MN 37 · 小渴爱灭尽经
390如是我闻：有一次，世尊住在舍卫城的东园鹿母讲堂。那时，三十三天的天主帝释天来到世尊那里。到了之后，他向世尊顶礼，然后站在一旁。站在一旁的帝释天这样问世尊：“大德，一位比丘怎么样才算是简要地以渴爱灭尽而解脱，达到究竟的终点、究竟的安稳、究竟的梵行、究竟的圆满，成为天界和人中最上的解脱者呢？”
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde. Atha kho sakko devānamindo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho sakko devānamindo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, bhikkhu saṃkhittena taṇhāsaṅkhayavimutto hoti accantaniṭṭho accantayogakkhemī accantabrahmacārī accantapariyosāno seṭṭho devamanussāna’’nti?
2“帝释天，是这样的，一位比丘听闻了‘一切法都不值得去执著’。他听闻了，帝释天，一位比丘确实这样听闻：‘一切法都不值得去执著’。他遍知一切法；遍知一切法之后，他彻底了知一切法；彻底了知一切法之后，无论他感受到什么感受——乐的、苦的、或不苦不乐的，他在那些感受上持续地随观着无常而住，持续地随观着消退而住，持续地随观着灭去而住，持续地随观着放下而住。他在那些感受上持续地随观着无常、消退、灭去、放下而住时，对于世间的任何事物都不执取。不执取，他就不会恐慌；不恐慌，他就自己证入般涅槃。他了知：‘生已尽，梵行已立，所应作的已作，不再有这样（轮回）的状态了。’帝释天，就是到这种程度，一位比丘算得上是简要地以渴爱灭尽而解脱，达到了究竟的终点、究竟的安稳、究竟的梵行、究竟的圆满，成为天界和人中最上的解脱者。”
‘‘Idha, devānaminda, bhikkhuno sutaṃ hoti – ‘sabbe dhammā nālaṃ abhinivesāyā’ti. Evañcetaṃ, devānaminda, bhikkhuno sutaṃ hoti – ‘sabbe dhammā nālaṃ abhinivesāyā’ti. So sabbaṃ dhammaṃ abhijānāti; sabbaṃ dhammaṃ abhiññāya sabbaṃ dhammaṃ parijānāti; sabbaṃ dhammaṃ pariññāya yaṃ kiñci vedanaṃ vedeti – sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā, so tāsu vedanāsu aniccānupassī viharati, virāgānupassī viharati, nirodhānupassī viharati, paṭinissaggānupassī viharati. So tāsu vedanāsu aniccānupassī viharanto, virāgānupassī viharanto, nirodhānupassī viharanto, paṭinissaggānupassī viharanto na kiñci loke upādiyati. Anupādiyaṃ na paritassati, aparitassaṃ paccattaññeva parinibbāyati – ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti. Ettāvatā kho, devānaminda, bhikkhu saṃkhittena taṇhāsaṅkhayavimutto hoti accantaniṭṭho accantayogakkhemī accantabrahmacārī accantapariyosāno seṭṭho devamanussāna’’nti.
3那时，帝释天对世尊的教导感到欢喜、随喜赞叹，向世尊顶礼，右绕之后，就在那里消失了。
Atha kho sakko devānamindo bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṃ katvā tatthevantaradhāyi.
