tiriyaṃ apācīnaṃ, yāvatā jagato gati;
1176观察诸法,以及五蕴的生灭。
Samavekkhitā ca dhammānaṃ, khandhānaṃ udayabbayaṃ.
1177这样安住不放逸,寂静、不散乱,
‘‘Evaṃ vihārimātāpiṃ, santavuttimanuddhataṃ;
1178始终修习与修心入定相契合,恒具正念;
Cetosamathasāmīciṃ, sikkhamānaṃ sadā sataṃ;
1179人们称这样的比丘为‘恒常精进不懈者’。
Satataṃ pahitattoti, āhu bhikkhuṃ tathāvidha’’nti.
1180这个义理也是世尊说的,我是这样听到的。第四经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Catutthaṃ.
118113. 世间经
13. Lokasuttaṃ
112以下是世尊所说、阿拉汉所说,如是我闻:
Vuttañhetaṃ bhagavatā, vuttamarahatāti me sutaṃ –
1183比丘们,世间已被如来完全觉悟;如来已脱离世间。比丘们,世间集已被如来完全觉悟;世间集已被如来舍断。比丘们,世间灭已被如来完全觉悟;世间灭已被如来亲证。比丘们,世间灭之道已被如来完全觉悟;世间灭之道已被如来修习。
‘‘Loko, bhikkhave, tathāgatena abhisambuddhoः lokasmā tathāgato visaṃyutto. Lokasamudayo, bhikkhave, tathāgatena abhisambuddho ः lokasamudayo tathāgatassa pahīno. Lokanirodho, bhikkhave, tathāgatena abhisambuddhoः lokanirodho tathāgatassa sacchikato. Lokanirodhagāminī paṭipadā, bhikkhave, tathāgatena abhisambuddhāः lokanirodhagāminī paṭipadā tathāgatassa bhāvitā.
1184比丘们,包括天神、魔罗、梵天的世间,包括沙门、婆罗门与天神人类在内的世代,任何所见、所闻、所觉知、所识知、所达到、所寻求、内心所探索过的,如来都已完全觉悟,因此称为‘如来’。
‘‘Yaṃ, bhikkhave, sadevakassa lokassa samārakassa sabrahmakassa sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutaṃ viññātaṃ pattaṃ pariyesitaṃ anuvicaritaṃ manasā yasmā taṃ tathāgatena abhisambuddhaṃ, tasmā tathāgatoti vuccati.
1185比丘们,如来证得无上正等觉的那一夜,以及他在无余涅槃界般涅槃的那一夜,在这之间他所说的、所讲的、所开示的一切,都完全是那样,不会变成别的样子,因此称为‘如来’。
‘‘Yañca, bhikkhave, rattiṃ tathāgato anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhati, yañca rattiṃ anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyati, yaṃ etasmiṃ antare bhāsati lapati niddisati, sabbaṃ taṃ tatheva hoti no aññathā, tasmā tathāgatoti vuccati.
1186比丘们,如来怎样说就怎样做,怎样做就怎样说。正因为他怎样说就怎样做、怎样做就怎样说,因此称为‘如来’。
‘‘Yathāvādī, bhikkhave, tathāgato tathākārī, yathākārī tathāvādī, iti yathāvādī tathākārī yathākārī tathāvādī, tasmā tathāgatoti vuccati.
1187比丘们,在包括天神、魔罗、梵天、沙门、婆罗门与天神人类的世间中,如来是最胜者、不被征服者、一切见者、自在者,因此称为‘如来’。”世尊说了这个义理。关于这一点,有这样的偈颂:
‘‘Sadevake, bhikkhave, loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya tathāgato abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī, tasmā tathāgatoti vuccatī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca. Tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
1188彻底了知一切世间,在一切世间中如实无碍;
‘‘Sabbalokaṃ abhiññāya, sabbaloke yathātathaṃ;
1189与一切世间脱离联系,对一切世间无所依着。
Sabbalokavisaṃyutto, sabbaloke anūpayo .
1190他确实是征服一切的智者,解脱了一切束缚;
‘‘Sa ve sabbābhibhū dhīro, sabbaganthappamocano;
1191他触及了至高的寂静,那无所畏惧的涅槃。
Phuṭṭhāssa paramā santi, nibbānaṃ akutobhayaṃ.
1192这位漏尽者就是佛陀,没有苦恼,断除了疑惑;
‘‘Esa khīṇāsavo buddho, anīgho chinnasaṃsayo;
1193他到达一切业的灭尽,在依着的灭尽中解脱。
Sabbakammakkhayaṃ patto, vimutto upadhisaṅkhaye.
1194这位世尊就是佛陀,这位无与伦比的狮子;
‘‘Esa so bhagavā buddho, esa sīho anuttaro;
1195为包含天神在内的世间,转动了梵轮。
Sadevakassa lokassa, brahmacakkaṃ pavattayi.
1196如此,天神与人类中,凡是皈依了佛陀的人,
‘‘Iti devā manussā ca, ye buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā;
1197他们聚集一起礼敬他,那伟大、离垢的存在。
Saṅgamma taṃ namassanti, mahantaṃ vītasāradaṃ.
1198已调伏者中调伏师之最上,已寂静者中静默的仙人;
‘‘Danto damayataṃ seṭṭho, santo samayataṃ isi;
1199已解脱者中解脱师之最殊胜,已渡越者中渡师之最上。
Mutto mocayataṃ aggo, tiṇṇo tārayataṃ varo.
1200如此,他们确实礼敬着,这伟大、离垢的存在;
‘‘Iti hetaṃ namassanti, mahantaṃ vītasāradaṃ;
1201在包括天人的世界里,没有一个人能与你相匹敌。
Sadevakasmiṃ lokasmiṃ, natthi te paṭipuggalo’’ti.
1202这个义理也是世尊所说,我如是听闻。第六经。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā, iti me sutanti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
1203四集完
Catukkanipāto niṭṭhito.
1204其摄颂——
Tassuddānaṃ –
1205婆罗门易得、知、沙门戒、渴爱、梵天;
Brāhmaṇasulabhā jānaṃ, samaṇasīlā taṇhā brahmā;
1206多功劳、狡诈人、行、具足、与世间,十三。
Bahukārā kuhapurisā , cara sampanna lokena terasāti.
1207经的结集:
Suttasaṅgaho –
1208经摄颂——
Suttasaṅgaho –
1209一法集有二十七品,二法集包含二十二经;
Sattavisekanipātaṃ, dukkaṃ bāvīsasuttasaṅgahitaṃ;
1210同样的三法集有五十经,四法集有十三;这就是这部经集。
Samapaññāsamathatikaṃ, terasa catukkañca iti yamidaṃ.
1211那二百一十二经,从前由阿拉汉们结集并编纂;
Dvidasuttarasuttasate, saṅgāyitvā samādahiṃsu purā;
1212为了长久流传,他们称之为《如是语》经。
Arahanto ciraṭṭhitiyā, tamāhu nāmena itivuttanti.
1213如是语部完
Itivuttakapāḷi niṭṭhitā.