MN 139 · 无争论分别经
323如是我闻:一时,世尊住在舍卫城祇树给孤独园。那时,世尊对比丘们说:“诸比丘!”那些比丘回答:“尊者!”世尊这样说:“诸比丘,我当为你们讲说无诤分别。你们仔细听,善加用心思维,我这就说。”“好的,尊者。”那些比丘应答世尊。世尊便这样说道:
Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi ‘‘bhikkhavo’’ti. ‘‘Bhadante’’ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca – ‘‘araṇavibhaṅgaṃ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi. Taṃ suṇātha, sādhukaṃ manasi karotha; bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca –
2“不应沉溺于感官欲乐——那是低劣、粗俗、凡夫、非圣、不导向真舍利益的;也不应沉溺于自我折磨——那是苦、非圣、不导向真舍利益的。诸比丘,不落入这两个极端,如来已经彻底觉悟了那能令眼生起、令智生起,导向寂静、证智、觉悟、涅槃的中道。你们还应当知道什么是赞扬,什么是贬抑;了知赞扬与贬抑之后,既不赞扬,也不贬抑,只应教导法。你们还应当知道乐的抉择;了知乐的抉择之后,便应于内在从事于乐。不要在背后说闲话,也不要在面前说尖刻的话。说话应当不疾不徐,勿令匆忙。不应执着于地方语言,不应逾越世俗约定的名称。”这便是无诤分别的总纲。
‘‘Na kāmasukhamanuyuñjeyya hīnaṃ gammaṃ pothujjanikaṃ anariyaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, na ca attakilamathānuyogamanuyuñjeyya dukkhaṃ anariyaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ. Ete kho, bhikkhave , ubho ante anupagamma majjhimā paṭipadā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā, cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Ussādanañca jaññā, apasādanañca jaññā; ussādanañca ñatvā apasādanañca ñatvā nevussādeyya, na apasādeyya , dhammameva deseyya. Sukhavinicchayaṃ jaññā; sukhavinicchayaṃ ñatvā ajjhattaṃ sukhamanuyuñjeyya. Rahovādaṃ na bhāseyya, sammukhā na khīṇaṃ bhaṇe. Ataramānova bhāseyya, no taramāno. Janapadaniruttiṃ nābhiniveseyya, samaññaṃ nātidhāveyyāti – ayamuddeso araṇavibhaṅgassa.
324“不应沉溺于感官欲乐——那是低劣、粗俗、凡夫、非圣、与真舍利益无关的;也不应沉溺于自我折磨——那是苦、非圣、与真舍利益无关的。”这是所说的话,这番话是因何而说呢?凡是那种与感官欲望相连而生起的喜、悦的投入,是低劣、粗俗、凡夫、非圣、与真舍利益无关的,这种法伴随着苦、障碍、热恼、焦灼,是邪道。对这伴随着感官欲望而生起的喜、悦的投入不沉溺——那低劣、粗俗、凡夫、非圣、与真舍利益无关的做法——这种法便无苦、无障碍、无热恼、无焦灼,是正道。凡是那种自我折磨的投入——那苦、非圣、与真舍利益无关的做法——这种法伴随着苦、障碍、热恼、焦灼,是邪道。对这自我折磨的投入不沉溺——那苦、非圣、与真舍利益无关的做法——这种法便无苦、无障碍、无热恼、无焦灼,是正道。“不应沉溺于感官欲乐——那是低劣、粗俗、凡夫、非圣、与真舍利益无关的;也不应沉溺于自我折磨——那是苦、非圣、与真舍利益无关的。”
‘‘‘Na kāmasukhamanuyuñjeyya hīnaṃ gammaṃ pothujjanikaṃ anariyaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, na ca attakilamathānuyogamanuyuñjeyya dukkhaṃ anariyaṃ anatthasaṃhita’nti – iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ; kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Yo kāmapaṭisandhisukhino somanassānuyogo hīno gammo pothujjaniko anariyo anatthasaṃhito, sadukkho eso dhammo saupaghāto saupāyāso sapariḷāho; micchāpaṭipadā. Yo kāmapaṭisandhisukhino somanassānuyogaṃ ananuyogo hīnaṃ gammaṃ pothujjanikaṃ anariyaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, adukkho eso dhammo anupaghāto anupāyāso apariḷāho; sammāpaṭipadā. Yo attakilamathānuyogo dukkho anariyo anatthasaṃhito, sadukkho eso dhammo saupaghāto saupāyāso sapariḷāho; micchāpaṭipadā. Yo attakilamathānuyogaṃ ananuyogo dukkhaṃ anariyaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, adukkho eso dhammo anupaghāto anupāyāso apariḷāho; sammāpaṭipadā. ‘Na kāmasukhamanuyuñjeyya hīnaṃ gammaṃ pothujjanikaṃ anariyaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, na ca attakilamathānuyogaṃ anuyuñjeyya dukkhaṃ anariyaṃ anatthasaṃhita’nti – iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
