KN 17 · 导论
11. 摄门
1. Saṅgahavāro
2世间所供养、世界守护者也常常礼敬的,
Yaṃ loko pūjayate, salokapālo sadā namassati ca;
3那就是人中至尊的殊胜教法,智者应当了知。
Tasseta sāsanavaraṃ, vidūhi ñeyyaṃ naravarassa.
4经教有十二句,那全部包含辞句与义理;
Dvādasa padāni suttaṃ, taṃ sabbaṃ byañjanañca attho ca;
5这两者都应了知:什么是义理,什么是辞句。
Taṃ viññeyyaṃ ubhayaṃ, ko attho byañjanaṃ katamaṃ.
6十六种项链法、五种引导,是教法的探求;
Soḷasahārā netti , pañcanayā sāsanassa pariyeṭṭhi;
7十八根本句,是大迦旃延所宣说。
Aṭṭhārasamūlapadā, mahakaccānena niddiṭṭhā.
8摄法是词句分析、经的三种引导以及经义。
Hārā byañjanavicayo, suttassa nayā tayo ca suttattho;
9当这两者都被掌握时,才称得上如实通晓经典。
Ubhayaṃ pariggahītaṃ, vuccati suttaṃ yathāsuttaṃ.
10教导本身和所教导的内容,这两者都应彻底了知。
Yā ceva desanā yañca, desitaṃ ubhayameva viññeyyaṃ;
11在这里,这是依次探究九种经教的方式。
Tatrāyamānupubbī, navavidhasuttantapariyeṭṭhīti.
12集合品
Saṅgahavāro.
132. 略说品
2. Uddesavāro
1其中,什么是十六种摄法?即:教导、审察、理由、立足处、相、四阵列、转向、分别、回转、同义语、施设、进入、净化、依止、资具、等同确立。
Tattha katame soḷasa hārā? Desanā vicayo yutti padaṭṭhāno lakkhaṇo catubyūho āvaṭṭo vibhatti parivattano vevacano paññatti otaraṇo sodhano adhiṭṭhāno parikkhāro samāropano iti.
15其随诵
Tassānugīti
16教导、审察、理由、立足处和相;
Desanā vicayo yutti, padaṭṭhāno ca lakkhaṇo;
17四阵列、回旋、分别、转变。
Catubyūho ca āvaṭṭo, vibhatti parivattano.
18同义语、施设、入处、净化;
Vevacano ca paññatti, otaraṇo ca sodhano;
19决意、资具、引上,这是第十六。
Adhiṭṭhāno parikkhāro, samāropano soḷaso .
20这十六种摄,是从义理上宣说,不相混杂的;
Ete soḷasa hārā, pakittitā atthato asaṃkiṇṇā;
21而这些的详细分类,就是引导方法的分析。
Etesañceva bhavati, vitthāratayā nayavibhattīti.
2在那里,哪五种是引导方法?欢喜轮转、三圆满、狮子游戏、观察诸方、钩,这就是了。
Tattha katame pañca nayā? Nandiyāvaṭṭo tipukkhalo sīhavikkīḷito disālocano aṅkuso iti.
23其随诵
Tassānugīti
24第一个是欢喜轮转,第二个是三满;
Paṭhamo nandiyāvaṭṭo, dutiyo ca tipukkhalo;
25第三个名叫狮子游戏,是引导之相;
Sīhavikkīḷito nāma, tatiyo nayalañjako .
26他们宣说观察诸方,为第四种无上引导;
Disālocanamāhaṃsu , catutthaṃ nayamuttamaṃ;
27第五个名叫钩,这五种引导方法统摄一切。
Pañcamo aṅkuso nāma, sabbe pañca nayā gatāti.
3其中,哪十八个是根本句?九个是善的句,九个是不善的句。其中,哪九个是不善的句?贪爱、无明、贪、嗔、痴、净想、乐想、常想、我想——这九个是不善的句,所有不善的部分都在这里被统摄、被归入。
Tattha katamāni aṭṭhārasa mūlapadāni? Nava padāni kusalāni nava padāni akusalāni. Tattha katamāni nava padāni akusalāni, taṇhā avijjā lobho doso moho subhasaññā sukhasaññā niccasaññā attasaññāti, imāni nava padāni akusalāni, yattha sabbo akusalapakkho saṅgahaṃ samosaraṇaṃ gacchati.
29其中,哪九个是善的句?止、观、无贪、无嗔、无痴、不净想、苦想、无常想、无我想——这九个是善的句,所有善的部分都在这里被统摄、被归入。
Tattha katamāni nava padāni kusalāni? Samatho vipassanā alobho adoso amoho asubhasaññā dukkhasaññā aniccasaññā anattasaññāti, imāni nava padāni kusalāni, yattha sabbo kusalapakkho saṅgahaṃ samosaraṇaṃ gacchati.
30此处此摄颂
Tatridaṃ uddānaṃ
31贪爱与无明,贪染、嗔怒,以及愚痴,
Taṇhā ca avijjāpi ca, lobho doso tatheva moho ca;
32四种颠倒,烦恼地有九句。
Caturo ca vipallāsā, kilesabhūmī nava padāni.
33奢摩他与毗婆舍那,还有那三种善根,
Samatho ca vipassanā ca, kusalāni ca yāni tīṇi mūlāni;
34四念处,根地有九句。
Caturo satipaṭṭhānā, indriyabhūmī nava padāni.
35以九句善法,与九句不善品相应,
Navahi ca padehi kusalā, navahi ca yujjanti akusalapakkhā;
36这些便是根本句,总共有十八句。
Ete kho mūlapadā, bhavanti aṭṭhārasa padānīti.
37略说品
Uddesavāro.
383. 分别品
3. Niddesavāro
4在那里,简要地说明了导论。
Tattha saṅkhepato netti kittitā.
40线摄
Hārasaṅkhepo
41味、过患、出离,以及果和方法;
Assādādīnavatā , nissaraṇampi ca phalaṃ upāyo ca;
42以及世尊的教诫,对于瑜伽者们。
Āṇattī ca bhagavato, yogīnaṃ .
43所问和所答,以及经的结颂;
Yaṃ pucchitañca vissajjitañca, suttassa yā ca anugīti;
44对经的审察,被称为“摄”。
Suttassa yo pavicayo, hāro ti niddiṭṭho.
45一切摄的基础,以及它们的行境;
Sabbesaṃ hārānaṃ, yā bhūmī yo ca gocaro tesaṃ;
46被称为‘摄’的,是对合理与不合理的审察。
Yuttāyuttaparikkhā, hāro ti niddiṭṭho.
47佛陀教导法,以及那个法的立足处;
Dhammaṃ deseti jino, tassa ca dhammassa yaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ;
48像这样,对于一切法,这就是‘摄’。
Iti yāva sabbadhammā, eso hāro .
49当说到一个法时,凡是具有相同特征的那些法,
Vuttamhi ekadhamme, ye dhammā ekalakkhaṇā keci;
50它们就全部被说到了,这就叫作‘摄’。
Vuttā bhavanti sabbe, so hāro nāma.
51词源与意图,词句,以及说法的因缘;
Neruttamadhippāyo, byañjanamatha desanānidānañca;
52这是‘前后联系’这个摄持法。
Pubbāparānusandhī, eso hāro .
53在一个立足处中,寻找其余的立足处。
Ekamhi padaṭṭhāne, pariyesati sesakaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ;
54那个摄持方法叫作‘转向对立面’。
Āvaṭṭati paṭipakkhe, nāma so hāro.
55这个摄持方法分析‘法’作为立足处,以及‘地’的阶段。
Dhammañca padaṭṭhānaṃ, bhūmiñca vibhajjate ayaṃ hāro;
56在共通与不共通当中,应当加以引导。
Sādhāraṇe asādhāraṇe ca neyyo ti.
57关于善与不善的法——那些被指出、被修习和被断除的。
Kusalākusale dhamme, niddiṭṭhe bhāvite pahīne ca;
58它辗转于对立面,这叫作‘摄’。
Parivattati paṭipakkhe, hāro nāma.
59但是,对于一个法,经中说了许多同义词。
Vevacanāni bahūni tu, sutte vuttāni ekadhammassa;
60通晓经的人知道那种,它名为‘摄’。
Yo jānāti suttavidū, nāma so hāro.
61世尊用各种施设来教导同一个法。
Ekaṃ bhagavā dhammaṃ, paññattīhi vividhāhi deseti;
62那应被了知的方式,叫做‘摄’。
So ākāro ñeyyo, nāma hāroti.
63以及缘起、根与蕴、界与处。
Yo ca paṭiccuppādo, indriyakhandhā ca dhātu āyatanā;
64那个凭借这些来审察(法义)的方法,就叫做项链法。
Etehi otarati yo, nāma so hāro.
65在问题得到解答时,就从这被问及的偈颂开始(着手)。
Vissajjitamhi pañhe, gāthāyaṃ pucchitāyamārabbha;
66对清净与不清净的检验,那个就叫做项链法。
Suddhāsuddhaparikkhā, hāro so nāma.
67那些基于统一性而说的法,以及那些基于差异性而指出的法。
Ekattatāya dhammā, yepi ca vemattatāya niddiṭṭhā;
68应当以那个(方法)来分别(法义),这就是那条项链法。
Tena vikappayitabbā, eso hāro .
69那些法以次第而起的因缘,产生某一个法。
Ye dhammā yaṃ dhammaṃ, janayantippaccayā paramparato;
70拉出因之后,这就是项链法。
Hetumavakaḍḍhayitvā, eso hāro .
71那些以某物为根本的法,以及那些由牟尼阐明为同一意义的法,
Ye dhammā yaṃ mūlā, ye cekatthā pakāsitā muninā;
72它们应当被串连起来,这就是项链法。
Te samaropayitabbā, esa hāro.
73方法摄
Nayasaṅkhepo
74那个通过止和观引导去除渴爱和无明的方法,
Taṇhañca avijjampi ca, samathena vipassanā yo neti;
75与诸谛连结之后,这是引导方法。
Saccehi yojayitvā, ayaṃ nayo .
76那个引导人离开不善与不善根,而向善与善根者。
Yo akusale samūlehi, neti kusale ca kusalamūlehi;
77那是真实、如实、无伪的——精通方法论的人,称它为「理趣」。
Bhūtaṃ tathaṃ avitathaṃ, taṃ nayaṃ āhu.
78把正法从颠倒、从烦恼、从根门中正确地导引出来——
Yo neti vipallāsehi, kilese indriyehi saddhamme;
79了解方法论者,把这称为一种「引导方式」。
Etaṃ nayaṃ nayavidū, āhu.
80因为在各种记说之中,贤善与不善的法,随处都有宣说——
Veyyākaraṇesu hi ye, kusalākusalā tahiṃ tahiṃ vuttā;
81他以心意去观照,人们确实把它称作「观察」。
Manasā volokayate, taṃ khu āhu.
82用「遍观诸方」的眼光审视之后,把该提起的法义提取出来,再加以统一、引导——
Oloketvā disalocanena, ukkhipiya yaṃ samāneti;
83引导就是:一切善与不善。
Sabbe kusalākusale, ayaṃ nayo nāma.
84先以观察诸方,从各个角度审视之后,有了十六种项链法;
Soḷasa hārā paṭhamaṃ, disalocanato disā viloketvā;
85再用钩子将其浓缩,通过三种引导方法来阐明经典。
Saṅkhipiya aṅkusena hi, nayehi tīhi niddise suttaṃ.
86十二句
Dvādasapada
87字、词、文句、解释,以及同样地,对词源的说明——
Akkharaṃ padaṃ byañjanaṃ, nirutti tatheva niddeso;
88加上第六项:表达方式。语言文句的全部内容,就这么多。
Ākārachaṭṭhavacanaṃ, ettāva byañjanaṃ sabbaṃ.
89宣说、阐明、开解、分析、解释——这些就是教导的施设。
Saṅkāsanā pakāsanā, vivaraṇā vibhajanuttānīkammapaññatti;
90通过这六个方面,义理与可行性被揭示出来。
Etehi chahi padehi, attho kammañca niddiṭṭhaṃ.
91三种引导方法没有缺减,义的六种情况已被计算;
Tīṇi ca nayā anūnā, atthassa ca chappadāni gaṇitāni;
92通过九个方面,世尊教法的义理得以契合。
Navahi padehi bhagavato, vacanassattho samāyutto.
93义有九个方面,依表达方式探寻则有二十四种;
Atthassa navappadāni, byañjanapariyeṭṭhiyā catubbīsa;
94将这两者合在一起,总计三十三种。这就是《导论》的范畴。
Ubhayaṃ saṅkalayitvā , tettiṃsā ettikā nettīti.
95分别品
Niddesavāro.
964. 解说品
4. Paṭiniddesavāro
971. 教说线分别
1. Desanāhāravibhaṅgo
5其中,什么是‘教示摄’?‘味、过患……’这一偈颂就是教示摄。它开示什么?开示味、过患、出离、果、方法、教诫。‘比丘们,我将为你们说法——初善、中善、后善,义理与表达兼具,圆满完全、清净无染的梵行,我将予以阐明。’
Tattha katamo desanāhāro? ‘‘Assādādīnavatā’’ti gāthā ayaṃ desanāhāro. Kiṃ desayati? Assādaṃ ādīnavaṃ nissaraṇaṃ phalaṃ upāyaṃ āṇattiṃ. Dhammaṃ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsessāmīti.
99那么,什么是味呢?
Tattha katamo assādo?
100“当一个人渴求感官之乐时,这些欲乐若成就满足了他,
‘‘Kāmaṃ kāmayamānassa, tassa cetaṃ samijjhati;
101他必定会满心欢喜,这个凡人在得到了他所想要的东西之后。”
Addhā pītimano hoti, laddhā macco yadicchatī’’ti.
102这就是味。
Ayaṃ assādo.
103这是味。
Ayaṃ assādo.
104那么,什么是过患呢?
Tattha katamo ādīnavo?
105“对于那个怀有欲望、渴爱已生起的有情,
‘‘Tassa ce kāmayānassa, chandajātassa jantuno;
106那些欲乐终会消退,就像被箭射中的人痛苦不已。
Te kāmā parihāyanti, sallaviddhova ruppatī’’ti.
107这是过患。
Ayaṃ ādīnavo.
108这是过患。
Ayaṃ ādīnavo.
109其中,什么是出离?
Tattha katamaṃ nissaraṇaṃ?
110他避开诸欲,如同用脚避开蛇的头;
‘‘Yo kāme parivajjeti, sappasseva padā siro;
111他保持正念,超越了这世间的贪爱束缚。
Somaṃ visattikaṃ loke, sato samativattatī’’ti.
112这是出离。
Idaṃ nissaraṇaṃ.
113这是出离。
Idaṃ nissaraṇaṃ.
114其中,什么是味?
Tattha katamo assādo?
115“田地、宅基或黄金,牛马、奴婢仆人;女子、亲族、种种欲乐——凡是人们贪求的这些。”
‘‘Khettaṃ vatthuṃ hiraññaṃ vā, gavāssaṃ dāsaporisaṃ;
116妻子、亲戚、众多诸欲,凡人贪求。」
Thiyo bandhū puthū kāme, yo naro anugijjhatī’’ti.
117这就是味。
Ayaṃ assādo.
118这是味。
Ayaṃ assādo.
119其中,什么是过患?
Tattha katamo ādīnavo?
120「无力者被强力者所胜,诸危难压迫他;
‘‘Abalā naṃ balīyanti, maddante naṃ parissayā;
121于是,痛苦随之而来,就像水涌进破船一样。
Tato naṃ dukkhamanveti, nāvaṃ bhinnamivodaka’’nti.
122这是过患。
Ayaṃ ādīnavo.
123这是患。
Ayaṃ ādīnavo.
124其中,什么是出离呢?
Tattha katamaṃ nissaraṇaṃ?
125“因此,人应常怀正念,避开欲乐;
‘‘Tasmā jantu sadā sato, kāmāni parivajjaye;
126舍弃它们而渡过暴流,如同造好船而到达彼岸。”
Te pahāya tare oghaṃ, nāvaṃ sitvāva pāragū’’ti.
127这是出离。
Idaṃ nissaraṇaṃ.
128这是出离。
Idaṃ nissaraṇaṃ.
129在那里,什么是果呢?
Tattha katamaṃ phalaṃ?
130“法确实保护行法之人,如同大雨时节的大伞盖;
‘‘Dhammo have rakkhati dhammacāriṃ, chattaṃ mahantaṃ yatha vassakāle;
131这是善行于法的功德利益,行法之人不会堕入恶道。”
Esānisaṃso dhamme suciṇṇe, na duggatiṃ gacchati dhammacārī’’ti.
132这就是果。
Idaṃ phalaṃ.
133这是果。
Idaṃ phalaṃ.
134在那里,什么是方法呢?
Tattha katamo upāyo?
135“一切诸行都是无常的……”……(略)
‘‘Sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā’’ti…pe…
136所有行都是苦……
‘‘Sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhā’’ti…pe…
137当以慧观见——一切法非我——时,
‘‘Sabbe dhammā anattā’’ti, yadā paññāya passati;
138便对苦生起厌离,这就是清净之道。
Atha nibbindati dukkhe, esa maggo visuddhiyā’’ti.
139这是方法。
Ayaṃ upāyo.
140这是方法。
Ayaṃ upāyo.
141其中,什么是教诫?
Tattha katamā āṇatti?
142有眼者如对不平地,在力所能及时应奋力而行;
‘‘Cakkhumā visamānīva, vijjamāne parakkame;
143“世间的智者,应当远离种种恶行。”
Paṇḍito jīvalokasmiṃ, pāpāni parivajjaye’’ti.
144这是教令。
Ayaṃ āṇatti.
145这是教诫。
Ayaṃ āṇatti.
146“你应当以空去观察世间,
‘‘‘Suññato lokaṃ avekkhassu,
147摩伽罗阇!”这是教令。“恒常保持正念”是方法;
Mogharājā’ti āṇatti, ‘sadā sato’ti upāyo;
148“拔除了对‘自我’的执见之后,便能这样成为超越死神者。”
‘Attānudiṭṭhiṃ ūhacca , evaṃ maccutaro siyā’’’.
149这是果。
Idaṃ phalaṃ.
150这是果。
Idaṃ phalaṃ.
6在这里,世尊为利根顿悟的人教导出离;为可广解其义的人教导过患和出离;为需要引导的人教导味、过患和出离。
Tattha bhagavā ugghaṭitaññussa puggalassa nissaraṇaṃ desayati, vipañcitaññussa puggalassa ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca desayati, neyyassa puggalassa assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca desayati.
152这里有四种行道,四种人。贪行而根器迟钝的人,以信根通过苦行道、迟通达而成就,依止于念处。贪行而根器敏锐的人,以定根通过苦行道、速通达而成就,依止于禅那。见行而根器迟钝的人,以精进根通过乐行道、迟通达而成就,依止于正勤。见行而根器敏锐的人,以慧根通过乐行道、速通达而成就,依止于谛。
Tattha catasso paṭipadā, cattāro puggalā. Taṇhācarito mando satindriyena dukkhāya paṭipadāya dandhābhiññāya niyyāti satipaṭṭhānehi nissayehi. Taṇhācarito udatto samādhindriyena dukkhāya paṭipadāya khippābhiññāya niyyāti jhānehi nissayehi. Diṭṭhicarito mando vīriyindriyena sukhāya paṭipadāya dandhābhiññāya niyyāti sammappadhānehi nissayehi. Diṭṭhicarito udatto paññindriyena sukhāya paṭipadāya khippābhiññāya niyyāti saccehi nissayehi.
153两位贪行者都通过以止为先导的观而成就,导向离欲贪的心解脱。两位见行者都通过以观为先导的止而成就,导向离无明的慧解脱。
Ubho taṇhācaritā samathapubbaṅgamāya vipassanā niyyanti rāgavirāgāya cetovimuttiyā. Ubho diṭṭhicaritā vipassanāpubbaṅgame samathena niyyanti avijjāvirāgāya paññāvimuttiyā.
154在这里,那些通过以止为先导的行道而成就的人,应该用欢喜轮转的方法来引导。那些通过以观为先导的行道而成就的人,应该用狮子游戏的方法来引导。
Tattha ye samathapubbaṅgamāhi paṭipadāhi niyyanti, te nandiyāvaṭṭena nayena hātabbā, ye vipassanāpubbaṅgamāhi paṭipadāhi niyyanti, te sīhavikkīḷitena nayena hātabbā.
7这种引导方法在哪里产生呢?当导师,或者某位值得尊重的同修,为某人说法时,他听了那个法之后,获得了信心。在这里,所进行的审察、策励、衡量、抉择,这是闻所成慧。同样地,依止于所闻,以心随观而进行的审察、衡量、抉择,这是思所成慧。与这两慧相应的作意者,在见地或修地中所生起的智,这是修所成慧。
Svāyaṃ hāro kattha sambhavati, yassa satthā vā dhammaṃ desayati aññataro vā garuṭṭhānīyo sabrahmacārī, so taṃ dhammaṃ sutvā saddhaṃ paṭilabhati. Tattha yā vīmaṃsā ussāhanā tulanā upaparikkhā, ayaṃ sutamayī paññā. Tathā sutena nissayena yā vīmaṃsā tulanā upaparikkhā manasānupekkhaṇā, ayaṃ cintāmayī paññā. Imāhi dvīhi paññāhi manasikārasampayuttassa yaṃ ñāṇaṃ uppajjati dassanabhūmiyaṃ vā bhāvanābhūmiyaṃ vā, ayaṃ bhāvanāmayī paññā.
8依靠他人音声而来的,是闻所成慧。从自己生起的如理作意而来的,是思所成慧。依靠他人音声和自己生起的如理作意而生起的智,这是修所成慧。谁具备这两慧,即闻所成慧和思所成慧,这个人就是利根顿悟者。谁具备闻所成慧,但不具备思所成慧,这个人就是可广解其义者。谁既不具备闻所成慧,也不具备思所成慧,这个人就是需要引导者。
Paratoghosā sutamayī paññā. Paccattasamuṭṭhitā yoniso manasikārā cintāmayī paññā. Yaṃ parato ca ghosena paccattasamuṭṭhitena ca yonisomanasikārena ñāṇaṃ uppajjati, ayaṃ bhāvanāmayī paññā. Yassa imā dve paññā atthi sutamayī cintāmayī ca, ayaṃ ugghaṭitaññū. Yassa sutamayī paññā atthi, cintāmayī natthi, ayaṃ vipañcitaññū . Yassa neva sutamayī paññā atthi na cintāmayī, ayaṃ neyyo.
9那场说法本身教导了什么?四圣谛:苦、集、灭、道。过患和果是苦,味是集,出离是灭,方法和教诫是道。这些就是四圣谛。这就是法轮。
Sāyaṃ dhammadesanā kiṃ desayati? Cattāri saccāni dukkhaṃ samudayaṃ nirodhaṃ maggaṃ. Ādīnavo ca phalañca dukkhaṃ, assādo samudayo, nissaraṇaṃ nirodho, upāyo āṇatti ca maggo. Imāni cattāri saccāni. Idaṃ dhammacakkaṃ.
158正如世尊所说的:“‘比丘们,这是苦’——我在波罗奈的仙人坠处鹿野苑,转起了无上法轮,不能被沙门、婆罗门、天神、魔罗、梵天或世间任何众生逆转,这就是整个法轮。”
Yathāha bhagavā – ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti me, bhikkhave, bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye anuttaraṃ dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ appaṭivattiyaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ, sabbaṃ dhammacakkaṃ.
159对于这个涵义,有无量的语句、无量的音声、无量的文辞、无量的相、语源解释和阐说。为了把这个涵义表明、宣示、揭示、分析、显了而作的施设,这就是‘这是苦圣谛’的安立。
Tattha aparimāṇā padā, aparimāṇā akkharā, aparimāṇā byañjanā, aparimāṇā ākārā neruttā niddesā. Etasseva atthassa saṅkāsanā pakāsanā vivaraṇā vibhajanā uttānīkammaṃ paññatti, itipidaṃ dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ.
160“‘比丘们,这是苦集’——我在波罗奈的仙人坠处鹿野苑,转起了无上法轮……‘比丘们,这是苦灭’……‘比丘们,这是通往苦灭的道路’——我在波罗奈的仙人坠处鹿野苑,转起了无上法轮,不能被沙门、婆罗门、天神、魔罗、梵天或世间任何众生逆转。”
‘‘Ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’’ti me, bhikkhave, bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye anuttaraṃ dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ…pe… ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’’ti me, bhikkhave…pe… ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti me, bhikkhave, bārāṇasiyaṃ isipatane migadāye anuttaraṃ dhammacakkaṃ pavattitaṃ appaṭivattiyaṃ samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ.
161对于这个涵义,有无量的语句、无量的音声、无量的文辞、无量的相、语源解释和阐说。为了把这个涵义表明、宣示、揭示、分析、显了而作的施设,这就是‘这是通往苦灭的道路圣谛’的安立。
Tattha aparimāṇā padā, aparimāṇā akkharā, aparimāṇā byañjanā, aparimāṇā ākārā neruttā niddesā. Etasseva atthassa saṅkāsanā pakāsanā vivaraṇā vibhajanā uttānīkammaṃ paññatti itipidaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ.
162在那当中,世尊用音声来阐明,用语句来宣示,用文辞来揭示,用相来分析,用语源解释来显了,用阐说来施设。在那当中,世尊又用音声和语句来简略开示,用文辞和相来详作广演,用语源解释和阐说来详细铺陈。在那当中,简略开示是开端,广演是中段,详细铺陈是结尾。这个法与律,当以简略开示调伏时,调伏的是略开即能知解的那类人,因此被称为‘开头也是善的’;当以广演调伏时,调伏的是广演方能知解的那类人,因此被称为‘中间也是善的’;当以详细铺陈调伏时,调伏的是需要渐次引导的那类人,因此被称为‘结尾也是善的’。
Tattha bhagavā akkharehi saṅkāseti, padehi pakāseti, byañjanehi vivarati, ākārehi vibhajati, niruttīhi uttānīkaroti , niddesehi paññapeti. Tattha bhagavā akkharehi ca padehi ca ugghaṭeti , byañjanehi ca ākārehi ca vipañcayati, niruttīhi ca niddesehi ca vitthāreti. Tattha ugghaṭanā ādi, vipañcanā majjhe, vitthāraṇā pariyosānaṃ. Soyaṃ dhammavinayo ugghaṭīyanto ugghaṭitaññūpuggalaṃ vineti, tena naṃ āhu ‘‘ādikalyāṇo’’ti. Vipañcīyanto vipañcitaññūpuggalaṃ vineti, tena naṃ āhu ‘‘majjhekalyāṇo’’ti. Vitthārīyanto neyyaṃ puggalaṃ vineti, tena naṃ āhu ‘‘pariyosānakalyāṇo’’ti.
10这当中,“义”的六种方式是:解释、阐明、开显、揭示、分别、显明——这六种方式就是“义”。
“文”的六种方式是:字母、词、语句、形态、语义解说、指陈——这六种方式就是“文”。
因此,世尊说过:“比丘们,我将为你们说法——开头善、中间善、结尾善,具足义、具足文。”
Tattha chappadāni attho saṅkāsanā pakāsanā vivaraṇā vibhajanā uttānīkammaṃ paññatti, imāni chappadāni attho. Chappadāni byañjanaṃ akkharaṃ padaṃ byañjanaṃ ākāro nirutti niddeso, imāni chappadāni byañjanaṃ. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘dhammaṃ vo, bhikkhave, desessāmi ādikalyāṇaṃ majjhekalyāṇaṃ pariyosānakalyāṇaṃ sātthaṃ sabyañjana’’nti.
164"开头善"等,是指出世间法,不与世间法混杂。
"具足"指圆满,无有不足,也无有超出。
"具足文"指无垢、已舍离一切垢染、清净、具备一切殊胜,这也叫作“如来所行”“如来所依”“如来所乐”,依此而梵行得以显现。
因此,世尊说过:“我将开显全然圆满、全然清净的梵行。”
nti lokuttaraṃ, na missaṃ lokiyehi dhammehi. nti paripūraṃ anūnaṃ anatirekaṃ. nti nimmalaṃ sabbamalāpagataṃ pariyodātaṃ upaṭṭhitaṃ sabbavisesānaṃ, idaṃ vuccati tathāgatapadaṃitipi tathāgatanisevitaṃitipi tathāgatārañjitaṃitipi, atocetaṃ brahmacariyaṃ paññāyati. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ pakāsessāmī’’ti.
165这个法的教导是为了谁?是为了瑜伽行者。
因此,具寿大迦旃延说:
Kesaṃ ayaṃ dhammadesanā, yogīnaṃ. Tenāha āyasmā mahākaccāyano –
166"味、过患,以及出离;还有果,以及方法;
‘‘Assādādīnavatā, nissaraṇampi ca phalaṃ upāyo ca;
167以及世尊的教诫——这就是对瑜伽行者的教说之摄。"
Āṇattī ca bhagavato, yogīnaṃ desanāhāro’’ti.
168相应教说线
Niyutto desanāhāro.
1692. 抉择线分别
2. Vicayahāravibhaṅgo
11这当中,什么是“观察摄”?
"有所问与有所答"——这首偈颂,就是“观察摄”。
Tattha katamo vicayo hāro? ‘‘Yaṃ pucchitañca vissajjitañcā’’ti gāthā, ayaṃ vicayo hāro.
171他在考察什么?他在考察词句,考察问题,考察解答,考察前后关联,考察味,考察过患,考察出离,考察果,考察方法,考察教诫,考察偈颂,他在考察所有九分教。例如,是怎样的情形呢?就像在《彼岸品》中,阿耆多尊者向世尊提问:
Kiṃ vicinati? Padaṃ vicinati, pañhaṃ vicinati, visajjanaṃ vicinati, pubbāparaṃ vicinati, assādaṃ vicinati, ādīnavaṃ vicinati, nissaraṇaṃ vicinati, phalaṃ vicinati, upāyaṃ vicinati, āṇattiṃ vicinati, anugītiṃ vicinati, sabbe nava suttante vicinati. Yathā kiṃ bhave, yathā āyasmā ajito pārāyane bhagavantaṃ pañhaṃ pucchati –
172“这世间被什么遮蔽了,——尊贵的阿耆多说,
‘‘Kenassu nivuto loko, [iccāyasmā ajito,]
173它为什么不彰显自己?
