DN 4 · 种德经
14. 索那丹达经
4. Soṇadaṇḍasuttaṃ
2占佩亚咖婆罗门居士众
Campeyyakabrāhmaṇagahapatikā
300如是我闻：有一次，世尊在鸯伽国游化，由大比丘僧团陪同，大约有五百位比丘，行脚到了瞻波城。那时，世尊就住在瞻波城外的嘎嘎拉莲花池畔。而这时候，有一位名叫种德的婆罗门住在瞻波城。这城人口众多，草木、饮水丰足，粮食充裕，是摩揭陀国的色尼亚·频婆娑罗王赐给种德婆罗门的一项王家封赏，一块梵天供养地。
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā aṅgesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi yena campā tadavasari. Tatra sudaṃ bhagavā campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre. Tena kho pana samayena soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo campaṃ ajjhāvasati sattussadaṃ satiṇakaṭṭhodakaṃ sadhaññaṃ rājabhoggaṃ raññā māgadhena seniyena bimbisārena dinnaṃ rājadāyaṃ brahmadeyyaṃ.
301瞻波城的婆罗门和在家居士们听说：‘嘿，听说那位释迦族的出家人、释迦族的儿子——沙门乔达摩，他在鸯伽国游化，带着一大群比丘，大概有五百位，已经到了咱瞻波城，就住在嘎嘎拉莲花池边上呢。关于这位乔达摩大师，广泛流传着这样美好的名声：“那位世尊是位阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行足、善逝、世间解、无上调御丈夫、天人师、佛陀、世尊。”他亲自证知、亲证后，才向这个有天神、有魔罗、有梵天的世界，向这群有沙门、婆罗门以及天神和人类的大众说法。他宣说的法，开头是善美的，中间是善美的，结尾也是善美的；他开显的梵行，义理与文句都圆满具足、完全清净。能见到这样的阿拉汉，那可真是件大好事啊！’于是，瞻波城的婆罗门和在家居士们纷纷出城，成群结队、三五成群地朝着嘎嘎拉莲花池走去。
Assosuṃ kho campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā – ‘‘samaṇo khalu bho gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito aṅgesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi campaṃ anuppatto campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre. Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. So imaṃ lokaṃ sadevakaṃ samārakaṃ sabrahmakaṃ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṃ pajaṃ sadevamanussaṃ sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedeti. So dhammaṃ deseti ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāseti. Sādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṃ arahataṃ dassanaṃ hotī’’ti. Atha kho campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā campāya nikkhamitvā saṅghasaṅghī gaṇībhūtā yena gaggarā pokkharaṇī tenupasaṅkamanti.
302那时候，种德婆罗门正在他楼阁的上层午休。他看见瞻波城的婆罗门和在家居士们正一队队、一群群地出城，朝嘎嘎拉莲花池的方向去。看到这情景，他就叫来他的仆人，问道：‘喂，伙计，这瞻波城的婆罗门和居士们，怎么成群结队、一伙一伙地出城，全往嘎嘎拉莲花池那边去了？’仆人回话说：‘先生，是这样的。那位释迦族的出家人，释迦族的儿子——沙门乔达摩，他在鸯伽国游化，带着大约五百位比丘的大僧团，已经到了咱瞻波城，住在嘎嘎拉莲花池边上。关于这位乔达摩大师，那好名声可是传遍了：“那位世尊是位阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行足、善逝、世间解、无上调御丈夫、天人师、佛陀、世尊。”这些人啊，都是去拜见那位乔达摩大师的。’种德说：‘那么，伙计，你去那群瞻波城的婆罗门和居士们那里，去告诉他们：“诸位先生，种德婆罗门这么说了：请大家稍等一会儿，种德婆罗门也要去拜见沙门乔达摩。”’那位仆人答应道：‘好的，先生。’就照着种德婆罗门的吩咐，走到那些婆罗门和居士跟前，对他们说：‘诸位先生，种德婆罗门这么说了：“请大家稍等一会儿，种德婆罗门也要去拜见沙门乔达摩。”’
Tena kho pana samayena soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo uparipāsāde divāseyyaṃ upagato hoti. Addasā kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo campeyyake brāhmaṇagahapatike campāya nikkhamitvā saṅghasaṅghī gaṇībhūte yena gaggarā pokkharaṇī tenupasaṅkamante. Disvā khattaṃ āmantesi – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho, bho khatte, campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā campāya nikkhamitvā saṅghasaṅghī gaṇībhūtā yena gaggarā pokkharaṇī tenupasaṅkamantī’’ti? ‘‘Atthi kho, bho, samaṇo gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito aṅgesu cārikaṃ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṃ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi campaṃ anuppatto campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre. Taṃ kho pana bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ti. Tamete bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamantī’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, bho khatte, yena campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā tenupasaṅkama, upasaṅkamitvā campeyyake brāhmaṇagahapatike evaṃ vadehi – ‘soṇadaṇḍo, bho, brāhmaṇo evamāha – āgamentu kira bhavanto, soṇadaṇḍopi brāhmaṇo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’ti kho so khattā soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa paṭissutvā yena campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā campeyyake brāhmaṇagahapatike etadavoca – ‘‘soṇadaṇḍo bho brāhmaṇo evamāha – ‘āgamentu kira bhavanto, soṇadaṇḍopi brāhmaṇo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’’’ti.
6索那丹达功德论
Soṇadaṇḍaguṇakathā
303而那时候，正好有大约五百位从各地来的婆罗门，因为一些事务暂时住在瞻波城。他们听说了‘那位种德婆罗门也要去拜见沙门乔达摩’的消息。于是，这些婆罗门就去种德婆罗门那里，到了便问他：‘种德大师，听说您真要去拜见沙门乔达摩，这是真的吗？’种德回答：‘是的，先生们，我是这么打算的——我自己也要去拜见沙门乔达摩。’
Tena kho pana samayena nānāverajjakānaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ pañcamattāni brāhmaṇasatāni campāyaṃ paṭivasanti kenacideva karaṇīyena. Assosuṃ kho te brāhmaṇā – ‘‘soṇadaṇḍo kira brāhmaṇo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’’ti. Atha kho te brāhmaṇā yena soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu; upasaṅkamitvā soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘saccaṃ kira bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’’ti? ‘‘Evaṃ kho me, bho, hoti – ‘ahampi samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissāmī’’’ti.