391那时候，大目犍连尊者正坐在离世尊不远的地方。大目犍连尊者心里生起一个念头：“那个天神到底有深刻领会并随喜世尊的教导，还是没有？让我去了解一下那个天神，看他到底是领会随喜了世尊的教导，还是并非如此？”于是，大目犍连尊者就像一位强壮的人弯曲伸展手臂那样快，从东园鹿母讲堂消失，出现在三十三天界中。那时，帝释天正在一座纯白色的天宫里，配齐了五百件天上的乐器，尽情享受着。帝释天远远看到大目犍连尊者走过来。看见之后，他撤下那些五百件天上的乐器，走到大目犍连尊者那里，对他说：“来吧，尊敬的目犍连！欢迎您，尊敬的目犍连！尊敬的目犍连，您真是很久没展现这样的方便来到这里了。请坐，尊敬的目犍连，这里已铺好座位了。”大目犍连尊者在铺好的座位上坐下。帝释天也拿了一张矮一些的座位，在一旁坐下。大目犍连尊者对坐在一旁的帝释天说：“枸悉迦，世尊是怎么简要地开示渴爱灭尽解脱的？如果能让我们也听到这番话，那很好。”
Tena kho pana samayena āyasmā mahāmoggallāno bhagavato avidūre nisinno hoti. Atha kho āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa etadahosi – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho so yakkho bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhisamecca anumodi udāhu no; yaṃnūnāhaṃ taṃ yakkhaṃ jāneyyaṃ – yadi vā so yakkho bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhisamecca anumodi yadi vā no’’ti? Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya, evameva – pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde antarahito devesu tāvatiṃsesu pāturahosi. Tena kho pana samayena sakko devānamindo ekapuṇḍarīke uyyāne dibbehi pañcahi tūriyasatehi samappito samaṅgībhūto paricāreti. Addasā kho sakko devānamindo āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ. Disvāna tāni dibbāni pañca tūriyasatāni paṭippaṇāmetvā yenāyasmā mahāmoggallāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘ehi kho, mārisa moggallāna, svāgataṃ, mārisa moggallāna! Cirassaṃ kho, mārisa moggallāna, imaṃ pariyāyaṃ akāsi yadidaṃ idhāgamanāya. Nisīda, mārisa moggallāna, idamāsanaṃ paññatta’’nti. Nisīdi kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno paññatte āsane. Sakkopi kho devānamindo aññataraṃ nīcaṃ āsanaṃ gahetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinnaṃ kho sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ āyasmā mahāmoggallāno etadavoca – ‘‘yathā kathaṃ pana kho, kosiya, bhagavā saṃkhittena taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttiṃ abhāsi? Sādhu mayampi etissā kathāya bhāgino assāma savanāyā’’ti.
392“尊敬的目犍连，我们事务繁多，要做的很多，既有自己要处理的事，更有三十三天众们的事务。而且，尊敬的目犍连，即使是听得很好、紧记于心、善加作意、善加受持的法，也很快就会从我们这里隐没。尊敬的目犍连，从前发生过一场天神与阿修罗的大战。在那场战争中，尊敬的目犍连，天神赢了，阿修罗败了。我打赢了那场仗，成为战争的胜利者归来之后，兴建了一座叫做韦迦亚塔的宫殿。尊敬的目犍连，那韦迦亚塔宫殿有一百座尖塔。每一座尖塔里有七七四百九十座高楼。每一座高楼里有七位天女。每一位天女有七位侍从。尊敬的目犍连，您想看看韦迦亚塔宫殿的优美景致吗？”大目犍连尊者默然同意了。
‘‘Mayaṃ kho, mārisa moggallāna, bahukiccā bahukaraṇīyā – appeva sakena karaṇīyena, api ca devānaṃyeva tāvatiṃsānaṃ karaṇīyena. Api ca, mārisa moggallāna, sussutaṃyeva hoti suggahitaṃ sumanasikataṃ sūpadhāritaṃ, yaṃ no khippameva antaradhāyati. Bhūtapubbaṃ, mārisa moggallāna, devāsurasaṅgāmo samupabyūḷho ahosi. Tasmiṃ kho pana, mārisa moggallāna, saṅgāme devā jiniṃsu, asurā parājiniṃsu. So kho ahaṃ, mārisa moggallāna, taṃ saṅgāmaṃ abhivijinitvā vijitasaṅgāmo tato paṭinivattitvā vejayantaṃ nāma pāsādaṃ māpesiṃ. Vejayantassa kho, mārisa moggallāna, pāsādassa ekasataṃ niyyūhaṃ. Ekekasmiṃ niyyūhe satta satta kūṭāgārasatāni. Ekamekasmiṃ kūṭāgāre satta satta accharāyo . Ekamekissā accharāya satta satta paricārikāyo. Iccheyyāsi no tvaṃ , mārisa moggallāna, vejayantassa pāsādassa rāmaṇeyyakaṃ daṭṭhu’’nti? Adhivāsesi kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno tuṇhībhāvena.
393于是，帝释天和四大王天的毗沙门大王（多闻天王），以大目犍连尊者为前导，前往韦迦亚塔宫殿。帝释天的那些侍从天女们，远远地看到大目犍连尊者走过来。看见之后，她们感到惭愧、羞耻，一个个躲进了各自的房间。就像媳妇见到公公会感到惭愧羞耻一样，帝释天的那些侍从天女们，看到大目犍连尊者，也感到惭愧、羞耻，一个个躲进了各自的房间。然后，帝释天和毗沙门大王（多闻天王）引导大目犍连尊者在韦迦亚塔宫殿里漫步、参观，说道：“尊敬的目犍连，您看，韦迦亚塔宫殿这一部分的美景；尊敬的目犍连，您看，韦迦亚塔宫殿这一部分的美景。”大目犍连尊者说：“这位枸悉迦尊者的住处确实辉煌，这和他过去所造的福业相符。过去人们见到任何美景，都会这样说：‘这真是美丽啊，简直像三十三天界的一样！’这位枸悉迦尊者的住处确实辉煌，这和他过去所造的福业相符。”那时，大目犍连尊者心里想：“这个天神实在是非常放逸地住于享乐。让我来警醒一下这个天神。”于是，大目犍连尊者施展了那样的神通境界，用他的脚趾头让韦迦亚塔宫殿震动、剧烈震动、上下颤抖。那时，帝释天、毗沙门大王（多闻天王）以及三十三天的天众们，都心生惊奇、觉得不可思议，想：“真是稀有啊，真是不可思议啊，这位沙门的大神通、大威力，竟然能用脚趾头让天宫震动、剧烈震动、上下颤抖！”那时，大目犍连尊者已经知道帝释天被惊惧到汗毛直竖，便对帝释天说：“枸悉迦，世尊是怎么简要地开示渴爱灭尽解脱的？如果能够让我们也听到这番话，那很好。”
Atha kho sakko ca devānamindo vessavaṇo ca mahārājā āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ purakkhatvā yena vejayanto pāsādo tenupasaṅkamiṃsu. Addasaṃsu kho sakkassa devānamindassa paricārikāyo āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ; disvā ottappamānā hirīyamānā sakaṃ sakaṃ ovarakaṃ pavisiṃsu. Seyyathāpi nāma suṇisā sasuraṃ disvā ottappati hirīyati, evameva sakkassa devānamindassa paricārikāyo āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ disvā ottappamānā hirīyamānā sakaṃ sakaṃ ovarakaṃ pavisiṃsu. Atha kho sakko ca devānamindo vessavaṇo ca mahārājā āyasmantaṃ mahāmoggallānaṃ vejayante pāsāde anucaṅkamāpenti anuvicarāpenti – ‘‘idampi, mārisa moggallāna, passa vejayantassa pāsādassa rāmaṇeyyakaṃ; idampi, mārisa moggallāna, passa vejayantassa pāsādassa rāmaṇeyyaka’’nti. ‘‘Sobhati idaṃ āyasmato kosiyassa, yathā taṃ pubbe katapuññassa. Manussāpi kiñcideva rāmaṇeyyakaṃ disvā evamāhaṃsu – ‘sobhati vata bho yathā devānaṃ tāvatiṃsāna’nti. Tayidaṃ āyasmato kosiyassa sobhati, yathā taṃ pubbe katapuññassā’’ti. Atha kho āyasmato mahāmoggallānassa etadahosi – ‘‘atibāḷhaṃ kho ayaṃ yakkho pamatto viharati. Yaṃnūnāhaṃ imaṃ yakkhaṃ saṃvejeyya’’nti. Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno tathārūpaṃ iddhābhisaṅkhāraṃ abhisaṅkhāsi yathā vejayantaṃ pāsādaṃ pādaṅguṭṭhakena saṅkampesi sampakampesi sampavedhesi . Atha kho sakko ca devānamindo, vessavaṇo ca mahārājā, devā ca tāvatiṃsā acchariyabbhutacittajātā ahesuṃ – ‘‘acchariyaṃ vata, bho, abbhutaṃ vata, bho, samaṇassa mahiddhikatā mahānubhāvatā, yatra hi nāma dibbabhavanaṃ pādaṅguṭṭhakena saṅkampessati sampakampessati sampavedhessatī’’ti! Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ saṃviggaṃ lomahaṭṭhajātaṃ viditvā sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘yathā kathaṃ pana kho, kosiya, bhagavā saṃkhittena taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttiṃ abhāsi? Sādhu mayampi etissā kathāya bhāgino assāma savanāyā’’ti.