Kenassu nappakāsati;
174你说它的粘着是什么?什么是它巨大的恐怖?”
Kissābhilepanaṃ brūsi, kiṃ su tassa mahabbhaya’’nti.
175这四个词句是被提出的问题,它们构成一个提问。为什么呢?因为它们摄持同一个主题。就这样,他问道:“这世间被什么遮蔽了?”这是在问世间安立的层面;“它为什么不彰显自己?”这是在问世间的不彰显性;“你说它的粘着是什么?”这是在问世间的粘着;“什么是它巨大的恐怖?”这就是在问这个世间的巨大恐怖。世间有三种:烦恼世间、业有世间和根身世间。
Imāni cattāri padāni pucchitāni, so eko pañho. Kasmā? Ekavatthu pariggahā, evañhi āha ‘‘kenassu nivuto loko’’ti lokādhiṭṭhānaṃ pucchati, ‘‘kenassu nappakāsatī’’ti lokassa appakāsanaṃ pucchati, ‘‘kissābhilepanaṃ brūsī’’ti lokassa abhilepanaṃ pucchati, ‘‘kiṃsu tassa mahabbhaya’’nti tasseva lokassa mahābhayaṃ pucchati. Loko tividho kilesaloko bhavaloko indriyaloko.
176针对这些,解答如下——
Tattha visajjanā –
177于此,解答——
Tattha visajjanā –
178“世间被无明覆盖,阿耆多啊 —— 世尊说 —— 由于悭吝和放逸而不放光;我说那贪求的黏着,是它的大恐怖、大怖畏。”
‘‘Avijjāya nivuto loko, [ajitāti bhagavā,]
179世间因悭吝与放逸而不发光;
Vivicchā pamādā nappakāsati;
180我说,渴爱是它的粘着,苦是它的大恐怖。”
Jappābhilepanaṃ brūmi, dukkhamassa mahabbhaya’’nti.
181这四句是由这四句来解答的:第一句对第一句,第二句对第二句,第三句对第三句,第四句对第四句。
Imāni cattāri padāni imehi catūhi padehi visajjitāni paṭhamaṃ paṭhamena, dutiyaṃ dutiyena, tatiyaṃ tatiyena, catutthaṃ catutthena.
182对于“世间被什么遮蔽”这个问题,世尊以“世间被无明遮蔽”来阐明词句,但没给出完整的动机陈述。对于“世间因为什么而不发光”这个问题,世尊以“世间因悭吝与放逸而不发光”来阐明词句,但没给出完整的动机陈述。对于“什么是它的粘着”这个问题,世尊以“我说渴爱是它的粘着”来阐明词句,但没给出完整的动机陈述。对于“什么是它的大恐怖”这个问题,他以“苦是它的大恐怖”来回答——这纯粹就是动机陈述。因此世尊说:“世间被无明遮蔽。”
‘‘Kenassu nivuto loko’’ti pañhe ‘‘avijjāya nivuto loko’’ti bhagavā padaṃ sodheti, no ca ārambhaṃ. ‘‘Kenassu nappakāsatī’’ti pañhe ‘‘vivicchā pamādā nappakāsatī’’ti bhagavā padaṃ sodheti, no ca ārambhaṃ. ‘‘Kissābhilepanaṃ brūsī’’ti pañhe ‘‘jappābhilepanaṃ brūmī’’ti bhagavā padaṃ sodheti, no ca ārambhaṃ. ‘‘Kiṃsu tassa mahabbhaya’’nti pañhe ‘‘dukkhamassa mahabbhaya’’nti suddho ārambho. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘avijjāya nivuto loko’’ti.
183在「以何不显现」的问题中,「以疑与放逸不显现」是回答。被诸盖所覆盖的人,他疑惑。疑惑名为疑。他疑惑时不信解,不信解时不发起精进以断诸不善法、以作证诸善法。他住于此处随逐放逸,放逸者,诸白净法不生起,那些不生起者对他不显现,正如世尊所说——
‘‘Kenassu nappakāsatī’’ti pañhe ‘‘vivicchā pamādā nappakāsatī’’ti visajjanā. Yo puggalo nīvaraṇehi nivuto, so vivicchati. Vivicchā nāma vuccati vicikicchā. So vicikicchanto nābhisaddahati, na abhisaddahanto vīriyaṃ nārabhati akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ sacchikiriyāya. So idhappamādamanuyutto viharati pamatto, sukke dhamme na uppādiyati, tassa te anuppādiyamānā nappakāsanti, yathāha bhagavā –
184“善人虽在远处,也彰显无遗,如同雪山高峰;”
‘‘Dūre santo pakāsanti , himavantova pabbato;
185“不善者在此处却不见踪迹,就像夜里射出的箭;”
Asantettha na dissanti, rattiṃ khittā yathā sarā;
186“他们以德行而显赫,以称誉与名声而彰显。”
Te guṇehi pakāsanti, kittiyā ca yasena cā’’ti.
187这样一来,对第二个句子的回答就恰当了。
Tena ca dutiyassa padassa visajjanā yuttā.
188对于‘你说什么是涂油?’这个提问,回答是‘我说爱语就是涂油’。所谓爱语,说的就是贪爱。它怎么会涂抹沾染呢?正如世尊所说:
‘‘Kissābhilepanaṃ brūsī’’ti pañhe ‘‘jappābhilepanaṃ brūmī’’ti visajjanā. Jappā nāma vuccati taṇhā. Sā kathaṃ abhilimpati? Yathāha bhagavā –
189“被贪欲染污的人,不知真义;被贪欲染污的人,不见正法;”
‘‘Ratto atthaṃ na jānāti, ratto dhammaṃ na passati;
190当一个人被贪欲征服时,那时就是盲目的黑暗。
Andhantamaṃ tadā hoti, yaṃ rāgo sahate nara’’nti.
191对这个贪爱、充满执取的人,做了这样的热望之后,世间就在那里被称为被染着,由此第三句的回答是合适的。
Sāyaṃ taṇhā āsattibahulassa puggalassa ‘‘evaṃ abhijappā’’ti karitvā tattha loko abhilitto nāma bhavati, tena ca tatiyassa padassa visajjanā yuttā.
192对‘什么是它的大恐怖’这个问题,回答是‘苦是它的大恐怖’。苦有两种——身苦与心苦。身苦是苦,心苦是忧。一切众生都害怕苦,没有与苦同等的恐怖,哪里还有比这更严重的呢?有三种苦性——苦苦性、行苦性、坏苦性。世间有时偶尔能从苦苦解脱,同样也能从坏苦解脱。什么原因呢?世间也有少病和长寿的人。然而,只有通过无余涅槃界,世间才能从行苦解脱,因此行苦是世间的苦,所以说苦是它的大恐怖。由此第四句的回答是合适的。因此世尊说:‘世间被无明覆盖。’
‘‘Kiṃ su tassa mahabbhaya’’nti pañhe ‘‘dukkhamassa mahabbhaya’’nti visajjanā. Duvidhaṃ dukkhaṃ – kāyikañca cetasikañca. Yaṃ kāyikaṃ idaṃ dukkhaṃ, yaṃ cetasikaṃ idaṃ domanassaṃ. Sabbe sattā hi dukkhassa ubbijjanti, natthi bhayaṃ dukkhena samasamaṃ, kuto vā pana tassa uttaritaraṃ? Tisso dukkhatā – dukkhadukkhatā saṅkhāradukkhatā vipariṇāmadukkhatā. Tattha loko odhaso kadāci karahaci dukkhadukkhatāya muccati. Tathā vipariṇāmadukkhatāya. Taṃ kissa hetu? Honti loke appābādhāpi dīghāyukāpi. Saṅkhāradukkhatāya pana loko anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā muccati, tasmā saṅkhāradukkhatā dukkhaṃ lokassāti katvā dukkhamassa mahabbhayanti. Tena ca catutthassa padassa visajjanā yuttā. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘avijjāya nivuto loko’’ti.
193诸流到处涌流,[尊者阿耆多说,]
Savanti sabbadhi sotā, [iccāyasmā ajito,]
194什么是诸流的阻挡?
Sotānaṃ kiṃ nivāraṇaṃ;
195请说诸流的防护,以什么关闭诸流?
Sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūhi, kena sotā pidhīyare .
196这四个词是被问及的。它们是两个问题。为什么?因为是以这个称呼问的。对于一个这样成就的世间,这样杂染的世间,什么是世间的清净和出离呢?因为他是这么说的。
Imāni cattāri padāni pucchitāni. Te dve pañhā. Kasmā? Imehi batvādhivacanena pucchitā. Evaṃ samāpannassa lokassa evaṃ saṃkiliṭṭhassa kiṃ lokassa vodānaṃ vuṭṭhānamiti, evañhi āha.
197对于不安定、充满贪欲、嗔恚和放逸的人,那些东西就流淌而出。其中,贪欲就是贪的不善根,嗔恚就是嗔的不善根,放逸就是痴的不善根。对于这样不安定的人,在六处中,渴爱在流淌:色爱、声爱、香爱、味爱、触爱、法爱。正如世尊所说——
ti. Asamāhitassa savanti abhijjhābyāpādappamādabahulassa. Tattha yā abhijjhā ayaṃ lobho akusalamūlaṃ, yo byāpādo ayaṃ doso akusalamūlaṃ, yo pamādo ayaṃ moho akusalamūlaṃ. Tassevaṃ asamāhitassa chasu āyatanesu taṇhā savanti rūpataṇhā saddataṇhā gandhataṇhā rasataṇhā phoṭṭhabbataṇhā dhammataṇhā, yathāha bhagavā –
198“比丘们,这‘六’,就是对内处的称呼。眼在对可意的色时流淌,在对不可意的色时碰触抵触。耳……乃至……鼻……舌……身……意在对可意的法时流淌,在对不可意的法时碰触抵触。就这样,所有的一切都在流淌,在一切时候都在流淌。因此他说:‘诸流从一切地方流淌。’
ti ca kho, bhikkhave, channetaṃ ajjhattikānaṃ āyatanānaṃ adhivacanaṃ. Cakkhu savati manāpikesu rūpesu, amanāpikesu paṭihaññatīti. Sotaṃ…pe… ghānaṃ… jivhā… kāyo… mano savati manāpikesu dhammesu amanāpikesu paṭihaññatīti. Iti sabbā ca savati, sabbathā ca savati. Tenāha ‘‘savanti sabbadhi sotā’’ti.
199“什么是诸流的防护?”这是在问断除现起烦恼,这是清净。“请说诸流的防护,以什么来闭塞诸流?”这是在问拔除随眠烦恼,这是出离。
‘‘Sotānaṃ kiṃ nivāraṇa’’nti pariyuṭṭhānavighātaṃ pucchati, idaṃ vodānaṃ. ‘‘Sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūhi, kena sotā pidhīyare’’ti anusayasamugghātaṃ pucchati, idaṃ vuṭṭhānaṃ.
200那里的回答是——
Tattha visajjanā –
201在此,回答是——
Tattha visajjanā –
202“世间诸流,阿耆多!”世尊说,
‘‘Yāni sotāni lokasmiṃ, [ajitāti bhagavā,]
203念,是它们的阻碍;
Sati tesaṃ nivāraṇaṃ;
204我说:是诸流的防护,凭慧,这些得以封闭。”
Sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūmi, paññāyete pidhīyare’’ti.
205当身至念已修习、已多作时,眼不被可意之色牵引,于不可意者亦不抗拒;耳不被…(略)…鼻…舌…身…意不被可意之法牵引,于不可意者亦不抗拒。是什么原因?因为诸根被防护、被守护。是什么使它们得以防护、得以守护?是念的守护。因此世尊说——‘念,是它们的阻碍’。
Kāyagatāya satiyā bhāvitāya bahulīkatāya cakkhu nāviñchati manāpikesu rūpesu, amanāpikesu na paṭihaññati, sotaṃ…pe… ghānaṃ… jivhā… kāyo… mano nāviñchati manāpikesu dhammesu, amanāpikesu na paṭihaññati. Kena kāraṇena? Saṃvutanivāritattā indriyānaṃ . Kena te saṃvutanivāritā? Satiārakkhena. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘sati tesaṃ nivāraṇa’’nti.
206凭慧,随眠得以断除;随眠断除后,现行的烦恼就得以断除。为什么?因为随眠被断除了。如同有蕴聚的树木,一旦被无余地连根拔除,花、果、叶、新枝、嫩芽的相续也就被彻底断绝。同样地,随眠断除后,现行烦恼的相续即被彻底断绝、被关闭、被遮蔽。被什么?被慧。因此世尊说:‘凭慧,这些得以封闭。’
Paññāya anusayā pahīyanti, anusayesu pahīnesu pariyuṭṭhānā pahīyanti. Kissa , anusayassa pahīnattā? Taṃ yathā khandhavantassa rukkhassa anavasesamūluddharaṇe kate pupphaphalapallavaṅkurasantati samucchinnā bhavati. Evaṃ anusayesu pahīnesu pariyuṭṭhānasantati samucchinnā bhavati pidahitā paṭicchannā. Kena? Paññāya. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘paññāyete pidhīyare’’ti.
207“慧与念二者,[尊者阿耆多说,]
‘‘Paññā ceva sati ca, [iccāyasmā ajito,]
208以及名色,贤者;
Nāmarūpañca mārisa;
209应让心意无浊;
Manasānāvilo siyā;
210尊者,以及名色;
Nāmarūpañca mārisa;
211这是我所问,请告诉我,这些东西在哪里息灭?'
Etaṃ me puṭṭho pabrūhi, katthetaṃ uparujjhatī’’ti.
212“阿耆多,你所问的这个问题,我告诉你:
‘‘Yametaṃ pañhaṃ apucchi , ajita taṃ vadāmi te;
213在名和色无余灭尽之处,由于识的灭,它就在那里灭尽。”
Yattha nāmañca rūpañca, asesaṃ uparujjhati;
214以识的灭,在此这被灭尽。
Viññāṇassa nirodhena, etthetaṃ uparujjhatī’’ti.
215这是在询问这个问题的关联。询问关联者在问什么?他在问无余涅槃界。另外,苦、集、道这三谛是有为的、灭尽的法;灭谛是无为的。其中,集谛在两个阶段中被断除:见地和修习地。由见地断除三结:身见、疑、戒禁取。由修习地断除七结:欲贪、瞋恚、色贪、无色贪、慢、掉举、无明残余。在三界中的这十结,分为五下分结和五上分结。
Ayaṃ pañhe anusandhiṃ pucchati. Anusandhiṃ pucchanto kiṃ pucchati? Anupādisesaṃ nibbānadhātuṃ. Tīṇi ca saccāni saṅkhatāni nirodhadhammāni dukkhaṃ samudayo maggo, nirodho asaṅkhato. Tattha samudayo dvīsu bhūmīsu pahīyati dassanabhūmiyā ca bhāvanābhūmiyā ca. Dassanena tīṇi saṃyojanāni pahīyanti sakkāyadiṭṭhi vicikicchā sīlabbataparāmāso, bhāvanāya satta saṃyojanāni pahīyanti kāmacchando byāpādo rūparāgo arūparāgo māno uddhaccaṃ avijjāvasesā . Tedhātuke imāni dasa saṃyojanāni pañcorambhāgiyāni pañcuddhambhāgiyāni.
12其中,三结——身见、疑、戒禁取,依止未知当知根而灭。七结——欲欲、嗔恚、色贪、无色贪、慢、掉举、无明之余,依止已知根而灭。然而,如此知「我的生已尽」,这是尽智。了知「不再有后有」,这是无生智。这两智是具知根。其中,未知当知根与已知根,这些在达到最上果阿拉汉时灭,其中尽智与无生智,这两智是一慧。
Tattha tīṇi saṃyojanāni sakkāyadiṭṭhi vicikicchā sīlabbataparāmāso anaññātaññassāmītindriyaṃ adhiṭṭhāya nirujjhanti. Satta saṃyojanāni kāmacchando byāpādo rūparāgo arūparāgo māno uddhaccaṃ avijjāvasesā aññindriyaṃ adhiṭṭhāya nirujjhanti. Yaṃ pana evaṃ jānāti ‘‘khīṇā me jātī’’ti, idaṃ khaye ñāṇaṃ. ‘‘Nāparaṃ itthattāyā’’ti pajānāti, idaṃ anuppāde ñāṇaṃ. Imāni dve ñāṇāni aññātāvindriyaṃ. Tattha yañca anaññātaññassāmītindriyaṃ yañca aññindriyaṃ, imāni aggaphalaṃ arahattaṃ pāpuṇantassa nirujjhanti, tattha yañca khaye ñāṇaṃ yañca anuppāde ñāṇaṃ, imāni dve ñāṇāni ekapaññā.
217而且,通过所缘的约定,可以得到两种名称:知道'我的生已尽'的人,在尽上得到'尽智'的名称;知道'不再有像这样的存在'的人,在不再生起上得到'无生智'的名称。那种知的功能就是慧,依照所见而不执取的功能就是念。
Api ca ārammaṇasaṅketena dve nāmāni labbhanti, ‘‘khīṇā me jātī’’ti pajānantassa khaye ñāṇanti nāmaṃ labhati, ‘‘nāparaṃ itthattāyā’’ti pajānantassa anuppāde ñāṇanti nāmaṃ labhati. Sā pajānanaṭṭhena paññā, yathādiṭṭhaṃ apilāpanaṭṭhena sati.
13其中,那些五取蕴,这就是名色。其中,那些以触为第五法的诸法,这就是名。那些五种感官色法,这就是色。那名与色两者,与识结合——为了向世尊询问它的息灭,阿耆多尊者在《彼岸品》中这样说道:
Tattha ye pañcupādānakkhandhā, idaṃ nāmarūpaṃ. Tattha ye phassapañcamakā dhammā, idaṃ nāmaṃ. Yāni pañcindriyāni rūpāni, idaṃ rūpaṃ. Tadubhayaṃ nāmarūpaṃ viññāṇasampayuttaṃ tassa nirodhaṃ bhagavantaṃ pucchanto āyasmā ajito pārāyane evamāha –
219'慧与念,以及名色,亲爱的贤友;
‘‘Paññā ceva sati ca, nāmarūpañca mārisa;
220“你被问了,请告诉我,它在何处灭尽?”
Etaṃ me puṭṭho pabrūhi, katthetaṃ uparujjhatī’’ti.
221其中,念与慧是四根:念是两根——念根与定根;慧是两根——慧根与精进根。对于这四根的信赖与确信,这就是信根。其中,那种以信为主导的心一境性,这就是欲定。在得定的心中,由于烦恼被镇伏的作用,或者通过思择的力量,或者通过修习的力量,这就是精勤。其中,那些出入息、寻、伺、想、受、意念倾向,这些就是行。如此,前面的欲定、由于烦恼被镇伏作用的精勤、以及这些行,两者合起来,他修习具足欲定、精勤、行的神足,依于远离、依于离欲、依于息灭、转向舍弃。其中,那种以精进为主导的心一境性,这就是勤定……其中,那种以心为主导的心一境性,这就是心定……其中,那种以观为主导的心一境性,这就是观定。在得定的心中,由于烦恼被镇伏的作用,或者通过思择的力量,或者通过修习的力量,这就是精勤。其中,那些出入息、寻、伺、想、受、意念倾向,这些就是行。如此,前面的观定、由于烦恼被镇伏作用的精勤、以及这些行,两者合起来,他修习具足观定、精勤、行的神足,依于远离、依于离欲、依于息灭、转向舍弃。
Tattha sati ca paññā ca cattāri indriyāni, sati dve indriyāni satindriyañca samādhindriyañca, paññā dve indriyāni paññindriyañca vīriyindriyañca. Yā imesu catūsu indriyesu saddahanā okappanā, idaṃ saddhindriyaṃ. Tattha yā saddhādhipateyyā cittekaggatā, ayaṃ chandasamādhi. Samāhite citte kilesānaṃ vikkhambhanatāya paṭisaṅkhānabalena vā bhāvanābalena vā, idaṃ pahānaṃ. Tattha ye assāsapassāsā vitakkavicārā saññāvedayitā sarasaṅkappā, ime saṅkhārā. Iti purimako ca chandasamādhi, kilesavikkhambhanatāya ca pahānaṃ ime ca saṅkhārā, tadubhayaṃ chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmiṃ. Tattha yā vīriyādhipateyyā cittekaggatā, ayaṃ vīriyasamādhi…pe… tattha yā cittādhipateyyā cittekaggatā, ayaṃ cittasamādhi…pe… tattha yā vīmaṃsādhipateyyā cittekaggatā, ayaṃ vīmaṃsāsamādhi. Samāhite citte kilesānaṃ vikkhambhanatāya paṭisaṅkhānabalena vā bhāvanābalena vā, idaṃ pahānaṃ. Tattha ye assāsapassāsā vitakkavicārā saññāvedayitā sarasaṅkappā, ime saṅkhārā. Iti purimako ca vīmaṃsāsamādhi, kilesavikkhambhanatāya ca pahānaṃ ime ca saṅkhārā, tadubhayaṃ vīmaṃsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṃ iddhipādaṃ bhāveti vivekanissitaṃ virāganissitaṃ nirodhanissitaṃ vossaggapariṇāmiṃ.
14一切定,都以智为根本,以智为前导,以智随转。
Sabbo samādhi ñāṇamūlako ñāṇapubbaṅgamo ñāṇānuparivatti.
223正如从前,也如以后;正如以后,也如从前。
Yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure;
224正如白天,也如夜晚;正如夜晚,也如白天。
Yathā divā tathā rattiṃ , yathā rattiṃ tathā divā.
225就这样,他以敞开、没有遮蔽的心,修习具足光明的心。五根(信、精进、念、定、慧)是善的,与心相随的,当心生起时它们生起,当心息灭时它们息灭。而名色是以识为因、依识为缘而生起的;它的因被圣道切断了,识没有滋养、没有欢喜、不再结生,它就息灭了。名色也因为没有因、没有缘,不再产生新的再生。就这样,由于识的息灭,慧、念以及名色都息灭了。因此世尊说:
Iti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṃ cittaṃ bhāveti. Pañcindriyāni kusalāni cittasahabhūni citte uppajjamāne uppajjanti, citte nirujjhamāne nirujjhanti. Nāmarūpañca viññāṇahetukaṃ viññāṇapaccayā nibbattaṃ, tassa maggena hetu upacchinno, viññāṇaṃ anāhāraṃ anabhinanditaṃ appaṭisandhikaṃ taṃ nirujjhati. Nāmarūpamapi ahetu appaccayaṃ punabbhavaṃ na nibbattayati . Evaṃ viññāṇassa nirodhā paññā ca sati ca nāmarūpañca nirujjhati. Tenāha bhagavā –
226“你问的这个问题,阿耆多,我告诉你:”
‘‘Yametaṃ pañhaṃ apucchi, ajita taṃ vadāmi te;
227名和色在那里无余灭尽;
Yattha nāmañca rūpañca, asesaṃ uparujjhati;
228由于识的灭,它就在那里灭尽。
Viññāṇassa nirodhena, etthetaṃ uparujjhatī’’ti.
229“那些已彻知诸法的人,”——这是可敬的阿耆多所说——
‘‘Ye ca saṅkhātadhammāse, [iccāyasmā ajito]
230“以及这里众多的有学们;
Ye ca sekkhā puthū idha;
231他们各自有什么样的行持,请您这位智者、长者,在被问后为我说明吧。”
Tesaṃ me nipako iriyaṃ, puṭṭho pabrūhi mārisā’’ti.
15这被问到的三句话,就是三个问题。问的是什么?是关于结合了以观为先导的断除,来分辨无学与有学。因为他是这样说的:“那些已彻知诸法的人”是在问阿拉汉果;“以及这里众多的有学们”是在问有学;“他们各自有什么样的行持,请您这位智者、长者,在被问后为我说明吧”是在问以观为先导的断除。
Imāni tīṇi padāni pucchitāni, te tayo pañhā. Kissa? Sekhāsekhavipassanāpubbaṅgamappahānayogena, evañhi āha. ‘‘Ye ca saṅkhātadhammāse’’ti arahattaṃ pucchati, ‘‘ye ca sekhā puthū idhā’’ti sekhaṃ pucchati, ‘‘tesaṃ me nipako iriyaṃ, puṭṭho pabrūhi mārisā’’ti vipassanāpubbaṅgamaṃ pahānaṃ pucchati.
233其中,回答是——
Tattha visajjanā –
234在此,解答──
Tattha visajjanā –
235“对于感官欲乐,他应不贪求,”——这是世尊对阿耆多所说——
‘‘Kāmesu nābhigijjheyya, [ajitāti bhagavā]
236应以心不混乱;
Manasānāvilo siyā;
237比丘应善巧一切法,具念而游方。
Kusalo sabbadhammānaṃ, sato bhikkhu paribbaje’’ti.
238世尊的一切身业都以智慧为先导、以智慧为随转;一切语业都以智慧为先导、以智慧为随转;一切意业都以智慧为先导、以智慧为随转。在过去的部分,他的智见没有障碍;在未来的部分,他的智见没有障碍;在现在的部分,他的智见没有障碍。
Bhagavato sabbaṃ kāyakammaṃ ñāṇapubbaṅgamaṃ ñāṇānuparivatti, sabbaṃ vacīkammaṃ ñāṇapubbaṅgamaṃ ñāṇānuparivatti, sabbaṃ manokammaṃ ñāṇapubbaṅgamaṃ ñāṇānuparivatti. Atīte aṃse appaṭihatañāṇadassanaṃ, anāgate aṃse appaṭihatañāṇadassanaṃ, paccuppanne aṃse appaṭihatañāṇadassanaṃ.
239什么是智见的障碍呢?对于无常、苦、无我的无知与不见,这就是智见的障碍。好比这里有个人能看到星星的形状,却不能通过计数的约定来了解它们,这就是智见的障碍。
Ko ca ñāṇadassanassa paṭighāto? Yaṃ anicce dukkhe anattani ca aññāṇaṃ adassanaṃ, ayaṃ ñāṇadassanassa paṭighāto. Yathā idha puriso tārakarūpāni passeyya, no ca gaṇanasaṅketena jāneyya, ayaṃ ñāṇadassanassa paṭighāto.
240而世尊则拥有无障碍的智见,因为诸佛世尊是智见无所遮蔽的。在这里,有学比丘应当在两种法上守护心:对于会引发贪染的法,防护贪着;对于会生起烦恼的法,防护嗔怒。对于那种欲望、迷恋、渴求、喜爱、玩乐,世尊为了制止它而这样说:'不该在欲乐上贪求。'
Bhagavato pana appaṭihatañāṇadassanaṃ, anāvaraṇañāṇadassanā hi buddhā bhagavanto. Tattha sekhena dvīsu dhammesu cittaṃ rakkhitabbaṃ gedhā ca rajanīyesu dhammesu, dosā ca pariyuṭṭhānīyesu. Tattha yā icchā mucchā patthanā piyāyanā kīḷanā, taṃ bhagavā nivārento evamāha ‘‘kāmesu nābhigijjheyyā’’ti.
241'应让心意无浊',这是说要断除烦恼的现起。确实如此,有学比丘如果贪求,就会让尚未生起的烦恼生起,并让已经生起的烦恼增长。而那个心意无浊、不贪求且努力的人,为了不让未生起的恶、不善法生起,他会激发意愿、努力、精进、策励心、勤奋;为了断除已生起的恶、不善法,他会激发意愿、努力、精进、策励心、勤奋;为了让未生起的善法生起,他会激发意愿、努力、精进、策励心、勤奋;为了让已生起的善法安住、不遗失、增长、广大、修习、圆满,他会激发意愿、努力、精进、策励心、勤奋。
‘‘Manasānāvilo siyā’’ti pariyuṭṭhānavighātaṃ āha. Tathā hi sekho abhigijjhanto asamuppannañca kilesaṃ uppādeti, uppannañca kilesaṃ phātiṃ karoti. Yo pana anāvilasaṅkappo anabhigijjhanto vāyamati, so anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. So uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. So anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. So uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati.
16什么是还没生起的恶不善法?贪欲思惟、嗔恚思惟、伤害思惟——这些就是还没生起的恶不善法。什么是已经生起的恶不善法?随眠和恶不善根——这些就是已经生起的恶不善法。什么是还没生起的善法?入流者所具的那些根——这些就是还没生起的善法。什么是已经生起的善法?第八心位者所具的那些根——这些就是已经生起的善法。
Katame anuppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā? Kāmavitakko byāpādavitakko vihiṃsāvitakko, ime anuppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā. Katame uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā? Anusayā akusalamūlāni, ime uppannā pāpakā akusalā dhammā. Katame anuppannā kusalā dhammā? Yāni sotāpannassa indriyāni, ime anuppannā kusalā dhammā. Katame uppannā kusalā dhammā? Yāni aṭṭhamakassa indriyāni, ime uppannā kusalā dhammā.
243用来制止贪欲思惟的那一个,这就是念根。用来制止嗔恚思惟的那一个,这就是定根。用来制止伤害思惟的那一个,这就是精进根。
Yena kāmavitakkaṃ vāreti, idaṃ satindriyaṃ. Yena byāpādavitakkaṃ vāreti, idaṃ samādhindriyaṃ. Yena vihiṃsāvitakkaṃ vāreti, idaṃ vīriyindriyaṃ.
244用来对一再生起的恶不善法予以断除、驱散、消灭、令其不再出现、不再忍受的那一个,这就是慧根。对这四根所怀有的信解与安住,这就是信根。
Yena uppannuppanne pāpake akusale dhamme pajahati vinodeti byantīkaroti anabhāvaṃ gameti nādhivāseti, idaṃ paññindriyaṃ. Yā imesu catūsu indriyesu saddahanā okappanā, idaṃ saddhindriyaṃ.
245在这里,信根应在何处看见?应在四种入流支中看见。精进根应在何处看见?应在四种正勤中看见。念根应在何处看见?应在四种念处中看见。定根应在何处看见?应在四种禅那中看见。慧根应在何处看见?应在四种圣谛中看见。世尊就是这样以无浊之心,把有学比丘经由一切善法而不放逸的道理讲了出来。因此,世尊说:‘以心无浑浊’。
Tattha saddhindriyaṃ kattha daṭṭhabbaṃ? Catūsu sotāpattiyaṅgesu. Vīriyindriyaṃ kattha daṭṭhabbaṃ? Catūsu sammappadhānesu. Satindriyaṃ kattha daṭṭhabbaṃ? Catūsu satipaṭṭhānesu. Samādhindriyaṃ kattha daṭṭhabbaṃ? Catūsu jhānesu. Paññindriyaṃ kattha daṭṭhabbaṃ? Catūsu ariyasaccesu. Evaṃ sekho sabbehi kusalehi dhammehi appamatto vutto bhagavatā anāvilatāya manasā. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘manasānāvilosiyā’’ti.
