DN 11 · 坚固经
111. 给瓦德经
11. Kevaṭṭasuttaṃ
2给瓦德居士子事
Kevaṭṭagahapatiputtavatthu
481如是我闻：有一次，世尊住在那烂陀的波瓦利咖庵园里。那时，坚固居士之子来到世尊这里，到了之后，向世尊礼敬，然后坐在一边。坐在一边的坚固居士之子对世尊这样说：
“尊者，那烂陀这地方如此繁荣、富庶，人口众多，人群聚集，人们对世尊有着深厚的信心。尊者，世尊若能派遣一位比丘，让他去示现超越常人境界的神通神变，那就太好了；这样一来，那烂陀的人们对世尊的信心一定会更加增长了。”
听了这话，世尊对坚固居士之子说：“坚固，我可不是这样教导比丘们的：‘来吧，比丘们，你们去为那些在家白衣信众示现超越常人境界的神通神变吧。’”
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā nāḷandāyaṃ viharati pāvārikambavane. Atha kho kevaṭṭo gahapatiputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho kevaṭṭo gahapatiputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ayaṃ, bhante, nāḷandā iddhā ceva phītā ca bahujanā ākiṇṇamanussā bhagavati abhippasannā. Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ samādisatu, yo uttarimanussadhammā, iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ karissati; evāyaṃ nāḷandā bhiyyoso mattāya bhagavati abhippasīdissatī’’ti. Evaṃ vutte, bhagavā kevaṭṭaṃ gahapatiputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘na kho ahaṃ, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhūnaṃ evaṃ dhammaṃ desemi – etha tumhe, bhikkhave, gihīnaṃ odātavasanānaṃ uttarimanussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ karothā’’ti.
482第二次，坚固居士之子又对世尊说：“尊者，我并非有意冒犯世尊；但我还是要这样说：‘尊者，那烂陀这地方如此繁荣、富庶，人口众多，人群聚集，人们对世尊有着深厚的信心。尊者，世尊若能派遣一位比丘，让他去示现超越常人境界的神通神变，那就太好了；这样一来，那烂陀的人们对世尊的信心一定会更加增长了。’”
第二次，世尊还是对坚固居士之子这样说：“坚固，我可不是这样教导比丘们的：‘来吧，比丘们，你们去为那些在家白衣信众示现超越常人境界的神通神变吧。’”
Dutiyampi kho kevaṭṭo gahapatiputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘nāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ dhaṃsemi; api ca, evaṃ vadāmi – ‘ayaṃ, bhante, nāḷandā iddhā ceva phītā ca bahujanā ākiṇṇamanussā bhagavati abhippasannā. Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ samādisatu, yo uttarimanussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ karissati; evāyaṃ nāḷandā bhiyyoso mattāya bhagavati abhippasīdissatī’’’ti. Dutiyampi kho bhagavā kevaṭṭaṃ gahapatiputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘na kho ahaṃ, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhūnaṃ evaṃ dhammaṃ desemi – etha tumhe, bhikkhave, gihīnaṃ odātavasanānaṃ uttarimanussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ karothā’’’ti.
5第三次，坚固居士之子又对世尊说：“尊者，我并非有意冒犯世尊；但我还是要这样说：‘尊者，那烂陀这地方如此繁荣、富庶，人口众多，人群聚集，人们对世尊有着深厚的信心。尊者，世尊若能派遣一位比丘，让他去示现超越常人境界的神通神变，那就太好了；这样一来，那烂陀的人们对世尊的信心一定会更加增长了。’”
Tatiyampi kho kevaṭṭo gahapatiputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘nāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ dhaṃsemi; api ca, evaṃ vadāmi – ‘ayaṃ, bhante, nāḷandā iddhā ceva phītā ca bahujanā ākiṇṇamanussā bhagavati abhippasannā. Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ samādisatu, yo uttarimanussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ karissati. Evāyaṃ nāḷandā bhiyyoso mattāya bhagavati abhippasīdissatī’ti.
6神变示现
Iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ
7神变示现
Iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ
483世尊说：“坚固，有三种神变，是我自己亲证、彻底了知之后，才宣说出来的。哪三种呢？就是：神通神变、记说神变和教诫神变。”
‘‘Tīṇi kho imāni, kevaṭṭa, pāṭihāriyāni mayā sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā paveditāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ, ādesanāpāṭihāriyaṃ , anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ.