325‘不落入这两个极端,而行于中道,这便是如来所彻悟的道路,它能令眼生起、令智生起,导向寂静、证智、觉悟、涅槃。’——这便是所说的话。这句话是依何因缘而说呢?正是这圣八支道,即:正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定。‘不落入这两个极端,而行于中道,这便是如来所彻悟的道路,它能令眼生起、令智生起,导向寂静、证智、觉悟、涅槃。’——那番话,正是因此因缘而说。
‘‘‘Ete kho ubho ante anupagamma majjhimā paṭipadā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā, cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattatī’ti – iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ. Kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ – sammādiṭṭhi , sammāsaṅkappo, sammāvācā, sammākammanto, sammāājīvo, sammāvāyāmo, sammāsati, sammāsamādhi. ‘Ete kho ubho ante anupagamma majjhimā paṭipadā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā, cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattatī’ti – iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
326‘应知何为赞扬,何为贬抑;了知赞扬与贬抑之后,既不赞扬,亦不贬抑,只应教导法。’——这便是所说的话。这是因何因缘而说的呢?诸比丘,怎样是有赞扬、有贬抑,却不是教导法呢?在此,有些人这样说:‘凡是沉溺于伴随感官欲乐而有的喜乐与悦乐之投入——那是低劣、粗俗、凡夫、非圣、与真舍利益无关的——他们全都有苦、有患、有愁、有热恼,行于邪道。’当这样说时,他便是在贬抑某些人。
‘‘‘Ussādanañca jaññā, apasādanañca jaññā; ussādanañca ñatvā apasādanañca ñatvā nevussādeyya, na apasādeyya, dhammameva deseyyā’ti – iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ. Kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Kathañca, bhikkhave, ussādanā ca hoti apasādanā ca, no ca dhammadesanā? ‘Ye kāmapaṭisandhisukhino somanassānuyogaṃ anuyuttā hīnaṃ gammaṃ pothujjanikaṃ anariyaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, sabbe te sadukkhā saupaghātā saupāyāsā sapariḷāhā micchāpaṭipannā’ti – iti vadaṃ ittheke apasādeti.
6他并不是这样说的:“凡是未曾沉迷于那种与感官欲望相连而生起的喜、悦之投入的人——那是低劣、粗俗、凡夫、非圣、与真舍利益无关的——他们全都无苦、无伤害、无愁恼、无热恼,行于正道。”而是这样说的:“单单这‘不沉迷’本身,就是无苦的法、无伤害的法、无愁恼的法、无热恼的法;就是正道。”如此说时,便是只说法。
‘‘‘Ye kāmapaṭisandhisukhino somanassānuyogaṃ ananuyuttā hīnaṃ gammaṃ pothujjanikaṃ anariyaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, sabbe te adukkhā anupaghātā anupāyāsā apariḷāhā sammāpaṭipannā’ti – na evamāha. ‘Ananuyogo ca kho, adukkho eso dhammo anupaghāto anupāyāso apariḷāho; sammāpaṭipadā’ti – iti vadaṃ dhammameva deseti.
7“那些从事自我折磨之行——这是苦的、非圣的、无益的——他们全都是有苦、有伤害、有恼迫、有烦热,行于邪道。”这样说话,便贬低了一类人。
‘‘‘Ye attakilamathānuyogaṃ anuyuttā dukkhaṃ anariyaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, sabbe te sadukkhā saupaghātā saupāyāsā sapariḷāhā micchāpaṭipannā’ti – iti vadaṃ ittheke apasādeti.