17所谓‘于一切法善巧’,‘世界’有三种:烦恼世界、有世界、根世界。在这当中,由烦恼世界而有世界得以生起,那有世界又产生出诸根,当诸根被修习时,便有了对所引导之法的遍知。这种遍知应当以两种方式进行审察:见遍知和修遍知。因为有学比丘圆满了知所应知之时,便以伴随厌离的想与作意,遍知了所引导的法。他的两种法到达了善巧——见善巧和修善巧。
‘‘Kusalo sabbadhammāna’’nti loko nāma tividho kilesaloko bhavaloko indriyaloko. Tattha kilesalokena bhavaloko samudāgacchati, so indriyāni nibbatteti, indriyesu bhāviyamānesu neyyassa pariññā bhavati. Sā duvidhena upaparikkhitabbā dassanapariññāya ca bhāvanāpariññāya ca. Yadā hi sekho ñeyyaṃ parijānāti, tadā nibbidāsahagatehi saññāmanasikārehi neyyaṃ pariññātaṃ bhavati. Tassa dve dhammā kosallaṃ gacchanti – dassanakosallañca bhāvanākosallañca.
247那种智应以五种方式来了解:证智、遍智、断除、修习、作证。在这里,什么是证智?对于诸法自相的了知,以及法的无碍解和义的无碍解,这就是证智。
Taṃ ñāṇaṃ pañcavidhena veditabbaṃः abhiññā pariññā pahānaṃ bhāvanā sacchikiriyā. Tattha katamā abhiññā? Yaṃ dhammānaṃ salakkhaṇe ñāṇaṃ dhammapaṭisambhidā ca atthapaṭisambhidā ca, ayaṃ abhiññā.
248在那之中,什么是遍知呢?这样知道以后的那种圆满了解——'这是善的,这是不善的,这是有过的,这是无过的,这是黑的,这是白的,这是应该亲近的,这是不应该亲近的,这些法是这样被把握的,它们产生这种果报;对于那些被这样把握的法来说,这就是它们的义理'——这就是遍知。
Tattha katamā pariññā? Evaṃ abhijānitvā yā parijānanā ‘‘idaṃ kusalaṃ, idaṃ akusalaṃ, idaṃ sāvajjaṃ, idaṃ anavajjaṃ, idaṃ kaṇhaṃ, idaṃ sukkaṃ, idaṃ sevitabbaṃ, idaṃ na sevitabbaṃ, ime dhammā evaṃgahitā, idaṃ phalaṃ nibbattenti , tesaṃ evaṃgahitānaṃ ayaṃ attho’’ti, ayaṃ pariññā.
249这样遍知以后,有三种法剩下来,就是应该舍断的、应该修习的,和应该证得的。在那之中,什么法应该舍断?那些不善的法。在那之中,什么法应该修习?那些善的法。在那之中,什么法应该证得?无为法。谁这样知道,这个人就被称为:义理善巧者、法善巧者、善性善巧者、果报善巧者,有利益的善巧者、无利益的善巧者、方法的善巧者,具足大善巧的人。因此,世尊说:'于一切法善巧。'
Evaṃ parijānitvā tayo dhammā avasiṭṭhā bhavanti pahātabbā bhāvetabbā sacchikātabbā ca. Tattha katame dhammā pahātabbā? Ye akusalā. Tattha katame dhammā bhāvetabbā? Ye kusalā. Tattha katame dhammā sacchikātabbā? Yaṃ asaṅkhataṃ. Yo evaṃ jānāti ayaṃ vuccati atthakusalo dhammakusalo kalyāṇatākusalo phalatākusalo, āyakusalo apāyakusalo upāyakusalo mahatā kosallena samannāgatoti, tenāha bhagavā ‘‘kusalo sabbadhammāna’’nti.
250'具念的比丘应游行'——这句话的意思是,为了现法乐住的目的,在前进时、返回时,向前看时、向旁看时,弯曲肢体时、伸展肢体时,执持桑喀帝、钵、衣时,在吃、喝、嚼食、尝味时,在大便、小便时,在行走时、站立时、坐着时、睡着时、醒着时、说话时、沉默时,都应该以念和正知来安住。这两种行处是世尊所许可的:一种是已经清净者的,一种是正在清净者的。谁是已经清净者?阿拉汉。谁是正在清净者?有学。因为阿拉汉的诸根已经是所作已办的。至于觉了,它有四种:以对苦的遍知通达、以对集因的舍断通达、以对道的修习通达、以对灭的证得通达——这是四种觉了。谁这样知道,这个人就被称为:具念地前进、具念地返回,为了贪的灭尽、为了嗔的灭尽、为了痴的灭尽。因此世尊说:'具念的比丘应游行。'因此说:
‘‘Sato bhikkhu paribbaje’’ti tena diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāratthaṃ abhikkante paṭikkante ālokite vilokite samiñjite pasārite saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇe asite pīte khāyite sāyite uccārapassāvakamme gate ṭhite nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuṇhibhāve satena sampajānena vihātabbaṃ. Imā dve cariyā anuññātā bhagavatā ekā visuddhānaṃ, ekā visujjhantānaṃ. Ke visuddhā? Arahanto. Ke visujjhantā? Sekkhā. Katakiccāni hi arahato indriyāni. Yaṃ bojjhaṃ, taṃ catubbidhaṃ dukkhassa pariññābhisamayena samudayassa pahānābhisamayena maggassa bhāvanābhisamayena nirodhassa sacchikiriyābhisamayena, idaṃ catubbidhaṃ bojjhaṃ yo evaṃ jānāti, ayaṃ vuccati sato abhikkamati sato paṭikkamati khayā rāgassa khayā dosassa khayā mohassa. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘sato bhikkhu paribbaje’’ti, tenāha –
251'对于诸欲不应贪着,阿耆多啊!'世尊说,
‘‘Kāmesu nābhigijjheyya, [ajitāti bhagavā]
252'心意不应浑浊;',
Manasānāvilo siyā;
253心不应混乱;
Manasānāvilo siyā;
254'于一切法善巧,具念的比丘应游行。'
Kusalo sabbadhammānaṃ, sato bhikkhu paribbaje’’ti.
255应这样问,应这样答。经的结颂,在义理和文句上都要对应得上。因为,文句一旦离开义理,就成了废话。词句安立得不当,义理也难以把握,所以应当以义理和文句相配的方式来结集并持诵。而且,应当审察经典:这部经是直说的话,还是需要关联语境的话?是已了义,还是不了义?属于杂染部分、觉悟部分,还是无学部分?这部经的一切真谛,应从哪里见到——在开头、中间还是结尾?应当这样审察经典。因此,大迦旃延尊者说:“所问与所答,以及经的结颂。”
Evaṃ pucchitabbaṃ, evaṃ visajjitabbaṃ. Suttassa ca anugīti atthato ca byañjanato ca samānetabbā . Atthāpagataṃ hi byañjanaṃ samphappalāpaṃ bhavati. Dunnikkhittassa padabyañjanassa atthopi dunnayo bhavati, tasmā atthabyañjanūpetaṃ saṅgāyitabbaṃ. Suttañca pavicinitabbaṃ. Kiṃ idaṃ suttaṃ āhacca vacanaṃ anusandhivacanaṃ nītatthaṃ neyyatthaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ asekkhabhāgiyaṃ? Kuhiṃ imassa suttassa sabbāni saccāni passitabbāni, ādimajjhapariyosāneti? Evaṃ suttaṃ pavicetabbaṃ. Tenāha āyasmā mahākaccāyano – ‘‘yaṃ pucchitañca vissajjitañca, suttassa yā ca anugītī’’ti.
256相应抉择线
Niyutto vicayo hāro.
2573. 理趣线分别
3. Yuttihāravibhaṅgo
18其中,什么是‘相应摄’?‘属于一切摄’,这就是相应摄。它把什么连接起来?四大教示——佛的教示、僧团的教示、众多长老的教示、一位长老的教示。这四大教示的词句,应导入经典,应在律中对照展示,应在法性上安立。
Tattha katamo yuttihāro? ‘‘Sabbesaṃ hārāna’’nti, ayaṃ yuttihāro. Kiṃ yojayati ? Cattāro mahāpadesā buddhāpadeso saṅghāpadeso sambahulattherāpadeso ekattherāpadeso. Ime cattāro mahāpadesā, tāni padabyañjanāni sutte otārayitabbāni, vinaye sandassayitabbāni, dhammatāyaṃ upanikkhipitabbāni.
259应导入哪一经典?四圣谛。应在哪一律中对照展示?在调伏贪、调伏嗔、调伏痴的律中。应在哪一法性上安立?缘起。如果能进入四圣谛,能在烦恼的调伏中展示出来,并且不违背法性,这样就不会产生诸漏。与四大教示相合——无论与哪一个相合、以哪种方式相合、怎样相合——都应采纳。
Katamasmiṃ sutte otārayitabbāni? Catūsu ariyasaccesu. Katamasmiṃ vinaye sandassayitabbāni? Rāgavinaye dosavinaye mohavinaye. Katamissaṃ dhammatāyaṃ upanikkhipitabbāni? Paṭiccasamuppāde. Yadi catūsu ariyasaccesu avatarati, kilesavinaye sandissati , dhammatañca na vilometi, evaṃ āsave na janeti. Catūhi mahāpadesehi yaṃ yaṃ yujjati, yena yena yujjati, yathā yathā yujjati, taṃ taṃ gahetabbaṃ.
19发问时,对于问题应当逐词深入审察:如果所有的词句都表达同一个意义,这就是一个问题;如果四个词句表达同一个意义,这也就是一个问题;如果三个词句表达同一个意义,这也就是一个问题;如果两个词句表达同一个意义,这也就是一个问题;如果一个词句表达一个意义,这也还是一个同样的问题。这样审察时,应当知道:这些法是意义各自不同、文句也各自不同,还是意义相同,只是文句不同?举个例子,就像那位天神向世尊提问那样。
Pañhaṃ pucchitena kati padāni pañheti padaso pariyogāhitabbaṃ vicetabbaṃ? Yadi sabbāni padāni ekaṃ atthaṃ abhivadanti, eko pañho. Atha cattāri padāni ekaṃ atthaṃ abhivadanti, eko pañho. Atha tīṇi padāni ekaṃ atthaṃ abhivadanti, eko pañho. Atha dve padāni ekaṃ atthaṃ abhivadanti, eko pañho. Atha ekaṃ padaṃ ekaṃ atthaṃ abhivadati, eko pañho. Taṃ upaparikkhamānena aññātabbaṃ kiṃ ime dhammā nānatthā nānābyañjanā, udāhu imesaṃ dhammānaṃ eko attho byañjanameva nānanti. Yathā kiṃ bhave? Yathā sā devatā bhagavantaṃ pañhaṃ pucchati.
261“世界被什么遮蔽?被什么包围?
‘‘Kenassubbhāhato loko, kenassu parivārito;
262被什么箭刺穿?又总被什么熏灼?”
Kena sallena otiṇṇo, kissa dhūpāyito sadā’’ti.
263这四个句子被提出作为问题。那三个问题是如何被理解的?世尊其实是为天神作了解答。
Imāni cattāri padāni pucchitāni. Te tayo pañhā kathaṃ ñāyati? Bhagavā hi devatāya visajjeti.
264‘世间被死亡压倒,被衰老团团包围;
‘‘Maccunābbhāhato loko, jarāya parivārito;
265被渴爱之箭射穿,恒常被欲望的烟所熏。’
Taṇhāsallena otiṇṇo, icchādhūpāyito sadā’’ti.
20其中,衰老与死亡这两者,是有为法的有为特征。衰老是住立者的变异性,死亡就是坏灭。但在衰老与死亡之间,意义上是有差别的。原因何在?因为母胎中的众生也会死去,但他们并没有衰老。诸天也有死亡,但他们的身体并不衰败。对衰老或许还可以设法补救,但对死亡却无法补救,除非是在有神通者的神通范围之内。至于那句‘被渴爱之箭射穿’,可以看到离欲者也会衰老,也会死亡。如果衰老和死亡是什么样,渴爱也一定是什么样——真要是这样,那所有处在青春阶段的人都应该没有渴爱了。反之,如果像渴爱是苦的集起那样,衰老和死亡也应当是苦的集起;但实际上,衰老和死亡并不是苦的集起,渴爱才是苦的集起。再者,如果像渴爱是道所断那样,衰老和死亡也应当是道所断。应当依循这样的理路,从彼此相关的种种理由去探寻。如果发现某种说法在理路上说得通,但在意义上还存在差异,那么也应当从文句上去进一步探寻。
Tattha jarā ca maraṇañca imāni dve saṅkhatassa saṅkhatalakkhaṇāni. Jarāyaṃ ṭhitassa aññathattaṃ, maraṇaṃ vayo. Tattha jarāya ca maraṇassa ca atthato nānattaṃ. Kena kāraṇena, gabbhagatāpi hi mīyanti, na ca te jiṇṇā bhavanti. Atthi ca devānaṃ maraṇaṃ, na ca tesaṃ sarīrāni jīranti. Sakkateva jarāya paṭikammaṃ kātuṃ, na pana sakkate maraṇassa paṭikammaṃ kātuṃ aññatreva iddhimantānaṃ iddhivisayā. Yaṃ panāha taṇhāsallena otiṇṇoti dissanti vītarāgā jīrantāpi mīyantāpi. Yadi ca yathā jarāmaraṇaṃ, evaṃ taṇhāpi siyā. Evaṃ sante sabbe yobbanaṭṭhāpi vigatataṇhā siyuṃ. Yathā ca taṇhā dukkhassa samudayo, evaṃ jarāmaraṇampi siyā dukkhassa samudayo, na ca siyā taṇhā dukkhassa samudayo, na hi jarāmaraṇaṃ dukkhassa samudayo, taṇhā dukkhassa samudayo. Yathā ca taṇhā maggavajjhā, evaṃ jarāmaraṇampi siyā maggavajjhaṃ. Imāya yuttiyā aññamaññehi kāraṇehi gavesitabbaṃ. Yadi ca sandissati yuttisamārūḷhaṃ atthato ca aññattaṃ, byañjanatopi gavesitabbaṃ.
267无论是说‘箭’,还是说‘烟熏’,这些法在意义上都是同一的。因为欲望与渴爱在意义上不可能有差别。当渴爱的意图得不到满足时,就会在九种瞋怒事上生起忿与恨。依照这个理路可知,衰老、死亡与渴爱在意义上是有差别的。
Salloti vā dhūpāyananti vā imesaṃ dhammānaṃ atthato ekattaṃ. Na hi yujjati icchāya ca taṇhāya ca atthato aññattaṃ. Taṇhāya adhippāye aparipūramāne navasu āghātavatthūsu kodho ca upanāho ca uppajjati. Imāya yuttiyā jarāya ca maraṇassa ca taṇhāya ca atthato aññattaṃ.
268然而,世尊这里用两个名称来称说——既叫‘欲望’也叫‘渴爱’,这是世尊基于对外在事物的所缘,而用两个名称来称说为‘欲望’与‘渴爱’。其实,一切渴爱都以‘执取’为其特征,是同一特征。就比如一切火都以‘热性’为其特征,是同一特征;但根据所依燃料的差别,它却得到了各种不同的名称:木柴火、草火、柴爿火、牛粪火、谷壳火、垃圾火——归根究底,一切火都有热性的特征。同样地,一切渴爱都以执取的特征而成为同一特征;但根据所缘、所依的差别,它被用各种不同的名称来称说:欲望、渴爱、箭、烟熏、流、黏着、爱著、疲累、蔓、妄想、结、希望、渴求、欢喜——像这样,一切渴爱都以执取的特征而成为同一特征。正如在同义词中所说的那样。
Yaṃ panidaṃ bhagavatā dvīhi nāmehi abhilapitaṃ icchātipi taṇhātipi, idaṃ bhagavatā bāhirānaṃ vatthūnaṃ ārammaṇavasena dvīhi nāmehi abhilapitaṃ icchātipi taṇhātipi, sabbā hi taṇhā ajjhosānalakkhaṇena ekalakkhaṇā. Yathā sabbo aggi uṇhattalakkhaṇena ekalakkhaṇo, api ca upādānavasena aññamaññāni nāmāni labhati, kaṭṭhaggītipi tiṇaggītipi sakalikaggītipi gomayaggītipi thusaggītipi saṅkāraggītipi, sabbo hi aggi uṇhattalakkhaṇova. Evaṃ sabbā taṇhā ajjhosānalakkhaṇena ekalakkhaṇā , api tu ārammaṇaupādānavasena aññamaññehi nāmehi abhilapitā icchāitipi taṇhāitipi salloitipi dhūpāyanāitipi saritāitipi visattikāitipi sinehoitipi kilamathoitipi latāitipi maññanāitipi bandhoitipi āsāitipi pipāsāitipi abhinandanāitipi, iti sabbā taṇhā ajjhosānalakkhaṇena ekalakkhaṇā. Yathā ca vevacane vuttā.
269渴望、贪求、喜悦, 以及安住在种种要素中的执著—— 这些由无明为根本而生起的种种欲求, 全都被我彻底灭除, 连同其根一起。
‘‘Āsā ca pihā abhinandanā ca, anekadhātūsu sarā patiṭṭhitā;
270「以无明为根源而生起的戏论,全部都被我连根拔除了。」
Aññāṇamūlappabhavā pajappitā, sabbā mayā byantikatā samūlakā’’ti .
271这是渴爱的同义词。正如世尊所说:'对于色,若某人的贪未离、欲未离、爱未离、渴求未离、热恼未离……' 受、想、行、识也是如此。整部经文应如此广说。这是渴爱的同义词。这样是合理的。
Taṇhāyetaṃ vevacanaṃ. Yathāha bhagavā – rūpe tissa avigatarāgassa avigatacchandassa avigatapemassa avigatapipāsassa avigatapariḷāhassa. Evaṃ vedanāya saññāya saṅkhāresu viññāṇe avigatarāgassa avigatacchandassa avigatapemassa avigatapipāsassa avigatapariḷāhassa sabbaṃ suttaṃ vitthāretabbaṃ. Taṇhāyetaṃ vevacanaṃ. Evaṃ yujjati.
21一切苦的逼迫都以欲爱行为为根本,但如果认为一切厌离的逼迫都以欲爱资具为根本,那就不合理了。应当用这个道理,从彼此关联的种种因由中去探究。
Sabbo dukkhūpacāro kāmataṇhāsaṅkhāramūlako, na pana yujjati sabbo nibbidūpacāro kāmataṇhāparikkhāramūlako. Imāya yuttiyā aññamaññehi kāraṇehi gavesitabbaṃ.
273正如世尊对贪行的人教导不净,对嗔行的人教导慈心,对痴行的人教导缘起。假如世尊对贪行的人教导慈心解脱,或者教导乐行道钝根、乐行道利根,或者以观为先行进行断除,那说法就不相应。因此,凡是能随顺贪的断除、随顺嗔的断除、随顺痴的断除的一切法,都应该先用观察之纲审察,再用理趣之纲来连接。这就是智的范围。
Yathā hi bhagavā rāgacaritassa puggalassa asubhaṃ desayati, dosacaritassa bhagavā puggalassa mettaṃ desayati. Mohacaritassa bhagavā puggalassa paṭiccasamuppādaṃ desayati. Yadi hi bhagavā rāgacaritassa puggalassa mettaṃ cetovimuttiṃ deseyya. Sukhaṃ vā paṭipadaṃ dandhābhiññaṃ sukhaṃ vā paṭipadaṃ khippābhiññaṃ vipassanāpubbaṅgamaṃ vā pahānaṃ deseyya, na yujjati desanā. Evaṃ yaṃ kiñci rāgassa anulomappahānaṃ dosassa anulomappahānaṃ mohassa anulomappahānaṃ. Sabbaṃ taṃ vicayena hārena vicinitvā yuttihārena yojetabbaṃ. Yāvatikā ñāṇassa bhūmi.
274「住于慈的具念者,嗔恚将占据心」,不相应教导;「嗔恚的断达到内部」,相应教导。「住于悲的具念者,加害将占据心」,不相应教导;「加害的断达到内部」,相应教导。「住于喜的具念者,不喜将占据心」,不相应教导;「不喜的断达到内部」,相应教导。「住于舍的具念者,贪将占据心」,不相应教导;「贪的断达到内部」,相应教导。「住于无相的具念者,随逐相,识以此或彼而转起」,不相应教导;「相的断达到内部」,相应教导。「『我是』已灭,我不随观『这是我,我是』,然而『于何处?为何?』疑、疑惑之刺将占据心」,不相应教导;「疑、疑惑之刺的断达到内部」,相应教导。
Mettāvihārissa sato byāpādo cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatīti na yujjati desanā, byāpādo pahānaṃ abbhatthaṃ gacchatīti yujjati desanā. Karuṇāvihārissa sato vihesā cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatīti na yujjati desanā, vihesā pahānaṃ abbhatthaṃ gacchatīti yujjati desanā. Muditā vihārissa sato arati cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatīti na yujjati desanā, arati pahānaṃ abbhatthaṃ gacchatīti yujjati desanā. Upekkhāvihārissa sato rāgo cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatīti na yujjati desanā, rāgo pahānaṃ abbhatthaṃ gacchatīti yujjati desanā. Animittavihārissa sato nimittānusārī tena teneva viññāṇaṃ pavattatīti na yujjati desanā , nimittaṃ pahānaṃ abbhatthaṃ gacchatīti yujjati desanā. Asmīti vigataṃ ayamahamasmīti na samanupassāmi. Atha ca pana me kismīti kathasmīti vicikicchā kathaṃkathāsallaṃ cittaṃ pariyādāya ṭhassatīti na yujjati desanā, vicikicchā kathaṃkathāsallaṃ pahānaṃ abbhatthaṃ gacchatīti yujjati desanā.
275又或者,对于已进入初禅的人来说,那些与欲贪、瞋恚相关的念头转为殊胜,这种说法是不合理的;说它们转为退减,这才合理。而那些伴随着寻想与注意的寻,说它们转为退减是不合理的,说它们转为殊胜,这才合理。对于已进入第二禅的人来说,伴随着寻与伺的想与注意,说它们转为殊胜是不合理的,说它们转为退减,这才合理。而那些伴随着舍与乐的想与注意,说它们转为退减是不合理的,说它们转为殊胜,这才合理。对于已进入第三禅的人来说,伴随着喜与乐的想与注意,说它们转为殊胜是不合理的,说它们转为退减,这才合理;而那些伴随着舍、念与清净的想与注意,说它们转为退减是不合理的,说它们转为殊胜,这才合理。对于已进入第四禅的人来说,伴随着舍的想与注意,说它们转为殊胜是不合理的,说它们转为退减,这才合理。而伴随着空无边处相关的想与注意,说它们转为退减是不合理的,说它们转为殊胜,这才合理。
Yathā vā pana paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa sato kāmarāgabyāpādā visesāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, hānāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā. Vitakkasahagatā vā saññāmanasikārā hānāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, visesāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā. Dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa sato vitakkavicārasahagatā saññāmanasikārā visesāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, hānāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā. Upekkhāsukhasahagatā vā saññāmanasikārā hānāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, visesāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā. Tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa sato pītisukhasahagatā saññāmanasikārā visesāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, hānāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā, upekkhāsatipārisuddhisahagatā vā saññāmanasikārā hānāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, visesāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā. Catutthaṃ jhānaṃ samāpannassa sato upekkhāsahagatā saññāmanasikārā visesāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, hānāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā . Ākāsānañcāyatanasahagatā vā saññāmanasikārā hānāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, visesāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā.
276对于已进入空无边处的人来说,伴随着色法的想与注意,说它们转为殊胜是不合理的,说它们转为退减,这才合理。而伴随着识无边处相关的想与注意,说它们转为退减是不合理的,说它们转为殊胜,这才合理。对于已进入识无边处的人来说,伴随着空无边处相关的想与注意,说它们转为殊胜是不合理的,说它们转为退减,这才合理。而伴随着无所有处相关的想与注意,说它们转为退减是不合理的,说它们转为殊胜,这才合理。
Ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ samāpannassa sato rūpasahagatā saññāmanasikārā visesāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, hānāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā. Viññāṇañcāyatanasahagatā vā saññāmanasikārā hānāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, visesāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā. Viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ samāpannassa sato ākāsānañcāyatanasahagatā saññāmanasikārā visesāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, hānāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā. Ākiñcaññāyatanasahagatā vā saññāmanasikārā hānāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, visesāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā.
277对于已进入无所有处的人来说,伴随着识无边处相关的想与注意,说它们转为殊胜是不合理的,说它们转为退减,这才合理。而伴随着非想非非想处相关的想与注意,说它们转为退减是不合理的,说它们转为殊胜,这才合理。对于已进入非想非非想处的人来说,那些接近想的运作,说它们转为殊胜是不合理的,说它们转为退减,这才合理。而伴随着想受灭的想与注意,说它们转为退减是不合理的,说它们转为殊胜,这才合理。说一颗已修习至柔顺的心尚不能堪任转向,这是不合理的;说一颗已修习至柔顺的心此时已能堪任转向,这才合理。
Ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ samāpannassa sato viññāṇañcāyatanasahagatā saññāmanasikārā visesāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, hānāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā. Nevasaññānāsaññāyatanasahagatā vā saññāmanasikārā hānāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, visesāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā. Nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ samāpannassa sato saññūpacārā visesāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, hānāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā. Saññāvedayitanirodhasahagatā vā saññāmanasikārā hānāya saṃvattantīti na yujjati desanā, visesāya saṃvattantīti yujjati desanā. Kallatāparicitaṃ cittaṃ na ca abhinīhāraṃ khamatīti na yujjati desanā, kallatāparicitaṃ cittaṃ atha ca abhinīhāraṃ khamatīti yujjati desanā.
278如此,所有九分教都应当依据法、依据律、依据大师的教诫,以“审察”之项链法从一切方面审察之后,再用“合理”之项链法加以结合。因此,尊者大迦旃延说:“一切项链法的范围与行境……”
Evaṃ sabbe navasuttantā yathādhammaṃ yathāvinayaṃ yathāsatthusāsanaṃ sabbato vicayena hārena vicinitvā yuttihārena yojetabbāti. Tenāha āyasmā mahākaccāyano ‘‘sabbesaṃ hārānaṃ yā bhūmi yo ca gocaro tesa’’nti.
279相应理趣线
Niyutto yutti hāro.
2804. 句处线分别
4. Padaṭṭhānahāravibhaṅgo
22其中,什么是“立足处”项链法?“胜者宣说法”,这就是“立足处”项链法。他宣说什么?不能通达一切法真实性的无明,其特征是不能通达一切法的真实性,它的立足处是颠倒。执取为特征的渴爱,它的立足处是可爱之相、可乐之相。希求为特征的贪,它的立足处是不与取。执取颜色、形状、细节为特征的净想,它的立足处是根律仪。与有漏之触相应为特征的乐想,它的立足处是味。不能如实观察诸有为法之有为特征为特征的常想,它的立足处是识。不能观察无常想、苦想为特征的我想,它的立足处是名身。通达一切法为特征的明,它的立足处是一切所应知。收摄心的散乱为特征的止,它的立足处是不净。收摄对于欲界的欲求为特征的无贪,它的立足处是离不与取。无恼害为特征的无瞋,它的立足处是离杀生。不违逆事物本性为特征的无痴,它的立足处是正行。执取青瘀、肿胀为特征的不净想,它的立足处是厌离。遍知与有漏之触为特征的苦想,它的立足处是受。观察诸有为法之有为特征为特征的无常想,它的立足处是生灭。不执着一切法为特征的无我想,它的立足处是法想。
Tattha katamo padaṭṭhāno hāro? ‘‘Dhammaṃ deseti jino’’ti, ayaṃ padaṭṭhāno hāro. Kiṃ deseti? Sabbadhammayāthāvaasampaṭivedhalakkhaṇā avijjā, tassā vipallāsā padaṭṭhānaṃ. Ajjhosānalakkhaṇā taṇhā, tassā piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Patthanalakkhaṇo lobho, tassa adinnādānaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Vaṇṇasaṇṭhānabyañjanaggahaṇalakkhaṇā subhasaññā, tassā indriyā saṃvaro padaṭṭhānaṃ. Sāsavaphassaupagamanalakkhaṇā sukhasaññā, tassā assādo padaṭṭhānaṃ. Saṅkhatalakkhaṇānaṃ dhammānaṃ asamanupassanalakkhaṇā niccasaññā, tassā viññāṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Aniccasaññādukkhasaññāasamanupassanalakkhaṇā attasaññā, tassā nāmakāyo padaṭṭhānaṃ. Sabbadhammasampaṭivedhalakkhaṇā vijjā, tassā sabbaṃ neyyaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Cittavikkhepapaṭisaṃharaṇalakkhaṇo samatho, tassa asubhā padaṭṭhānaṃ. Icchāvacarapaṭisaṃharaṇalakkhaṇo alobho, tassa adinnādānā veramaṇī padaṭṭhānaṃ. Abyāpajjalakkhaṇo adoso, tassa pāṇātipātā veramaṇī padaṭṭhānaṃ. Vatthuavippaṭipattilakkhaṇo amoho, tassa sammāpaṭipatti padaṭṭhānaṃ. Vinīlakavipubbakagahaṇalakkhaṇā asubhasaññā, tassā nibbidā padaṭṭhānaṃ. Sāsavaphassaparijānanalakkhaṇā dukkhasaññā, tassā vedanā padaṭṭhānaṃ. Saṅkhatalakkhaṇānaṃ dhammānaṃ samanupassanalakkhaṇā aniccasaññā , tassā uppādavayā padaṭṭhānaṃ. Sabbadhammaabhinivesalakkhaṇā anattasaññā, tassā dhammasaññā padaṭṭhānaṃ.