484“那么，坚固，什么是神通神变呢？坚固，在此法中，一位比丘能施展种种神通变化：他从一身变成多身，又从多身变成一身；他显现、消失，毫无阻碍地穿墙、越城、穿山而过，就像在虚空中行走一样；他在地上能像在水中那样浮出、潜入；他在水面上不会沉没，就像走在地上一样；他在虚空中盘腿而行，就像长着翅膀的飞鸟一样；他还能用手触摸、抚摩那如此有威力、如此有大神通的太阳和月亮；他甚至能以身自在掌控，直到梵天世界。”
‘‘Katamañca, kevaṭṭa, iddhipāṭihāriyaṃ? Idha, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti. Ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti; āvibhāvaṃ tirobhāvaṃ tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamāno gacchati seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ karoti seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne gacchati seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamati seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṃ mahiddhike evaṃ mahānubhāve pāṇinā parāmasati parimajjati; yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vatteti.
10“这时，有位具足信心、心生净信的人，看到那位比丘正展现着种种神通变化：他从一身变成多身，又从多身变成一身；他显现、消失；毫无阻碍地穿墙、越城、穿山而过，就像在虚空中行走一样；在地上像在水中那样浮出、潜入；在水面上不会沉没，就像走在地上一样；在虚空中盘腿而行，就像长着翅膀的飞鸟一样；还能用手触摸、抚摩那有如此大威力、有如此大神通的太阳和月亮；甚至能以身自在掌控，直到梵天世界。”
‘‘Tamenaṃ aññataro saddho pasanno passati taṃ bhikkhuṃ anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhontaṃ – ekopi hutvā bahudhā hontaṃ, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hontaṃ; āvibhāvaṃ tirobhāvaṃ; tirokuṭṭaṃ tiropākāraṃ tiropabbataṃ asajjamānaṃ gacchantaṃ seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṃ karontaṃ seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne gacchantaṃ seyyathāpi pathaviyaṃ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamantaṃ seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṃ mahiddhike evaṃ mahānubhāve pāṇinā parāmasantaṃ parimajjantaṃ yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattentaṃ.
11那位有信心、有净信的人，就去对一个没有信心、不净信的人说：“伙计，这真是稀有，真是不可思议啊！那位沙门的大神通、大威力！我亲眼见到那位比丘展现出各式各样的神通变化：他变成很多人，又从很多人变回一个人……乃至能以身体随心所欲地到达梵天世界。”
‘‘Tamenaṃ so saddho pasanno aññatarassa assaddhassa appasannassa āroceti – ‘acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho, samaṇassa mahiddhikatā mahānubhāvatā. Amāhaṃ bhikkhuṃ addasaṃ anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhontaṃ – ekopi hutvā bahudhā hontaṃ, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hontaṃ…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattenta’nti.
12“那位没有信心、不净信的人，对那个有信心、有净信的人这样说：‘伙计，世间有一种叫‘摩尼卡’的明咒。那位比丘就是靠着它，才能说出其他众生、其他人的心，说出他们的心所，说出他们的寻思，说出他们的伺察——“你的意是这样，你的意是那样，你的心是这样。”’”
‘‘Tamenaṃ so assaddho appasanno taṃ saddhaṃ pasannaṃ evaṃ vadeyya – ‘atthi kho, bho, gandhārī nāma vijjā. Tāya so bhikkhu anekavihitaṃ iddhividhaṃ paccanubhoti – ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti…pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṃ vattetī’ti.
13“坚固，你觉得怎样？那位原本不信、不净信的人，会这样去说那个原本有信、有净信的人吗？”“会的，尊者。”“坚固，我正是看到了这种在神通神变中的过患，才对神通神变感到忧恼、羞愧、厌恶。”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kevaṭṭa, api nu so assaddho appasanno taṃ saddhaṃ pasannaṃ evaṃ vadeyyā’’ti? ‘‘Vadeyya, bhante’’ti. ‘‘Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, kevaṭṭa, iddhipāṭihāriye ādīnavaṃ sampassamāno iddhipāṭihāriyena aṭṭīyāmi harāyāmi jigucchāmi’’.