394“尊敬的目犍连，我那时就去拜访了世尊。到了之后，向世尊礼敬，然后站在一边。尊敬的目犍连，我站定之后，就这样问世尊：‘大德，一位比丘究竟要怎样，才能简要地说，是渴爱灭尽而解脱、达到究竟、达到究竟的安稳、达到究竟的梵行、达到究竟的终点、成为天神与人中最上的那位呢？’”
‘‘Idhāhaṃ , mārisa moggallāna, yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃ; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsiṃ. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho ahaṃ, mārisa moggallāna, bhagavantaṃ etadavocaṃ – ‘kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, bhikkhu saṃkhittena taṇhāsaṅkhayavimutto hoti accantaniṭṭho accantayogakkhemī accantabrahmacārī accantapariyosāno seṭṭho devamanussāna’’’nti?
8“尊敬的目犍连，我这样说了之后，世尊这样回答我：‘天王，是这样的，一位比丘听闻了“一切法都不值得执著”这个道理。天王，比丘就是这样听闻了“一切法都不值得执著”。然后，他遍知一切法；遍知一切法之后，他完全了知一切法；完全了知一切法之后，不论是感受到乐受、苦受，还是不苦不乐受，他都安住在对感受随观无常，安住在随观离贪，安住在随观灭去，安住在随观舍遣。当他这样持续地观照，对世间任何事物都不再执取。不执取，就不会慌乱恐惧；毫不慌乱恐惧，就自己彻底地般涅槃了。他清楚地知道：“生已灭尽，梵行已立，该做的都已完成，不再有来生。”天王，就是到这个地步，一位比丘可以简要地说，是渴爱灭尽而解脱、达到究竟、达到究竟的安稳、达到究竟的梵行、达到究竟的终点、成为天神与人中最上的那位。’尊敬的目犍连，世尊就是这样为我简要开示了渴爱灭尽的解脱的。”
‘‘Evaṃ vutte, mārisa moggallāna, bhagavā maṃ etadavoca – ‘idha, devānaminda, bhikkhuno sutaṃ hoti – sabbe dhammā nālaṃ abhinivesāyā’ti. Evaṃ cetaṃ devānaminda bhikkhuno sutaṃ hoti ‘sabbe dhammā nālaṃ abhinivesāyā’ti. So sabbaṃ dhammaṃ abhijānāti, sabbaṃ dhammaṃ abhiññāya sabbaṃ dhammaṃ parijānāti, sabbaṃ dhammaṃ pariññāya yaṃ kiñci vedanaṃ vedeti sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā. So tāsu vedanāsu aniccānupassī viharati, virāgānupassī viharati, nirodhānupassī viharati, paṭinissaggānupassī viharati. So tāsu vedanāsu aniccānupassī viharanto, virāgānupassī viharanto, nirodhānupassī viharanto, paṭinissaggānupassī viharanto na kiñci loke upādiyati, anupādiyaṃ na paritassati, aparitassaṃ paccattaññeva parinibbāyati – ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti. Ettāvatā kho, devānaminda, bhikkhu saṃkhittena taṇhāsaṅkhayavimutto hoti accantaniṭṭho accantayogakkhemī accantabrahmacārī accantapariyosāno seṭṭho devamanussānanti. Evaṃ kho me, mārisa moggallāna, bhagavā saṃkhittena taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttiṃ abhāsī’’ti.
9那时，目犍连尊者对帝释天所说的话感到欢喜、赞同。接着，他就像一位大力士把弯曲的手臂伸直，或是把伸直的手臂弯曲那样快，瞬间就从三十三天消失了，出现在东园鹿母讲堂。目犍连尊者离开后不久，帝释天的侍女们问帝释天：“主人，那位就是您的导师世尊吗？” 帝释天回答：“不，那位不是我的导师世尊。那是我的梵行同伴，尊敬的目犍连尊者。” 侍女们感叹道：“主人，您真是有福气，能拥有这样神通广大、威德显赫的梵行同伴！啊，那您的导师世尊，不知该有多么殊胜啊！”
Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno sakkassa devānamindassa bhāsitaṃ abhinanditvā anumoditvā – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṃ vā bāhaṃ pasāreyya, pasāritaṃ vā bāhaṃ samiñjeyya evameva – devesu tāvatiṃsesu antarahito pubbārāme migāramātupāsāde pāturahosi. Atha kho sakkassa devānamindassa paricārikāyo acirapakkante āyasmante mahāmoggallāne sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavocuṃ – ‘‘eso nu te, mārisa, so bhagavā satthā’’ti? ‘‘Na kho me, mārisa, so bhagavā satthā. Sabrahmacārī me eso āyasmā mahāmoggallāno’’ti. ‘‘Lābhā te, mārisa, (suladdhaṃ te, mārisa) yassa te sabrahmacārī evaṃmahiddhiko evaṃmahānubhāvo! Aho nūna te so bhagavā satthā’’ti.