282五欲功德是欲贪的立足处;有色诸根是色贪的立足处;第六处是有贪的立足处;观察转起之有的趋向是五取蕴的立足处;宿命智见的立足处是随念过去生。信的特征是朝向与信解,它的现起是决意;净的特征是不浑浊,它的现起是澄净。信的特征是胜解,它的立足处是绝对净信。净的特征是不浑浊,它的立足处是信。精进的特征是策励,它的立足处是正勤。念的特征是不飘散,它的立足处是念处。定的特征是一境性,它的立足处是诸禅那。慧的特征是了知,它的立足处是诸谛。
Pañca kāmaguṇā kāmarāgassa padaṭṭhānaṃ, pañcindriyāni rūpīni rūparāgassa padaṭṭhānaṃ, chaṭṭhāyatanaṃ bhavarāgassa padaṭṭhānaṃ, nibbattabhavānupassitā pañcannaṃ upādānakkhandhānaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ, pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇadassanassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Okappanalakkhaṇā saddhā adhimuttipaccupaṭṭhānā ca, anāvilalakkhaṇo pasādo sampasīdanapaccupaṭṭhāno ca. Abhipatthiyanalakkhaṇā saddhā, tassā aveccapasādo padaṭṭhānaṃ. Anāvilalakkhaṇo pasādo, tassa saddhā padaṭṭhānaṃ. Ārambhalakkhaṇaṃ vīriyaṃ, tassa sammappadhānaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Apilāpanalakkhaṇā sati, tassā satipaṭṭhānaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Ekaggalakkhaṇo samādhi, tassa jhānāni padaṭṭhānaṃ. Pajānanalakkhaṇā paññā, tassā saccāni padaṭṭhānaṃ.
283另一种方法:以注意乐味为特征,这是不如理作意,它以无明为立足处。以导致对诸谛的迷惑为特征,这是无明,它是诸行的立足处。以促使再生萌芽为特征,这是诸行,它们是识的立足处。以依缘而转起为特征,这是识,它是名色的立足处。以名身和色身的聚合为特征,这是名色,它是六处的立足处。以确立诸根为特征,这是六处,它是触的立足处。以眼、色、识三者和合为特征,这是触,它是受的立足处。以体验可乐、不可乐为特征,这是受,它是渴爱的立足处。以紧紧执取为特征,这是渴爱,它是取的立足处。取是依缘而起的,它是有的立足处。以名身和色身的产生为特征,这是有,它是生的立足处。以诸蕴的显现为特征,这是生,它是老的立足处。以生命基础的成熟衰败为特征,这是老,它是死的立足处。以命根断绝为特征,这是死,它是忧的立足处。忧是引起焦虑不安的,它是悲的立足处。悲是引起哭泣哀嚎的,它是苦的立足处。令身体感到逼迫的是苦,它是忧的立足处。令心感到逼迫的是忧,它是恼的立足处。恼是引起极度沉闷的,它是有(再生)的立足处。当这些有的支分和合而生起时,那就是有,它是轮回的立足处。以导向出离为特征,这是道,它是灭的立足处。
Aparo nayo, assādamanasikāralakkhaṇo ayonisomanasikāro, tassa avijjā padaṭṭhānaṃ. Saccasammohanalakkhaṇā avijjā, sā saṅkhārānaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Punabbhavavirohaṇalakkhaṇā saṅkhārā, te viññāṇassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Opapaccayikanibbattilakkhaṇaṃ viññāṇaṃ, taṃ nāmarūpassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Nāmakāyarūpakāyasaṅghātalakkhaṇaṃ nāmarūpaṃ, taṃ chaḷāyatanassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Indriyavavatthānalakkhaṇaṃ chaḷāyatanaṃ, taṃ phassassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Cakkhurūpaviññāṇasannipātalakkhaṇo phasso, so vedanāya padaṭṭhānaṃ. Iṭṭhāniṭṭhaanubhavanalakkhaṇā vedanā, sā taṇhāya padaṭṭhānaṃ. Ajjhosānalakkhaṇā taṇhā, sā upādānassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Opapaccayikaṃ upādānaṃ, taṃ bhavassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Nāmakāyarūpakāyasambhavanalakkhaṇo bhavo, so jātiyā padaṭṭhānaṃ. Khandhapātubhavanalakkhaṇā jāti, sā jarāya padaṭṭhānaṃ. Upadhiparipākalakkhaṇā jarā, sā maraṇassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Jīvitindriyupacchedalakkhaṇaṃ maraṇaṃ, taṃ sokassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Ussukkakārako soko, so paridevassa padaṭṭhānaṃ . Lālappakārako paridevo, so dukkhassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Kāyasaṃpīḷanaṃ dukkhaṃ, taṃ domanassassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Cittasaṃpīḷanaṃ domanassaṃ, taṃ upāyāsassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Odahanakārako upāyāso, so bhavassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Imāni bhavaṅgāni yadā samaggāni nibbattāni bhavanti so bhavo, taṃ saṃsārassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Niyyānikalakkhaṇo maggo, so nirodhassa padaṭṭhānaṃ.
284辨知场合是辨知饮用量的立足处,辨知饮用量是辨知饱足量的立足处,辨知饱足量是自我认知的立足处,自我认知是过去所累积福德的立足处,过去所累积的福德是居住于适宜地方的立足处,居住于适宜地方是亲近善士的立足处,亲近善士是自我正确立志的立足处,自我正确立志是诸戒的立足处,诸戒是不追悔的立足处,不追悔是喜悦的立足处,喜悦是喜的立足处,喜是轻安的立足处,轻安是乐的立足处,乐是定的立足处,定是如实知见的立足处,如实知见是厌离的立足处,厌离是离欲的立足处,离欲是解脱的立足处。解脱是解脱知见的立足处。就这样,无论是哪种亲近依止,哪种缘,它全都是立足处。因此,尊者大迦旃延说:'胜利者宣说教法。'
Titthaññutā pītaññutāya padaṭṭhānaṃ, pītaññutā pattaññutāya padaṭṭhānaṃ, pattaññutā attaññutāya padaṭṭhānaṃ, attaññutā pubbekatapuññatāya padaṭṭhānaṃ, pubbekatapuññatā patirūpadesavāsassa padaṭṭhānaṃ, patirūpadesavāso sappurisūpanissayassa padaṭṭhānaṃ, sappurisūpanissayo attasammāpaṇidhānassa padaṭṭhānaṃ, attasammāpaṇidhānaṃ sīlānaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ, sīlāni avippaṭisārassa padaṭṭhānaṃ, avippaṭisāro pāmojjassa padaṭṭhānaṃ, pāmojjaṃ pītiyā padaṭṭhānaṃ, pīti passaddhiyā padaṭṭhānaṃ, passaddhi sukhassa padaṭṭhānaṃ, sukhaṃ samādhissa padaṭṭhānaṃ, samādhi yathābhūtañāṇadassanassa padaṭṭhānaṃ, yathābhūtañāṇadassanaṃ nibbidāya padaṭṭhānaṃ, nibbidā virāgassa padaṭṭhānaṃ, virāgo vimuttiyā padaṭṭhānaṃ. Vimutti vimuttiñāṇadassanassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Evaṃ yo koci upanissayo yo koci paccayo, sabbo so padaṭṭhānaṃ. Tenāha āyasmā mahākaccāyano ‘‘dhammaṃ deseti jino’’ti.
285相应句处线
Niyutto padaṭṭhāno hāro.
2865. 相线分别
5. Lakkhaṇahāravibhaṅgo
23其中,什么是'相论'?'当某一法被说',这就是'相论'。它标明什么呢?那些具有同一特征的法,当其中某一法被说出时,其余的法也就被说出了。这如同什么呢?正如世尊所说——
Tattha katamo lakkhaṇo hāro? ‘‘Vuttamhi ekadhamme’’ti, ayaṃ lakkhaṇo hāro. Kiṃ lakkhayati? Ye dhammā ekalakkhaṇā, tesaṃ dhammānaṃ ekasmiṃ dhamme vutte avasiṭṭhā dhammā vuttā bhavanti. Yathā kiṃ bhave? Yathāha bhagavā –
288'比丘们,眼是无常的、短暂的、微小的、易坏的、从另一个角度看是苦的、是灾祸、是动摇、是火坑、是有为法、是杀手、存在于敌人之中。'在这眼被说出时,其余的诸内处也就被说出了。是什么原因呢?因为所有六内处,以'杀手'这个意义来说,具有同一特征。又如世尊所说——
‘‘Cakkhuṃ , bhikkhave, anavaṭṭhitaṃ ittaraṃ parittaṃ pabhaṅgu parato dukkhaṃ byasanaṃ calanaṃ kukkuḷaṃ saṅkhāraṃ vadhakaṃ amittamajjhe. Imasmiṃ cakkhusmiṃ vutte avasiṭṭhāni ajjhattikāni āyatanāni vuttāni bhavanti. Kena kāraṇena? Sabbāni hi cha ajjhattikāni āyatanāni vadhakaṭṭhena ekalakkhaṇāni. Yathā cāha bhagavā –
289'勒达,对于过去的色,你要无所期盼;对于未来的色,不要欢喜;对于现在的色,要为了厌离、离欲、灭尽、舍断、彻底舍弃而实践。'在这色蕴被说出时,其余的诸蕴也就被说出了。是什么原因呢?因为所有五蕴,在《亚摩迦教导经》中,以'杀手'这个意义来说,被宣说为具有同一特征。又如世尊所说——
‘‘Atīte , rādha, rūpe anapekkho hohi, anāgataṃ rūpaṃ mā abhinandi , paccuppannassa rūpassa nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya cāgāya paṭinissaggāya paṭipajja. Imasmiṃ rūpakkhandhe vutte avasiṭṭhā khandhā vuttā bhavanti. Kena kāraṇena? Sabbe hi pañcakkhandhā yamakovādasutte vadhakaṭṭhena ekalakkhaṇā vuttā. Yathā cāha bhagavā –
290'那些善巧地、持续不断地致力于身至念的人……'
‘‘Yesañca susamāraddhā, niccaṃ kāyagatāsati;
291他们不会去做不该做的事,对于该做的事,他们是持续精勤的人。
Akiccaṃ te na sevanti, kicce sātaccakārino’’.
292这样,在讲说身至念的时候,受至念、心至念、法至念也就被讲说了。同样地,在说到“任何被看到的、被听到的、被感觉到的事物”时,被认知到的事物也就被讲说了。正如世尊所说的那样——
Iti kāyagatāya satiyā vuttāya vuttā bhavanti vedanāgatā sati cittagatā dhammagatā ca. Tathā yaṃ kiñci diṭṭhaṃ vā sutaṃ vā mutaṃ vāti vutte vuttaṃ bhavati viññātaṃ. Yathā cāha bhagavā –
293因此,比丘,你要这样安住:在身体上随观身体,精勤、正知、具念,调伏世间中的贪欲和忧恼。这里所说的“精勤”,指的是精进根;所说的“正知”,指的是智慧根;所说的“具念”,指的是念根;所说的“调伏”,指的是定根。当一个人这样在身体上随观身体而安住的时候,四种念处的修习就能达到圆满。是什么原因呢?因为四根有同一个特质。
Tasmātiha tvaṃ bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharāhi ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. ‘‘Ātāpī’’ti vīriyindriyaṃ, ti paññindriyaṃ, ti satindriyaṃ, nti samādhindriyaṃ, evaṃ kāye kāyānupassino viharato cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchanti. Kena kāraṇena, ekalakkhaṇattā catunnaṃ indriyānaṃ.
24当四念处被修习的时候,四正勤的修习就能达到圆满;当四正勤被修习的时候,四神足的修习就能达到圆满;当四神足被修习的时候,五根的修习就能达到圆满;当五根被修习的时候,五力的修习就能达到圆满;当五力被修习的时候,七觉支的修习就能达到圆满;当七觉支被修习的时候,圣八支道的修习就能达到圆满。一切属于觉悟范畴、属于觉悟之助伴的法,其修习都能达到圆满。是什么原因呢?因为所有这些属于觉悟范畴、属于觉悟之助伴的法,都以导向出离的特质,拥有同一个特质。由于它们有同一个特质,所以修习能达到圆满。
Catūsu satipaṭṭhānesu bhāviyamānesu cattāro sammappadhānā bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchanti, catūsu sammappadhānesu bhāviyamānesu cattāro iddhipādā bhāviyamānesu pañcindriyāni bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchanti, catūsu iddhipādesu bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchanti, pañcasu indriyesu bhāviyamānesu pañca balāni bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchanti, pañcasu balesu bhāviyamānesu satta bojjhaṅgā bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchanti, sattasu bojjhaṅgesu bhāviyamānesu ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchati, sabbeva bodhaṅgamā dhammā bodhipakkhiyā bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchanti . Kena kāraṇena, sabbe hi bodhaṅgamā bodhipakkhiyā neyyānikalakkhaṇena ekalakkhaṇā, te ekalakkhaṇattā bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchanti.
295同样地,不善法也因为有同一个特质,能被彻底断除、消失不见。当四念处被修习的时候,种种颠倒想就会被断除,他的种种食会被遍知,对于执取,他会变得无所执取,能从诸结缚中解脱,能从诸系着中脱离,能成为无诸烦恼者,能渡过诸暴流,能拔除诸毒箭,他的种种识住会被遍知,在四种不应行之处,他不会走入不应行。就这样,不善法也因为有同一个特质,能被彻底断除、消失不见。
Evaṃ akusalāpi dhammā ekalakkhaṇattā pahānaṃ abbhatthaṃ gacchanti. Catūsu satipaṭṭhānesu bhāviyamānesu vipallāsā pahīyanti, āhārā cassa pariññaṃ gacchanti, upādānehi anupādāno bhavati, yogehi ca visaṃyutto bhavati, ganthehi ca vippayutto bhavati, āsavehi ca anāsavo bhavati, oghehi ca nitthiṇṇo bhavati, sallehi ca visallo bhavati, viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo cassa pariññaṃ gacchanti, agatigamanehi na agatiṃ gacchati, evaṃ akusalāpi dhammā ekalakkhaṇattā pahānaṃ abbhatthaṃ gacchanti.
296再者,无论在哪里讲说色根,那里就已经讲说了色界、色蕴和色处。无论在哪里讲说乐受,那里就已经讲说了乐根、喜根和苦集圣谛。无论在哪里讲说苦受,那里就已经讲说了苦根、忧根和苦圣谛。无论在哪里讲说不苦不乐受,那里就已经讲说了舍根和整个缘起。是什么原因呢?因为对于不苦不乐受,有无明随眠于其中。以无明为条件,诸行生起;以诸行为条件,识生起;以识为条件,名色生起;以名色为条件,六处生起;以六处为条件,触生起;以触为条件,受生起;以受为条件,爱生起;以爱为条件,取生起;以取为条件,有生起;以有为条件,生生起;以生为条件,老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼就一起生起。这样,这整个纯粹苦蕴的集起就出现了。而这整个纯粹的苦蕴,随着贪、嗔、痴烦恼杂染的部分,是应该被舍弃的;随着离贪、离嗔、离痴的圣法,也是应该被舍弃的。
Yattha vā pana rūpindriyaṃ desitaṃ, desitā tattheva rūpadhātu rūpakkhandho rūpañcāyatanaṃ. Yattha vā pana sukhā vedanā desitā, desitaṃ tattha sukhindriyaṃ somanassindriyaṃ dukkhasamudayo ca ariyasaccaṃ. Yattha vā pana dukkhā vedanā desitā, desitaṃ tattha dukkhindriyaṃ domanassindriyaṃ dukkhañca ariyasaccaṃ. Yattha vā pana adukkhamasukhā vedanā desitā, desitaṃ tattha upekkhindriyaṃ sabbo ca paṭiccasamuppādo. Kena kāraṇena, adukkhamasukhāya hi vedanāya avijjā anuseti. Avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā, saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ, viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṃ, nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṃ, saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso, phassapaccayā vedanā, vedanāpaccayā taṇhā, taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṃ, upādānapaccayā bhavo, bhavapaccayā jāti, jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti, evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti. So ca sarāgasadosasamohasaṃkilesapakkhena hātabbo, vītarāgavītadosavītamohaariyadhammehi hātabbo.
297这样,那些在作用上、特征上、共通性上、投生流转上具有同一征象的法,当其中一个法被说到时,剩下的那些法也就等于被说到了。因此,大迦旃延尊者说:'在一个法被说到时。'
Evaṃ ye dhammā ekalakkhaṇā kiccato ca lakkhaṇato ca sāmaññato ca cutūpapātato ca, tesaṃ dhammānaṃ ekasmiṃ dhamme vutte avasiṭṭhā dhammā vuttā bhavanti. Tenāha āyasmā mahākaccāyano ‘‘vuttamhi ekadhamme’’ti.
298相应相线
Niyutto lakkhaṇo hāro.
2996. 四串连分别
6. Catubyūhahāravibhaṅgo
25其中,什么是'四阵列'的摄法?就是'词源学与意趣'这一项。应通过文句去探求经典的词源、意趣、起源以及前后衔接。其中,什么是词源?就是与词源语句相应的部分,也就是依照名称而对诸法生起的智慧。比丘如果知道义理的名称,也知道法的名称,就能依此安立、引导。这种人被称为:善巧于义理、善巧于法、善巧于文句、善巧于词源、善巧于前后关联、善巧于教说、善巧于过去时的表达方式、善巧于未来时的表达方式、善巧于现在时的表达方式、善巧于阴性表达方式、善巧于阳性表达方式、善巧于中性表达方式、善巧于单数表达方式、善巧于复数表达方式——就像这样,所有的地方用语,以及一切的地方用语表达,都应该这样去掌握。这就是与词源语句相应的部分。
Tattha katamo catubyūho hāro? ‘‘Neruttamadhippāyo’’ti ayaṃ. Byañjanena suttassa neruttañca adhippāyo ca nidānañca pubbāparasandhi ca gavesitabbo . Tattha katamaṃ neruttaṃ, yā niruttipadasaṃhitā, yaṃ dhammānaṃ nāmaso ñāṇaṃ. Yadā hi bhikkhu atthassa ca nāmaṃ jānāti, dhammassa ca nāmaṃ jānāti, tathā tathā naṃ abhiniropeti. Ayañca vuccati atthakusalo dhammakusalo byañjanakusalo niruttikusalo pubbāparakusalo desanākusalo atītādhivacanakusalo anāgatādhivacanakusalo paccuppannādhivacanakusalo itthādhivacanakusalo purisādhivacanakusalo napuṃsakādhivacanakusalo ekādhivacanakusalo anekādhivacanakusalo, evaṃ sabbāni kātabbāni janapadaniruttāni sabbā ca janapadaniruttiyo. Ayaṃ niruttipadasaṃhitā.
26其中,什么是意趣?
Tattha katamo adhippāyo?
302'法确实保护修法者,如同雨季里的一把大伞;
‘‘Dhammo have rakkhati dhammacāriṃ, chattaṃ mahantaṃ yatha vassakāle ;
303这就是善修佛法所带来的利益:修法者不堕入恶趣。'
Esānisaṃso dhamme suciṇṇe, na duggatiṃ gacchati dhammacārī’’ti.
304在这里,世尊的意趣是什么?那些想要从恶道中解脱出来的人,他们会成为修法者——这就是世尊在这句话里的意趣。
Idha bhagavato ko adhippāyo? Ye apāyehi parimuccitukāmā bhavissanti, te dhammacārino bhavissantīti ayaṃ ettha bhagavato adhippāyo.
305就像小偷在破门偷盗时被抓住,他因自己的行为受罚、被捆绑;
‘‘Coro yathā sandhimukhe gahīto, sakammunā haññati bajjhate ca;
306同样地,这些众生死后到了另一世,也因自己的行为受罚、被捆绑。
Evaṃ ayaṃ pecca pajā parattha, sakammunā haññati bajjhate cā’’ti.
307世尊在这里的用意是什么?对于那些由思心所引发、造作、累积起来的业,它们将带来苦受,人们必定会体验到不可爱、不愉快的果报——这就是世尊在这里的用意。
Idha bhagavato ko adhippāyo? Sañcetanikānaṃ katānaṃ kammānaṃ upacitānaṃ dukkhavedanīyānaṃ aniṭṭhaṃ asātaṃ vipākaṃ paccanubhavissatīti ayaṃ ettha bhagavato adhippāyo.
308“一切众生都喜爱安乐,若有人用棍棒去伤害他们,
‘‘Sukhakāmāni bhūtāni, yo daṇḍena vihiṃsati;
309只为了谋求自己的快乐,这样的人死后得不到快乐。”
Attano sukhamesāno, pecca so na labhate sukha’’nti.
310世尊在这里的用意是什么?那些还会需要安乐的人,他们就不应该造作恶业——这就是世尊在这里的用意。
Idha bhagavato ko adhippāyo? Ye sukhena atthikā bhavissanti, te pāpakammaṃ na karissantīti ayaṃ ettha bhagavato adhippāyo.
311一个人昏沉、贪吃,嗜睡、辗转反侧躺着;像被饲料喂大的大猪,愚人一再入胎。
‘‘Middhī yadā hoti mahagghaso ca, niddāyitā samparivattasāyī;
312如同铁生出的锈,起来后反噬其铁;那些过于放逸的人,被自己的业带向恶趣。
Mahāvarāhova nivāpapuṭṭho, punappunaṃ gabbhamupeti mando’’ti.
313“不放逸是不死的境界,放逸是死的境界。不放逸者不死,那些放逸者虽然活着,却如同已死。”
Idha bhagavato ko adhippāyo? Ye jarāmaraṇena aṭṭiyitukāmā bhavissanti, te bhavissanti bhojane mattaññuno indriyesu guttadvārā pubbarattāpararattaṃ jāgariyānuyogamanuyuttā vipassakā kusalesu dhammesu sagāravā ca sabrahmacārīsu theresu navesu majjhimesūti ayaṃ ettha bhagavato adhippāyo.
314“在此,世尊的意趣是什么?那些想要寻求不死的人,他们将不放逸而住。这就是世尊在此的意趣。这就是意趣。”
‘‘Appamādo amatapadaṃ , pamādo maccuno padaṃ;
315「不放逸者不死,诸放逸者如已死。」
Appamattā na mīyanti, ye pamattā yathā matā’’ti.
316于此,世尊的意趣是什么?凡是将欲寻求甘露寻求者,他们将不放逸而住,这是世尊于此的意趣。这是意趣。
Idha bhagavato ko adhippāyo? Ye amatapariyesanaṃ pariyesitukāmā bhavissanti, te appamattā viharissantīti ayaṃ ettha bhagavato adhippāyo. Ayaṃ adhippāyo.
27这其中什么是缘起呢?就像那位放牛人达尼耶对世尊说的那样——
Tattha katamaṃ nidānaṃ? Yathā so dhaniyo gopālako bhagavantaṃ āha –
318“有子女的人因子女而欢喜,有牛的人同样因牛群而欢喜;
‘‘Nandati puttehi puttimā, gomā gohi tatheva nandati;
319因为依著确实是人们的欢喜之源,但那无有依著的人,他不会这样欢喜。”
Upadhī hi narassa nandanā, na hi so nandati yo nirūpadhī’’ti.
320世尊回答道——
Bhagavā āha –
321世尊说——
Bhagavā āha –
322“有子女的人因子女而忧愁,有牛的人同样因牛群而忧愁;
‘‘Socati puttehi puttimā, gopiko gohi tatheva socati;
323因为依著确实是人们的忧愁之源,但那无有依著的人,他不会这样忧愁。”
Upadhī hi narassa socanā, na hi so socati yo nirūpadhī’’ti.
324以此事、以此因缘,可如此了知:‘在此,世尊指出了对外在事物的渴爱。’如我所说——
Iminā vatthunā iminā nidānena evaṃ ñāyati ‘‘idha bhagavā bāhiresu vatthūsu taṇhaṃ āhā’’ti. Yathā cāha –
325“即便你把整座灵鹫山,全都撼动得摇晃起来,
‘‘Sacepi kevalaṃ sabbaṃ, gijjhakūṭaṃ calessasi ;
326那些正解脱者、那些佛陀们,也绝不会有丝毫动摇。
Neva sammāvimuttānaṃ, buddhānaṃ atthi iñjitaṃ.
327天空碎裂,大地震动,一切众生惊恐不安;
Nabhaṃ phaleyyappathavī caleyya, sabbeva pāṇā uda santaseyyuṃ;
328即使利箭射穿胸膛,佛陀们也不把依着当作庇护。”
Sallampi ce urasi kampayeyyuṃ , upadhīsu tāṇaṃ na karonti buddhā’’ti.
329以此事、以此因缘,可如此了知:‘在此,世尊教说了对外在事物之渴爱的断除。’如我所说——”
Iminā vatthunā iminā nidānena evaṃ ñāyati ‘‘idha bhagavā bāhiravatthukāya taṇhāya pahānaṃ āhā’’ti. Yathā cāha –
330“智者说,那铁制的、木制的、草制的结,并非坚固的束缚;
‘‘Na taṃ daḷhaṃ bandhanamāhu dhīrā, yadāyasaṃ dārujapabbajañca ;
331那对宝石耳环、对子女妻子的迷恋与期盼才是。”
Sārattarattā maṇikuṇḍalesu, puttesu dāresu ca yā apekkhā’’ti.
332通过这个事例,通过这个因缘,可以这样理解:‘在此,世尊将外在的执取视为依着。’就像恶魔波旬从灵鹫山上推下巨石时,世尊所说——
Iminā vatthunā iminā nidānena evaṃ ñāyati ‘‘idha bhagavā bāhiraṃ pariggahaṃ upadhi āhā’’ti. Yathā ca māro pāpimā gijjhakūṭā pabbatā puthusilaṃ pātesi, bhagavā āha –
333“智者说,这才是坚固的束缚,将人往下拖的,看似松弛却难以挣脱;
‘‘Etaṃ daḷhaṃ bandhanamāhu dhīrā, ohārinaṃ sithilaṃ duppamuñcaṃ;
334切断这个之后,他们便出离游方,不存期盼,舍弃了欲乐。”
Etampi chetvāna paribbajanti, anapekkhino kāmasukhaṃ pahāyā’’ti.
335通过这个事例,通过这个因缘,可以这样理解:‘在此,世尊将身体视为依着。’又如我所说——
Iminā vatthunā iminā nidānena evaṃ ñāyati ‘‘idha bhagavā kāyaṃ upadhiṃ āhā’’ti. Yathā cāha –
336“病弱、不净、腐坏,恶臭,依于身体而住,
‘‘Āturaṃ asuciṃ pūtiṃ, duggandhaṃ dehanissitaṃ;
337日夜流溢,这是愚人们所喜爱的。”
Paggharantaṃ divā rattiṃ, bālānaṃ abhinandita’’nti.
338以此事、以此因缘,应如此了知:‘在此,世尊宣说了对以内在事物为所依的贪爱的舍断。’正如这样——
Iminā vatthunā iminā nidānena evaṃ ñāyati ‘‘idha bhagavā ajjhattikavatthukāya taṇhāya pahānaṃ āhā’’ti. Yathā cāha –
339“拔除你自己的爱欲,如同用手摘取秋天脆弱的莲花;
‘‘Ucchinda sinehamattano, kumudaṃ sāradikaṃva pāṇinā;
340唯独培育寂静之道,那是善逝所教导的涅槃。”
Santimaggameva brūhaya, nibbānaṃ sugatena desita’’nti.
341以此事、以此因缘,应如此了知:‘在此,世尊宣说了对以内在事物为所依的贪爱的舍断。’这是导出此义的因缘。
Iminā vatthunā iminā nidānena evaṃ ñāyati ‘‘idha bhagavā ajjhattikavatthukāya taṇhāya pahānaṃ āhā’’ti. Idaṃ nidānaṃ.
342那么,什么是前后衔接?正如所说:
Tattha katamo pubbāparasandhi. Yathāha –
343被欲望蒙蔽的人,被网覆盖,被渴爱的覆障所遮蔽;
‘‘Kāmandhā jālasañchannā, taṇhāchadanachāditā;
344被放逸的束缚捆绑,就像鱼在捕鱼篓的入口;
Pamattabandhanā baddhā , macchāva kumināmukhe;
345他们跟着老死,就像小牛跟着哺乳的母牛一样。
Jarāmaraṇamanventi, vaccho khīrapakova mātara’’nti.
346这里讲的是欲爱。它与什么样的前后文相衔接?就像这样说的:
Ayaṃ kāmataṇhā vuttā. Sā katamena pubbāparena yujjati? Yathāha –
347贪染的人不了解利益,贪染的人看不见法;
‘‘Ratto atthaṃ na jānāti, ratto dhammaṃ na passati;
348“当欲望征服了一个人时,那时就是一片漆黑。”
Andhantamaṃ tadā hoti, yaṃ rāgo sahate nara’’nti.
349这样,正是因为盲目的状态和被覆盖的状态,那个渴爱本身才被这样表述。而那句“被欲望所盲、被网所覆、被渴爱的盖子盖住”,以及那句“染着的人不懂意义,染着的人看不见法”——通过这些关于现起缠的词句,所指的正是那同一个渴爱。所谓的黑暗,这就是苦的集起;而那带来再生的渴爱,以及所说的“欲望”,这些都是烦恼欲。而那句“被网所覆”,则是通过那些欲望的实际运作,展示了现起缠的状态。因此,从烦恼的角度和现起缠的角度,讲述了渴爱的系缚。那些像这样的人,就会走向老死——这就是世尊通过已妥善安立的偈颂力量所显示的:“他们走向老死”。
Iti andhatāya ca sañchannatāya ca sāyeva taṇhā abhilapitā. Yañcāha kāmandhā jālasañchannā, taṇhāchadanachāditāti. Yañcāha ratto atthaṃ na jānāti, ratto dhammaṃ na passatīti, imehi padehi pariyuṭṭhānehi sāyeva taṇhā abhilapitā. Yaṃ andhakāraṃ, ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo, yā ca taṇhā ponobhavikā, yañcāha kāmāti ime kilesakāmā. Yañcāha jālasañchannāti tesaṃ yeva kāmānaṃ payogena pariyuṭṭhānaṃ dasseti, tasmā kilesavasena ca pariyuṭṭhānavasena ca taṇhābandhanaṃ vuttaṃ. Ye edisikā, te jarāmaraṇaṃ anventi, ayaṃ bhagavatā yathānikkhittagāthābalena dassitā jarāmaraṇamanventīti.