8‘种德大师，您可千万别去拜见沙门乔达摩！您去拜见沙门乔达摩，这可不太合适。如果您去了，您种德大师的声望就会下降，而沙门乔达摩的声望反而会增长。就凭这一点——您的声望会下降，沙门乔达摩的声望会增长——您就不该去拜见沙门乔达摩；相反，应该是沙门乔达摩来拜见您才对。
‘‘Mā bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkami. Na arahati bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Sace bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissati, bhoto soṇadaṇḍassa yaso hāyissati, samaṇassa gotamassa yaso abhivaḍḍhissati. Yampi bhoto soṇadaṇḍassa yaso hāyissati, samaṇassa gotamassa yaso abhivaḍḍhissati , imināpaṅgena na arahati bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ; samaṇotveva gotamo arahati bhavantaṃ soṇadaṇḍaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ.
9‘您想想看，种德大师您是从母系和父系两边，往上溯七代，血统都是纯正清白的，出生无可挑剔，没人能说三道四。就凭这一点——您血统高贵、出身清白——您也不该去拜见沙门乔达摩；应该是沙门乔达摩来拜见您才对。
‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena. Yampi bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena, imināpaṅgena na arahati bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ; samaṇotveva gotamo arahati bhavantaṃ soṇadaṇḍaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ.
10种德尊者是位富人，拥有巨大的财富和丰厚的资产……
‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo aḍḍho mahaddhano mahābhogo…pe…
11种德尊者是位精通圣典、能持咒语的学者，于三吠陀及其词汇、仪轨、音韵、语法，以及第五项的古史传说，皆已通达；他是位条理分明的讲解者，于世间学与大人相术，亦无出其右……
‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo ajjhāyako , mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ padako veyyākaraṇo, lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo…pe…
12种德尊者是位相貌端正、令人乐于瞻仰、清净庄严的人，成就了最为殊胜的容貌端丽，肤色如梵天、威仪如梵天，身形殊胜，不容小觑……
‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato brahmavaṇṇī brahmavacchasī akhuddāvakāso dassanāya…pe…
13种德尊者是位持戒者，具有久已成熟的戒行，成就了这久已成熟的戒德……
‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo sīlavā vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato…pe…
14种德尊者是位善于言辞、善于谈吐的人，具备都城仕绅般的谈吐，话语流畅清晰，无有瑕疵，足以阐明义理……
‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo kalyāṇavāco kalyāṇavākkaraṇo poriyā vācāya samannāgato vissaṭṭhāya anelagalāya atthassa viññāpaniyā…pe…
15种德尊者是众多学子的老师与老师的老师，教授着三百位年轻婆罗门学生持诵咒语。而且，确有许多来自不同地区、不同国度的年轻婆罗门，因为想学咒语、渴望通晓咒语，而来到种德尊者的座前……
‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo bahūnaṃ ācariyapācariyo tīṇi māṇavakasatāni mante vāceti. Bahū kho pana nānādisā nānājanapadā māṇavakā āgacchanti bhoto soṇadaṇḍassa santike mantatthikā mante adhiyitukāmā …pe…
16“种德尊者年迈、年长、高龄、已到暮年、到了人生的最后阶段；而沙门乔达摩正年轻，又是在年轻时就出家的……
‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo jiṇṇo vuddho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto; samaṇo gotamo taruṇo ceva taruṇapabbajito ca…pe…
17“种德尊者是摩揭陀国色尼亚·频婆娑罗王所恭敬、尊重、尊崇、敬仰、礼遇的……
‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo rañño māgadhassa seniyassa bimbisārassa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…
18“种德尊者是婆罗门逋伽沙帝所恭敬、尊重、尊崇、敬仰、礼遇的……
‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…
19“种德尊者居住在瞻波城，那里人口众多，草木、水、谷物丰饶，是摩揭陀国色尼亚·频婆娑罗王所赐予的王室封地、梵天赠礼。种德尊者居住在这样人口众多、草木、水、谷物丰饶，由摩揭陀国色尼亚·频婆娑罗王所赐予的王室封地、梵天赠礼的瞻波城。凭这一项，种德尊者就不该去拜访沙门乔达摩；反倒是沙门乔达摩应该来拜访种德尊者。”
‘‘Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo campaṃ ajjhāvasati sattussadaṃ satiṇakaṭṭhodakaṃ sadhaññaṃ rājabhoggaṃ, raññā māgadhena seniyena bimbisārena dinnaṃ, rājadāyaṃ brahmadeyyaṃ. Yampi bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo campaṃ ajjhāvasati sattussadaṃ satiṇakaṭṭhodakaṃ sadhaññaṃ rājabhoggaṃ, raññā māgadhena seniyena bimbisārena dinnaṃ, rājadāyaṃ brahmadeyyaṃ. Imināpaṅgena na arahati bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ; samaṇotveva gotamo arahati bhavantaṃ soṇadaṇḍaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamitu’’nti.
20佛功德论
Buddhaguṇakathā
304听了这些话后，种德婆罗门对那些婆罗门这样说：
Evaṃ vutte, soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo te brāhmaṇe etadavoca –
22“那么，诸位，你们也听我说说。其实，正是我们才适合去拜访那位乔达摩尊者，而不是让那位乔达摩尊者来拜访我们。诸位，沙门乔达摩从父母双方来说都是出身良善，血统纯正，往上追溯到七代祖先，在种姓的评论上都无可挑剔、不受责难。诸位，凭沙门乔达摩从父母双方来说都是出身良善、血统纯正，往上追溯到七代祖先，在种姓的评论上都无可挑剔、不受责难这一项，那位乔达摩尊者就不适合来拜访我们了；相反，我们才适合去拜访那位乔达摩尊者。”
‘‘Tena hi, bho, mamapi suṇātha, yathā mayameva arahāma taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ; natveva arahati so bhavaṃ gotamo amhākaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā, akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena. Yampi bho samaṇo gotamo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā, akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena, imināpaṅgena na arahati so bhavaṃ gotamo amhākaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ ; atha kho mayameva arahāma taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ.