395后来，目犍连尊者就去拜访世尊。到了之后，向世尊礼敬，然后坐在一边。坐定之后，目犍连尊者问世尊：“大德，世尊您是否还记得，您曾经为某位有名望、有大威力的亚卡，简要开示过渴爱灭尽的解脱呢？” 世尊回答：“目犍连，我记得。那时，帝释天来拜访我，向我礼敬后站在一边。站定之后，帝释天就这样问我：‘大德，一位比丘究竟要怎样，才能简要地说，是渴爱灭尽而解脱、达到究竟、达到究竟的安稳、达到究竟的梵行、达到究竟的终点、成为天神与人中最上的那位呢？’”
Atha kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā mahāmoggallāno bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhijānāti no, bhante, bhagavā ahu ñātaññatarassa mahesakkhassa yakkhassa saṃkhittena taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttiṃ bhāsitā’’ti ? ‘‘Abhijānāmahaṃ, moggallāna, idha sakko devānamindo yenāhaṃ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā maṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṃ ṭhito kho, moggallāna, sakko devānamindo maṃ etadavoca – ‘kittāvatā nu kho, bhante , bhikkhu saṃkhittena taṇhāsaṅkhayavimutto hoti accantaniṭṭho accantayogakkhemī accantabrahmacārī accantapariyosāno seṭṭho devamanussāna’’nti.
11“目犍连，他这样问了之后，我就这样回答帝释天：‘天王，是这样的，一位比丘听闻了“一切法都不值得执著”这个道理。天王，比丘就是这样听闻了“一切法都不值得执著”。然后，他遍知一切法；遍知一切法之后，他完全了知一切法；完全了知一切法之后，不论是感受到乐受、苦受，还是不苦不乐受，他都安住在对感受随观无常，安住在随观离贪，安住在随观灭去，安住在随观舍遣。当他这样持续地观照，对世间任何事物都不再执取。不执取，就不会慌乱恐惧；毫不慌乱恐惧，就自己彻底地般涅槃了。他清楚地知道：“生已灭尽，梵行已立，该做的都已完成，不再有来生。”天王，就是到这个地步，一位比丘可以简要地说，是渴爱灭尽而解脱、达到究竟、达到究竟的安稳、达到究竟的梵行、达到究竟的终点、成为天神与人中最上的那位。’目犍连，我就是这样记得，曾为帝释天简要开示过渴爱灭尽的解脱的。”
Evaṃ vutte ahaṃ, moggallāna, sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavocaṃ ‘‘idha devānaminda bhikkhuno sutaṃ hoti ‘sabbe dhammā nālaṃ abhinivesāyā’ti. Evaṃ cetaṃ devānaminda bhikkhuno sutaṃ hoti ‘sabbe dhammā nālaṃ abhinivesāyā’ti. So sabbaṃ dhammaṃ abhijānāti, sabbaṃ dhammaṃ abhiññāya sabbaṃ dhammaṃ parijānāti , sabbaṃ dhammaṃ pariññāya yaṃ kiñci vedanaṃ vedeti sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā. So tāsu vedanāsu aniccānupassī viharati, virāgānupassī viharati, nirodhānupassī viharati, paṭinissaggānupassī viharati. So tāsu vedanāsu aniccānupassī viharanto, virāgānupassī viharanto, nirodhānupassī viharanto, paṭinissaggānupassī viharanto na kiñci loke upādiyati, anupādiyaṃ na paritassati, aparitassaṃ paccattaññeva parinibbāyati – ‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ , kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’ti pajānāti. Ettāvatā kho, devānaminda, bhikkhu saṃkhittena taṇhāsaṅkhayavimutto hoti accantaniṭṭho accantayogakkhemī accantabrahmacārī accantapariyosāno seṭṭho devamanussānanti. Evaṃ kho ahaṃ, moggallāna, abhijānāmi sakkassa devānamindassa saṃkhittena taṇhāsaṅkhayavimuttiṃ bhāsitā’’ti.
12这是世尊所说的。目犍连尊者内心欢喜，赞同世尊的开示。
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano āyasmā mahāmoggallāno bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandīti.
13小渴爱灭尽经完 第七
Cūḷataṇhāsaṅkhayasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ sattamaṃ.