350“对于他,戏论与安住都不存在,他已经越过了系缚与门闩;
‘‘Yassa papañcā ṭhitī ca natthi, sandānaṃ palighañca vītivatto;
351那位无渴爱、正在游行的牟尼,就连天界众生也都认不出。”
Taṃ nittaṇhaṃ muniṃ carantaṃ, na vijānāti sadevakopi loko’’ti.
352所谓戏论,是指渴爱、邪见、我慢,以及由这些而造作出的诸行。所谓安住,是指随眠烦恼。所谓系缚,是指渴爱的现起缠状态,也就是那三十六种渴爱之网的游走之处。所谓门闩,是指愚痴。而那一切的戏论和行、一切的安住、系缚和门闩——谁超越了这一切,他就被称为‘无渴爱者’。
Papañcā nāma taṇhādiṭṭhimānā, tadabhisaṅkhatā ca saṅkhārā. Ṭhiti nāma anusayā. Sandānaṃ nāma taṇhāya pariyuṭṭhānaṃ, yāni chattiṃsataṇhāya jāliniyā vicaritāni. Paligho nāma moho. Ye ca papañcā saṅkhārā yā ca ṭhiti yaṃ sandānañca yaṃ palighañca yo etaṃ sabbaṃ samatikkanto, ayaṃ vuccati nittaṇho iti.
28在这里,属于现起缠的诸行,有的是现世受报的,有的是转生受报的,有的是后后轮回受报的;这样,渴爱就以三种方式给出果报:或在现世,或在转生,或在之后的轮回阶段。世尊是这样说的:‘凡是以贪作为原料,通过身、语或意造作的行为,他都会体验到它的异熟果,或在现世,或在转生,或在之后的轮回阶段。’世尊的这个说法是前后一致的。在这里,现起缠,也就是能在现世受报的业,或能在转生受报的业,或能在后后轮回阶段受报的业;这样,业就以三种方式成熟:或在现世,或在转生,或在之后的轮回阶段。正如他所说的——
Tattha pariyuṭṭhānasaṅkhārā diṭṭhadhammavedanīyā vā upapajjavedanīyā vā aparāpariyavedanīyā vā, evaṃ taṇhā tividhaṃ phalaṃ deti diṭṭhe vā dhamme upapajje vā apare vā pariyāye. Evaṃ bhagavā āha ‘‘yaṃ lobhapakataṃ kammaṃ karoti kāyena vā vācāya vā manasā vā, tassa vipākaṃ anubhoti diṭṭhe vā dhamme upapajje vā apare vā pariyāye’’ti. Idaṃ bhagavato pubbāparena yujjati. Tattha pariyuṭṭhānaṃ diṭṭhadhammavedanīyaṃ vā kammaṃ upapajjavedanīyaṃ vā kammaṃ aparāpariyāyavedanīyaṃ vā kammaṃ, evaṃ kammaṃ tidhā vipaccati diṭṭhe vā dhamme upapajje vā apare vā pariyāye. Yathāha –
354那个愚人在这里若杀生……乃至……持邪见,他会在今生感受到果报,或在来生,或在其他时候。这是世尊前后一致的教说。其中,现行烦恼要用审察的力量断除,诸行要用观见的力量断除,三十六种渴爱的活动要用修习的力量断除。这样,渴爱以三种方式被断除。那没有渴爱的状态就是有余依涅槃界。身体坏灭后,则是无余依涅槃界。
‘‘Yañce bālo idha pāṇātipātī hoti…pe… micchādiṭṭhi hoti, tassa diṭṭhe vā dhamme vipākaṃ paṭisaṃvedeti upapajje vā apare vā pariyāye’’ti. Idaṃ bhagavato pubbāparena yujjati. Tattha pariyuṭṭhānaṃ paṭisaṅkhānabalena pahātabbaṃ, saṅkhārā dassanabalena, chattiṃsa taṇhāvicaritāni bhāvanābalena pahātabbānīti evaṃ taṇhāpi tidhā pahīyati. Yā nittaṇhātā ayaṃ saupādisesā nibbānadhātu. Bhedā kāyassa ayaṃ anupādisesā nibbānadhātu.
355所谓戏论,是指随缚。世尊曾说:“对过去、未来、现在眼所认知的色,他攀缘而戏论。”世尊又曾说:“罗陀,对于过去的色,你要不抱期盼;对于未来的色,不要欢喜;对于现在的色,要为了厌离、离欲、灭尽、舍断而修习。”这是世尊前后一致的教说。那戏论与那些行,以及对过去、未来、现在的欢喜,这些是同一回事。而且,世尊还用种种不同的词语、种种不同的字母、种种不同的表达方式,宣说了数不尽的法教。这样,以经对应经,将前后连系起来,经就被解明了。
Papañco nāma vuccati anubandho. Yañcāha bhagavā ‘‘papañceti atītānāgatapaccuppannaṃ cakkhuviññeyyaṃ rūpaṃ ārabbhā’’ti. Yañcāha bhagavā – ‘‘atīte, rādha, rūpe anapekkho hohi, anāgataṃ rūpaṃ mā abhinandi, paccuppannassa rūpassa nibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya paṭinissaggāya paṭipajjā’’ti. Idaṃ bhagavato pubbāparena yujjati. Yo cāpi papañco ye ca saṅkhārā yā ca atītānāgatapaccuppannassa abhinandanā, idaṃ ekatthaṃ. Api ca aññamaññehi padehi aññamaññehi akkharehi aññamaññehi byañjanehi aparimāṇā dhammadesanā vuttā bhagavatā. Evaṃ suttena suttaṃ saṃsandayitvā pubbāparena saddhiṃ yojayitvā suttaṃ niddiṭṭhaṃ bhavati.
356这前后连结有四种:义连结、文连结、教说连结、解释连结。
So cāyaṃ pubbāparo sandhi catubbidho atthasandhi byañjanasandhi desanāsandhi niddesasandhīti.
357其中,义连结有六项:开示、明示、揭示、分别、显了、施设。
Tattha atthasandhi chappadāni saṅkāsanā pakāsanā vivaraṇā vibhajanā uttānīkammatā paññattīti.
358文连结有六项:字母、词、语句、形态、语源、解释。
Byañjanasandhi chappadāni akkharaṃ padaṃ byañjanaṃ ākāro nirutti niddesoti.
359教说连结:“禅修者不依于地而修禅,也不依于水而修禅,也不依于火而修禅,也不依于风而修禅。不依于空无边处……不依于识无边处……不依于无所有处……不依于非想非非想处……不依于此世……不依于他世而修禅。凡于这两者之间,所见、所闻、所觉、所识、所得、所求、所伺、所审察、心意所随思者,他都不依于这些而修禅。在这个有天、魔、梵的世间,有沙门、婆罗门、天、人的众中,他以无依著的心修禅而不被了知。”
Desanāsandhi na ca pathaviṃ nissāya jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca. Na ca āpaṃ nissāya jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca, na ca tejaṃ nissāya jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca, na ca vāyuṃ nissāya jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca. Na ca ākāsānañcāyatanaṃ nissāya…pe… na ca viññāṇañcāyatanaṃ nissāya…pe… na ca ākiñcaññāyatanaṃ nissāya…pe… na ca nevasaññānāsaññāyatanaṃ nissāya…pe… na ca imaṃ lokaṃ nissāya…pe… na ca paralokaṃ nissāya jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca. Yamidaṃ ubhayamantarena diṭṭhaṃ sutaṃ mutaṃ viññātaṃ pattaṃ pariyesitaṃ vitakkitaṃ vicāritaṃ manasānucintitaṃ, tampi nissāya na jhāyati jhāyī jhāyati ca. Ayaṃ sadevake loke samārake sabrahmake sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya anissitena cittena na ñāyati jhāyanto.
360就像邪恶的魔罗四处搜寻果迪咖族人的心识,却无法知道、无法看见一样。因为他已超越戏论,由于舍断了渴爱,他不再有任何邪见的依止。又如同对果迪咖那样,对于瓦卡利,那包含天界、魔界、梵界,以及包含沙门、婆罗门、天人众在内的整个世界,都无法知晓那些正在禅修、心无依赖的人。这就是开示的连结。
Yathā māro pāpimā godhikassa kulaputtassa viññāṇaṃ samanvesanto na jānāti na passati. So hi papañcātīto taṇhāpahānena diṭṭhinissayopissa natthi. Yathā ca godhikassa, evaṃ vakkalissa sadevakena lokena samārakena sabrahmakena sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiyā pajāya sadevamanussāya anissitacittā na ñāyanti jhāyamānā. Ayaṃ desanāsandhi.
361其中,什么是解说的连结?依赖的心应当以不善的面向来解说,不依赖的心应当以善的面向来解说。依赖的心应当以烦恼来解说,不依赖的心应当以清净来解说。依赖的心应当以轮回的流转来解说,不依赖的心应当以轮回的还灭来解说。依赖的心应当以渴爱与无明来解说,不依赖的心应当以止与观来解说。依赖的心应当以无惭无愧来解说,不依赖的心应当以惭与愧来解说。依赖的心应当以失念与不正知来解说,不依赖的心应当以念与正知来解说。依赖的心应当以非理与非理作意来解说,不依赖的心应当以理与如理作意来解说。依赖的心应当以懈怠与难教诲来解说,不依赖的心应当以精进勤策与易教诲来解说。依赖的心应当以不信与放逸来解说,不依赖的心应当以信与不放逸来解说。依赖的心应当以不听闻正法与不防护来解说,不依赖的心应当以听闻正法与防护来解说。依赖的心应当以贪求与嗔害来解说,不依赖的心应当以无贪求与无嗔害来解说。依赖的心应当以五盖与诸结缚来解说,不依赖的心应当以对贪欲的离贪以及心解脱、对无明的离贪以及慧解脱来解说。依赖的心应当以断见与常见来解说,不依赖的心应当以有余依和无余依的涅槃界来解说。这就是解说的连结。因此,尊者大迦旃延说:'这是依语义而通达意趣。'
Tattha katamā niddesasandhi? Nissitacittā akusalapakkhena niddisitabbā, anissitacittā kusalapakkhena niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā kilesena niddisitabbā, anissitacittā vodānena niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā saṃsārappavattiyā niddisitabbā, anissitacittā saṃsāranivattiyā niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā taṇhāya ca avijjāya ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā samathena ca vipassanāya ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā ahirikena ca anottappena ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā hiriyā ca ottappena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā asatiyā ca asampajaññena ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā satiyā ca sampajaññena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā ayoniyā ca ayonisomanasikārena ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā yoniyā ca yonisomanasikārena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā kosajjena ca dovacassena ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā vīriyārambhena ca sovacassena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā assaddhiyena ca pamādena ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā saddhāya ca appamādena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā asaddhammassavanena ca asaṃvaraṇena ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā saddhammassavanena ca saṃvarena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā abhijjhāya ca byāpādena ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā anabhijjhāya ca abyāpādena ca niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā nīvaraṇehi ca saṃyojaniyehi ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā rāgavirāgāya ca cetovimuttiyā avijjāvirāgāya ca paññāvimuttiyā niddisitabbā. Nissitacittā ucchedadiṭṭhiyā ca sassatadiṭṭhiyā ca niddisitabbā, anissitacittā saupādisesāya ca anupādisesāya ca nibbānadhātuyā niddisitabbā. Ayaṃ niddesasandhi. Tenāha āyasmā mahākaccāyano ‘‘neruttamadhippāyo’’ti.
362相应四部署线
Niyutto catubyūho hāro.
3637. 转回线分别
7. Āvaṭṭahāravibhaṅgo
29其中,什么是'转向'这项诠释工具? 就是'在一个立足处上'这一句。
Tattha katamo āvaṭṭo hāro? ‘‘Ekamhi padaṭṭhāne’’ti ayaṃ.
365'发起吧!前进吧! 将自己投入到佛陀的教法中吧!
‘‘Ārambhatha nikkamatha, yuñjatha buddhasāsane;
366奋力摇摧死魔的大军,就像大香象摧毁苇草搭的房子一样。'
Dhunātha maccuno senaṃ, naḷāgāraṃva kuñjaro’’ti.
367'发起吧!前进吧!' 这是精进的立足处。'将自己投入到佛陀的教法中吧!' 这是定的立足处。'奋力摇摧死魔的大军,就像大香象摧毁苇草搭的房子一样' 这是慧的立足处。'发起吧!前进吧!' 这是精进根的立足处。'将自己投入到佛陀的教法中吧!' 这是定根的立足处。'奋力摇摧死魔的大军,就像大香象摧毁苇草搭的房子一样' 这是慧根的立足处。以上这些立足处,就是教说。
‘‘Ārambhatha nikkamathā’’ti vīriyassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. ‘‘Yuñjatha buddhasāsane’’ti samādhissa padaṭṭhānaṃ. ‘‘Dhunātha maccuno senaṃ, naḷāgāraṃva kuñjaro’’ti paññāya padaṭṭhānaṃ. ‘‘Ārambhatha nikkamathā’’ti vīriyindriyassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. ‘‘Yuñjatha buddhasāsane’’ti samādhindriyassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. ‘‘Dhunātha maccuno senaṃ, naḷāgāraṃva kuñjaro’’ti paññindriyassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Imāni padaṭṭhānāni desanā.
368对于那些不修习相应法的众生,或者对已修习却停滞不前的众生所付出的努力。
Ayuñjantānaṃ vā sattānaṃ yoge, yuñjantānaṃ vā ārambho.
369这其中,那些不修习的人是因放逸而不修习。这种放逸有两种根本:以渴爱为根的,和以无明为根的。其中,以无明为根的放逸,是指由于被无明所蒙蔽,不知道那些应该被了解的对象——五蕴是具有生灭性质的法。这就是以无明为根的放逸。而以渴爱为根的放逸,有三种情况:为了获取尚未得到的财物而四处寻求,这是一种放逸;对于已经得到的财物,为了守护它和为了享受它,这也是一种放逸。所以,世间共有四种放逸:一种源于无明,三种源于渴爱。其中,无明以名身(心理现象)为立足处,渴爱以色身(物质现象)为立足处。这是什么原因呢?因为对有色生命的生存状态是执取不放,对无色生命的生存状态则是愚痴迷惑?这里的色身,就是色蕴;名身,就是其他四个非物质的蕴。这五种蕴,是因哪一种执取而称为有执取的呢?是因渴爱和无明。其中,渴爱对应两种执取:欲取和戒禁取。无明对应另外两种执取:见取和我语取。被这四种执取所抓取的五蕴,这就是苦;这四种执取,这就是集。五蕴是苦。世尊为了遍知苦和断除集,教导了法:为了遍知苦,为了断除集。
Tattha ye na yuñjanti, te pamādamūlakā na yuñjanti. So pamādo duvidho taṇhāmūlako avijjāmūlako ca. Tattha avijjāmūlako yena aññāṇena nivuto ñeyyaṭṭhānaṃ nappajānāti pañcakkhandhā uppādavayadhammāti, ayaṃ avijjāmūlako. Yo taṇhāmūlako, so tividho anuppannānaṃ bhogānaṃ uppādāya pariyesanto pamādaṃ āpajjati, uppannānaṃ bhogānaṃ ārakkhanimittaṃ paribhoganimittañca pamādaṃ āpajjati ayaṃ loke catubbidho pamādo ekavidho avijjāya tividho taṇhāya. Tattha avijjāya nāmakāyo padaṭṭhānaṃ. Taṇhāya rūpakāyo padaṭṭhānaṃ. Taṃ kissa hetu, rūpīsu bhavesu ajjhosānaṃ, arūpīsu sammoho? Tattha rūpakāyo rūpakkhandho nāmakāyo cattāro arūpino khandhā. Ime pañcakkhandhā katamena upādānena saupādānā, taṇhāya ca avijjāya ca? Tattha taṇhā dve upādānāni kāmupādānañca sīlabbatupādānañca. Avijjā dve upādānāni diṭṭhupādānañca attavādupādānañca. Imehi catūhi upādānehi ye saupādānā khandhā, idaṃ dukkhaṃ. Cattāri upādānāni, ayaṃ samudayo. Pañcakkhandhā dukkhaṃ. Tesaṃ bhagavā pariññāya pahānāya ca dhammaṃ deseti dukkhassa pariññāya samudayassa pahānāya.
30其中,有那种以渴爱为根的三种放逸,即为了获取尚未得到的财物而寻求,以及对已得到的财物进行守护和为了享受而造作。通过亲身体证来防护、收摄和舍弃这些行为的,这就是止禅。
Tattha yo tividho taṇhāmūlako pamādo anuppannānaṃ bhogānaṃ uppādāya pariyesati, uppannānaṃ bhogānaṃ ārakkhaṇañca karoti paribhoganimittañca, tassa sampaṭivedhena rakkhaṇā paṭisaṃharaṇā, ayaṃ samatho.
371这是如何发生的呢?当一个人如实地知道:知道欲乐的味是味,知道欲乐的过患是过患,知道从欲乐出离就是出离,以及知道其缺陷、杂染、清净,还有出离的功德。其中,那种审察、细察的智慧,就是观禅。这两个法,即止禅与观禅,达到了修习的圆满。当这两个法被修习时,两个法就被断除了,那就是渴爱与无明。当这两个法被断除时,四种执取就灭尽了。由于执取灭,就有了有灭;有灭就有生灭;因为生灭,老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼就都灭尽了。就这样,这整个苦蕴完全灭尽了。如此,前面的两个真理是苦与集,止与观是道;有的灭尽就是涅槃。这就是四圣谛。因此,世尊说:‘你们要奋发努力,要决定出离。’
So kathaṃ bhavati? Yadā jānāti kāmānaṃ assādañca assādato ādīnavañca ādīnavato nissaraṇañca nissaraṇato okārañca saṃkilesañca vodānañca nekkhamme ca ānisaṃsaṃ. Tattha yā vīmaṃsā upaparikkhā ayaṃ vipassanā. Ime dve dhammā bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchanti samatho ca vipassanā ca. Imesu dvīsu dhammesu bhāviyamānesu dve dhammā pahīyanti taṇhā ca avijjā ca, imesu dvīsu dhammesu pahīnesu cattāri upādānāni nirujjhanti. Upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho, bhavanirodhā jātinirodho, jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti. Iti purimakāni ca dve saccāni dukkhaṃ samudayo ca, samatho ca vipassanā ca maggo. Bhavanirodho nibbānaṃ imāni cattāri saccāni. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘ārambhatha nikkamathā’’ti.
372就像一棵树,如果它的根没有受损,还很牢固,即使被砍断了,也照样会重新生长起来;
Yathāpi mūle anupaddave daḷhe, chinnopi rukkho punareva rūhati;
373同样地,如果渴爱的随眠烦恼没有被彻底拔除,这种苦就会一再地生起。
Evampi taṇhānusaye anūhate, nibbattatī dukkhamidaṃ punappunaṃ.
374这是贪欲的随眠。它是对什么的贪欲呢?是对有(生存)的贪欲。是这个法(指贪欲随眠)的因缘的,那是无明。因为以无明为缘,会有对有的贪欲。这两种烦恼,就是贪欲和无明。那四种取,以及由那四种取而有执取的诸蕴,这就是苦。四种取,这是集。五取蕴是苦。为了遍知它们、为了断除它们,世尊教导法:为了遍知苦,为了断除集。
Ayaṃ taṇhānusayo. Katamassā taṇhāya? Bhavataṇhāya. Yo etassa dhammassa paccayo ayaṃ avijjā. Avijjāpaccayā hi bhavataṇhā. Ime dve kilesā taṇhā ca avijjā ca. Tāni cattāri upādānāni tehi catūhi upādānehi ye saupādānā khandhā, idaṃ dukkhaṃ. Cattāri upādānāni ayaṃ samudayo. Pañcakkhandhā dukkhaṃ. Tesaṃ bhagavā pariññāya ca pahānāya ca dhammaṃ deseti dukkhassa pariññāya samudayassa pahānāya.
375用来根除贪欲随眠的,这是止。用来阻止贪欲随眠之因缘,即无明的,这是观。这两种法——止与观,达成修习的圆满。其中,止的果报是离欲所成的心解脱;观的果报是离无明所成的慧解脱。如此,前面的两个圣谛——苦和集,止与观是道,两种解脱是灭。这就是四圣谛。因此世尊说:“正如从根……”
Yena taṇhānusayaṃ samūhanati , ayaṃ samatho. Yena taṇhānusayassa paccayaṃ avijjaṃ vārayati, ayaṃ vipassanā. Ime dve dhammā bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchanti samatho ca vipassanā ca. Tattha samathassa phalaṃ rāgavirāgā cetovimutti, vipassanāya phalaṃ avijjāvirāgā paññāvimutti. Iti purimakāni ca dve saccāni dukkhaṃ samudayo ca, samatho vipassanā ca maggo, dve ca vimuttiyo nirodho. Imāni cattāri saccāni. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘yathāpi mūle’’ti.
376“一切恶的不做,”
‘‘Sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṃ, kusalassa upasampadā;
377“心的完全净化,这是诸佛的教导。”
Sacittapariyodāpanaṃ , etaṃ buddhāna sāsana’’nti.
378所谓的“一切恶”,就是三种恶行:身恶行、语恶行、意恶行。它们是十种不善业道:杀生、不予而取、欲邪行、妄语、离间语、粗恶语、杂秽语、贪欲、嗔恚、邪见。这些(不善业道)属于两种业:思业和思所成业。其中,杀生、离间语和粗恶语,这是以嗔为起源的。而那种不予而取、欲邪行和妄语,这是以贪为起源的。那种杂秽语,这是以痴为起源的。这七个原因是思业。那种贪欲,这是贪不善根。那种嗔恚,这是嗔不善根。那种邪见,这是邪道。这三个原因是思所成业。因此说:“思业、思所成业。”
Sabbapāpaṃ nāma tīṇi duccaritāni kāyaduccaritaṃ vacīduccaritaṃ manoduccaritaṃ, te dasa akusalakammapathā pāṇātipāto adinnādānaṃ kāmesumicchācāro musāvādo pisuṇā vācā pharusā vācā samphappalāpo abhijjhā byāpādo micchādiṭṭhi, tāni dve kammāni cetanā cetasikañca. Tattha yo ca pāṇātipāto yā ca pisuṇā vācā yā ca pharusā vācā, idaṃ dosasamuṭṭhānaṃ. Yañca adinnādānaṃ yo ca kāmesumicchācāro yo ca musāvādo, idaṃ lobhasamuṭṭhānaṃ, yo samphappalāpo, idaṃ mohasamuṭṭhānaṃ. Imāni satta kāraṇāni cetanākammaṃ. Yā abhijjhā, ayaṃ lobho akusalamūlaṃ. Yo byāpādo, ayaṃ doso akusalamūlaṃ. Yā micchādiṭṭhi, ayaṃ micchāmaggo. Imāni tīṇi kāraṇāni cetasikakammaṃ. Tenāha ‘‘cetanākammaṃ cetasikakamma’’nti.
379当不善根趋向于造作时,会以四种方式进入不正当的途径:由爱欲、由嗔怒、由恐惧、由愚痴。其中,那种因爱欲而进入不正当途径的,这是以贪为起源。那种因嗔怒而进入不正当途径的,这是以嗔为起源。那种因恐惧和愚痴而进入不正当途径的,这是以痴为起源。其中,贪可以通过不净观来断除。嗔可以通过慈心来断除。痴可以通过智慧来断除。同样的,贪可以通过舍心来断除。嗔可以通过慈心和悲心来断除。痴可以通过喜心来断除、使之彻底灭尽。因此世尊说:“一切恶的不做。”
Akusalamūlaṃ payogaṃ gacchantaṃ catubbidhaṃ agatiṃ gacchati chandā dosā bhayā mohā. Tattha yaṃ chandā agatiṃ gacchati, idaṃ lobhasamuṭṭhānaṃ. Yaṃ dosā agatiṃ gacchati, idaṃ dosasamuṭṭhānaṃ. Yaṃ bhayā ca mohā ca agatiṃ gacchati, idaṃ mohasamuṭṭhānaṃ. Tattha lobho asubhāya pahīyati. Doso mettāya. Moho paññāya. Tathā lobho upekkhāya pahīyati. Doso mettāya ca karuṇāya ca. Moho muditāya pahānaṃ abbhatthaṃ gacchati. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘sabbapāpassa akaraṇa’’nti.
31所谓一切恶,就是指八种邪性:邪见、邪思维、邪语、邪业、邪命、邪精进、邪念、邪定。这就叫作一切恶。对这八种邪性不去造作、不去实行、不去违犯,这就叫作不作一切恶。
Sabbapāpaṃ nāma aṭṭha micchattāni micchādiṭṭhi micchāsaṅkappo micchāvācā micchākammanto micchāājīvo micchāvāyāmo micchāsati micchāsamādhi, idaṃ vuccati sabbapāpaṃ. Imesaṃ aṭṭhannaṃ micchattānaṃ yā akiriyā akaraṇaṃ anajjhācāro, idaṃ vuccati sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṃ.
381当八种邪性被舍断之后,八种正性便得以成就。对八种正性去造作、去实行、去完成,这就叫作善的具足。‘使自己的心清净’这句话,是在显示对过去道的修习行为;当心得到清净时,五取蕴也就得到了清净。世尊正是这样说的:‘诸比丘,为了心的清净,所以才在如来的教法中修习梵行。’清净有两种:断除五盖,以及断除随眠。清净也有两个阶段:见地与修习地。其中,通过证悟而清净的,‘这是苦’;从哪里清净,‘这是集’;以什么清净,‘这是道’;那被清净的,‘这是灭’。这就是四圣谛。因此,世尊说‘不作一切恶’。
Aṭṭhasu micchattesu pahīnesu aṭṭha sammattāni sampajjanti. Aṭṭhannaṃ sammattānaṃ yā kiriyā karaṇaṃ sampādanaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati kusalassa upasampadā. Sacittapariyodāpananti atītassa maggassa bhāvanākiriyaṃ dassayati, citte pariyodāpite pañcakkhandhā pariyodāpitā bhavanti, evañhi bhagavā āha ‘‘cetovisuddhatthaṃ, bhikkhave, tathāgate brahmacariyaṃ vussatī’’ti. Duvidhā hi pariyodāpanā nīvaraṇappahānañca anusayasamugghāto ca. Dve pariyodāpanabhūmiyo dassanabhūmi ca, bhāvanābhūmi ca, tattha yaṃ paṭivedhena pariyodāpeti, idaṃ dukkhaṃ. Yato pariyodāpeti, ayaṃ samudayo. Yena pariyodāpeti, ayaṃ maggo. Yaṃ pariyodāpitaṃ, ayaṃ nirodho. Imāni cattāri saccāni. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘sabbapāpassa akaraṇa’’nti.
382法确实保护行法的人,犹如雨季里的一把大伞;
‘‘Dhammo have rakkhati dhammacāriṃ, chattaṃ mahantaṃ yatha vassakāle;
383这就是善行于法的功德:行法者不会堕入恶趣。
Esānisaṃso dhamme suciṇṇe, na duggatiṃ gacchati dhammacārī’’ti.
384法有两种:根门防护和道。恶趣也有两种:相对于天与人来说,地狱等是恶趣;相对涅槃来说,一切转生都是恶趣。其中,在防护戒上做到不破损,这就是善行了法,它能保护人脱离恶趣。世尊这样说过:‘诸比丘,持戒的人有两种趣向:天和人。’另外,在那烂陀村庄,阿私婆迦子聚落主曾这样对世尊说:
Dhammo nāma duvidho indriyasaṃvaro maggo ca. Duggati nāma duvidhā devamanusse vā upanidhāya apāyā duggati, nibbānaṃ vā upanidhāya sabbā upapattiyo duggati. Tattha yā saṃvarasīle akhaṇḍakāritā, ayaṃ dhammo suciṇṇo apāyehi rakkhati. Evaṃ bhagavā āha – dvemā, bhikkhave, sīlavato gatiyo devā ca manussā ca. Evañca nāḷandāyaṃ nigame asibandhakaputto gāmaṇi bhagavantaṃ etadavoca –
385‘尊者,那些来自西方的婆罗门,拿着水罐,戴着湿婆罗花环,入水沐浴,侍奉火神,他们说能让死去、过世的人上升,能赋予他们名号,能让他们进入天界。而尊者、阿拉汉、正自觉者世尊您,能否做到这样:让整个世界的人,在身体破裂、命终之后,都投生到善趣、天界呢?’
‘‘Brāhmaṇā, bhante, pacchābhūmakā kāmaṇḍalukā sevālamālikā udakorohakā aggiparicārakā, te mataṃ kālaṅkataṃ uyyāpenti nāma, saññāpenti nāma, saggaṃ nāma okkāmenti . Bhagavā pana, bhante, arahaṃ sammāsambuddho pahoti tathā kātuṃ, yathā sabbo loko kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyyā’’ti.
386“那么,村长,我就在这里反过来问你。你觉得怎么合适,就怎么回答吧。”
‘‘Tena hi, gāmaṇi, taññevettha paṭipucchissāmi, yathā te khameyya, tathā naṃ byākareyyāsīti.