23“乔达摩沙门，确实是离开了庞大的亲族圈出家的……”
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo mahantaṃ ñātisaṅghaṃ ohāya pabbajito…pe…
24“乔达摩沙门，确实是舍弃了大量的金银财宝出家的，无论是埋在地下的，还是藏在楼上的……”
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo pahūtaṃ hiraññasuvaṇṇaṃ ohāya pabbajito bhūmigatañca vehāsaṭṭhaṃ ca…pe…
25“乔达摩沙门，确实是在年少的时候，还年轻，头发乌黑亮泽，正值青春壮美的年华，在生命的最初期，就告别了家庭，出家过上了无家的生活……”
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo daharova samāno yuvā susukāḷakeso bhadrena yobbanena samannāgato paṭhamena vayasā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito…pe…
26“乔达摩沙门，确实是在父母不情愿、泪流满面、哭泣的时候，剃除了须发，穿上了袈裟，告别了家庭，出家过上了无家的生活……”
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo akāmakānaṃ mātāpitūnaṃ assumukhānaṃ rudantānaṃ kesamassuṃ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajito…pe…
27“乔达摩沙门，确实是相貌英俊、好看、庄严，拥有最上等的容貌与风采，有着梵天般的容貌，梵天般的威仪，让人看起来不会有丝毫厌倦……”
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato, brahmavaṇṇī, brahmavacchasī, akhuddāvakāso dassanāya…pe…
28“乔达摩沙门，确实是有戒行的、具备圣者之戒的、具备善戒的、为善戒所成就的……”
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo sīlavā ariyasīlī kusalasīlī kusalasīlena samannāgato…pe…
29“那位沙门乔达摩啊，确实是言辞优美、说话动听的人，他拥有优雅、清晰、流畅、无过失、能清楚表达含义的语言……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo kalyāṇavāco kalyāṇavākkaraṇo poriyā vācāya samannāgato vissaṭṭhāya anelagalāya atthassa viññāpaniyā…pe…
30“那位沙门乔达摩啊，确实是许多人的老师和祖师……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo bahūnaṃ ācariyapācariyo…pe…
31“那位沙门乔达摩啊，确实已经灭尽欲染、远离虚荣浮躁……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo khīṇakāmarāgo vigatacāpallo…pe…
32“那位沙门乔达摩啊，确实是业力论者、行为论者，为了梵行的众生，他不把邪恶放在首位……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo kammavādī kiriyavādī apāpapurekkhāro brahmaññāya pajāya…pe…
33“那位沙门乔达摩啊，确实是从高等家族出家，从纯正的刹帝利家族出家……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo uccā kulā pabbajito asambhinnakhattiyakulā…pe…
34“那位沙门乔达摩啊，确实是从富裕的家族出家，拥有巨大的财富和资产……”
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo aḍḍhā kulā pabbajito mahaddhanā mahābhogā…pe…
35“各位，这位沙门乔达摩，远方的国家、远方的城镇的人们都来向他请教问题……”
‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ tiroraṭṭhā tirojanapadā pañhaṃ pucchituṃ āgacchanti…pe…
36“各位，这位沙门乔达摩，有数以千计的天众，用生命来皈依了他……”
‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ anekāni devatāsahassāni pāṇehi saraṇaṃ gatāni…pe…
37“各位，这位沙门乔达摩，有这样美好的名声传扬开来：‘那位世尊是阿拉汉、正自觉者、明行足、善逝、世间解、无上士、调御丈夫、天人师、佛、世尊’……”
‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ evaṃ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato – ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā’ ti…pe…
38“各位，这位沙门乔达摩，具备了三十二种大丈夫的相貌特征……”
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo dvattiṃsamahāpurisalakkhaṇehi samannāgato…pe…
39“各位，这位沙门乔达摩，常说来者不拒的话语，和蔼可亲、令人欢喜，从不皱眉，总是面容舒展，主动先与人说话……”
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo ehisvāgatavādī sakhilo sammodako abbhākuṭiko uttānamukho pubbabhāsī…pe…
40“各位，这位沙门乔达摩，受到四众弟子的恭敬、尊重、供养、礼遇、崇敬……”
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo catunnaṃ parisānaṃ sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…
41朋友，很多天神和很多人都对沙门乔达摩生起了坚定的净信……
‘‘Samaṇe khalu, bho, gotame bahū devā ca manussā ca abhippasannā…pe…
42朋友，沙门乔达摩不论住在哪个村落或城镇，那里的非人都不会去伤害那里的人……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo yasmiṃ gāme vā nigame vā paṭivasati, na tasmiṃ gāme vā nigame vā amanussā manusse viheṭhenti…pe…
43朋友，沙门乔达摩有自己的僧团，有随众，是众人的导师，被尊为众多宗派创立者中最上的。然而朋友，那些沙门和婆罗门的名声，是以这样或那样的方式得来的，但沙门乔达摩的名声却不是那样得来的。沙门乔达摩的名声，是以无上的明行足成就而获得的……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo saṅghī gaṇī gaṇācariyo puthutitthakarānaṃ aggamakkhāyati. Yathā kho pana, bho, etesaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṃ yathā vā tathā vā yaso samudāgacchati, na hevaṃ samaṇassa gotamassa yaso samudāgato. Atha kho anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya samaṇassa gotamassa yaso samudāgato…pe…
44朋友，摩揭陀国的频婆娑罗王，带着他的儿子、妻子、眷属和大臣，用整个生命去归依沙门乔达摩……
‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro saputto sabhariyo sapariso sāmacco pāṇehi saraṇaṃ gato…pe…
45朋友，拘萨罗国的波斯匿王，也带着他的儿子、妻子、眷属和大臣，用整个生命去归依沙门乔达摩……
‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ rājā pasenadi kosalo saputto sabhariyo sapariso sāmacco pāṇehi saraṇaṃ gato…pe…
46朋友，逋伽沙帝婆罗门，也带着他的儿子、妻子、眷属和大臣，用整个生命去归依沙门乔达摩……
‘‘Samaṇaṃ khalu, bho, gotamaṃ brāhmaṇo pokkharasāti saputto sabhariyo sapariso sāmacco pāṇehi saraṇaṃ gato…pe…
47各位，沙门乔达摩受到摩揭陀国色尼亚·宾比萨拉王的恭敬、尊重、礼敬、供养、敬奉……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo rañño māgadhassa seniyassa bimbisārassa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…
48各位，沙门乔达摩受到拘萨罗国波斯匿王的恭敬、尊重、礼敬、供养、敬奉……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo rañño pasenadissa kosalassa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…
49各位，沙门乔达摩受到逋伽沙帝婆罗门的恭敬、尊重、礼敬、供养、敬奉……
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo brāhmaṇassa pokkharasātissa sakkato garukato mānito pūjito apacito…pe…
50各位，沙门乔达摩已经到达瞻波，住在城外的嘎嘎拉莲花池畔。要知道，无论是谁，只要是沙门或婆罗门来到我们的村落范围，就是我们的客人。客人理应受到我们的恭敬、尊重、礼敬、供养和敬奉。既然沙门乔达摩来到了瞻波，住在嘎嘎拉莲花池畔，那么这位沙门乔达摩就是我们的客人。作为客人，他应该受到我们的恭敬、尊重、礼敬、供养和敬奉。就凭这个理由，那位尊贵的乔达摩也不该来见我们，反倒是我们应当去拜见他。各位，我所知道的那位乔达摩的功德只有这么多，但那位乔达摩的功德绝非仅此而已，他的功德其实是无量的。
‘‘Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo campaṃ anuppatto, campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre. Ye kho pana, bho, keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā amhākaṃ gāmakhettaṃ āgacchanti atithī no te honti. Atithī kho panamhehi sakkātabbā garukātabbā mānetabbā pūjetabbā apacetabbā. Yampi, bho, samaṇo gotamo campaṃ anuppatto campāyaṃ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre, atithimhākaṃ samaṇo gotamo; atithi kho panamhehi sakkātabbo garukātabbo mānetabbo pūjetabbo apacetabbo. Imināpaṅgena na arahati so bhavaṃ gotamo amhākaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Atha kho mayameva arahāma taṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ. Ettake kho ahaṃ, bho, tassa bhoto gotamassa vaṇṇe pariyāpuṇāmi, no ca kho so bhavaṃ gotamo ettakavaṇṇo. Aparimāṇavaṇṇo hi so bhavaṃ gotamo’’ti.