14记说示现
Ādesanāpāṭihāriyaṃ
15记说示现
Ādesanāpāṭihāriyaṃ
485“坚固，什么是‘记说神变’呢？坚固，在此，有一位比丘，他能说出其他众生、其他人的心，能说出他们的心所，能说出他们的寻思，能说出他们的伺察：‘你的意是这样，你的意是那样，你的心是这样。’”
‘‘Katamañca, kevaṭṭa, ādesanāpāṭihāriyaṃ? Idha, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cittampi ādisati, cetasikampi ādisati, vitakkitampi ādisati, vicāritampi ādisati – ‘evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te citta’nti.
17「某位有信心、具净信者见到此比丘记说其他众生、其他人的心，记说其心所法，记说其所寻，记说其所伺：『你的意是如此，你的意是那样，你的心如是。』彼有信心、具净信者告知另一位无信心、无净信者：『奇哉，尊者！希有哉，尊者！沙门具大神力、大威力。我亲眼见到那位比丘记说其他众生、其他人的心，记说其心所法，记说其所寻，记说其所伺：「你的意是如此，你的意是那样，你的心如是。」』」
‘‘Tamenaṃ aññataro saddho pasanno passati taṃ bhikkhuṃ parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cittampi ādisantaṃ, cetasikampi ādisantaṃ, vitakkitampi ādisantaṃ, vicāritampi ādisantaṃ – ‘evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te citta’nti. Tamenaṃ so saddho pasanno aññatarassa assaddhassa appasannassa āroceti – ‘acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho, samaṇassa mahiddhikatā mahānubhāvatā. Amāhaṃ bhikkhuṃ addasaṃ parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cittampi ādisantaṃ, cetasikampi ādisantaṃ, vitakkitampi ādisantaṃ, vicāritampi ādisantaṃ – ‘‘evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te citta’’’nti.
18「无信心、无净信者可能对有信心、具净信者如此说：『尊者，有一种名为摩尼咖的明咒；凭此明咒，那位比丘能记说其他众生、其他人的心与心所法，以及所寻、所伺：「你的意是如此，你的意是那样，你的心如是。」』」
‘‘Tamenaṃ so assaddho appasanno taṃ saddhaṃ pasannaṃ evaṃ vadeyya – ‘atthi kho, bho, maṇikā nāma vijjā; tāya so bhikkhu parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ cittampi ādisati, cetasikampi ādisati, vitakkitampi ādisati, vicāritampi ādisati – ‘evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te citta’’’nti.
19「给瓦德，你如何思惟呢？那无信心、无净信者是否可能对有信心、具净信者如此说？」「可能如此说，尊者。」「给瓦德，正是观见记说神变中有此过患，我对于记说神变感到忧恼、羞愧、厌恶。」
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, kevaṭṭa, api nu so assaddho appasanno taṃ saddhaṃ pasannaṃ evaṃ vadeyyā’’ti ? ‘‘Vadeyya, bhante’’ti. ‘‘Imaṃ kho ahaṃ, kevaṭṭa, ādesanāpāṭihāriye ādīnavaṃ sampassamāno ādesanāpāṭihāriyena aṭṭīyāmi harāyāmi jigucchāmi’’.
20教诫示现
Anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ
486“那么，坚固，什么是教诫神变呢？坚固，在此，有比丘这样教导：‘应当如此寻思，勿如此寻思；应当如此作意，勿如此作意；应断除此，应成就此而安住。’坚固，这就叫做教诫神变。”
‘‘Katamañca, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ? Idha, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu evamanusāsati – ‘evaṃ vitakketha, mā evaṃ vitakkayittha, evaṃ manasikarotha, mā evaṃ manasākattha, idaṃ pajahatha, idaṃ upasampajja viharathā’ti. Idaṃ vuccati, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ.
22“再者，坚固，在此，如来出现于世间，是阿拉汉、正自觉者……（中略）（如同本母第190-212段那样展开宣说）。坚固，就这样，比丘成为具足戒者……（中略）……成就并安住于初禅。坚固，这也叫做教诫神变。……（中略）……第二禅……（中略）……第三禅……（中略）……成就并安住于第四禅。坚固，这也叫做教诫神变。……（中略）……他将心引导并转向于智见……（中略）……坚固，这也叫做教诫神变。……（中略）……他了知：‘不再有此后世的状态了’……（中略）……坚固，这也叫做教诫神变。”
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, kevaṭṭa, idha tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho …pe… (yathā 190-212 anucchedesu evaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ). Evaṃ kho, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu sīlasampanno hoti…pe… paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idampi vuccati, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ…pe… dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ…pe… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idampi vuccati, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ…pe… ñāṇadassanāya cittaṃ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti…pe… idampi vuccati, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ…pe… nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānāti…pe… idampi vuccati, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṃ.