387“村长,你怎么看?假如这里有个人,杀生、偷盗、邪淫、妄语、挑拨离间、恶口、杂秽语、贪欲、瞋恚心、邪见。然后有一大群人集合聚集起来,向他祈求、赞美、合掌、绕行,说:‘愿这个人死后身体破裂,往生善道、天界。’村长,你怎么看?那个人会因为大众的祈求、赞美、合掌绕行的缘故,死后身体破裂,往生善道、天界吗?”“尊者,这不可能。”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, idhassa puriso pāṇātipātī adinnādāyī kāmesumicchācārī musāvādī pisuṇavāco pharusavāco samphappalāpī abhijjhālu byāpannacitto micchādiṭṭhiko, tamenaṃ mahājanakāyo saṅgamma samāgamma āyāceyya thomeyya pañjaliko anuparisakkeyya ‘ayaṃ puriso kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjatū’ti. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, api nu so puriso mahato janakāyassa āyācanahetu vā thomanahetuvā pañjalikaṃ anuparisakkanahetu vā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyyā’’ti. ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
388“村长,就好比有人把一块大石头丢进深水潭里。然后一大群人集合聚集起来,向它祈求、赞美、合掌绕行,说:‘浮上来吧,大石头!漂上来吧,大石头!浮到岸上来吧,大石头!’村长,你怎么看?那块大石头会因为大众的祈求、赞美、合掌绕行的缘故,浮上来、漂上来或者浮到岸上来吗?”“尊者,这不可能。”“同样的道理,村长,那个杀生……乃至邪见的人,即使有一大群人集合聚集起来,向他祈求、赞美、合掌绕行,说:‘愿这个人死后身体破裂,往生善道、天界。’但他还是会在死后身体破裂,往生苦界、恶道、堕处、地狱。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, gāmaṇi, puriso mahatiṃ puthusilaṃ gambhīre udakarahade pakkhipeyya, tamenaṃ mahājanakāyo saṅgamma samāgamma āyāceyya thomeyya pañjaliko anuparisakkeyya ‘ummujja, bho, puthusile, uplava bho puthusile, thalamuplava, bho puthusile’ti. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi gāmaṇi, api nu sā mahatī puthusilā mahato janakāyassa āyācanahetu vā thomanahetu vā pañjalikaṃ anuparisakkanahetu vā ummujjeyya vā uplaveyya vā thalaṃ vā uplaveyyā’’ti. ‘‘No hetaṃ , bhante’’. ‘‘Evameva kho, gāmaṇi, yo so puriso pāṇātipātī…pe… micchādiṭṭhiko, kiñcāpi naṃ mahājanakāyo saṅgamma samāgamma āyāceyya thomeyya pañjaliko anuparisakkeyya ‘ayaṃ puriso kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjatū’ti. Atha kho so puriso kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyya.
389“村长,你怎么看?假如这里有个人,远离杀生、远离偷盗、远离邪淫、远离妄语、远离挑拨离间、远离恶口、远离杂秽语、不贪欲、无瞋恚心、正见。然后有一大群人集合聚集起来,向他祈求、赞美、合掌绕行,说:‘愿这个人死后身体破裂,往生苦界、恶道、堕处、地狱。’村长,你怎么看?那个人会因为大众的祈求、赞美、合掌绕行的缘故,死后身体破裂,往生苦界、恶道、堕处、地狱吗?”“尊者,这不可能。”
‘‘Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, idhassa puriso pāṇātipātā paṭivirato adinnādānā paṭivirato kāmesumicchācārā paṭivirato musāvādā paṭivirato pisuṇāya vācāya paṭivirato pharusāya vācāya paṭivirato samphappalāpā paṭivirato anabhijjhālu abyāpannacitto sammādiṭṭhiko, tamenaṃ mahājanakāyo saṅgamma samāgamma āyāceyya thomeyya pañjaliko anuparisakkeyya ‘ayaṃ puriso kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjatū’ti. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi, gāmaṇi, api nu so puriso mahato janakāyassa āyācanahetu vā thomanahetu vā pañjalikaṃ anuparisakkanahetu vā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjeyyā’’ti. ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
390“村长,就好比有人把一罐酥油或一罐芝麻油沉到深水潭里,再把罐子打破。那么,罐子里的沙子和碎石会往下沉;而那罐子里的酥油或芝麻油则会往上浮。然后有一大群人集合聚集起来,向它祈求、赞美、合掌绕行,说:‘沉下去吧,酥油!往下沉吧,酥油!往下走,酥油!’村长,你怎么看?那酥油和芝麻油会因为大众的祈求、赞美、合掌绕行的缘故,沉下去、往下沉或者往下去吗?”“尊者,这不可能。”
‘‘Seyyathāpi, gāmaṇi, puriso sappikumbhaṃ vā telakumbhaṃ vā gambhīre udakarahade ogāhetvā bhindeyya. Tatra yāssa sakkharā vā kaṭhalā , sā adhogāmī assa. Yañca khvassa tatra sappi vā telaṃ vā, taṃ uddhaṃgāmi assa. Tamenaṃ mahājanakāyo saṅgamma samāgamma āyāceyya thomeyya pañjaliko anuparisakkeyya ‘osīda, bho sappitela, saṃsīda, bho sappitela, adho gaccha ‘bho sappitelā’ti. Taṃ kiṃ maññasi gāmaṇi, api nu taṃ sappitelaṃ mahato janakāyassa āyācanahetu vā thomanahetu vā pañjalikaṃ anuparisakkanahetu vā ‘osīdeyya vā saṃsīdeyya vā adho vā gaccheyyā’ti. ‘‘No hetaṃ, bhante’’.
391“同样的道理,村长,那个远离杀生……乃至正见的人,即使有一大群人集合聚集起来,向他祈求、赞美、合掌绕行,说:‘愿这个人死后身体破裂,往生苦界、恶道、堕处、地狱。’但他还是会在死后身体破裂,往生善道、天界。因此,善行法能保护人免于恶道。在这里,由于道的锐利、增上,这善行法能保护人免于一切恶道的出生。世尊是这样说的:”
‘‘Evameva kho, gāmaṇi, yo so puriso pāṇātipātā paṭivirato…pe… sammādiṭṭhiko, kiñcāpi naṃ mahājanakāyo saṅgamma samāgamma āyāceyya thomeyya pañjaliko anuparisakkeyya ‘ayaṃ puriso kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjatū’’’ti. Atha kho so puriso kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjeyya. Iti dhammo suciṇṇo apāyehi rakkhati. Tattha yā maggassa tikkhatā adhimattatā, ayaṃ dhammo suciṇṇo sabbāhi upapattīhi rakkhati. Evaṃ bhagavā āha –
392因此,那位心念得到守护、以正思惟为行境、以正见为先导、了知诸法的生灭、克服了昏沉与睡眠的比丘,将会舍弃所有恶趣。
‘‘Tasmā rakkhitacittassa , sammāsaṅkappagocaro;
393「以正见为先导,了知生灭;」
Sammādiṭṭhipurekkhāro, ñatvāna udayabbayaṃ;
394「克服昏沉睡眠的比丘,应舍断一切恶趣。」
Thinamiddhābhibhū bhikkhu, sabbā duggatiyo jahe’’ti.
32这其中,恶趣的因就是渴爱与无明,那四种取,基于这四种取而生起的诸蕴即是苦。四种取,这就是集。五取蕴是苦,为了遍知苦、断除集,世尊教导法——为了遍知苦、断除集。这其中,渴爱以粗显的五根为立足处。无明以意根为立足处。守护粗显的五根,他便修习定,并调伏渴爱。守护意根,他便修习观,并调伏无明。通过调伏渴爱,两种取被断除:欲取与
Tattha duggatīnaṃ hetu taṇhā ca avijjā ca, tāni cattāri upādānāni, tehi catūhi upādānehi ye saupādānā khandhā, idaṃ dukkhaṃ. Cattāri upādānāni, ayaṃ samudayo. Pañcakkhandhā dukkhaṃ, tesaṃ bhagavā pariññāya ca pahānāya ca dhammaṃ deseti dukkhassa pariññāya samudayassa pahānāya. Tattha taṇhāya pañcindriyāni rūpīni padaṭṭhānaṃ. Avijjāya manindriyaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Pañcindriyāni rūpīni rakkhanto samādhiṃ bhāvayati, taṇhañca niggaṇhāti. Manindriyaṃ rakkhanto vipassanaṃ bhāvayati, avijjañca niggaṇhāti. Taṇhāniggahena dve upādānāni pahīyanti kāmupādānañca sīlabbatupādānañca. Avijjāniggahena dve upādānāni pahīyanti diṭṭhupādānañca attavādupādānañca. Catūsu upādānesu pahīnesu dve dhammā bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchanti samatho ca vipassanā ca. Idaṃ vuccati brahmacariyanti.
396在此,梵行之果是四沙门果——入流果、一来果、不来果、阿拉汉最上果。这些是梵行的四种果。如此,前两谛是苦与集。止与观以及梵行是道,梵行之诸果及其所缘与无为界是灭。这些是四谛。因此世尊说「法确实守护」。
Tattha brahmacariyassa phalaṃ cattāri sāmaññaphalāni sotāpattiphalaṃ sakadāgāmiphalaṃ anāgāmiphalaṃ arahattaṃ aggaphalaṃ. Imāni cattāri brahmacariyassa phalāni . Iti purimakāni ca dve saccāni dukkhaṃ samudayo ca. Samatho ca vipassanā ca brahmacariyañca maggo, brahmacariyassa phalāni ca tadārammaṇā ca asaṅkhatādhātu nirodho. Imāni cattāri saccāni. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘dhammo have rakkhatī’’ti.
397在此,以证悟所守护的,此即是苦。从何守护,此即是集。以何守护,此即是道。守护什么,此即是灭。这些是四谛。因此具寿大迦旃延说「在一个足处」。
Tattha yaṃ paṭivedhena rakkhati, idaṃ dukkhaṃ. Yato rakkhati, ayaṃ samudayo. Yena rakkhati, ayaṃ maggo. Yaṃ rakkhati, ayaṃ nirodho. Imāni cattāri saccāni. Tenāha āyasmā mahākaccāyano ‘‘ekamhi padaṭṭhāne’’ti.
398相应转回线
Niyutto āvaṭṭo hāro.
3998. 分析线分别
8. Vibhattihāravibhaṅgo
33在那里,什么是‘分别摄’?就是‘法、立足处和地’这句话。
Tattha katamo vibhattihāro? ‘‘Dhammañca padaṭṭhānaṃ bhūmiñcā’’ti.
401有两种经:熏习分经和洞穿分经。有两种行道:福分行道和果分行道。有两种戒:防护戒和断戒。这里,世尊以福分行道教导熏习分经,此人立足于防护戒,通过那梵行而成为梵行者。那里,世尊以果分行道教导洞穿分经,此人立足于断戒,通过那梵行而成为梵行者。
Dve suttāni vāsanābhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca. Dve paṭipadā puññabhāgiyā ca phalabhāgiyā ca. Dve sīlāni saṃvarasīlañca pahānasīlañca, tattha bhagavā vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ puññabhāgiyāya paṭipadāya desayati, so saṃvarasīle ṭhito tena brahmacariyena brahmacārī bhavati, tattha bhagavā nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ phalabhāgiyāya paṭipadāya desayati, so pahānasīle ṭhito tena brahmacariyena brahmacārī bhavati.
402在那里,什么是熏习分经?名为熏习分的经,就是布施论、戒论、天论,以及贪欲的过患和出离的利益。
Tattha katamaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ? Vāsanābhāgiyaṃ nāma suttaṃ dānakathā sīlakathā saggakathā kāmānaṃ ādīnavo nekkhamme ānisaṃsoti.
403在那里,什么是洞穿分经?名为洞穿分的经,就是显示四圣谛的教导。在熏习分经中,没有智慧,没有道,没有果。在洞穿分经中,有智慧,有道,有果。这四种经,对于这四种经的教导,依果、依戒、依梵行、依一切方面的审察,以审察摄筛选之后,应当以应理摄来组合,直到达到智慧的范围。
Tattha katamaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ? Nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ nāma suttaṃ yā catusaccappakāsanā, vāsanābhāgiye sutte natthi pajānanā, natthi maggo, natthi phalaṃ. Nibbedhabhāgiye sutte atthi pajānanā, atthi maggo, atthi phalaṃ. Imāni cattāri suttāni. Imesaṃ catunnaṃ suttānaṃ desanāya phalena sīlena brahmacariyena sabbato vicayena hārena vicinitvā yuttihārena yojayitabbā yāvatikā ñāṇassa bhūmi.
34在那里,什么是共通的法?两种共通的法:名称共通和事物共通。或者其他任何此类性质:邪定众生和不定众生应当由见所断的烦恼是共通的,凡夫与须陀洹的欲贪和嗔恚是共通的,凡夫与阿那含的上分结是共通的。凡圣弟子所入的任何世间等至,所有这些都与未离染者共通。确实,共通的法就这样互不超出自与他人各自的境界。具备这些法的人,也不超越那个法。这些是共通的法。
Tattha katame dhammā sādhāraṇā? Dve dhammā sādhāraṇā nāmasādhāraṇā vatthusādhāraṇā ca. Yaṃ vā pana kiñci aññampi evaṃ jātiyaṃ, micchattaniyatānaṃ sattānaṃ aniyatānañca sattānaṃ dassanappahātabbā kilesā sādhāraṇā, puthujjanassa sotāpannassa ca kāmarāgabyāpādā sādhāraṇā, puthujjanassa anāgāmissa ca uddhaṃbhāgiyā saṃyojanā sādhāraṇā, yaṃ kiñci ariyasāvako lokiyaṃ samāpattiṃ samāpajjati, sabbā sā avītarāgehi sādhāraṇā, sādhāraṇā hi dhammā evaṃ aññamaññaṃ paraṃ paraṃ sakaṃ sakaṃ visayaṃ nātivattanti. Yopi imehi dhammehi samannāgato na so taṃ dhammaṃ upātivattati. Ime dhammā sādhāraṇā.
405在那里,什么是不共的法?依教说而应当寻求:有学、无学,堪能者、不堪能者。第八人(向须陀洹者)与须陀洹的欲贪和嗔恚是共通的,但性质不共;第八人与阿那含的上分结是共通的,但性质不共。一切有学的名称是共通的,性质不共;一切行道者的名称是共通的,性质不共;一切有学的有学戒是共通的,性质不共。如是,观察差别的人应当依劣、胜、中等来寻求。
Tattha katame dhammā asādhāraṇā? Yāva desanaṃ upādāya gavesitabbā sekkhāsekkhā bhabbābhabbāti, aṭṭhamakassa sotāpannassa ca kāmarāgabyāpādā sādhāraṇā dhammatā asādhāraṇā, aṭṭhamakassa anāgāmissa ca uddhambhāgiyā saṃyojanā sādhāraṇā dhammatā asādhāraṇā. Sabbesaṃ sekkhānaṃ nāmaṃ sādhāraṇaṃ dhammatā asādhāraṇā. Sabbesaṃ paṭipannakānaṃ nāmaṃ sādhāraṇaṃ dhammatā asādhāraṇā. Sabbesaṃ sekkhānaṃ sekkhasīlaṃ sādhāraṇaṃ dhammatā asādhāraṇā. Evaṃ visesānupassinā hīnukkaṭṭhamajjhimaṃ upādāya gavesitabbaṃ.
406见地是入决定的立足处;修地是证得上上果的立足处;苦行道迟缓证悟是止的立足处;乐行道快速证悟是观的立足处。布施所成的福行事,是他人善言教导的共通立足处;持戒所成的福行事,是思惟所得慧的共通立足处;禅修所成的福行事,是修习所得慧的共通立足处。布施所成的福行事,也是他人善言教导与听闻所得慧的共通立足处;持戒所成的福行事,也是思惟所得慧与如理作意的共通立足处;禅修所成的福行事,也是修习所得慧与正见的共通立足处。安住于合适的地方,是远离与定的共通立足处;亲近善人,是三种绝对信与止的共通立足处;自我正确地立志,是惭与观的共通立足处;舍弃不善,是审察善法及定根的共通立足处;法被善说,是培植善根与进入果定的共通立足处;僧团善修行,是僧团完善的立足处;导师的成就,是令未信者生信、令已信者信心增长的立足处;无碍地守护律仪,是对那些刚强之人的惩治,以及对那些温良之人的安乐的立足处。因此,尊者大迦旃延说:‘法与立足处’。
Dassanabhūmi niyāmāvakkantiyā padaṭṭhānaṃ, bhāvanābhūmi uttarikānaṃ phalānaṃ pattiyā padaṭṭhānaṃ, dukkhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā samathassa padaṭṭhānaṃ, sukhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā vipassanāya padaṭṭhānaṃ, dānamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu parato ghosassa sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ, sīlamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu cintāmayiyā paññāya sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ, bhāvanāmayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu bhāvanāmayiyā paññāya sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Dānamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu parato ca ghosassa sutamayiyā ca paññāya sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ sīlamayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu cintāmayiyā ca paññāya yoniso ca manasikārassa sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ, bhāvanāmayaṃ puññakiriyavatthu bhāvanāmayiyā ca paññāya sammādiṭṭhiyā ca sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Patirūpadesavāso vivekassa ca samādhissa ca sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ, sappurisūpanissayo tiṇṇañca aveccappasādānaṃ samathassa ca sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ, attasammāpaṇidhānaṃ hiriyā ca vipassanāya ca sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ, akusalapariccāgo kusalavīmaṃsāya ca samādhindriyassa ca sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ, dhammasvākkhātatā kusalamūlaropanāya ca phalasamāpattiyā ca sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ, saṅghasuppaṭipannatā saṅghasuṭṭhutāya sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ, satthusampadā appasannānañca pasādāya pasannānañca bhiyyobhāvāya sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ, appaṭihatapātimokkhatā dummaṅkūnañca puggalānaṃ niggahāya pesalānañca puggalānaṃ phāsuvihārāya sādhāraṇaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Tenāha āyasmā mahākaccāyano ‘‘dhammañca padaṭṭhāna’’nti.
407相应分析线
Niyutto vibhatti hāro.
4089. 转变线分别
9. Parivattanahāravibhaṅgo
35其中,什么是转起摄?是关于‘善法和不善法’的。对于具有正见的人,他的邪见已被灭尽;那些以邪见为缘而生起的众多罪恶、不善之法,也都被灭尽;以正见为缘,许多善法生起,那些善法达到修习的圆满。对于具有正思惟的人,邪思惟被灭尽;那些以邪思惟为缘而生起的众多罪恶、不善之法,也都被灭尽;以正思惟为缘,许多善法生起,那些善法达到修习的圆满。同样地,对于具有正语的人、正业的人、正命的人、正精进的人、正念的人、正定的人、正解脱的人、正解脱智见的人,他们的邪解脱智见被灭尽;那些以邪解脱智见为缘而生起的众多罪恶、不善之法,也都被灭尽;以正解脱智见为缘,许多善法生起,那些善法达到修习的圆满。
Tattha katamo parivattano hāro? ‘‘Kusalākusale dhamme’’ti. Sammādiṭṭhissa purisapuggalassa micchādiṭṭhi nijjiṇṇā bhavati. Ye cassa micchādiṭṭhipaccayā uppajjeyyuṃ aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā, te cassa nijjiṇṇā honti. Sammādiṭṭhipaccayā cassa aneke kusalā dhammā sambhavanti, te cassa bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchanti. Sammāsaṅkappassa purisapuggalassa micchāsaṅkappo nijjiṇṇo bhavati. Ye cassa micchāsaṅkappapaccayā uppajjeyyuṃ aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā, te cassa nijjiṇṇā honti. Sammāsaṅkappapaccayā cassa aneke kusalā dhammā sambhavanti. Te cassa bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchanti. Evaṃ sammāvācassa sammākammantassa sammāājīvassa sammāvāyāmassa sammāsatissa sammāsamādhissa sammāvimuttassa sammāvimuttiñāṇadassanassa purisapuggalassa micchāvimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ nijjiṇṇaṃ bhavati. Ye cassa micchāvimuttiñāṇadassanapaccayā uppajjeyyuṃ aneke pāpakā akusalā dhammā, te cassa nijjiṇṇā honti. Sammāvimuttiñāṇadassanapaccayā cassa aneke kusalā dhammā sambhavanti, te cassa bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchanti.
36对于远离杀生的人,杀生已被断除;对于远离不与取的人,不与取已被断除;对于行持梵行的人,非梵行已被断除;对于说真实语的人,妄语已被断除;对于不说离间语的人,离间语已被断除;对于说柔和语的人,粗暴语已被断除;对于说话适时的人,闲杂语已被断除;对于无贪欲的人,贪欲已被断除;对于心无恼害的人,恼害已被断除;对于具足正见的人,邪见已被断除。
Yassa vā pāṇātipātā paṭiviratassa pāṇātipāto pahīno hoti. Adinnādānā paṭiviratassa adinnādānaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti. Brahmacārissa abrahmacariyaṃ pahīnaṃ hoti. Saccavādissa musāvādo pahīno hoti. Apisuṇavācassa pisuṇā vācā pahīnā hoti. Saṇhavācassa pharusā vācā pahīnā hoti. Kālavādissa samphappalāpo pahīno hoti. Anabhijjhālussa abhijjhā pahīnā hoti. Abyāpannacittassa byāpādo pahīno hoti. Sammādiṭṭhissa micchādiṭṭhi pahīnā hoti.
411凡是诽谤圣八支道的人,他们会招来现见的、同法者应得的谴责与批评。这些先生们,他们诽谤正见这个法;既然如此,那些持有邪见的人,反而成了这些先生们供养和赞叹的对象。同样地,这些先生们诽谤正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定、正解脱、正解脱智见这些法;既然如此,那些持有邪解脱智见的人,反而成了这些先生们供养和赞叹的对象。
Ye ca kho keci ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ garahanti, nesaṃ sandiṭṭhikā sahadhammikā gārayhā vādānuvādā āgacchanti. Sammādiṭṭhiñca te bhavanto dhammaṃ garahanti. Tena hi ye micchādiṭṭhikā, tesaṃ bhavantānaṃ pujjā ca pāsaṃsā ca. Evaṃ sammāsaṅkappaṃ sammāvācaṃ sammākammantaṃ sammāājīvaṃ sammāvāyāmaṃ sammāsatiṃ sammāsamādhiṃ sammāvimuttiṃ sammāvimuttiñāṇadassanañca te bhavanto dhammaṃ garahanti. Tena hi ye micchāvimuttiñāṇadassanā, tesaṃ bhavantānaṃ pujjā ca pāsaṃsā ca.
412凡是有人这样说:‘诸欲应该去享用,应该去受用,应该去亲近,应该去依止,应该去修习,应该去反复修习’,那么对于这些人来说,远离诸欲就成了非法。
Ye ca kho keci evamāhaṃsu ‘‘bhuñjitabbā kāmā, paribhuñjitabbā kāmā, āsevitabbā kāmā, nisevitabbā kāmā, bhāvayitabbā kāmā, bahulīkātabbā kāmā’’ti. Kāmehi veramaṇī tesaṃ adhammo.
413又,凡是有人这样说:‘自我折磨的修行即是法’,那么对他们来说,能导向出离的法就成了非法;凡是有人这样说:‘苦即是法’,那么对他们来说,乐就成了非法。又比如,一位比丘安住在观察一切诸行为不净,他的‘净’想便被舍断;安住在观察苦,他的‘乐’想便被舍断;安住在观察无常,他的‘常’想便被舍断;安住在观察无我,他的‘我’想便被舍断。同样地,无论他对什么法感到喜好或去亲近,那个法的对立面,就成了他所不喜的、所不接受的。因此,尊者大迦旃延说:‘善法和不善法’。
Ye vā pana keci evamāhaṃsu ‘‘attakilamathānuyogo dhammo’’ti. Niyyāniko tesaṃ dhammo adhammo. Ye ca kho keci evamāhaṃsu ‘‘dukkho dhammo’’ti. Sukho tesaṃ dhammo adhammo. Yathā vā pana bhikkhuno sabbasaṅkhāresu asubhānupassino viharato subhasaññā pahīyanti. Dukkhānupassino viharato sukhasaññā pahīyanti. Aniccānupassino viharato niccasaññā pahīyanti. Anattānupassino viharato attasaññā pahīyanti. Yaṃ yaṃ vā pana dhammaṃ rocayati vā upagacchati vā, tassa tassa dhammassa yo paṭipakkho, svassa aniṭṭhato ajjhāpanno bhavati. Tenāha āyasmā mahākaccāyano ‘‘kusalākusaladhamme’’ti.
414相应转变线
Niyutto parivattano hāro.
41510. 同义语线分别
10. Vevacanahāravibhaṅgo
37什么是同义词项链法?‘同义词有很多种’。就像世尊将一个法,用各种不同的同义词来指示。正如世尊所说:
Tattha katamo vevacano hāro? ‘‘Vevacanāni bahūnī’’ti. Yathā ekaṃ bhagavā dhammaṃ aññamaññehi vevacanehi niddisati. Yathāha bhagavā –
417“希望、渴求与欢喜,这些箭在众多界中安立;
‘‘Āsā ca pihā abhinandanā ca, anekadhātūsu sarā patiṭṭhitā;
418它们由无明为根而生起,被渴爱所缠;所有这一切连同其根,已被我完全根除。”
Aññāṇamūlappabhavā pajappitā, sabbā mayā byantikatā samūlikā’’ti.
419所谓希望,是对未来的利益有所期盼,认定‘必定会到来’,于是生起希望。所谓渴求,是对当前的利益有欲求,比如看到更好的事物,就产生‘要是能像那样就好了’的渴求。所谓欢喜,是对利益的实现感到欣喜并守护,或者喜欢可爱的亲人,或者喜欢可爱的法,或者从不排斥的角度感到欢喜。
nāma vuccati yā bhavissassa atthassa āsīsanā avassaṃ āgamissatīti āsāssa uppajjati. Pihā nāma yā vattamānassa atthassa patthanā, seyyataraṃ vā disvā ‘‘ediso bhaveyya’’nti pihāssa uppajjati. Atthanipphattipaṭipālanā abhinandanā nāma, piyaṃ vā ñātiṃ abhinandati, piyaṃ vā dhammaṃ abhinandati, appaṭikūlato vā abhinandati.
420即:眼界、色界、眼识界;耳界、声界、耳识界;鼻界、香界、鼻识界;舌界、味界、舌识界;身界、触界、身识界;意界、法界、意识界。
ti cakkhudhātu rūpadhātu cakkhuviññāṇadhātu, sotadhātu saddadhātu sotaviññāṇadhātu, ghānadhātu gandhadhātu ghānaviññāṇadhātu, jivhādhātu rasadhātu jivhāviññāṇadhātu , kāyadhātu phoṭṭhabbadhātu kāyaviññāṇadhātu, manodhātu dhammadhātu manoviññāṇadhātu.
421有些人是色胜解者,有些是声胜解者,有些是香胜解者,有些是味胜解者,有些是触胜解者,有些是法胜解者。其中,六种依于世俗的忧、六种依于世俗的喜、六种依于出离的忧、六种依于出离的喜,这二十四事属于渴爱部分,这是渴爱的同义词。而六种依于世俗的舍,属于邪见部分。
ti keci rūpādhimuttā keci saddādhimuttā keci gandhādhimuttā keci rasādhimuttā keci phoṭṭhabbādhimuttā keci dhammādhimuttā. Tattha yāni cha gehasitāni domanassāni yāni ca cha gehasitāni somanassāni yāni ca cha nekkhammasitāni domanassāni yāni ca cha nekkhammasitāni somanassāni, imāni catuvīsapadāni taṇhāpakkho, taṇhāya etaṃ vevacanaṃ. Yā cha upekkhā gehasitā, ayaṃ diṭṭhipakkho.
38以那种渴求的方式,即法喜、法爱、法执着——这些是渴爱的同义词。心、意、识——这些是心的同义词。意根、意界、意处、了知——这些是意的同义词。慧根、慧力、增上慧、学、慧、慧蕴、择法觉支、智、正见、审察、观、于法智、于义智、于类智、于灭智、于无生智、未知当知根、已知根、具知根、眼、明、觉、广慧、聪慧、光明,或者还有任何其他同类的——这些是慧的同义词。五根是出世间的,一切皆是慧。再者,依增上的意义为信,依策励的意义为精进,依不漂浮的意义为念,依不散乱的意义为定,依了知的意义为慧。
Sāyeva patthanākārena dhammanandī dhammapemaṃ dhammajjhosānanti taṇhāya etaṃ vevacanaṃ. Cittaṃ mano viññāṇanti cittassa etaṃ vevacanaṃ. Manindriyaṃ manodhātu manāyatanaṃ vijānanāti manassetaṃ vevacanaṃ. Paññindriyaṃ paññābalaṃ adhipaññā sikkhā paññā paññākkhandho dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo ñāṇaṃ sammādiṭṭhi tīraṇā vipassanā dhamme ñāṇaṃ atthe ñāṇaṃ anvaye ñāṇaṃ khaye ñāṇaṃ anuppāde ñāṇaṃ anaññātaññassāmītindriyaṃ aññindriyaṃ aññātāvindriyaṃ cakkhu vijjā buddhi bhūri medhā āloko, yaṃ vā pana yaṃ kiñci aññaṃpi evaṃ jātiyaṃ, paññāya etaṃ vevacanaṃ. Pañcindriyāni lokuttarāni, sabbā paññā. Api ca ādhipateyyaṭṭhena saddhā, ārambhaṭṭhena vīriyaṃ, apilāpanaṭṭhena sati, avikkhepaṭṭhena samādhi, pajānanaṭṭhena paññā.
423正如在佛随念中所说:‘那位世尊是阿拉汉、正等正觉者、明行足、善逝、世间解、无上调御丈夫、天人师、佛、世尊。’成就了力、达到了无畏、获得了无碍解、断除了四轭、超越了不走正道的行为、拔除了箭、伤口不再生长、粉碎了荆棘、熄灭了烦恼的躁动、超越了结缚、解开了结缚、超越了贪着、打破了黑暗、具有眼、超越了世间法、脱离了随喜和排斥、在可爱与不可爱的法上不执着、超越了系缚、终止了争斗、更胜妙、持着火炬、作光明者、作辉耀者、驱除黑暗者、舍弃尘垢者、具有无量功德、不可测量的功德、不可计数的功德、作光辉者、作光明者、作法的光明与辉耀者,以及诸佛世尊——这些是佛随念的同义词。
Yathā ca buddhānussatiyaṃ vuttaṃ itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṃ buddho bhagavā. Balanipphattigato vesārajjappatto adhigatappaṭisambhido catuyogavippahīno agatigamanavītivatto uddhaṭasallo nirūḷhavaṇo madditakaṇḍako nibbāpitapariyuṭṭhāno bandhanātīto ganthaviniveṭhano ajjhāsayavītivatto bhinnandhakāro cakkhumā lokadhammasamatikkanto anurodhavirodhavippayutto iṭṭhāniṭṭhesu dhammesu asaṅkhepagato bandhanātivatto ṭhapitasaṅgāmo abhikkantataro ukkādharo ālokakaro pajjotakaro tamonudo raṇañjaho aparimāṇavaṇṇo appameyyavaṇṇo asaṅkheyyavaṇṇo ābhaṃkaro pabhaṃkaro dhammobhāsapajjotakaroti ca buddhā bhagavantoti ca buddhānussatiyā etaṃ vevacanaṃ.