305听了这番话，那些婆罗门对种德婆罗门这样说：‘就像尊贵的种德所赞叹的沙门乔达摩的功德那样，就算那位乔达摩现在住在一百由旬之外，也足以让一个有信心的善男子带上干粮前去拜见他了。’种德说：‘那么，各位，我们大家一起去拜见沙门乔达摩吧。’
Evaṃ vutte, te brāhmaṇā soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘yathā kho bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇassa gotamassa vaṇṇe bhāsati ito cepi so bhavaṃ gotamo yojanasate viharati, alameva saddhena kulaputtena dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ api puṭosenā’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, bho, sabbeva mayaṃ samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamissāmā’’ti.
52索那丹达之思量
Soṇadaṇḍaparivitakko
306于是，种德婆罗门和一大群婆罗门一起，前往嘎嘎拉莲花池那里去。当种德婆罗门走进一片树林时，他心里冒出了这样的念头：‘如果我去向沙门乔达摩提问，而沙门乔达摩却对我说：“婆罗门，这个问题不该这样问，婆罗门，这个问题应该这样问。”那么在场的大众就会看不起我，说：“种德婆罗门又蠢又笨，连怎么适当地向沙门乔达摩提问都不会。”一旦大众看不起我，我的名声就会受损；名声受损了，我的财宝也会减少，要知道我们的财宝是靠名声得来的。再者，如果沙门乔达摩反问我一个问题，而我回答得不能让他满意，他要是说：“婆罗门，这个问题不该这样回答，婆罗门，这个问题应该这样回答。”那么在场的大众也会看不起我，说：“种德婆罗门又蠢又笨，连回答沙门乔达摩问题的能耐都没有。”一旦大众看不起我，我的名声就会受损；名声受损了，我的财宝也会减少，要知道我们的财宝是靠名声得来的。又或者，我已经走到了这么近的地方，却没见到沙门乔达摩就打道回府，那么在场的大众就会看不起我，说：“种德婆罗门又蠢又笨，傲慢固执，胆小怕事，根本不敢去见沙门乔达摩。哪有都已经到这么近的地方了，却不看一眼沙门乔达摩就掉头往回走的？”一旦大众看不起我，名声就会受损；名声受损了，财宝也会减少，要知道我们的财宝是靠名声得来的。’
Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo mahatā brāhmaṇagaṇena saddhiṃ yena gaggarā pokkharaṇī tenupasaṅkami. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa tirovanasaṇḍagatassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘‘ahañceva kho pana samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ pañhaṃ puccheyyaṃ; tatra ce maṃ samaṇo gotamo evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na kho esa, brāhmaṇa, pañho evaṃ pucchitabbo, evaṃ nāmesa, brāhmaṇa , pañho pucchitabbo’ti, tena maṃ ayaṃ parisā paribhaveyya – ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto, nāsakkhi samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ yoniso pañhaṃ pucchitu’nti. Yaṃ kho panāyaṃ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā. Mamañceva kho pana samaṇo gotamo pañhaṃ puccheyya, tassa cāhaṃ pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ na ārādheyyaṃ; tatra ce maṃ samaṇo gotamo evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na kho esa, brāhmaṇa, pañho evaṃ byākātabbo, evaṃ nāmesa, brāhmaṇa, pañho byākātabbo’ti, tena maṃ ayaṃ parisā paribhaveyya – ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto, nāsakkhi samaṇassa gotamassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ ārādhetu’nti. Yaṃ kho panāyaṃ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā. Ahañceva kho pana evaṃ samīpagato samāno adisvāva samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ nivatteyyaṃ, tena maṃ ayaṃ parisā paribhaveyya – ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto mānathaddho bhīto ca, no visahati samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṃ, kathañhi nāma evaṃ samīpagato samāno adisvā samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ nivattissatī’ti. Yaṃ kho panāyaṃ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ, yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā’’ti.
307那时，种德婆罗门来到世尊那里。到了之后，与世尊互相问候致意。彼此说完亲切、值得记念的话语后，他坐在一旁。那些瞻波城的婆罗门和居士们，有的向世尊顶礼之后，坐在一旁；有的与世尊互相问候致意，彼此说完亲切、值得记念的话语后，坐在一旁；有的朝着世尊合掌鞠躬之后，坐在一旁；有的报上自己的名字和族姓之后，坐在一旁；有的则默不作声地坐在一旁。
Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Campeyyakāpi kho brāhmaṇagahapatikā appekacce bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce bhagavatā saddhiṃ sammodiṃsu; sammodanīyaṃ kathaṃ sāraṇīyaṃ vītisāretvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce yena bhagavā tenañjaliṃ paṇāmetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce nāmagottaṃ sāvetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu; appekacce tuṇhībhūtā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu.