8“那些已断除自我折磨之行——这是苦的、非圣的、无益的——他们全都没有苦、没有伤害、没有恼迫、没有烦热,行于正道。”这样说话,便赞扬了一类人。
‘‘‘Ye attakilamathānuyogaṃ ananuyuttā dukkhaṃ anariyaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, sabbe te adukkhā anupaghātā anupāyāsā apariḷāhā sammāpaṭipannā’ti – iti vadaṃ ittheke ussādeti.
9“那些尚未断除后有结的人,他们全都是有苦、有伤害、有恼迫、有烦热,行于邪道。”这样说话,便贬低了一类人。
‘‘‘Yesaṃ kesañci bhavasaṃyojanaṃ appahīnaṃ, sabbe te sadukkhā saupaghātā saupāyāsā sapariḷāhā micchāpaṭipannā’ti – iti vadaṃ ittheke apasādeti.
10“那些已断除后有结的人,全都是无苦、无害、无恼迫、无烦热、行于正道者。”如此说的人,便称扬了其中的某一类人。诸比丘,这样,便有称扬、有贬抑,而并非说法。
‘‘‘Yesaṃ kesañci bhavasaṃyojanaṃ pahīnaṃ, sabbe te adukkhā anupaghātā anupāyāsā apariḷāhā sammāpaṭipannā’ti – iti vadaṃ ittheke ussādeti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, ussādanā ca hoti apasādanā ca, no ca dhammadesanā.
327那么,诸比丘,怎样是既不称扬也不贬抑,而纯然说法呢?他并不这样说:“那些耽着于依欲贪而生的喜乐、随逐喜乐之修习的人——这是下劣、粗俗、凡夫、非圣、无益的——全都是有苦、有害、有恼迫、有烦热、行于邪道。”而是这样说:“这种随逐本身,便是有苦的法、有害的法、有恼迫的法、有烦热的法,是邪道。”如此说,即是纯然的说法。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, nevussādanā hoti na apasādanā, dhammadesanā ca ? ‘Ye kāmapaṭisandhisukhino somanassānuyogaṃ anuyuttā hīnaṃ gammaṃ pothujjanikaṃ anariyaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, sabbe te sadukkhā saupaghātā saupāyāsā sapariḷāhā micchāpaṭipannā’ti – na evamāha. ‘Anuyogo ca kho, sadukkho eso dhammo saupaghāto saupāyāso sapariḷāho; micchāpaṭipadā’ti – iti vadaṃ dhammameva deseti.
12“那些不耽着于依欲贪而生的喜乐、不随逐于喜乐之修习——这种下劣、粗俗、凡夫、非圣、无益的修习——的人,全都是无苦、无害、无恼迫、无烦热、行于正道者。”如此说的人,便称扬了其中的某一类人。
‘‘‘Ye kāmapaṭisandhisukhino somanassānuyogaṃ ananuyuttā hīnaṃ gammaṃ pothujjanikaṃ anariyaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, sabbe te adukkhā anupaghātā anupāyāsā apariḷāhā sammāpaṭipannā’ti – iti vadaṃ ittheke ussādeti.
13不应说:‘那些从事自我折磨之行——那是苦的、非圣的、无利益的——他们全都陷于苦、有恼害、有焦忧、有热恼,行于邪道。’ 而应说:‘这种从事本身,便是有苦、有恼害、有焦忧、有热恼的法,是邪道。’ 如此宣说,即是在说法。
‘‘‘Ye attakilamathānuyogaṃ anuyuttā dukkhaṃ anariyaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, sabbe te sadukkhā saupaghātā saupāyāsā sapariḷāhā micchāpaṭipannā’ti – na evamāha. ‘Anuyogo ca kho , sadukkho eso dhammo saupaghāto saupāyāso sapariḷāho; micchāpaṭipadā’ti – iti vadaṃ dhammameva deseti.