424正如在法随念中所说:‘法被世尊善说、是自见的、无时的、来见的、引导向前的、是智者各自证知的。’也就是:摧破骄慢、消除渴求、根除执着、切断流转、空且极难得、渴爱灭尽、离贪、灭、涅槃。
Yathā ca dhammānussatiyaṃ vuttaṃ svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhi. Yadidaṃ madanimmadano pipāsavinayo ālayasamugghāṭo vaṭṭūpacchedo suññato atidullabho taṇhakkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbānaṃ.
425无为、无终、无漏,以及真实、彼岸、微妙、极难见;
‘‘Asaṅkhataṃ anataṃ anāsavañca, saccañca pāraṃ nipuṇaṃ sududdasaṃ;
426不老、恒常、不衰败、无显现、无戏论、寂静。
Ajajjaraṃ dhuvaṃ apalokitaṃ , anidassanaṃ nippapañca santaṃ.
427不死、殊胜、吉祥、安稳,渴爱灭尽、稀有、未曾有;
‘‘Amataṃ paṇītañca sivañca khemaṃ, taṇhākkhayo acchariyañca abbhutaṃ;
428无灾、无灾法——这就是善逝所教导的涅槃。
Anītikaṃ anītikadhammaṃ , nibbānametaṃ sugatena desitaṃ.
429不生、不有、无灾祸,非造作、无忧也无悲;
‘‘Ajātaṃ abhūtaṃ anupaddavañca, akataṃ asokañca atho visokaṃ;
430无恼害、无恼害法——这就是善逝所教导的涅槃。
Anūpasaggaṃnupasaggadhammaṃ, nibbānametaṃ sugatena desitaṃ.
431甚深、难见,殊胜且无上;
‘‘Gambhīrañceva duppassaṃ, uttarañca anuttaraṃ;
432无比、无与伦比,被称为最尊、最胜。
Asamaṃ appaṭisamaṃ, jeṭṭhaṃ seṭṭhanti vuccati.
433庇护所、救护、无诤、无垢、平正——这被称为清净;
‘‘Leṇañca tāṇaṃ araṇaṃ anaṅgaṇaṃ, akāca metaṃ vimalanti vuccati;
434“岛屿、安乐、无量、庇护,无所有、无可执取”,这是对此(佛随念)的别称。
Dīpo sukhaṃ appamāṇaṃ patiṭṭhā, akiñcanaṃ appapañcanti vutta’’nti.
435这是法随念的别称。
Dhammānussatiyā etaṃ vevacanaṃ.
436正如僧随念中所说:“善行道者、正直行道者、如理行道者、正当行道者,也就是这四双八辈之士——这位世尊的声闻僧伽,是应受供奉、应受款待、应受布施、应受合掌礼敬者,是世间无上的福田。他们戒行圆满、定力圆满、智慧圆满、解脱圆满、解脱知见的观照圆满。他们是众生的精华,是众生的精髓,是众生的拔济者,是众生的支柱,如善瑞母牛般应受人天崇敬。”这是僧随念的别称。
Yathā ca saṅghānussatiyaṃ vuttaṃ suppaṭipanno ujuppaṭipanno ñāyappaṭipanno sāmīcippaṭipanno yadidaṃ cattāri purisayugāni aṭṭha purisapuggalā esa bhagavato sāvakasaṅgho āhuneyyo pāhuneyyo dakkhiṇeyyo añjalikaraṇīyo anuttaraṃ puññakkhettaṃ lokassa, sīlasampanno samādhisampanno paññāsampanno vimuttisampanno vimuttiñāṇadassanasampanno sattānaṃ sāro sattānaṃ maṇḍo sattānaṃ uddhāro sattānaṃ esikā sattānaṃ surabhipasūnaṃ pujjo devānañca manussānañcāti saṅghānussatiyā etaṃ vevacanaṃ.
437又如戒随念中所说:“那些戒,是无缺坏、无穿孔、无斑点、无杂色的;是圣德、圣人所乐、自在、为智者所称叹、无执取的;是能引生定力的。戒,是装饰——因为它有最上、殊胜的庄严功能;戒,是宝藏——因为它能超越一切欠缺不足;戒,是技艺——因为它能洞穿不利时机;戒,是堤岸——因为它有不可逾越之义;戒,是财富——因为它能断除贫穷匮乏;戒,是明镜——因为可以从中照见法;戒,是宫殿——因为可以从中观览;戒,是周遍一切处的随转——因为它以不死为终点。”这是戒随念的别称。
Yathā ca sīlānussatiyaṃ vuttaṃ yāni tāni sīlāni akhaṇḍāni acchiddāni asabalāni akammāsāni ariyāni ariyakantāni bhujissāni viññuppasatthāni aparāmaṭṭhāni samādhisaṃvattanikāni, alaṅkāro ca sīlaṃ uttamaṅgopasobhaṇatāya, nidhānañca sīlaṃ sabbadobhaggasamatikkamanaṭṭhena , sippañca sīlaṃ akkhaṇavedhitāya, velā ca sīlaṃ anatikkamanaṭṭhena, dhaññañca sīlaṃ daliddopacchedanaṭṭhena , ādāso ca sīlaṃ dhammavolokanatāya, pāsādo ca sīlaṃ volokanaṭṭhena, sabbabhūmānuparivatti ca sīlaṃ amatapariyosānanti sīlānussatiyā etaṃ vevacanaṃ.
438又如施随念中所说:“当圣弟子在家居住时,心意慷慨、双手洁净、乐于舍弃、喜好应人所求、乐于将布施之物分享出去。”这是施随念的别称。因此,具寿大迦旃延说了“别称有多种”这句话。
Yathā ca cāgānussatiyaṃ vuttaṃ yasmiṃ samaye ariyasāvako agāraṃ ajjhāvasati muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgaratoti cāgānussatiyā etaṃ vevacanaṃ. Tenāha āyasmā mahākaccāyano ‘‘vevacanāni bahūnī’’ti.
439相应同义语线
Niyutto vevacano hāro.
44011. 施设线分别
11. Paññattihāravibhaṅgo
39其中,什么是“安立摄”?“世尊以一种法,通过种种安立方式来教导”,这就是安立摄。
Tattha katamo paññattihāro? ‘‘Ekaṃ bhagavā dhammaṃ paññattīhi vividhāhi desetī’’ti.
442以自然法说之法,这是安立概念。什么是‘以自然法说之法’?就是四圣谛。如同世尊所说:‘这是苦’,这是对五蕴、六界、十八界、十二处、十根所作的概念安立。
Yā pakatikathāya desanā. Ayaṃ nikkhepapaññatti. Kā ca pakatikathāya desanā, cattāri saccāni. Yathā bhagavā āha ‘‘idaṃ dukkha’’nti ayaṃ paññatti pañcannaṃ khandhānaṃ channaṃ dhātūnaṃ aṭṭhārasannaṃ dhātūnaṃ dvādasannaṃ āyatanānaṃ dasannaṃ indriyānaṃ nikkhepapaññatti.
443比丘们,如果对于抟食有贪、有喜、有渴爱,识就会在那里确立、生长。识在哪里确立、生长,名色就会在哪里降入。名色在哪里降入,诸行就会在哪里增长。诸行在哪里增长,未来就会在哪里再生。未来在哪里再生,未来就会有生、老、死。比丘们,我说:未来有生、老、死的地方,是带忧愁、带痛苦、带忧恼的。
Kabaḷīkāre ce, bhikkhave, āhāre atthi rāgo atthi nandī atthi taṇhā, patiṭṭhitaṃ tattha viññāṇaṃ virūḷhaṃ. Yattha patiṭṭhitaṃ viññāṇaṃ virūḷhaṃ, atthi tattha nāmarūpassa avakkanti. Yattha atthi nāmarūpassa avakkanti, atthi tattha saṅkhārānaṃ vuddhi . Yattha atthi saṅkhārānaṃ vuddhi, atthi tattha āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbatti. Yattha atthi āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbatti, atthi tattha āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇaṃ. Yattha atthi āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇaṃ, sasokaṃ taṃ, bhikkhave, sadaraṃ saupāyāsanti vadāmi.
444比丘们,如果对于触食……(中略)……对于意思食,比丘们,如果对于识食有贪、有喜、有渴爱,识就会在那里确立、生长。识在哪里确立、生长,名色就会在哪里降入。名色在哪里降入,诸行就会在哪里增长。诸行在哪里增长,未来就会在哪里再生。未来在哪里再生,未来就会有生、老、死。比丘们,我说:未来有生、老、死的地方,是带忧愁、带痛苦、带忧恼的。这是苦与苦集的生起安立。
Phasse ce…pe… manosañcetanāya ce, bhikkhave, āhāre. Viññāṇe ce, bhikkhave, āhāre atthi rāgo atthi nandī atthi taṇhā, patiṭṭhitaṃ tattha viññāṇaṃ virūḷhaṃ. Yattha patiṭṭhitaṃ viññāṇaṃ virūḷhaṃ, atthi tattha nāmarūpassa avakkanti. Yattha atthi nāmarūpassa avakkanti , atthi tattha saṅkhārānaṃ vuddhi. Yattha atthi saṅkhārānaṃ vuddhi, atthi tattha āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbatti. Yattha atthi āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbatti, atthi tattha āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇaṃ. Yattha atthi āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇaṃ, sasokaṃ taṃ, bhikkhave, sadaraṃ saupāyāsanti vadāmi. Ayaṃ pabhavapaññatti dukkhassa ca samudayassa ca.
445比丘们,如果对于抟食没有贪、没有喜、没有渴爱,识就不会在那里确立、不会生长。识不在哪里确立、生长,名色就不会在哪里降入。名色不在哪里降入,诸行就不会在哪里增长。诸行不在哪里增长,未来就不会在哪里再生。未来不在哪里再生,未来就不会有生、老、死。比丘们,我说:未来没有生、老、死的地方,是没有忧愁、没有痛苦、没有忧恼的。
Kabaḷīkāre ce, bhikkhave , āhāre natthi rāgo natthi nandī natthi taṇhā, appatiṭṭhitaṃ tattha viññāṇaṃ avirūḷhaṃ. Yattha appatiṭṭhitaṃ viññāṇaṃ avirūḷhaṃ, natthi tattha nāmarūpassa avakkanti. Yattha natthi nāmarūpassa avakkanti, natthi tattha saṅkhārānaṃ vuddhi. Yattha natthi saṅkhārānaṃ vuddhi, natthi tattha āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbatti. Yattha natthi āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbatti, natthi tattha āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇaṃ. Yattha natthi āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇaṃ, asokaṃ taṃ, bhikkhave, adaraṃ anupāyāsanti vadāmi.
446比丘们,如果对于触食……(中略)……对于意思食,比丘们,如果对于识食没有贪、没有喜、没有渴爱,识就不会在那里确立、不会生长。识不在哪里确立、生长,名色就不会在哪里降入。名色不在哪里降入,诸行就不会在哪里增长。诸行不在哪里增长,未来就不会在哪里再生。未来不在哪里再生,未来就不会有生、老、死。比丘们,我说:未来没有生、老、死的地方,是没有忧愁、没有痛苦、没有忧恼的。
Phasse ce…pe… manosañcetanāya ce, bhikkhave, āhāre. Viññāṇe ce, bhikkhave, āhāre natthi rāgo natthi nandī natthi taṇhā, appatiṭṭhitaṃ tattha viññāṇaṃ avirūḷhaṃ. Yattha appatiṭṭhitaṃ viññāṇaṃ avirūḷhaṃ, natthi tattha nāmarūpassa avakkanti. Yattha natthi nāmarūpassa avakkanti, natthi tattha saṅkhārānaṃ vuddhi. Yattha natthi saṅkhārānaṃ vuddhi, natthi tattha āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbatti. Yattha natthi āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbatti, natthi tattha āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇaṃ. Yattha natthi āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇaṃ, asokaṃ taṃ, bhikkhave, adaraṃ anupāyāsanti vadāmi.
447这是对于苦的遍知安立,对于集的断除安立,对于道的修习安立,对于灭的作证安立。
Ayaṃ pariññāpaññatti dukkhassa, pahānapaññatti samudayassa, bhāvanāpaññatti maggassa, sacchikiriyāpaññatti nirodhassa.
40比丘们,应修习定。不放逸、具念、具慧、入定的比丘,如实了知。他如实了知什么呢?如实了知‘眼无常’,如实了知‘色无常’,如实了知‘眼识无常’,如实了知‘眼触无常’。而以眼触为缘生起的感受——乐的、苦的或不苦不乐的,他也如实了知那都是无常的。
Samādhiṃ, bhikkhave, bhāvetha. Appamatto nipako sato, samāhito, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Kiñca yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti? ‘‘Cakkhu anicca’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. ‘‘Rūpā aniccā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti ‘‘cakkhuviññāṇaṃ anicca’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. ‘‘Cakkhusamphasso anicco’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Yampidaṃ cakkhusamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā, tampi aniccanti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti.
449耳……鼻……舌……身……如实了知‘意无常’,如实了知‘法无常’,如实了知‘意识无常’,如实了知‘意触无常’。而以意触为缘生起的感受——乐的、苦的或不苦不乐的,他也如实了知那都是无常的。
Sotaṃ …pe… ghānaṃ…pe… jivhā…pe… kāyo…pe… ‘‘mano anicco’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. ‘‘Dhammā aniccā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. ‘‘Manoviññāṇaṃ anicca’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. ‘‘Manosamphasso anicco’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Yampidaṃ manosamphassapaccayā uppajjati vedayitaṃ sukhaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vā, tampi aniccanti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti.
450这是关于道应修习的教导,关于苦应遍知的教导,关于集应断除的教导,关于灭应作证的教导。
Ayaṃ bhāvanāpaññatti maggassa, pariññāpaññatti dukkhassa, pahānapaññatti samudayassa, sacchikiriyāpaññatti nirodhassa.
451罗陀!你们要拆散色、粉碎色、击破色、把它弄成没法玩的把戏,用智慧去实践渴爱的灭尽。渴爱灭尽则苦灭尽,苦灭尽就是涅槃。受……想……行……识,也要拆散、粉碎、击破、把它们弄成没法玩的把戏,用智慧去实践渴爱的灭尽。渴爱灭尽则苦灭尽,苦灭尽就是涅槃。
Rūpaṃ , rādha, vikiratha vidhamatha viddhaṃsetha vikīḷaniyaṃ karotha, paññāya taṇhakkhayāya paṭipajjatha. Taṇhakkhayā dukkhakkhayo, dukkhakkhayā nibbānaṃ. Vedanaṃ…pe…. Saññaṃ…pe… saṅkhāre viññāṇaṃ vikiratha vidhamatha viddhaṃsetha vikīḷaniyaṃ karotha, paññāya taṇhakkhayāya paṭipajjatha. Taṇhakkhayā dukkhakkhayo, dukkhakkhayā nibbānaṃ.
452这是关于灭的灭尽的教导,关于乐的厌离的教导,关于苦的遍知的教导,关于集的断除的教导,关于道的修习的教导,关于灭的作证的教导。
Ayaṃ nirodhapaññatti nirodhassa, nibbidāpaññatti assādassa, pariññāpaññatti dukkhassa, pahānapaññatti samudayassa, bhāvanāpaññatti maggassa, sacchikiriyāpaññatti nirodhassa.
453他如实了知‘这是苦’,如实了知‘这是苦的集’,如实了知‘这是苦的灭’,如实了知‘这是导向苦灭的道路’。
‘‘So idaṃ dukkha’’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti ‘‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti.
454这是关于[诸圣谛]的通智施设;这是关于见地的安置施设;这是关于修行的修道施设;这是关于入流果的证悟施设。"这些就是诸漏"——他如实了知;"这是漏的集起"——他如实了知;"这是漏的息灭"——他如实了知;"这是导向漏的息灭的修行道"——他如实了知;"这些漏会无余地息灭"——他如实了知。
Ayaṃ paṭivedhapaññatti saccānaṃ, nikkhepapaññatti dassanabhūmiyā, bhāvanāpaññatti maggassa, sacchikiriyāpaññatti sotāpattiphalassa. ‘‘So ime āsavā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ āsavasamudayo’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘‘ayaṃ āsavanirodho’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. ‘‘Ayaṃ āsavanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. ‘‘Ime āsavā asesaṃ nirujjhantī’’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti.
455这是关于[漏]尽智的生起施设;这是关于无生智的处所施设;这是关于修行的修道施设;这是关于苦的遍知施设;这是关于[苦]集起的断除施设;这是关于精进根的策励施设;这是关于[世间]希望的粉碎施设;这是关于修习地的安置施设;这是关于恶、不善法的摧毁施设。
Ayaṃ uppādapaññatti khaye ñāṇassa, okāsapaññatti anuppāde ñāṇassa, bhāvanāpaññatti maggassa, pariññāpaññatti dukkhassa, pahānapaññatti samudayassa, ārambhapaññatti vīriyindriyassa, āsāṭanapaññatti āsāṭikānaṃ, nikkhepapaññatti bhāvanābhūmiyā, abhinighātapaññatti pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ.
41"这是苦"——比丘们,对于我来说,在对这些之前从未听闻过的法义上,生起了眼睛,生起了智慧,生起了慧观,生起了明觉,生起了光明。"这是苦的集起"——比丘们……(中略)……"这是苦的息灭"——比丘们……(中略)……"这是导向苦的息灭的修行道"——比丘们,对于我来说,在对这些之前从未听闻过的法义上,生起了眼睛,生起了智慧,生起了慧观,生起了明觉,生起了光明。
Idaṃ ‘‘dukkha’’nti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi, ñāṇaṃ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi. Ayaṃ ‘‘dukkhasamudayo’’ti me, bhikkhave…pe… ayaṃ ‘‘dukkhanirodho’’ti me, bhikkhave…pe…. Ayaṃ ‘‘dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi, ñāṇaṃ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi.
457这是关于[四圣]谛的宣说施设;这是关于所闻慧的安置施设;这是关于'我将知未知'之根的证悟施设;这是关于法轮的转动施设。
Ayaṃ desanāpaññatti saccānaṃ, nikkhepapaññatti sutamayiyā paññāya sacchikiriyāpaññatti anaññātaññassāmītindriyassa, pavattanāpaññatti dhammacakkassa.
458"而且,这个苦应当被遍知"——比丘们,对于我来说,在对这些之前从未听闻过的法义上,生起了眼睛,生起了智慧,生起了慧观,生起了明觉,生起了光明。"而且,这个苦的集起应当被断除"——比丘们……(中略)……"而且,这个苦的息灭应当被证悟"——比丘们……(中略)……"而且,这个导向苦的息灭的修行道应当被修习"——比丘们,对于我来说,在对这些之前从未听闻过的法义上,生起了眼睛,生起了智慧,生起了慧观,生起了明觉,生起了光明。
‘‘Taṃ kho panidaṃ dukkhaṃ pariññeyya’’nti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi, ñāṇaṃ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi. ‘‘So kho panāyaṃ dukkhasamudayo pahātabbo’’ti me, bhikkhave…pe… ‘‘so kho panāyaṃ dukkhanirodho sacchikātabbo’’ti me, bhikkhave…pe… ‘‘sā kho panāyaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā bhāvetabbā’’ti me, bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi, ñāṇaṃ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi.
459这是关于修行的修道施设;这是关于思所成慧的安置施设;这是关于已知之根的证悟施设。
Ayaṃ bhāvanāpaññatti maggassa, nikkhepapaññatti cintāmayiyā paññāya, sacchikiriyāpaññatti aññindriyassa.
460“比丘们,在那之前,我对于从所未闻的法,生起了‘这苦已被遍知’的眼、生起了智、生起了慧、生起了明、生起了光明。比丘们,在那之前,我对于从所未闻的法,生起了‘这苦集已被舍断’的眼……(中略)……生起了‘这苦灭已被证得’的眼……(中略)……生起了‘这导至苦灭之道已被修习’的眼、生起了智、生起了慧、生起了明、生起了光明。这是道的修习施设,是修所成慧的安立施设,是知者根的证得施设,是法轮的转起施设。”
‘‘Taṃ kho panidaṃ dukkhaṃ pariññāta’’nti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi, ñāṇaṃ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi. ‘‘So kho panāyaṃ dukkhasamudayo pahīno’’ti me, bhikkhave…pe… ‘‘so kho panāyaṃ dukkhanirodho sacchikato’’ti me, bhikkhave…pe… ‘‘sā kho panāyaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā bhāvitā’’ti me, bhikkhave pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhuṃ udapādi, ñāṇaṃ udapādi, paññā udapādi, vijjā udapādi, āloko udapādi. Ayaṃ bhāvanāpaññatti maggassa, nikkhepapaññatti bhāvanāmayiyā paññāya, sacchikiriyāpaññatti aññātāvino indriyassa, pavattanāpaññatti dhammacakkassa.
461“可量、不可量与生成,贤者舍弃了再有之行;”
‘‘Tulamatulañca sambhavaṃ, bhavasaṅkhāramavassaji muni;
462“自我内悦、入定,他打破了如甲的再有之生。”
Ajjhattarato samāhito, abhindi kavacamivattasambhava’’nti.
463“可量的”指行界。“不可量的”指涅槃界,“可量、不可量与生成”是对一切法的证智施设。这是对法无碍解的安立施设。“贤者舍弃了再有之行”是对集的舍离施设。这是对苦的遍知施设。“自我内悦、入定”是对身至念的修习施设。这是对心一境性的安住施设。“他打破了如甲的再有之生”是对心的彻底厌离施设,是对一切知性的执取施设,是对无明卵壳的破开施设。因此,世尊说:“可量、不可量与生成”。
‘‘Tula’’nti saṅkhāradhātu. ‘‘Atula’’nti nibbānadhātu, ‘‘tulamatulañca sambhava’’nti abhiññāpaññatti sabbadhammānaṃ. Nikkhepapaññatti dhammapaṭisambhidāya. ‘‘Bhavasaṅkhāramavassaji munī’’ti pariccāgapaññatti samudayassa. Pariññāpaññatti dukkhassa. ‘‘Ajjhattarato samāhito’’ti bhāvanāpaññatti kāyagatāya satiyā. Ṭhitipaññatti cittekaggatāya. ‘‘Abhindi kavacamivattasambhava’’nti abhinibbidāpaññatti cittassa, upādānapaññatti sabbaññutāya, padālanāpaññatti avijjaṇḍakosānaṃ. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘tulamatulañca sambhava’’nti.
464谁若见到了苦,以及苦的源头,那人又怎会倾心于欲乐呢?
Yo dukkhamaddakkhi yatonidānaṃ, kāmesu so jantu kathaṃ nameyya;
465应当知道,欲乐在世间就是绑缚,具念者应当为了调伏它们而修学。
Kāmā hi loke saṅgoti ñatvā, tesaṃ satīmā vinayāya sikkheti.
466‘谁见苦’——这是苦的同义表示,也是苦的遍知表示。‘从何因’——这是起源的表示,也是集之应断的表示。‘见’(ti)——这是智眼的同义表示,也是通达的表示。‘欲’(ti)——这是欲爱的同义表示,也是执著的表示。‘视为怨敌’——这是将诸欲看成敌人的表示。因为诸欲被譬喻为火坑、肉块、火焰、悬崖与蛇。‘损减’(ti)——为了断除而作的损减表示。‘安立’(ti)——对身至念的安立表示。‘修习’(ti)——对道的修习表示。‘通达’(ti)——对贪的调伏、嗔的调伏、痴的调伏的通达表示。‘瑜伽者’(ti)——瑜伽者的同义表示。当瑜伽者了知‘诸欲是结缚’时,他为了不让诸欲生起,便令善法生起;他为了未生善法的生起而精勤,这是为了获得未得之法的精勤表示。‘安立’(ti)——这是对少许便不满足的安立表示。在那里,他对已生善法的安住而精勤,这是对修习不放逸的表示,是对精进根的安立表示,是对善法的守护表示,是对增上心学的住立表示。因此世尊说:‘谁见了苦及其所依。’
‘‘Yo dukkha’’nti vevacanapaññatti ca dukkhassa pariññāpaññatti ca. nti pabhavapaññatti ca samudayassa pahānapaññatti ca. ti vevacanapaññatti ca ñāṇacakkhussa paṭivedhapaññatti ca. ti vevacanapaññatti ca kāmataṇhāya abhinivesapaññatti ca. ti paccatthikato dassanapaññatti kāmānaṃ. Kāmā hi aṅgārakāsūpamā maṃsapesūpamā pāvakakappā papātauragopamā ca. ti apacayapaññatti pahānāya, nikkhepapaññatti kāyagatāya satiyā, bhāvanāpaññatti maggassa. ti paṭivedhapaññatti rāgavinayassa dosavinayassa mohavinayassa. ti vevacanapaññatti yogissa. Yadā hi yogī kāmā saṅgoti pajānāti. So kāmānaṃ anuppādāya kusale dhamme uppādayati, so anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya vāyamati. Ayaṃ vāyāmapaññatti appattassa pattiyā. Nikkhepapaññatti oramattikāya asantuṭṭhiyā. Tattha so uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā vāyamatīti ayaṃ appamādapaññatti bhāvanāya, nikkhepapaññatti vīriyindriyassa, ārakkhapaññatti kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ, ṭhitipaññatti adhicittasikkhāya. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘yo dukkhamaddakkhi yatonidāna’’nti.
467被愚痴所缚的世间,看起来好像庄严相好;
‘‘Mohasambandhano loko, bhabbarūpova dissati;
468被依着所缚的愚人,被黑暗所包围;
Upadhibandhano bālo, tamasā parivārito;
469看起来好像没有光彩,然而对于观见者,已没有任何可执取的东西。
Assirī viya khāyati, passato natthi kiñcana’’nti.
470‘看起来好像’(ti)——这是对颠倒的教说表示。‘看起来好像’(ti)——这是对世间的颠倒表示。‘被依着所缚的愚人’——这是对恶欲界众生的起源表示,也是对缠缚作用的表示;是对烦恼力量的表示;是对诸行增长的表示。‘被黑暗所包围’(ti)——这是对无明黑暗的教说表示,也是同义表示。‘看起来好像没有光彩’——这是对天眼看到的表示,也是对慧眼安立的表示。‘没有任何可执取的东西’(ti)——这是对众生的通达表示:贪是一种可执取,嗔是一种可执取,痴是一种可执取。因此世尊说:‘被愚痴所缚的世间。’
ti desanāpaññatti vipallāsānaṃ. ti viparītapaññatti lokassa. ‘‘Upadhibandhano bālo’’ti pabhavapaññatti pāpakānaṃ icchāvacarānaṃ, kiccapaññatti pariyuṭṭhānānaṃ. Balavapaññatti kilesānaṃ. Virūhanāpaññatti saṅkhārānaṃ. ti desanāpaññatti avijjandhakārassa vevacanapaññatti ca. ‘‘Assirī viya khāyatī’’ti dassanapaññatti dibbacakkhussa, nikkhepapaññatti paññācakkhussa. nti paṭivedhapaññatti sattānaṃ, rāgo kiñcanaṃ doso kiñcanaṃ moho kiñcanaṃ. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘mohasambandhano loko’’ti.
471“比丘们,有那无生、无有、无作、无为的。比丘们,如果没有这无生、无有、无作、无为,那么对此所生、所有、所作、所为的出离就无从显现。比丘们,正因为有这无生、无有、无作、无为,所以对所生、所有、所作、所为的出离才得以显现。”
‘‘Atthi, bhikkhave, ajātaṃ abhūtaṃ akataṃ asaṅkhataṃ, no cetaṃ, bhikkhave, abhavissa ajātaṃ abhūtaṃ akataṃ asaṅkhataṃ. Nayidha jātassa bhūtassa katassa saṅkhatassa nissaraṇaṃ paññāyetha. Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, atthi ajātaṃ abhūtaṃ akataṃ asaṅkhataṃ, tasmā jātassa bhūtassa katassa saṅkhatassa nissaraṇaṃ paññāyatī’’ti.
472“比丘们,如果没有那不生、不有、不造、不形成的,”这是关于涅槃的教说施设与异名施设。“那么,对于已生、已有、已造、已形成的,就不会了知出离,”这是关于有为法的异名施设与引导施设。“然而,比丘们,正因为确实有了不生、不有、不造、不形成的,”这是关于涅槃的异名施设与阐明施设。“所以,对于已生、已有、已造、已形成的,才了知出离,”这是关于涅槃的异名施设、关于道的导引施设、关于从轮回中出离的施设。因此世尊说:“比丘们,如果没有它……”因此,大迦旃延尊者说:“世尊以种种施设在教导同一法。”
‘‘No cetaṃ, bhikkhave, abhavissa ajātaṃ abhūtaṃ akataṃ asaṅkhata’’nti desanāpaññatti nibbānassa vevacanapaññatti ca. ‘‘Nayidha jātassa bhūtassa katassa saṅkhatassa nissaraṇaṃ paññāyethā’’ti vevacanapaññatti saṅkhatassa upanayanapaññatti ca. ‘‘Yasmā ca kho, bhikkhave, atthi ajātaṃ abhūtaṃ akataṃ asaṅkhata’’nti vevacanapaññatti nibbānassa jotanāpaññatti ca. ‘‘Tasmā jātassa bhūtassa katassa saṅkhatassa nissaraṇaṃ paññāyatī’’ti ayaṃ vevacanapaññatti nibbānassa, niyyānikapaññatti maggassa, nissaraṇapaññatti saṃsārato. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘no cetaṃ, bhikkhave, abhavissā’’ti. Tenāha āyasmā mahākaccāyano ‘‘ekaṃ bhagavā dhammaṃ, paññattīhi vividhāhi desetī’’ti.
473相应施设线
Niyutto paññatti hāro.
47412. 引入线分别
12. Otaraṇahāravibhaṅgo
42其中,什么是“导入之摄”?“凡是缘起的。”
Tattha katamo otaraṇo hāro? ‘‘Yo ca paṭiccuppādo’’ti.
476“向上、向下、一切处得解脱的人,不再观察‘我是这个’;
‘‘Uddhaṃ adho sabbadhi vippamutto, ayaṃ ahasmīti anānupassī;
477如此解脱者渡过了洪流,渡过那未曾渡过的,为了不再有再生。”
Evaṃ vimutto udatāri oghaṃ, atiṇṇapubbaṃ apunabbhavāyā’’ti.