23“坚固，这些就是我亲自证知、证得并宣说的三种神变。”
‘‘Imāni kho, kevaṭṭa, tīṇi pāṭihāriyāni mayā sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā paveditāni’’.
24四大止灭求知比丘事
Bhūtanirodhesakabhikkhuvatthu
487“坚固，在过去，就在这个比丘僧团中，有一位比丘，心里生起了这样的念头：‘这四大种——地界、水界、火界、风界，在何处毫无残余地灭尽呢？’”
‘‘Bhūtapubbaṃ, kevaṭṭa, imasmiññeva bhikkhusaṅghe aññatarassa bhikkhuno evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi – ‘kattha nu kho ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti?
488“于是，坚固，那位比丘进入了那样的定境，当他的心如此入定之后，一条通往梵界的道路便显现了。接着，坚固，那位比丘就去拜访梵众天的天众。到了之后，他对梵众天的天众说：‘朋友们，这地、水、火、风四大种，到底在什么地方彻底灭尽呢？’听了这话，坚固，梵众天的天众就对那位比丘说：‘比丘啊，我们也不知道这地、水、火、风四大种在什么地方彻底灭尽。不过，比丘，有一位梵天、大梵天，他是征服者、不可征服者、洞见一切者、自在运用者、主宰者、创造者、化现者、最高者、安排者、掌控者，他是已成及未成众生的父亲，比我们更殊胜、更崇高。他应该知道这地、水、火、风四大种在什么地方彻底灭尽。’”
‘‘Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu tathārūpaṃ samādhiṃ samāpajji, yathāsamāhite citte devayāniyo maggo pāturahosi. Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena cātumahārājikā devā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā cātumahārājike deve etadavoca – ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti?
27“听了这话，坚固，那些四大王天的天众就对那位比丘说：‘比丘啊，我们也不知道这地、水、火、风四大种在什么地方彻底灭尽。不过，比丘，有四位四大天王，比我们更殊胜、更崇高。他们应该知道这地、水、火、风四大种在什么地方彻底灭尽。’”
‘‘Evaṃ vutte, kevaṭṭa, cātumahārājikā devā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘mayampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti . Atthi kho , bhikkhu, cattāro mahārājāno amhehi abhikkantatarā ca paṇītatarā ca. Te kho etaṃ jāneyyuṃ, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.
489“于是，坚固，那位比丘就去拜访四大天王。到了之后，他对四大天王说：‘朋友们，这地、水、火、风四大种，到底在什么地方彻底灭尽呢？’听了这话，坚固，四大天王就对那位比丘说：‘比丘啊，我们也不知道这地、水、火、风四大种在什么地方彻底灭尽。不过，比丘，有一群叫三十三天的天众，比我们更殊胜、更崇高。他们应该知道这地、水、火、风四大种在什么地方彻底灭尽。’”
‘‘Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena cattāro mahārājāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā cattāro mahārāje etadavoca – ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti? Evaṃ vutte, kevaṭṭa, cattāro mahārājāno taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘mayampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu, āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, tāvatiṃsā nāma devā amhehi abhikkantatarā ca paṇītatarā ca. Te kho etaṃ jāneyyuṃ, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.
490“于是，坚固，那位比丘就去拜访三十三天的天众。到了之后，他对三十三天的天众说：‘朋友们，这地、水、火、风四大种，到底在什么地方彻底灭尽呢？’听了这话，坚固，三十三天的天众就对那位比丘说：‘比丘啊，我们也不知道这地、水、火、风四大种在什么地方彻底灭尽。不过，比丘，有一位叫帝释天的天主，比我们更殊胜、更崇高。他应该知道这地、水、火、风四大种在什么地方彻底灭尽。’”
‘‘Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena tāvatiṃsā devā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā tāvatiṃse deve etadavoca – ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti? Evaṃ vutte, kevaṭṭa, tāvatiṃsā devā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘mayampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, sakko nāma devānamindo amhehi abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. So kho etaṃ jāneyya, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.