308那时，种德婆罗门坐在那里，心里翻来覆去地想着一件事：'如果我向沙门乔达摩提一个问题，沙门乔达摩却这样说我：'婆罗门，这个问题不该这么问，婆罗门，这个问题应该这么问。'那在场的大众就会因此瞧不起我，他们会说：'这个种德婆罗门既愚蠢又不高明，他都没法恰当得体地向沙门乔达摩提问。'只要大众一瞧不起我，我的声望就会跌落。谁的声望跌落了，他的财富也会跟着减少。毕竟我们的财富是靠声望赚来的啊。还有，如果是沙门乔达摩向我提一个问题，而我对问题的回答没能让他的心满意；沙门乔达摩又这样说我：'婆罗门，这个问题不该这么回答，婆罗门，这个问题应该这么回答。'那在场的大众就会因此瞧不起我，他们会说：'这个种德婆罗门既愚蠢又不高明，他都没法用回答让沙门乔达摩的心满意。'只要大众一瞧不起我，我的声望就会跌落。谁的声望跌落了，他的财富也会跟着减少。毕竟我们的财富是靠声望赚来的啊。唉，要是沙门乔达摩问我一个关于我们自己师传的三吠陀学问的问题就好了，那我一定能用对这个问题的回答，让他的心彻底满意！'
Tatrapi sudaṃ soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo etadeva bahulamanuvitakkento nisinno hoti – ‘‘ahañceva kho pana samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ pañhaṃ puccheyyaṃ; tatra ce maṃ samaṇo gotamo evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na kho esa, brāhmaṇa, pañho evaṃ pucchitabbo, evaṃ nāmesa, brāhmaṇa, pañho pucchitabbo’ti, tena maṃ ayaṃ parisā paribhaveyya – ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto, nāsakkhi samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ yoniso pañhaṃ pucchitu’nti. Yaṃ kho panāyaṃ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā. Mamañceva kho pana samaṇo gotamo pañhaṃ puccheyya, tassa cāhaṃ pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ na ārādheyyaṃ; tatra ce maṃ samaṇo gotamo evaṃ vadeyya – ‘na kho esa, brāhmaṇa, pañho evaṃ byākātabbo, evaṃ nāmesa, brāhmaṇa, pañho byākātabbo’ti, tena maṃ ayaṃ parisā paribhaveyya – ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto, nāsakkhi samaṇassa gotamassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṃ ārādhetu’nti. Yaṃ kho panāyaṃ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā. Aho vata maṃ samaṇo gotamo sake ācariyake tevijjake pañhaṃ puccheyya, addhā vatassāhaṃ cittaṃ ārādheyyaṃ pañhassa veyyākaraṇenā’’ti.
56婆罗门施设
Brāhmaṇapaññatti
309那时，世尊以自己的心，完全洞悉了种德婆罗门心中的思考，于是心想：'这位种德婆罗门正被自己的念头折磨着。我何不就他师传的三吠陀学问，向他提个问题呢？'于是世尊对种德婆罗门说：'婆罗门，具足几个条件，婆罗门们才会认定一个人是婆罗门，并且当他说'我是婆罗门'时，能说得合理，不会犯下妄语呢？'
Atha kho bhagavato soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya etadahosi – ‘‘vihaññati kho ayaṃ soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo sakena cittena. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ sake ācariyake tevijjake pañhaṃ puccheyya’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘katihi pana, brāhmaṇa, aṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti?
310那时，种德婆罗门心里想：'这正是我所期待的、所希求的、所心念的、所向往的啊，那就是：'唉，要是沙门乔达摩问我一个关于我们自己师传的三吠陀学问的问题就好了，那我一定能用对这个问题的回答，让他的心彻底满意！'现在，沙门乔达摩真的问起了我们自己师传的三吠陀学问。我一定可以用对这个问题的回答，让他的心彻底满意！'
Atha kho soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi – ‘‘yaṃ vata no ahosi icchitaṃ, yaṃ ākaṅkhitaṃ, yaṃ adhippetaṃ, yaṃ abhipatthitaṃ – ‘aho vata maṃ samaṇo gotamo sake ācariyake tevijjake pañhaṃ puccheyya, addhā vatassāhaṃ cittaṃ ārādheyyaṃ pañhassa veyyākaraṇenā’ti, tatra maṃ samaṇo gotamo sake ācariyake tevijjake pañhaṃ pucchati. Addhā vatassāhaṃ cittaṃ ārādhessāmi pañhassa veyyākaraṇenā’’ti.
311于是，种德婆罗门挺直身体，环顾了一遍在场的大众，然后对世尊说：'乔达摩先生，具足五个条件的，婆罗门们就认定他是婆罗门，并且当他说'我是婆罗门'时，能说得合理，不会犯下妄语。是哪五个呢？乔达摩先生，在此，一个婆罗门从母方和父方两方都是血统纯正的，往上追溯七代祖先，家世清白，在血统论上无可指责、无可非议；他是精通经典、持守圣典的，通晓三部吠陀，连同它们的词汇详解、礼仪规则、音韵分解，以及作为第五部的古代史传，他是熟知字句、懂得文法的，并且在世间学问和大人相上无不通晓；他容貌端正，令人见而欢喜，具有极为清净的肤色，具备梵天般的庄严仪态和威光，没有可挑剔之处；他具足戒行，并且是久已修习戒行的，具备了宿德所持的戒；他又很聪明，有智慧，是那些手持祭祀汤勺者中第一或第二把交椅。乔达摩先生，具足这五个条件的，婆罗门们就认定他是婆罗门，并且当他说'我是婆罗门'时，能说得合理，不会犯下妄语。'
Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abbhunnāmetvā kāyaṃ anuviloketvā parisaṃ bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘pañcahi, bho gotama, aṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyya. Katamehi pañcahi? Idha, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto hoti mātito ca pitito ca, saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena; ajjhāyako hoti mantadharo tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo; abhirūpo hoti dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato brahmavaṇṇī brahmavacchasī akhuddāvakāso dassanāya; sīlavā hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato; paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṃ paggaṇhantānaṃ. Imehi kho, bho gotama, pañcahi aṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti.
60'那么，婆罗门，在这五个条件里，能不能去掉一个条件，只要具足四个条件，婆罗门们就认定他是婆罗门，并且当他说'我是婆罗门'时，能说得合理，不会犯下妄语呢？' '可以的，乔达摩先生。乔达摩先生，在这五个条件中，我们可以把容貌去掉。容貌能起什么关键作用呢？乔达摩先生，只要一个婆罗门从母方和父方两方都是血统纯正的，向上追溯七代祖先，家世清白，在血统论上无可指责、无可非议；又是精通经典、持守圣典的，通晓三部吠陀，连同它们的词汇详解、礼仪规则、音韵分解，以及作为第五部的古代史传，熟知字句、懂得文法，并且在世间学问和大人相上无不通晓；又具足戒行，并且久已修习戒行的，具备了宿德所持的戒；又很聪明，有智慧，是那些手持祭祀汤勺者中第一或第二把交椅。乔达摩先生，具足这四个条件的，婆罗门们就认定他是婆罗门，并且当他说'我是婆罗门'时，能说得合理，不会犯下妄语。'
‘‘Imesaṃ pana, brāhmaṇa, pañcannaṃ aṅgānaṃ sakkā ekaṃ aṅgaṃ ṭhapayitvā catūhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapetuṃ; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti? ‘‘Sakkā , bho gotama. Imesañhi, bho gotama, pañcannaṃ aṅgānaṃ vaṇṇaṃ ṭhapayāma. Kiñhi vaṇṇo karissati? Yato kho, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto hoti mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena; ajjhāyako ca hoti mantadharo ca tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo; sīlavā ca hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato; paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṃ paggaṇhantānaṃ. Imehi kho bho gotama catūhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti.