14不应说:‘那些离断了自我折磨之行——苦的、非圣的、无利益的——他们全都无苦、无恼害、无焦忧、无热恼,行于正道。’ 而应说:‘这种离断本身,便是无苦、无恼害、无焦忧、无热恼的法,是正道。’ 如此宣说,即是在说法。
‘‘‘Ye attakilamathānuyogaṃ ananuyuttā dukkhaṃ anariyaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, sabbe te adukkhā anupaghātā anupāyāsā apariḷāhā sammāpaṭipannā’ti – na evamāha. ‘Ananuyogo ca kho, adukkho eso dhammo anupaghāto anupāyāso apariḷāho; sammāpaṭipadā’ti – iti vadaṃ dhammameva deseti.
15不应说:‘那些未断除有结的人,全都陷于苦、有恼害、有焦忧、有热恼,行于邪道。’ 而应说:‘有结未断,则“有”亦未断。’ 如此宣说,即是在说法。
‘‘‘Yesaṃ kesañci bhavasaṃyojanaṃ appahīnaṃ, sabbe te sadukkhā saupaghātā saupāyāsā sapariḷāhā micchāpaṭipannā’ti – na evamāha . ‘Bhavasaṃyojane ca kho appahīne bhavopi appahīno hotī’ti – iti vadaṃ dhammameva deseti.
16不应如是说:“任何已断除有结使的人,他们所有人都无苦、无恼害、无焦忧、无热恼,行于正道。”而应如是说:“有结使断除时,有亦被断除。”如是言说,则唯是说法。诸比丘,如是,则既无褒扬,亦无贬抑,唯是说法之教导。“应了知褒扬,亦应了知贬抑;了知褒扬与贬抑之后,既不褒扬,亦不贬抑,唯应说法。”之前所言,即是依此义理而说。
‘‘‘Yesaṃ kesañci bhavasaṃyojanaṃ pahīnaṃ, sabbe te adukkhā anupaghātā anupāyāsā apariḷāhā sammāpaṭipannā’ti – na evamāha. ‘Bhavasaṃyojane ca kho pahīne bhavopi pahīno hotī’ti – iti vadaṃ dhammameva deseti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, nevussādanā hoti na apasādanā, dhammadesanā ca. ‘Ussādanañca jaññā, apasādanañca jaññā; ussādanañca ñatvā apasādanañca ñatvā nevussādeyya, na apasādeyya, dhammameva deseyyā’ti – iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
328“应了知如何辨别乐;了知辨别乐之后,应于内在致力于乐。”这句话如此说。那是基于什么道理而说的呢?比丘们,有这五种欲的功能。哪五种呢?眼所能识知的、令人想要、喜爱、悦意、可爱、与欲相关、能激发贪染的色;耳所能识知的声……鼻所能识知的香……舌所能识知的味……身所能识知的、令人想要、喜爱、悦意、可爱、与欲相关、能激发贪染的触。比丘们,这就是五种欲的功能。比丘们,依赖这五种欲的功能而生起的快乐与喜悦,这就称为欲乐、污秽之乐、凡夫之乐、非圣之乐。我说:‘这种乐不应亲近,不应修习,不应多作;对于这种乐,应当感到畏惧。’再者,比丘们,在此,有比丘远离欲,远离不善法,进入并安住于有寻有伺,由远离所生的喜与乐的第一禅。由于寻与伺的止息,内心平静,心得专一,进入并安住于无寻无伺,由定所生的喜与乐的第二禅。由于对喜的离贪,他安住于舍,具念、正知,以身感受乐,进入并安住于圣者们所宣说的‘他是舍、具念、乐住者’的第三禅。由于舍弃了乐,也舍弃了苦,先前喜与忧的灭没,进入并安住于不苦不乐,舍、念、清净的第四禅。这就称为出离乐、远离乐、寂止乐、正觉乐。我说:‘这种乐应当亲近,应当修习,应当多作;对于这种乐,不应感到畏惧。’‘应了知如何辨别乐;了知辨别乐之后,应于内在致力于乐。’之前所说的话,正是基于这个道理而说的。
‘‘‘Sukhavinicchayaṃ jaññā; sukhavinicchayaṃ ñatvā ajjhattaṃ sukhamanuyuñjeyyā’ti – iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ. Kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Pañcime, bhikkhave, kāmaguṇā. Katame pañca? Cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā, sotaviññeyyā saddā… ghānaviññeyyā gandhā… jivhāviññeyyā rasā… kāyaviññeyyā phoṭṭhabbā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā – ime kho, bhikkhave, pañca kāmaguṇā. Yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, ime pañca kāmaguṇe paṭicca uppajjati sukhaṃ somanassaṃ idaṃ vuccati kāmasukhaṃ mīḷhasukhaṃ puthujjanasukhaṃ anariyasukhaṃ. ‘Na āsevitabbaṃ, na bhāvetabbaṃ, na bahulīkātabbaṃ, bhāyitabbaṃ etassa sukhassā’ti – vadāmi. Idha , bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati…pe… tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ… catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ vuccati nekkhammasukhaṃ pavivekasukhaṃ upasamasukhaṃ sambodhisukhaṃ. ‘Āsevitabbaṃ, bhāvetabbaṃ, bahulīkātabbaṃ, na bhāyitabbaṃ etassa sukhassā’ti – vadāmi . ‘Sukhavinicchayaṃ jaññā ; sukhavinicchayaṃ ñatvā ajjhattaṃ sukhamanuyuñjeyyā’ti – iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
329‘不应说背后之语,面对他人时不应说粗恶之语。’这句话是这么说的。那是基于什么而说的呢?比丘们,在此,若知道某一背后之语是不真实、不符合事实、没有利益且会伤害对方的,便不应说那样的背后之语。若知道某一背后之语是真实、符合事实但没有利益的,对于此语也应当学习不说。而若知道某一背后之语是真实、符合事实且有利益的,在说那样背后之语时,应懂得适当的时机。比丘们,在此,若知道某一当面的粗恶语是不真实、不符合事实、没有利益且会伤害对方的,便不应说那样的当面的粗恶语。若知道某一当面的粗恶语是真实、符合事实但没有利益的,对于此语也应当学习不说。而若知道某一当面的粗恶语是真实、符合事实且有利益的,在说那样当面的粗恶语时,应懂得适当的时机。‘不应说背后之语,面对他人时不应说粗恶之语。’先前所说,正是基于这个道理。
‘‘‘Rahovādaṃ na bhāseyya, sammukhā na khīṇaṃ bhaṇe’ti – iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ. Kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tatra, bhikkhave, yaṃ jaññā rahovādaṃ abhūtaṃ atacchaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ sasakkaṃ taṃ rahovādaṃ na bhāseyya. Yampi jaññā rahovādaṃ bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ tassapi sikkheyya avacanāya. Yañca kho jaññā rahovādaṃ bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ atthasaṃhitaṃ tatra kālaññū assa tassa rahovādassa vacanāya. Tatra, bhikkhave, yaṃ jaññā sammukhā khīṇavādaṃ abhūtaṃ atacchaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ sasakkaṃ taṃ sammukhā khīṇavādaṃ na bhāseyya. Yampi jaññā sammukhā khīṇavādaṃ bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ tassapi sikkheyya avacanāya. Yañca kho jaññā sammukhā khīṇavādaṃ bhūtaṃ tacchaṃ atthasaṃhitaṃ tatra kālaññū assa tassa sammukhā khīṇavādassa vacanāya. ‘Rahovādaṃ na bhāseyya, sammukhā na khīṇaṃ bhaṇe’ti – iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
330“应当从容说话,不可匆忙”——这是针对什么而说的呢?诸比丘,若说话匆忙,身体会疲劳,心会受损害,声音会沙哑,喉咙会不适,所说的话也不清晰、难以了解。诸比丘,若说话从容,身体不会疲劳,心不会受损害,声音不会沙哑,喉咙不会不适,所说的话也清晰、容易了解。因此说“应当从容说话,不可匆忙”,正是为此而说的。
‘‘‘Ataramānova bhāseyya no taramāno’ti – iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ. Kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Tatra, bhikkhave, taramānassa bhāsato kāyopi kilamati, cittampi upahaññati , saropi upahaññati , kaṇṭhopi āturīyati, avisaṭṭhampi hoti aviññeyyaṃ taramānassa bhāsitaṃ. Tatra, bhikkhave, ataramānassa bhāsato kāyopi na kilamati, cittampi na upahaññati, saropi na upahaññati, kaṇṭhopi na āturīyati, visaṭṭhampi hoti viññeyyaṃ ataramānassa bhāsitaṃ. ‘Ataramānova bhāseyya, no taramāno’ti – iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