491“于是，坚固，那位比丘就去拜访帝释天。到了之后，他对帝释天说：‘朋友，这地、水、火、风四大种，到底在什么地方彻底灭尽呢？’听了这话，坚固，帝释天就对那位比丘说：‘比丘啊，我也不知道这地、水、火、风四大种在什么地方彻底灭尽。不过，比丘，有一群叫夜摩天的天众……有一位叫苏夜摩的天子……有一群叫兜率天的天众……有一位叫珊都西达的天子……有一群叫化乐天的天众……有一位叫苏宁密达的天子……有一群叫他化自在天的天众……有一位叫瓦舍卫城的天子，比我们更殊胜、更崇高。他应该知道这地、水、火、风四大种在什么地方彻底灭尽。’”
‘‘Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena sakko devānamindo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavoca – ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti? Evaṃ vutte, kevaṭṭa, sakko devānamindo taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘ahampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāmi, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, yāmā nāma devā…pe… suyāmo nāma devaputto… tusitā nāma devā… santussito nāma devaputto… nimmānaratī nāma devā … sunimmito nāma devaputto… paranimmitavasavattī nāma devā… vasavattī nāma devaputto amhehi abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. So kho etaṃ jāneyya, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.
492“于是，坚固，那位比丘就去拜访瓦舍卫城天子。到了之后，他对瓦舍卫城天子说：‘朋友，这地、水、火、风四大种，到底在什么地方彻底灭尽呢？’听了这话，坚固，瓦舍卫城天子就对那位比丘说：‘比丘啊，我也不知道这地、水、火、风四大种在什么地方彻底灭尽。不过，比丘，有一群叫梵众天的天众，比我们更殊胜、更崇高。他们应该知道这地、水、火、风四大种在什么地方彻底灭尽。’”
‘‘Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena vasavattī devaputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā vasavattiṃ devaputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti? Evaṃ vutte , kevaṭṭa, vasavattī devaputto taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘ahampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāmi yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, brahmakāyikā nāma devā amhehi abhikkantatarā ca paṇītatarā ca. Te kho etaṃ jāneyyuṃ, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti.
493「于是，给瓦德，那位比丘入于如此之定，心得定后，通往梵天之道显现。于是，给瓦德，那位比丘前往梵众天诸天处；前往后，对梵众天诸天如此说：『贤友们，此四大种——即地界、水界、火界、风界——究竟于何处无余而灭尽呢？』如是说已，给瓦德，梵众天诸天对那位比丘如此说：『比丘，我们亦不知此四大种——即地界、水界、火界、风界——于何处无余而灭尽。比丘，然而有梵天、大梵天、胜者、不败者、遍见者、自在者、主宰者、造作者、化作者、最胜者、生者、支配者、已生与应生者之父，比我们更为胜、更为妙。他应知此四大种——即地界、水界、火界、风界——于何处无余而灭尽。』」
‘‘Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu tathārūpaṃ samādhiṃ samāpajji, yathāsamāhite citte brahmayāniyo maggo pāturahosi. Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena brahmakāyikā devā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā brahmakāyike deve etadavoca – ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti? Evaṃ vutte, kevaṭṭa, brahmakāyikā devā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘mayampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyānaṃ amhehi abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. So kho etaṃ jāneyya, yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’’ti.
33“那么，朋友，那位大梵天现在在哪儿呢？”梵众天的那些天人回答说：“比丘，我们也不清楚大梵天在什么地方，或者他是怎么存在的。不过，比丘，你看，有征兆出现了：光明生起，光芒显现，大梵天要现身了。光明生起，光芒显现，这正是大梵天要出现的前兆。”果然，坚固，没过多久，那位大梵天就现身了。
‘‘‘Kahaṃ panāvuso, etarahi so mahābrahmā’ti? ‘Mayampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma, yattha vā brahmā yena vā brahmā yahiṃ vā brahmā; api ca, bhikkhu, yathā nimittā dissanti, āloko sañjāyati, obhāso pātubhavati, brahmā pātubhavissati, brahmuno hetaṃ pubbanimittaṃ pātubhāvāya, yadidaṃ āloko sañjāyati, obhāso pātubhavatī’ti. Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, mahābrahmā nacirasseva pāturahosi .