312“那么，婆罗门，在这四项条件中，能否去掉其中一项，只要具备其余三项，婆罗门们就可以认定他为婆罗门，而他自称‘我是婆罗门’时，既说得正确，又不会犯下妄语呢？”“可以的，乔达摩尊者。乔达摩尊者，在这四项条件中，我们可以去掉咒语。咒语能起什么作用呢？乔达摩尊者，只要一位婆罗门从父母双方都是善生，血统纯净，上溯七代都没有被质疑、没有受到种姓方面的非难；他又有戒行，成就了成熟的戒行；而且他又有智慧，在那些手持祭勺的人中，是第一或第二聪明的人。乔达摩尊者，只要具备这三项条件，婆罗门们就认定他为婆罗门，而他自称‘我是婆罗门’时，既说得正确，又不会犯下妄语。”
‘‘Imesaṃ pana, brāhmaṇa, catunnaṃ aṅgānaṃ sakkā ekaṃ aṅgaṃ ṭhapayitvā tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapetuṃ; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti? ‘‘Sakkā, bho gotama. Imesañhi, bho gotama, catunnaṃ aṅgānaṃ mante ṭhapayāma. Kiñhi mantā karissanti? Yato kho, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto hoti mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena; sīlavā ca hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato; paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṃ paggaṇhantānaṃ. Imehi kho, bho gotama, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti.
62“那么，婆罗门，在这三项条件中，能否再去掉一项，只要具备两项，婆罗门们就可以认定他为婆罗门，而他自称‘我是婆罗门’时，既说得正确，又不会犯下妄语呢？”“可以的，乔达摩尊者。乔达摩尊者，在这三项条件中，我们可以去掉出身。出身能起什么作用呢？乔达摩尊者，只要一位婆罗门有戒行，成就了成熟的戒行；而且他又有智慧，在那些手持祭勺的人中，是第一或第二聪明的人。乔达摩尊者，只要具备这两项条件，婆罗门们就认定他为婆罗门，而他自称‘我是婆罗门’时，既说得正确，又不会犯下妄语。”
‘‘Imesaṃ pana, brāhmaṇa, tiṇṇaṃ aṅgānaṃ sakkā ekaṃ aṅgaṃ ṭhapayitvā dvīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapetuṃ; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti? ‘‘Sakkā, bho gotama. Imesañhi, bho gotama, tiṇṇaṃ aṅgānaṃ jātiṃ ṭhapayāma. Kiñhi jāti karissati? Yato kho, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo sīlavā hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato; paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṃ paggaṇhantānaṃ. Imehi kho, bho gotama, dvīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti.
313听了这话，那些婆罗门对种德婆罗门这样说：“种德大人不要这样说！种德大人不要这样说！种德大人这简直是在诋毁容貌，诋毁咒语，彻底诋毁出身。种德大人您这是一边倒地附和沙门乔达摩的论调啊！”
Evaṃ vutte, te brāhmaṇā soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘mā bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo evaṃ avaca, mā bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo evaṃ avaca. Apavadateva bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo vaṇṇaṃ, apavadati mante, apavadati jātiṃ ekaṃsena. Bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇasseva gotamassa vādaṃ anupakkhandatī’’ti.
314这时，世尊对那些婆罗门这样说：“如果你们这些婆罗门心里这样想：‘种德婆罗门孤陋寡闻，种德婆罗门口才不好，种德婆罗门智慧浅薄，而且种德婆罗门没有能力就这段话跟沙门乔达摩对谈。’那么，就让种德婆罗门停下，你们来跟我讨论这段话。但如果你们这些婆罗门心里这样想：‘种德婆罗门见闻广博，种德婆罗门口才出众，种德婆罗门富有智慧，而且种德婆罗门有能力就这段话跟沙门乔达摩对谈。’那么，你们就停下，让种德婆罗门来跟我讨论吧。”
Atha kho bhagavā te brāhmaṇe etadavoca – ‘‘sace kho tumhākaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘appassuto ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, akalyāṇavākkaraṇo ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, duppañño ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, na ca pahoti soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetu’nti, tiṭṭhatu soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, tumhe mayā saddhiṃ mantavho asmiṃ vacane. Sace pana tumhākaṃ brāhmaṇānaṃ evaṃ hoti – ‘bahussuto ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, kalyāṇavākkaraṇo ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, paṇḍito ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, pahoti ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo samaṇena gotamena saddhiṃ asmiṃ vacane paṭimantetu’nti, tiṭṭhatha tumhe, soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo mayā saddhiṃ paṭimantetū’’ti.
315听了这话，种德婆罗门对世尊这样说：“请乔达摩尊者且停一下，请乔达摩尊者保持沉默，让我自己来如法地回答他们吧。”然后，种德婆罗门对那群婆罗门这样说：“诸位大人不要这样说！诸位大人不要这样说：‘种德大人这简直是在诋毁容貌，诋毁咒语，彻底诋毁出身。种德大人您这是一边倒地附和沙门乔达摩的论调。’诸位，我没有诋毁容貌，也没有诋毁咒语，更没有诋毁出身。”
Evaṃ vutte, soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘tiṭṭhatu bhavaṃ gotamo, tuṇhī bhavaṃ gotamo hotu, ahameva tesaṃ sahadhammena paṭivacanaṃ karissāmī’’ti. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo te brāhmaṇe etadavoca – ‘‘mā bhavanto evaṃ avacuttha, mā bhavanto evaṃ avacuttha – ‘apavadateva bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo vaṇṇaṃ, apavadati mante, apavadati jātiṃ ekaṃsena. Bhavaṃ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇasseva gotamassa vādaṃ anupakkhandatī’ti. Nāhaṃ, bho, apavadāmi vaṇṇaṃ vā mante vā jātiṃ vā’’ti.