331“不应执著地方语言,不应逾越一般名称”——这是针对什么而说的呢?诸比丘,怎样算是执著地方语言、逾越一般名称呢?诸比丘,在此,同一事物,在某些地方被称为“pātī”,在某些地方被称为“patta”,在某些地方被称为“vitta”,在某些地方被称为“sarāva”,在某些地方被称为“dhāropa”,在某些地方被称为“poṇa”,在某些地方被称为“pisīlava”。无论各个地方如何称呼它,他却硬是执取、固执地坚称:“只有这个才是正确的,其余都不对。”诸比丘,这便是执著地方语言、逾越一般名称了。
‘‘‘Janapadaniruttiṃ nābhiniveseyya, samaññaṃ nātidhāveyyā’ti – iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ. Kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ? Kathañca, bhikkhave, janapadaniruttiyā ca abhiniveso hoti samaññāya ca atisāro? Idha, bhikkhave, tadevekaccesu janapadesu ‘pātī’ti sañjānanti, ‘patta’nti sañjānanti , ‘vitta’nti sañjānanti, ‘sarāva’nti sañjānanti ‘dhāropa’nti sañjānanti, ‘poṇa’nti sañjānanti, ‘pisīlava’nti sañjānanti. Iti yathā yathā naṃ tesu tesu janapadesu sañjānanti tathā tathā thāmasā parāmāsā abhinivissa voharati – ‘idameva saccaṃ , moghamañña’nti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, janapadaniruttiyā ca abhiniveso hoti samaññāya ca atisāro.
332诸比丘,怎样算是不执著地方语言、不逾越一般名称呢?诸比丘,在此,同一事物,在某些地方被称为“pātī”,在某些地方被称为“patta”,在某些地方被称为“vitta”,在某些地方被称为“sarāva”,在某些地方被称为“dhāropa”,在某些地方被称为“poṇa”,在某些地方被称为“pisīlava”。无论各个地方如何称呼它,他都能了知:“这些尊者以这个名称来指代此物”,随后也随顺那样说,却不执取。诸比丘,这样便是不执著地方语言、不逾越一般名称了。因此说“不应执著地方语言,不应逾越一般名称”,正是为此而说的。
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, janapadaniruttiyā ca anabhiniveso hoti samaññāya ca anatisāro? Idha, bhikkhave, tadevekaccesu janapadesu ‘pātī’ti sañjānanti, ‘patta’nti sañjānanti, ‘vitta’nti sañjānanti, ‘sarāva’nti sañjānanti, ‘dhāropa’nti sañjānanti, ‘poṇa’nti sañjānanti, ‘pisīlava’nti sañjānanti. Iti yathā yathā naṃ tesu tesu janapadesu sañjānanti ‘idaṃ kira me āyasmanto sandhāya voharantī’ti tathā tathā voharati aparāmasaṃ. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, janapadaniruttiyā ca anabhiniveso hoti, samaññāya ca anatisāro. ‘Janapadaniruttiṃ nābhiniveseyya samaññaṃ nātidhāveyyā’ti – iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
333诸比丘,于此,投入随欲乐而生的喜乐,是低劣、粗俗、凡夫、非圣、无义利的。这是有苦、有恼害、有忧恼、有热恼之法;这是邪道。因此,这是有诤之法。诸比丘,于此,不投入随欲乐而生的喜乐——即不投入那低劣、粗俗、凡夫、非圣、无义利之事——这是无苦、无恼害、无忧恼、无热恼之法;这是正道。因此,这是无诤之法。
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, yo kāmapaṭisandhisukhino somanassānuyogo hīno gammo pothujjaniko anariyo anatthasaṃhito, sadukkho eso dhammo saupaghāto saupāyāso sapariḷāho; micchāpaṭipadā. Tasmā eso dhammo saraṇo. Tatra, bhikkhave, yo kāmapaṭisandhisukhino somanassānuyogaṃ ananuyogo hīnaṃ gammaṃ pothujjanikaṃ anariyaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, adukkho eso dhammo anupaghāto anupāyāso apariḷāho; sammāpaṭipadā. Tasmā eso dhammo araṇo.