494于是，坚固，那位比丘就走到那位大梵天跟前，对他说：“朋友，这四大种——地界、水界、火界、风界——是在何处没有任何剩余地灭尽的呢？” 听了这话，坚固，那位大梵天却这样回答那位比丘：“比丘，我就是梵天，是大梵天，是征服者、不被征服者，是洞察一切者，是自在者，是主宰者，是创造者，是化现者，是最殊胜者，是任命者，是能者，是已生与当生众生的父亲。”
‘‘Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena so mahābrahmā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṃ mahābrahmānaṃ etadavoca – ‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’’ti? Evaṃ vutte, kevaṭṭa, so mahābrahmā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘ahamasmi, bhikkhu, brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyāna’nti.
35坚固，那位比丘第二次对那位大梵天说：“朋友，我不是这样问你：‘你是不是梵天，是大梵天，是征服者、不被征服者……（中略）……是已生与当生众生的父亲？’ 朋友，我是这样问你的：‘朋友，这四大种——地界、水界、火界、风界——是在何处没有任何剩余地灭尽的呢？’”
‘‘Dutiyampi kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu taṃ mahābrahmānaṃ etadavoca – ‘na khohaṃ taṃ, āvuso, evaṃ pucchāmi – ‘‘tvamasi brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyāna’’nti. Evañca kho ahaṃ taṃ, āvuso, pucchāmi – ‘‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’’’ti?
36坚固，那位大梵天第二次还是这样回答那位比丘：“比丘，我就是梵天，是大梵天，是征服者、不被征服者……（中略）……是已生与当生众生的父亲。” 坚固，那位比丘第三次对那位大梵天说：“朋友，我不是这样问你：‘你是不是梵天，是大梵天，是征服者、不被征服者……（中略）……是已生与当生众生的父亲？’ 朋友，我是这样问你的：‘朋友，这四大种——地界、水界、火界、风界——是在何处没有任何剩余地灭尽的呢？’”
‘‘Dutiyampi kho so, kevaṭṭa, mahābrahmā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘ahamasmi, bhikkhu, brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyāna’nti. Tatiyampi kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu taṃ mahābrahmānaṃ etadavoca – ‘na khohaṃ taṃ, āvuso, evaṃ pucchāmi – ‘‘tvamasi brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyāna’’nti. Evañca kho ahaṃ taṃ, āvuso, pucchāmi – ‘‘kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’’’ti?
495这时，坚固，那位大梵天抓着那位比丘的手臂，把他拉到一边，对他说：“比丘，这些梵众天的天神们是这样认为我的：‘大梵天没有什么是不知道的，没有什么是没见过的，没有什么是没了解过的，没有什么是没亲身体证过的。’ 所以，我才不当着他们的面回答你。比丘，我也不知道这四大种——地界、水界、火界、风界——是在哪里没有任何剩余地灭尽的。因此，比丘，你真是做错了，你真是犯了过失，竟然绕开那位世尊，跑到外面去寻求这个问题的答案。去吧，比丘，你回到那位世尊跟前，去问这个问题。世尊怎么为你解答，你就怎么把它记在心里。”
‘‘Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, mahābrahmā taṃ bhikkhuṃ bāhāyaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ apanetvā taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavoca – ‘ime kho maṃ, bhikkhu, brahmakāyikā devā evaṃ jānanti, ‘‘natthi kiñci brahmuno aññātaṃ, natthi kiñci brahmuno adiṭṭhaṃ, natthi kiñci brahmuno aviditaṃ, natthi kiñci brahmuno asacchikata’’nti. Tasmāhaṃ tesaṃ sammukhā na byākāsiṃ. Ahampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāmi yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Tasmātiha, bhikkhu, tuyhevetaṃ dukkaṭaṃ, tuyhevetaṃ aparaddhaṃ, yaṃ tvaṃ taṃ bhagavantaṃ atidhāvitvā bahiddhā pariyeṭṭhiṃ āpajjasi imassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇāya. Gaccha tvaṃ, bhikkhu, tameva bhagavantaṃ upasaṅkamitvā imaṃ pañhaṃ puccha, yathā ca te bhagavā byākaroti, tathā naṃ dhāreyyāsī’ti.