316那时候，种德婆罗门的外甥，一位名叫盎迦的青年，正坐在那个集会当中。于是，种德婆罗门对那些婆罗门这样说：“诸位大人，你们看到那位青年盎迦，我的外甥了吗？”“是的，尊者。”“诸位，青年盎迦长得英俊、好看、令人赏心悦目，拥有最上等的容貌与光彩，就像梵天一样的外貌、梵天一样的威仪，看上去气宇不凡。在这整个集会中，除了沙门乔达摩，没有人在容貌上能跟他相提并论。青年盎迦通晓咒语、善于持诵，精通三部吠陀，连同它们的词汇、仪轨、音韵和第五支的历史传说，熟稔字句和文法，在顺世论和大人相方面也毫不逊色。他是我教他咒语的。青年盎迦从父母双方都是善生，血统纯净，上溯七代都没有被质疑、没有受到种姓方面的非难。他的父母我都认识。但是，如果青年盎迦也杀生，偷盗，跟别人的妻子通奸，说谎，喝酒，那么到了这个地步，诸位，容貌又能起什么作用？咒语又能起什么作用？出身又能起什么作用？所以啊，诸位，只要一位婆罗门有戒行，成就了成熟的戒行，而且他又有智慧，在那些手持祭勺的人中，是第一或第二聪明的人。诸位，只要具备这两项条件，婆罗门们就认定他为婆罗门，而他自称‘我是婆罗门’时，既说得正确，又不会犯下妄语。”
Tena kho pana samayena soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa bhāgineyyo aṅgako nāma māṇavako tassaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo te brāhmaṇe etadavoca – ‘‘passanti no bhonto imaṃ aṅgakaṃ māṇavakaṃ amhākaṃ bhāgineyya’’nti? ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’. ‘‘Aṅgako kho, bho, māṇavako abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato brahmavaṇṇī brahmavacchasī akhuddāvakāso dassanāya, nāssa imissaṃ parisāyaṃ samasamo atthi vaṇṇena ṭhapetvā samaṇaṃ gotamaṃ. Aṅgako kho māṇavako ajjhāyako mantadharo, tiṇṇaṃ vedānaṃ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṃ sākkharappabhedānaṃ itihāsapañcamānaṃ padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo. Ahamassa mante vācetā. Aṅgako kho māṇavako ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca saṃsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena. Ahamassa mātāpitaro jānāmi. Aṅgako kho māṇavako pāṇampi haneyya, adinnampi ādiyeyya , paradārampi gaccheyya, musāvādampi bhaṇeyya, majjampi piveyya, ettha dāni, bho, kiṃ vaṇṇo karissati, kiṃ mantā, kiṃ jāti? Yato kho, bho, brāhmaṇo sīlavā ca hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato, paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṃ paggaṇhantānaṃ. Imehi kho, bho, dvīhaṅgehi samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti.
67戒慧论
Sīlapaññākathā
317“婆罗门，那么，在这两支中，能不能够把其中的一支放在一边，只凭剩下的一支，婆罗门们就可以认定某人是婆罗门；那么，当他说‘我是婆罗门’的时候，他这样说就是正确的，而不会犯下妄语呢？”“乔达摩先生，这是不行的。乔达摩先生，慧是被戒所洗净的；戒是被慧所洗净的。有戒的地方就有慧，有慧的地方就有戒。有戒的人就有慧，有慧的人就有戒。而且，戒与慧，在世上是被称为最高的。乔达摩先生，就好像用手洗手，或者用脚洗脚一样；同样地，乔达摩先生，慧是被戒所洗净的，戒是被慧所洗净的。有戒的地方就有慧，有慧的地方就有戒。有戒的人就有慧，有慧的人就有戒。而且，戒与慧，在世上是被称为最高的。”“正是如此，婆罗门，正是如此，婆罗门。慧的确是被戒所洗净的，戒是被慧所洗净的。有戒的地方就有慧，有慧的地方就有戒。有戒的人就有慧，有慧的人就有戒。而且，戒与慧，在世上是被称为最高的。婆罗门，就好像用手洗手，或者用脚洗脚一样；同样地，婆罗门，慧是被戒所洗净的，戒是被慧所洗净的。有戒的地方就有慧，有慧的地方就有戒。有戒的人就有慧，有慧的人就有戒。而且，戒与慧，在世上是被称为最高的。”
‘‘Imesaṃ pana, brāhmaṇa, dvinnaṃ aṅgānaṃ sakkā ekaṃ aṅgaṃ ṭhapayitvā ekena aṅgena samannāgataṃ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṃ paññapetuṃ; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṃ āpajjeyyā’’ti? ‘‘No hidaṃ, bho gotama. Sīlaparidhotā hi, bho gotama, paññā; paññāparidhotaṃ sīlaṃ. Yattha sīlaṃ tattha paññā, yattha paññā tattha sīlaṃ. Sīlavato paññā, paññavato sīlaṃ. Sīlapaññāṇañca pana lokasmiṃ aggamakkhāyati. Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, hatthena vā hatthaṃ dhoveyya, pādena vā pādaṃ dhoveyya; evameva kho, bho gotama, sīlaparidhotā paññā, paññāparidhotaṃ sīlaṃ. Yattha sīlaṃ tattha paññā, yattha paññā tattha sīlaṃ. Sīlavato paññā, paññavato sīlaṃ. Sīlapaññāṇañca pana lokasmiṃ aggamakkhāyatī’’ti. ‘‘Evametaṃ, brāhmaṇa, evametaṃ, brāhmaṇa, sīlaparidhotā hi, brāhmaṇa, paññā, paññāparidhotaṃ sīlaṃ. Yattha sīlaṃ tattha paññā, yattha paññā tattha sīlaṃ. Sīlavato paññā, paññavato sīlaṃ. Sīlapaññāṇañca pana lokasmiṃ aggamakkhāyati. Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, hatthena vā hatthaṃ dhoveyya, pādena vā pādaṃ dhoveyya; evameva kho, brāhmaṇa, sīlaparidhotā paññā, paññāparidhotaṃ sīlaṃ. Yattha sīlaṃ tattha paññā, yattha paññā tattha sīlaṃ. Sīlavato paññā, paññavato sīlaṃ. Sīlapaññāṇañca pana lokasmiṃ aggamakkhāyati .