334诸比丘,沉溺于自我折磨,是苦的、非圣的、无义无利的;这是有苦、有恼害、有忧恼、有热恼的法,是邪道。因此,这是有诤论的法。诸比丘,不沉溺于自我折磨——即此苦的、非圣的、无义无利之事——这是无苦、无恼害、无忧恼、无热恼的法,是正道。因此,这是无诤论的法。
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, yo attakilamathānuyogo dukkho anariyo anatthasaṃhito, sadukkho eso dhammo saupaghāto saupāyāso sapariḷāho; micchāpaṭipadā. Tasmā eso dhammo saraṇo. Tatra, bhikkhave, yo attakilamathānuyogaṃ ananuyogo dukkhaṃ anariyaṃ anatthasaṃhitaṃ, adukkho eso dhammo anupaghāto anupāyāso apariḷāho; sammāpaṭipadā. Tasmā eso dhammo araṇo.
335诸比丘,那条由如来证悟的中道,能带来眼、带来智,导向寂静、证智、正觉、涅槃。这法是无苦、无恼害、无忧恼、无热恼的,是正道。因此,这是无诤论的法。
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, yāyaṃ majjhimā paṭipadā tathāgatena abhisambuddhā, cakkhukaraṇī ñāṇakaraṇī upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati, adukkho eso dhammo anupaghāto anupāyāso apariḷāho; sammāpaṭipadā . Tasmā eso dhammo araṇo.
336诸比丘,那种附带赞扬与贬抑,却非说法——是有苦之法,带来损害、恼害与热恼,是邪道。因此,这种法伴随争论。而那种既不赞扬也不贬抑,唯是说法——是无苦之法,无损害、无恼害、无热恼,是正道。因此,这种法无有争论。
‘‘Tatra , bhikkhave, yāyaṃ ussādanā ca apasādanā ca no ca dhammadesanā, sadukkho eso dhammo saupaghāto saupāyāso sapariḷāho; micchāpaṭipadā. Tasmā eso dhammo saraṇo. Tatra, bhikkhave, yāyaṃ nevussādanā ca na apasādanā ca dhammadesanā ca, adukkho eso dhammo anupaghāto anupāyāso apariḷāho; sammāpaṭipadā. Tasmā eso dhammo araṇo.
337诸比丘,那种欲乐——粪秽之乐、凡夫之乐、非圣之乐——是有苦之法,带来损害、恼害与热恼,是邪道。因此,这种法伴随争论。而那种出离之乐、远离之乐、寂止之乐、自觉之乐——是无苦之法,无损害、无恼害、无热恼,是正道。因此,这种法无有争论。
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, yamidaṃ kāmasukhaṃ mīḷhasukhaṃ pothujjanasukhaṃ anariyasukhaṃ , sadukkho eso dhammo saupaghāto saupāyāso sapariḷāho; micchāpaṭipadā. Tasmā eso dhammo saraṇo. Tatra, bhikkhave, yamidaṃ nekkhammasukhaṃ pavivekasukhaṃ upasamasukhaṃ sambodhisukhaṃ, adukkho eso dhammo anupaghāto anupāyāso apariḷāho; sammāpaṭipadā. Tasmā eso dhammo araṇo.
338诸比丘,于此,那种背后的言语,若不真实、不符事实、无有利益——这是有苦、有害、有逼恼、有热恼的法,是邪道。因此,此法是有诤的。诸比丘,于此,那种背后的言语,虽真实、符合事实,却无有利益——这是有苦、有害、有逼恼、有热恼的法,是邪道。因此,此法是有诤的。诸比丘,于此,那种背后的言语,真实、符合事实、有利益——这是无苦、无害、无逼恼、无热恼的法,是正道。因此,此法是无诤的。
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ rahovādo abhūto ataccho anatthasaṃhito, sadukkho eso dhammo saupaghāto saupāyāso sapariḷāho; micchāpaṭipadā. Tasmā eso dhammo saraṇo. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ rahovādo bhūto taccho anatthasaṃhito, sadukkho eso dhammo saupaghāto saupāyāso sapariḷāho; micchāpaṭipadā. Tasmā eso dhammo saraṇo. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ rahovādo bhūto taccho atthasaṃhito, adukkho eso dhammo anupaghāto anupāyāso apariḷāho; sammāpaṭipadā. Tasmā eso dhammo araṇo.