496于是，坚固，那位比丘就像一位强壮的男子弯曲一下伸展的手臂，或者伸展一下弯曲的手臂那样迅速，从天界的梵天界消失，在我面前现身了。他向我行礼后，坐在一边。坐定之后，坚固，那位比丘就问我：“大德，这四大种——地界、水界、火界、风界——是在何处没有任何剩余地灭尽的呢？”
‘‘Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva brahmaloke antarahito mama purato pāturahosi. Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu maṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi, ekamantaṃ nisinno kho, kevaṭṭa, so bhikkhu maṃ etadavoca – ‘kattha nu kho, bhante, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti?
39见岸鸟喻
Tīradassisakuṇupamā
40见岸鸟喻
Tīradassisakuṇupamā
497“听我这么问，坚固啊，我就对比丘说：‘比丘，很久以前，那些出海做生意的商人，会带上一只能看见陆地的鸟，然后驾船驶入大海。当船航行到看不见陆地的时候，他们就会把那只鸟放出去。那鸟儿便向东飞去，向南飞去，向西飞去，向北飞去，向上飞去，飞向四方的夹角。如果它飞了一圈，在四周任何方向看见了陆地，就这么一去不回了。但如果它在四周都看不见陆地，它就会重新飞回这条船上来。比丘，跟这完全一样，你一路探寻，从人间一直找到梵天界，都没能为这个问题找到答案，最终还是回到了我的面前。比丘，这个问题，实在不应该这样问：‘大德，这四大——地界、水界、火界、风界，究竟在何处毫无剩余地彻底灭尽呢？’”
‘‘Evaṃ vutte, ahaṃ, kevaṭṭa, taṃ bhikkhuṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘bhūtapubbaṃ, bhikkhu, sāmuddikā vāṇijā tīradassiṃ sakuṇaṃ gahetvā nāvāya samuddaṃ ajjhogāhanti. Te atīradakkhiniyā nāvāya tīradassiṃ sakuṇaṃ muñcanti. So gacchateva puratthimaṃ disaṃ, gacchati dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ, gacchati pacchimaṃ disaṃ, gacchati uttaraṃ disaṃ, gacchati uddhaṃ disaṃ, gacchati anudisaṃ. Sace so samantā tīraṃ passati, tathāgatakova hoti. Sace pana so samantā tīraṃ na passati, tameva nāvaṃ paccāgacchati. Evameva kho tvaṃ, bhikkhu, yato yāva brahmalokā pariyesamāno imassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇaṃ nājjhagā, atha mamaññeva santike paccāgato. Na kho eso, bhikkhu, pañho evaṃ pucchitabbo – ‘kattha nu kho, bhante, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṃ – pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū’ti?
498“比丘，这个问题，应该这样问：”
‘‘Evañca kho eso, bhikkhu, pañho pucchitabbo –
43「『何处水与地，火与风不得立足；』
‘Kattha āpo ca pathavī, tejo vāyo na gādhati;
44于何处，长与短、微细与粗大、净与不净；
Kattha dīghañca rassañca, aṇuṃ thūlaṃ subhāsubhaṃ;
45「『何处名与色，无余而灭尽？』」
Kattha nāmañca rūpañca, asesaṃ uparujjhatī’ti.
499“答案是这样的：”
‘‘Tatra veyyākaraṇaṃ bhavati –
47「『识无所显，无边，遍光；』
‘Viññāṇaṃ anidassanaṃ, anantaṃ sabbatopabhaṃ;
48「『于此水与地，火与风不得立足。』
Ettha āpo ca pathavī, tejo vāyo na gādhati.
49于此处，长与短、微细与粗大、净与不净；
Ettha dīghañca rassañca, aṇuṃ thūlaṃ subhāsubhaṃ;
50「『于此名与色，无余而灭尽；』
Ettha nāmañca rūpañca, asesaṃ uparujjhati;
51「『以识之灭，于此即灭尽。』」
Viññāṇassa nirodhena, etthetaṃ uparujjhatī’ti.
500世尊这样说了。坚固居士子对世尊所说的感到心满意足，欢喜信受。”
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano kevaṭṭo gahapatiputto bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
53给瓦德经完 第十一
Kevaṭṭasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ ekādasamaṃ.