318“那么，婆罗门，哪个是那‘戒’？哪个是那‘慧’呢？”“乔达摩先生，关于这个道理，我们知道的就只有这么多了。善哉，还请乔达摩尊者为这所说的道理开显其义。”“那么，婆罗门，你仔细听，好好地用心思惟，我要说了。”“是的，先生。”种德婆罗门回答世尊。世尊这样说道：“婆罗门，在这里，如来出现在世间，是阿拉汉、正等正觉者……（中间省略，广说可依照经文段落的详述展开）。婆罗门，这样，比丘就具足了戒。婆罗门，这就是那‘戒’……（中间省略，广说可依经展开）他进入并安住于初禅……进入并安住于第二禅……进入并安住于第三禅……进入并安住于第四禅……他把心引导、转向于智见，这便成了他的慧……他了知‘不再有未来的生命了’，这便成了他的慧。婆罗门，这个就是那‘慧’。”
‘‘Katamaṃ pana taṃ, brāhmaṇa, sīlaṃ? Katamā sā paññā’’ti? ‘‘Ettakaparamāva mayaṃ, bho gotama, etasmiṃ atthe. Sādhu vata bhavantaṃyeva gotamaṃ paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho’’ti. ‘‘Tena hi, brāhmaṇa, suṇohi; sādhukaṃ manasikarohi; bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bho’’ti kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘idha, brāhmaṇa, tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho…pe… (yathā 190-212 anucchedesu tathā vitthāretabbaṃ). Evaṃ kho, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhu sīlasampanno hoti. Idaṃ kho taṃ, brāhmaṇa, sīlaṃ…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati…pe… ñāṇadassanāya cittaṃ abhinīharati, abhininnāmeti. Idampissa hoti paññāya…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānāti, idampissa hoti paññāya ayaṃ kho sā, brāhmaṇa, paññā’’ti.
70索那丹达近事男性之表明
Soṇadaṇḍaupāsakattapaṭivedanā
319听了这话，种德婆罗门对世尊这样说：“太殊胜了，乔达摩先生！太殊胜了，乔达摩先生！乔达摩先生，就好像把倒了的东西扶正，把隐藏的东西揭开，给迷路的人指明道路，或者在黑暗中举起油灯，让‘有眼睛的人能够看见东西’一样；同样地，乔达摩尊者用了各种方法把法讲得清清楚楚。我，从今以后，尽形寿，归依乔达摩尊者、归依法、归依比丘僧团。乔达摩尊者，请您忆持我为近事男。乔达摩尊者，请您答应我和比丘僧团明天去我那里应供吃饭。”世尊以沉默的方式答应了。
Evaṃ vutte, soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ , bho gotama, abhikkantaṃ, bho gotama . Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya, ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṃ bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi, dhammañca, bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhavaṃ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gataṃ . Adhivāsetu ca me bhavaṃ gotamo svātanāya bhattaṃ saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghenā’’ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.
320那时，种德婆罗门知道世尊已经答应了，就从座位上站起来，向世尊行礼，右绕之后便离开了。接着，种德婆罗门在那天夜里过后，在自己的住处准备好了上等的嚼食和啖食，然后派人去向世尊报告时间：“乔达摩先生，时间到了，饭食已经备好了。”那时，世尊在午前时分，穿好下衣，拿了钵和衣，和比丘僧团一起，走向种德婆罗门的住处。到了之后，在已经铺设好的座位上坐下。那时，种德婆罗门以佛陀为首的比丘僧团，亲手用上等的嚼食和啖食招待，让他们吃饱喝足。
Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavato adhivāsanaṃ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo tassā rattiyā accayena sake nivesane paṇītaṃ khādanīyaṃ bhojanīyaṃ paṭiyādāpetvā bhagavato kālaṃ ārocāpesi – ‘‘kālo, bho gotama, niṭṭhitaṃ bhatta’’nti. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya saddhiṃ bhikkhusaṅghena yena soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa nivesanaṃ tenupasaṅkami ; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo buddhappamukhaṃ bhikkhusaṅghaṃ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi.
321那时，种德婆罗门看到世尊吃好了，手已经离开钵，就拿了一张矮凳子，坐在一边。坐在一边的种德婆罗门对世尊这样说：“乔达摩先生，如果我在大众当中的时候，从座位上站起来向乔达摩尊者行礼，那么，那些大众就会轻慢我。而那大众要是轻慢我，那人的名望就会衰减。名望要是衰减了，他的财富也会衰减。我们这财富可是靠名望得来的。乔达摩先生，如果我在大众当中的时候，双手合十，那就请您乔达摩尊者，把这就当作是我从座位上站起来行礼了。乔达摩先生，如果我在大众当中的时候，把头巾解下来，那就请您乔达摩尊者，把这就当作是我用头顶礼了。乔达摩先生，如果我是乘着车驾的，在车驾上下来向乔达摩尊者行礼，那么，那些大众就会轻慢我。而那大众要是轻慢我，那人的名望就会衰减。名望要是衰减了，他的财富也会衰减。我们这财富可是靠名望得来的。乔达摩先生，如果我是乘着车驾的，把刺棒举起来，那就请您乔达摩尊者，把这就当作是我从车驾上下来了。乔达摩先生，如果我是乘着车驾的，把伞盖压低，那就请您乔达摩尊者，把这就当作是我用头顶礼了。”
Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ bhuttāviṃ onītapattapāṇiṃ aññataraṃ nīcaṃ āsanaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, parisagato samāno āsanā vuṭṭhahitvā bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ abhivādeyyaṃ, tena maṃ sā parisā paribhaveyya. Yaṃ kho pana sā parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, parisagato samāno añjaliṃ paggaṇheyyaṃ, āsanā me taṃ bhavaṃ gotamo paccuṭṭhānaṃ dhāretu. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, parisagato samāno veṭhanaṃ omuñceyyaṃ, sirasā me taṃ bhavaṃ gotamo abhivādanaṃ dhāretu. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, yānagato samāno yānā paccorohitvā bhavantaṃ gotamaṃ abhivādeyyaṃ, tena maṃ sā parisā paribhaveyya. Yaṃ kho pana sā parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha, yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṃ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṃ bhogā. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, yānagato samāno patodalaṭṭhiṃ abbhunnāmeyyaṃ, yānā me taṃ bhavaṃ gotamo paccorohanaṃ dhāretu. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, yānagato samāno chattaṃ apanāmeyyaṃ, sirasā me taṃ bhavaṃ gotamo abhivādanaṃ dhāretū’’ti.
322那时，世尊用与法相关的开示，教导、鼓励、策励、令种德婆罗门欢喜之后，就从座位上站起来离开了。”
Atha kho bhagavā soṇadaṇḍaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṃsetvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmīti.
75索那丹达经完 第四
Soṇadaṇḍasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ catutthaṃ.