339诸比丘,在这里,那种当面的粗恶言语,并不真实、不符事实、无有利益——这是有苦之法,是有损害的、有恼害的、有热恼的,是邪道。因此,这法是有诤论的。诸比丘,在这里,那种当面的粗恶言语,是真实的、符合事实的,却无有利益——这是有苦之法,是有损害的、有恼害的、有热恼的,是邪道。因此,这法是有诤论的。诸比丘,在这里,那种当面的粗恶言语,是真实的、符合事实的、有利益的——这是无苦之法,是无损害的、无恼害的、无热恼的,是正道。因此,这法是无诤论的。
‘‘Tatra , bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ sammukhā khīṇavādo abhūto ataccho anatthasaṃhito, sadukkho eso dhammo saupaghāto saupāyāso sapariḷāho; micchāpaṭipadā. Tasmā eso dhammo saraṇo. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ sammukhā khīṇavādo bhūto taccho anatthasaṃhito, sadukkho eso dhammo saupaghāto saupāyāso sapariḷāho; micchāpaṭipadā. Tasmā eso dhammo saraṇo. Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ sammukhā khīṇavādo bhūto taccho atthasaṃhito, adukkho eso dhammo anupaghāto anupāyāso apariḷāho; sammāpaṭipadā. Tasmā eso dhammo araṇo.
340诸比丘,说话匆忙,此法即有苦、有伤害、有恼害、有热恼,是邪道。因此,此法是有诤的。诸比丘,说话从容不迫,此法即无苦、无伤害、无恼害、无热恼,是正道。因此,此法是无诤的。
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, yamidaṃ taramānassa bhāsitaṃ, sadukkho eso dhammo saupaghāto saupāyāso sapariḷāho; micchāpaṭipadā. Tasmā eso dhammo saraṇo. Tatra, bhikkhave , yamidaṃ ataramānassa bhāsitaṃ, adukkho eso dhammo anupaghāto anupāyāso apariḷāho; sammāpaṭipadā. Tasmā eso dhammo araṇo.
341诸比丘,若执着于方言,并逾越通称的用法,此法即有苦、有伤害、有恼害、有热恼,是邪道。因此,此法是有诤的。诸比丘,若不执着于方言,也不逾越通称的用法,此法即无苦、无伤害、无恼害、无热恼,是正道。因此,此法是无诤的。
‘‘Tatra, bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ janapadaniruttiyā ca abhiniveso samaññāya ca atisāro, sadukkho eso dhammo saupaghāto saupāyāso sapariḷāho; micchāpaṭipadā. Tasmā eso dhammo saraṇo. Tatra bhikkhave, yvāyaṃ janapadaniruttiyā ca anabhiniveso samaññāya ca anatisāro, adukkho eso dhammo anupaghāto anupāyāso apariḷāho; sammāpaṭipadā. Tasmā eso dhammo araṇo.
31因此,诸比丘,你们应当这样学:‘我们将了知有诤之法,了知无诤之法;了知有诤之法与无诤之法后,我们将修习无诤之道。’诸比丘,善男子须菩提正是行于此无诤之道。
‘‘Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, ‘saraṇañca dhammaṃ jānissāma, araṇañca dhammaṃ jānissāma; saraṇañca dhammaṃ ñatvā araṇañca dhammaṃ ñatvā araṇapaṭipadaṃ paṭipajjissāmā’ti evañhi vo, bhikkhave, sikkhitabbaṃ. Subhūti ca pana, bhikkhave, kulaputto araṇapaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno’’ti.
32这是世尊所说。那些比丘心满意足,对世尊的教导随喜赞叹。
Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinandunti.
33无诤分别经第九终。
Araṇavibhaṅgasuttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ navamaṃ.