478“向上”是指色界和无色界。“向下”是指欲界。“一切处得解脱”是指在三界中的这种无学解脱。这些正是无学的五根,这是通过根的导入。
‘‘Uddha’’nti rūpadhātu ca arūpadhātu ca. ‘‘Adho’’ti kāmadhātu. ‘‘Sabbadhi vippamutto’’ti tedhātuke ayaṃ asekkhāvimutti. Tāniyeva asekkhāni pañcindriyāni, ayaṃ indriyehi otaraṇā.
479那些无学的五根就是明,由于明的生起而无明灭,由于无明灭而行灭,由于行灭而识灭,由于识灭而名色灭,由于名色灭而六处灭,由于六处灭而触灭,由于触灭而受灭,由于受灭而爱灭,由于爱灭而取灭,由于取灭而有灭,由于有灭而生灭,由于生灭而老死、愁悲苦忧恼灭。如此,整个苦蕴便灭尽了。这是通过缘起的导入。
Tāniyeva asekkhāni pañcindriyāni vijjā, vijjuppādā avijjānirodho, avijjānirodhā saṅkhāranirodho, saṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodho, viññāṇanirodhā nāmarūpanirodho, nāmarūpanirodhā saḷāyatananirodho, saḷāyatananirodhā phassanirodho, phassanirodhā vedanānirodho, vedanānirodhā taṇhānirodho, taṇhānirodhā upādānanirodho, upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho, bhavanirodhā jātinirodho, jātinirodhā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti. Ayaṃ paṭiccasamuppādehi otaraṇā.
480那些无学的五根,由三种蕴所摄持——戒蕴、定蕴、慧蕴,这是通过蕴来通达它们。
Tāniyeva asekkhāni pañcindriyāni tīhi khandhehi saṅgahitāni – sīlakkhandhena samādhikkhandhena paññākkhandhena, ayaṃ khandhehi otaraṇā.
481那些无学的五根包含在行里面,这些行是无漏的,并且不是有分心;那些行被摄属于法界。这是通过界来通达它们。
Tāniyeva asekkhāni pañcindriyāni saṅkhārapariyāpannāni ye saṅkhārā anāsavā, no ca bhavaṅgā, te saṅkhārā dhammadhātusaṅgahitā. Ayaṃ dhātūhi otaraṇā.
482那个法界被法处所包含,该处是无漏的,又不是有分。这是通过处的进入。因此世尊说:‘凡是任何诸忧’。[引文开始]
Sā dhammadhātu dhammāyatanapariyāpannā, yaṃ āyatanaṃ anāsavaṃ, no ca bhavaṅgaṃ. Ayaṃ āyatanehi otaraṇā. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘ye keci sokā’’ti.
483“不观察‘我是这个’”——这就是对有身见的彻底断除,那是有学解脱,而那些正是有学五根。这是通过根来通达它们。
‘‘Ayaṃ ahasmīti anānupassī’’ti ayaṃ sakkāyadiṭṭhiyā samugghāto, sā sekkhāvimutti, tāniyeva sekkhāni pañcindriyāni. Ayaṃ indriyehi otaraṇā.
484那些有学五根就是明;由于明生起,无明便灭尽;由于无明灭尽,行便灭尽;这样整个缘起就止息了。这是通过缘起来通达它们。
Tāniyeva sekkhāni pañcindriyāni vijjā, vijjuppādā avijjānirodho, avijjānirodhā saṅkhāranirodho, evaṃ sabbo paṭiccasamuppādo. Ayaṃ paṭiccasamuppādehi otaraṇā.
485那个智慧就是慧蕴。这是通过蕴来进入的。
Sāyeva vijjā paññākkhandho. Ayaṃ khandhehi otaraṇā.
486那个智慧包含在诸行里,那些无漏、不属于有分的诸行,这些行被法界所摄。这是通过界来进入的。
Sāyeva vijjā saṅkhārapariyāpannā, ye saṅkhārā anāsavā, no ca bhavaṅgā, te saṅkhārā dhammadhātusaṅgahitā. Ayaṃ dhātūhi otaraṇā.
487那个包含于法处的法界,是有漏的、属于有分处的。这是从诸处进入的方式。
Sā dhammadhātu dhammāyatanapariyāpannā, yaṃ āyatanaṃ sāsavaṃ bhavaṅgaṃ. Ayaṃ āyatanehi otaraṇā.
488通过有学解脱和无学解脱而解脱的人,渡过了以前未曾渡过的暴流,为了不再有生。因此世尊说:‘向上,向下。’
Sekkhāya ca vimuttiyā asekkhāya ca vimuttiyā vimutto udatāri oghaṃ atiṇṇapubbaṃ apunabbhavāya. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘uddhaṃ adho’’ti.
43‘依止者有动摇,不依止者没有动摇;没有动摇时,就有轻安;有了轻安,就没有倾向;没有倾向,就没有来去;没有来去,就没有死生;没有死生,就既无此世、也无彼世、也无两者之间——这就是苦的尽头。’
‘‘Nissitassa calitaṃ, anissitassa calitaṃ natthi, calite asati passaddhi, passaddhiyā sati nati na hoti, natiyā asati āgatigati na hoti, āgatigatiyā asati cutūpapāto na hoti, cutūpapāte asati nevidha na huraṃ na ubhayamantarena esevanto dukkhassā’’ti.
490‘依止者有动摇’:依止有两种,渴爱依止和见依止。其中,对于染着者的思,这是渴爱依止;对于愚痴者的思,这是见依止。而思就是行,以行为缘而有识,以识为缘而有名色,如此这一切就是缘起。这是通过缘起来审察。
‘‘Nissitassa calita’’nti nissayo nāma duvidho taṇhānissayo ca diṭṭhinissayo ca. Tattha yā rattassa cetanā, ayaṃ taṇhānissayo; yā mūḷhassa cetanā, ayaṃ diṭṭhinissayo. Cetanā pana saṅkhārā, saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ, viññāṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṃ, evaṃ sabbo paṭiccasamuppādo. Ayaṃ paṭiccasamuppādehi otaraṇā.
491其中,对于染着者的受,这是乐受;对于完全愚痴者的受,这是不苦不乐受。这两种受就是受蕴。这是通过蕴来审察。
Tattha yā rattassa vedanā, ayaṃ sukhā vedanā. Yā sammūḷhassa vedanā, ayaṃ adukkhamasukhā vedanā, imā dve vedanā vedanākkhandho. Ayaṃ khandhehi otaraṇā.
492在那里,乐受对应两种根:乐根和喜根;不苦不乐受是舍根。这是通过诸根来引导的方式。
Tattha sukhā vedanā dve indriyāni sukhindriyaṃ somanassindriyañca, adukkhamasukhā vedanā upekkhindriyaṃ. Ayaṃ indriyehi otaraṇā.
493那些同样的根,是包含在诸行里的,这些有漏、导向生存的诸行,是被收摄在法界里的。这是通过诸界而进入。
Tāniyeva indriyāni saṅkhārapariyāpannāni, ye saṅkhārā sāsavā bhavaṅgā, te saṅkhārā dhammadhātusaṅgahitā. Ayaṃ dhātūhi otaraṇā.
494那个法界被包含在法处之中,那个处是无漏的,且不属于有分。这是从处的角度进入。
Sā dhammadhātu dhammāyatanapariyāpannā, yaṃ āyatanaṃ anāsavaṃ, no ca bhavaṅgaṃ. Ayaṃ āyatanehi otaraṇā.
495所谓“无依著者无动摇”,从止的方面说,是对渴爱没有依著;从观的方面说,是对邪见没有依著。那个观就是明;明生起则无明灭,无明灭则行灭,行灭则识灭……如此整个缘起。这是通过缘起来引导的方式。
‘‘Anissitassa calitaṃ natthī’’ti samathavasena vā taṇhāya anissito vipassanāvase vā diṭṭhiyā anissito. Yā vipassanā ayaṃ vijjā, vijjuppādā avijjānirodho, avijjānirodhā saṅkhāranirodho, saṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodho, evaṃ sabbo paṭiccasamuppādo. Ayaṃ paṭiccasamuppādehi otaraṇā.
496那个观本身就是慧蕴。这是通过蕴来引导的方式。
Sāyeva vipassanā paññākkhandho. Ayaṃ khandhehi otaraṇā.
497那个观就是两种根:精进根和慧根。这是通过根来引导的方式。
Sāyeva vipassanā dve indriyāni – vīriyindriyañca paññindriyañca. Ayaṃ indriyehi otaraṇā.
498那个观智本身被包含在诸行之中,那些无漏的、不属于有分的行,这些行被收摄在法界之中。这是从界的角度进入。
Sāyeva vipassanā saṅkhārapariyāpannā, ye saṅkhārā anāsavā, no ca bhavaṅgā, te saṅkhārā dhammadhātusaṅgahitā. Ayaṃ dhātūhi otaraṇā.
499那个法界包含在法处里,就是那个无漏、不属于有分的处。这是通过处来进入的。因此世尊说:“对于正在欲求欲的人……”
Sā dhammadhātu dhammāyatanapariyāpannā, yaṃ āyatanaṃ anāsavaṃ, no ca bhavaṅgaṃ. Ayaṃ āyatanehi otaraṇā. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘kāmaṃ kāmayamānassā’’ti.
500“通过轻安而有念”——轻安有两种:身轻安和心轻安。身体层面的舒适,这是身轻安;心理层面的舒适,这是心轻安。身体轻安的人体验到乐,心有乐的人便得定,得定的人如实地了知,如实地了知的人生起厌离,生起厌离的人离欲,由离欲而得到解脱,在解脱时,生起‘已解脱’的智慧。他了知:‘生已灭尽,梵行已立,应做的已做,不再有来生的状态。’他不倾向于色,不倾向于声,不倾向于香,不倾向于味,不倾向于触,不倾向于法。由于贪的灭尽、嗔的灭尽、痴的灭尽——如果有人想要描述那个或站或行的如来,所依据的那个色,那个色已经灭尽、离欲、息灭、舍断、彻底放下;在色的灭尽中得解脱,所以如来不会被归为‘存在’,不会被归为‘不存在’,不会被归为‘既存在又不存在’,也不会被归为‘既非存在也非不存在’。因此,他只能被计为:深不可测、无法计量、无法算计、已经寂灭。这就是由于贪的灭尽、嗔的灭尽、痴的灭尽。
‘‘Passaddhiyā satī’’ti duvidhā passaddhi kāyikā ca cetasikā ca. Yaṃ kāyikaṃ sukhaṃ, ayaṃ kāyapassaddhi. Yaṃ cetasikaṃ sukhaṃ, ayaṃ cetasikā passaddhi. Passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vediyati , sukhino cittaṃ samādhiyati, samāhito yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, yathābhūtaṃ pajānanto nibbindati, nibbindanto virajjati, virāgā vimuccati, vimuttasmiṃ ‘‘vimutta’’miti ñāṇaṃ hoti, ‘‘khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ, nāparaṃ itthattāyā’’ti pajānāti. So na namati rūpesu, na saddesu, na gandhesu, na rasesu, na phoṭṭhabbesu, na dhammesu khayā rāgassa khayā dosassa khayā mohassa yena rūpena tathāgataṃ tiṭṭhantaṃ carantaṃ paññāpayamāno paññāpeyya, tassa rūpassa khayā virāgā nirodhā cāgā paṭinissaggā rūpasaṅkhaye vimutto, tathāgato atthītipi na upeti, natthītipi na upeti, atthi natthītipi na upeti, nevatthi no natthītipi na upeti. Atha kho gambhīro appameyyo asaṅkheyyo nibbutotiyeva saṅkhaṃ gacchati khayā rāgassa, khayā dosassa, khayā mohassa.
501如果有人想要描述那个或站或行的如来,所依据的那个受……那个想……那些行……那个识,那个识已经灭尽、离欲、息灭、舍断、彻底放下;在识的灭尽中得解脱,所以如来不会被归为‘存在’,不会被归为‘不存在’,不会被归为‘既存在又不存在’,也不会被归为‘既非存在也非不存在’。因此,他只能被计为:深不可测、无法计量、无法算计、已经寂灭。这就是由于贪的灭尽、嗔的灭尽、痴的灭尽。‘来’是指来到此处。‘去’是指未来的存在。来和去都不存在了。‘不在此处’是指在六种内处之中(找不到)。‘不在彼处’是指在六种外处之中(找不到)。‘也不在两者的中间’是指不在触生起的诸法之中看见自我。‘这本身就是苦的尽头’是指缘起。缘起有两种:世间的和出世间的。其中,世间的(缘起)是:以无明为条件而产生诸行,直到老死。出世间的(缘起)是:持戒的人产生无悔,直到他了知‘不再有来生的状态’。因此,世尊说:‘有所依止的人会有动摇,无所依止的人没有动摇……这本身就是苦的尽头。’
Yāya vedanāya…pe… yāya saññāya. Yehi saṅkhārehi. Yena viññāṇena tathāgataṃ tiṭṭhantaṃ carantaṃ paññāpayamāno paññāpeyya, tassa viññāṇassa khayā virāgā nirodhā cāgā paṭinissaggā viññāṇasaṅkhaye vimutto, tathāgato atthītipi na upeti, natthītipi na upeti, atthi natthītipi na upeti, nevatthi no natthītipi na upeti. Atha kho gambhīro appameyyo asaṅkheyyo nibbutotiyeva saṅkhaṃ gacchati khayā rāgassa, khayā dosassa, khayā mohassa. ‘‘Āgatī’’ti idhāgati. ‘‘Gatī’’ti peccabhavo. Āgatigatīpi na bhavanti, ‘‘nevidhā’’ti chasu ajjhattikesu āyatanesu. ‘‘Na hura’’nti chasu bāhiresu āyatanesu. ‘‘Na ubhayamantarenā’’ti phassasamuditesu dhammesu attānaṃ na passati. ‘‘Esevanto dukkhassā’’ti paṭiccasamuppādo. So duvidho lokiyo ca lokuttaro ca. Tattha lokiyo avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā, yāva jarāmaraṇā. Lokuttaro sīlavato avippaṭisāro jāyati, yāva nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānāti. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘nissitassa calitaṃ anissitassa calitaṃ natthi…pe… esevanto dukkhassā’’ti.
502“世间所有种种的忧愁、悲泣与痛苦,它们都依爱而生”——这是苦的感受。“当所爱不在时,这些就不会有”——这是乐的感受。感受,就是受蕴。这是通过诸蕴而进入。
‘‘Ye keci sokā paridevitā vā, dukkhā ca lokasmimanekarūpā piyaṃ paṭiccappabhavanti ete’’ti – ayaṃ dukkhā vedanā. ‘‘Piye asante na bhavanti ete’’ti – ayaṃ sukhā vedanā. Vedanā vedanākkhandho. Ayaṃ khandhehi otaraṇā.
503它们都是因为所爱而生起,如果没有所爱,这些就不存在。
Piyaṃ paṭiccappabhavanti ete, piye asante na bhavanti ete.
504所以,那些在世间任何地方都没有爱的人,他们是快乐的、远离忧愁的;
Tasmā hi te sukhino vītasokā, yesaṃ piyaṃ natthi kuhiñci loke;
505因此,渴望那无忧无染的境界的人,不应在世间任何地方造作爱著。”
Tasmā asokaṃ virajaṃ patthayāno, piyaṃ na kayirātha kuhiñci loke’’ti.
506‘无论世间有什么样的忧伤、悲泣和各种各样的苦……’
‘‘Ye keci sokā paridevitā vā, dukkhā ca lokasmimanekarūpā.
507以感受为缘而有渴爱,以渴爱为缘而有取,以取为缘而有有,以有为缘而有生,以生为缘而有老死,一切都是如此。这是通过缘起而进入。
Vedanāpaccayā taṇhā, taṇhāpaccayā upādānaṃ, upādānapaccayā bhavo, bhavapaccayā jāti, jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ, evaṃ sabbaṃ. Ayaṃ paṭiccasamuppādehi otaraṇā.
508这其中,乐的感受是两种根——乐根和喜根。苦的感受是两种根——苦根和忧根。这是通过诸根而进入。
Tattha sukhā vedanā dve indriyāni – sukhindriyaṃ somanassindriyañca. Dukkhā vedanā dve indriyāni – dukkhindriyaṃ domanassindriyañca. Ayaṃ indriyehi otaraṇā.
509这些同样的根属于行蕴的范畴;那些有漏、导向存在的行,都摄在法界之中。这是通过诸界来引导的方式。
Tāniyeva indriyāni saṅkhārapariyāpannāni, ye saṅkhārā sāsavā bhavaṅgā, te saṅkhārā dhammadhātusaṅgahitā. Ayaṃ dhātūhi otaraṇā.
510那个法界,被包含在法处之中。这个处,是无漏且不是生命基础因素的。这就是通过诸处的切入。
Sā dhammadhātu dhammāyatanapariyāpannā, yaṃ āyatanaṃ anāsavaṃ no ca bhavaṅgaṃ, ayaṃ āyatanehi otaraṇā.
511因此,那些在世间任何地方都没有所爱的人,快乐无忧;
Tasmā hi te sukhino vītasokā, yesaṃ piyaṃ natthi kuhiñci loke;
512因此,渴望无悲无尘的人,不应在世间任何地方造作所爱。
Tasmā asokaṃ virajaṃ patthayāno, piyaṃ na kayirātha kuhiñci loketi.
513这就是渴爱的断除。从渴爱灭,取就灭;从取灭,有就灭;像这样,一切灭。这是从缘起进入的方式。
Idaṃ taṇhāpahānaṃ. Taṇhānirodhā upādānanirodho, upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho, evaṃ sabbaṃ. Ayaṃ paṭiccasamuppādehi otaraṇā.
514那渴爱的断除就是止。那种止有两个根:念根和定根。这是从根进入的方式。
Taṃyeva taṇhāpahānaṃ samatho. So samatho dve indriyāni satindriyaṃ samādhindriyañca. Ayaṃ indriyehi otaraṇā.
515那个止就是定蕴。这是从蕴进入的方式。
Soyeva samatho samādhikkhandho. Ayaṃ khandhehi otaraṇā.
516正是那个止,被包含在行中。那些行是无漏的,又不是有分,这些行被法界所摄。这是通过界的进入。
Soyeva samatho saṅkhārapariyāpanno, ye saṅkhārā anāsavā, no ca bhavaṅgā, te saṅkhārā dhammadhātusaṅgahitā. Ayaṃ dhātūhi otaraṇā.
517那个法界属于法处的范畴;那个有漏、导向存在的处,这是通过诸处来引导的方式。
Sā dhammadhātu dhammāyatanapariyāpannā, yaṃ āyatanaṃ sāsavaṃ bhavaṅgaṃ, ayaṃ āyatanehi otaraṇā.
518对于追求欲乐的人,如果他如愿以偿,
Kāmaṃ kāmayamānassa, tassa ce taṃ samijjhati;
519他确实心满意足,得到了想要的事物。
Addhā pītimano hoti, laddhā macco yadicchati.
520如果那个充满欲求、生起渴望的人,
Tassa ce kāmayānassa, chandajātassa jantuno;
521那些欲乐减退、消失,他便像被箭刺穿一般痛苦。
Te kāmā parihāyanti, sallaviddhova ruppati.
522“谁避开欲乐,如同用脚避开蛇的头,
‘‘Yo kāme parivajjeti, sappasseva padā siro;
523他就能以正念超越这世间的执着。”
Somaṃ visattikaṃ loke, sato samativattatī’’ti.
524在这里,那种喜悦、满意,就是随顺。而说“像被箭射穿一样痛苦”,这是瞋恚。随顺和瞋恚都属于贪爱的部分,而贪爱的立足处是十种色处。这是通过处进行的审察。
Tattha yā pītimanatā, ayaṃ anunayo. Yadāha sallaviddhova ruppatīti, idaṃ paṭighaṃ. Anunayaṃ paṭighañca pana taṇhāpakkho, taṇhāya ca pana dasarūpīni āyatanāni padaṭṭhānaṃ. Ayaṃ āyatanehi otaraṇā.
525那十种色就是色身,与名结合——这两者合起来就是名色。以名色为缘而有六处,以六处为缘而有触,以触为缘而有受,以受为缘而有爱,如此等等。这是通过缘起进行的审察。
Tāniyeva dasa rūpīni rūpakāyo nāmasampayutto, tadubhayaṃ nāmarūpaṃ, nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṃ, saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso, phassapaccayā vedanā, vedanāpaccayā taṇhā, evaṃ sabbaṃ. Ayaṃ paṭiccasamuppādehi otaraṇā.
526那名色就是五蕴。这是通过蕴进行的审察。
Tadeva nāmarūpaṃ pañcakkhandho; Ayaṃ khandhehi otaraṇā;
527那名色就是十八界。这是通过界进行的审察。
Tadeva nāmarūpaṃ aṭṭhārasa dhātuyo; Ayaṃ dhātūhi otaraṇā;
528在这当中,物质的身体就是这五种物质性的根,心理的身体就是这五种非物质性的根,这十种根。这是通过诸根来切入的。
Tattha yo rūpakāyo imāni pañca rūpīni indriyāni, yo nāmakāyo imāni pañca arūpīni indriyāni, imāni dasa indriyāni. Ayaṃ indriyehi otaraṇā.
529在这当中,当这样说时:
Tattha yadāha –
530于此,当说——
Tattha yadāha –
531谁避开诸欲,就像用脚避开蛇头;
Yo kāme parivajjeti, sappasseva padā siro;
532他保持正念,超越了世间那粘着的贪着。
Somaṃ visattikaṃ loke, sato samativattatīti.
533这就是有余涅槃界。这是通过诸界来切入的。
Ayaṃ saupādisesā nibbānadhātu, ayaṃ dhātūhi otaraṇā.
534那有余涅槃界正是明。由于明生起,无明便灭尽;由于无明灭尽,行便灭尽,如此一切(都灭尽)。这是通过缘起来切入的。
Sāyeva saupādisesā nibbānadhātu vijjā, vijjuppādā avijjānirodho, avijjānirodhā saṅkhāranirodho, evaṃ sabbaṃ. Ayaṃ paṭiccasamuppādehi otaraṇā.
535那个明本身就是慧蕴。这是通过蕴来通达它们。
Sāyeva vijjā paññākkhandho. Ayaṃ khandhehi otaraṇā.
536那个智慧就是两种根——精进根和慧根。这是通过根来进入的。
Sāyeva vijjā dve indriyāni – vīriyindriyaṃ paññindriyañca. Ayaṃ indriyehi otaraṇā.
537那个明本身被包含在行中,那些无漏的、但不是有分的行,这些行被法界所摄。这是通过界来审察。
Sāyeva vijjā saṅkhārapariyāpannā, ye saṅkhārā anāsavā, no ca bhavaṅgā, te saṅkhārā dhammadhātusaṅgahitā, ayaṃ dhātūhi otaraṇā.
538那个法界包含在法处里面,这个处是无漏的,并且不是有分心。这是通过处来通达它们。
Sā dhammadhātu dhammāyatanapariyāpannā, yaṃ āyatanaṃ anāsavaṃ, no ca bhavaṅgaṃ. Ayaṃ āyatanehi otaraṇā.
539如此,依着这个,根、蕴、界、处就成为会合和进入。应当这样依缘而来导入根、蕴、界、处。因此大迦旃延尊者说:“那缘起……”
Ettāvatā paṭicca indriyakhandhadhātuāyatanāni samosaraṇotaraṇāni bhavanti. Evaṃ paṭicca indriyakhandhadhātuāyatanāni otāretabbāni. Tenāha āyasmā mahākaccāyano ‘‘yo ca paṭiccuppādo’’ti.
540相应引入线
Niyutto otaraṇo hāro.
54113. 净化线分别
13. Sodhanahāravibhaṅgo
45其中,什么是净化摄?即“对于已解答的问题”等偈颂。如同阿耆多尊者在《彼岸道品》中向世尊提问——
Tattha katamo sodhano hāro? ‘‘Vissajjitamhi pañhe’’tigāthā. Yathā āyasmā ajito pārāyane bhagavantaṃ pañhaṃ pucchati –
543“世间被什么遮蔽?世间又因为什么而不发光?
‘‘Kenassu nivuto loko, kenassu nappakāsati;
544什么是它的粘着?你说,对它而言什么是大恐怖?”
Kissābhilepanaṃ brūsi, kiṃsu tassa mahabbhaya’’nti.
545“世间被无明遮蔽,阿耆多——世尊这样回答——
‘‘Avijjāya nivuto loko, [ajitāti bhagavā]
546因吝啬与放逸而不显现;
Vivicchā pamādā nappakāsati;
547我说渴爱是涂抹,苦是它的大怖畏。」
Jappābhilepanaṃ brūmi, dukkhamassa mahabbhaya’’nti.
548「世间被何所覆盖?」之问,「世间被无明所覆盖」,世尊清净句,非清净起始。「以何不显现?」之问,「以贪欲与放逸不显现」,世尊清净句,非清净起始。「你说何为涂抹?」之问,「我说渴爱为涂抹」,世尊清净句,非清净起始。「何为其大怖畏?」之问,「苦为其大怖畏」,清净起始。因此世尊说「世间被无明所覆盖」。
‘‘Kenassu nivuto loko’’ti pañhe ‘‘avijjāya nivuto loko’’ti bhagavā padaṃ sodheti, no ca ārambhaṃ. ‘‘Kenassu nappakāsatī’’ti pañhe ‘‘vivicchā pamādā nappakāsatī’’ti bhagavā padaṃ sodheti, no ca ārambhaṃ. ‘‘Kissābhilepanaṃ brūsī’’ti pañhe ‘‘jappābhilepanaṃ brūmī’’ti bhagavā padaṃ sodheti, no ca ārambhaṃ. ‘‘Kiṃsu tassa mahabbhaya’’nti pañhe ‘‘dukkhamassa mahabbhaya’’nti suddho ārambho. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘avijjāya nivuto loko’’ti.
549‘种种流在一切处流淌,’尊者阿耆多说道:
‘‘Savanti sabbadhi sotā, [iccāyasmā ajito]
550‘这些流,用什么来阻挡?’
Sotānaṃ kiṃ nivāraṇaṃ;
551‘请告诉我诸流的防护,用什么可以堵住这些流?’
Sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūhi, kena sotā pidhīyare’’ti.
552‘世间那些流,阿耆多啊,’世尊说道:
‘‘Yāni sotāni lokasmiṃ, [ajitāti bhagavā]
553‘念,是它们的阻挡;’
Sati tesaṃ nivāraṇaṃ;
554‘我说诸流的防护,是用慧来堵住它们。’
Sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūmi, paññāyete pidhīyare’’ti.
555“一切处的诸流奔流,诸流的遮止是什么?”世尊这样厘清了语句,但不是发端。当问到“请说诸流的防护,以什么能关闭诸流?”时,“我说诸流的防护,以慧这些能关闭”——这是纯粹的发端。因此世尊说:“世间中那些诸流……”
‘‘Savanti sabbadhi sotā, sotānaṃ kiṃ nivāraṇa’’nti pañhe ‘‘yāni sotāni lokasmiṃ, sati tesaṃ nivāraṇa’’nti bhagavā padaṃ sodheti, no ca ārambhaṃ. ‘‘Sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūhi, kena sotā pidhīyare’’ti pañhe ‘‘sotānaṃ saṃvaraṃ brūmi, paññāyete pidhīyare’’ti suddho ārambho. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘yāni sotāni lokasmi’’nti.
556“慧与念,[尊敬的阿耆多这样说]”
‘‘Paññā ceva sati ca, [iccāyasmā ajito]
557“以及名色,朋友;”
Nāmarūpañca mārisa;
558以及名色,尊者;
Nāmarūpañca mārisa;
559“我被问到这一点,请你告诉我:这个在哪里灭尽?”
Etaṃ me puṭṭho pabrūhi, katthetaṃ uparujjhatī’’ti.
560问题——
Pañhe –
561问 –
Pañhe –
562‘你问的这个问题,阿耆多,我为你解说;
‘‘Yametaṃ pañhaṃ apucchi, ajita taṃ vadāmi te;
563在那里,名与色,毫无残余地息灭;
Yattha nāmañca rūpañca, asesaṃ uparujjhati;
564由于识的息灭,就在那儿,这一切都息灭。’
Viññāṇassa nirodhena, etthetaṃ uparujjhatī’’ti.
565纯净的开头。因此世尊说:“这个问题你问过了。”像这样,当开头是纯净的,那个问题就已经被解答了。然而,当开头不纯净,那个问题就还没有被解答。因此,大迦旃延尊者说:“这是在已经被解答了的问题上。”
Suddho ārambho. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘yametaṃ pañhaṃ apucchī’’ti. Yattha evaṃ suddho ārambho, so pañho visajjito bhavati. Yattha pana ārambho asuddho, na tāva so pañho visajjito bhavati. Tenāha āyasmā mahākaccāyano ‘‘vissajjitamhi pañhe’’ti.
566相应净化线
Niyutto sodhano hāro.
56714. 确立线分别
14. Adhiṭṭhānahāravibhaṅgo
46其中什么是“决意摄”?“那些以单一性被说的法,以及那些以差异性被宣说的。”
Tattha katamo adhiṭṭhāno hāro? ‘‘Ekattatāya dhammā, yepi ca vemattatāya niddiṭṭhā’’ti.
569在那里被宣说的那些,就应当那样地被持守。
Ye tattha niddiṭṭhā, tathā te dhārayitabbā.
570“苦”是单一性。其中什么是苦?生是苦,老是苦,病是苦,死是苦,与不喜欢的相遇是苦,与喜欢的分离是苦,想要却得不到,那也是苦;简而言之,五取蕴是苦;色是苦,受是苦,想是苦,行是苦,识是苦。这就是差异性。
‘‘Dukkha’’nti ekattatā. Tattha katamaṃ dukkhaṃ? Jāti dukkhā, jarā dukkhā, byādhi dukkho, maraṇaṃ dukkhaṃ, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho, piyehi vippayogo dukkho, yampicchaṃ na labhati tampi dukkhaṃ, saṃkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā, rūpā dukkhā, vedanā dukkhā, saññā dukkhā, saṅkhārā dukkhā, viññāṇaṃ dukkhaṃ. Ayaṃ vemattatā.
571“苦集”是统一性。其中,什么是苦集?就是那种导致再有的渴爱,它与喜贪相伴,在这里那里乐着。也就是:欲爱、有爱、无有爱。这是差异性。
‘‘Dukkhasamudayo’’ti ekattatā. Tattha katamo dukkhasamudayo? Yāyaṃ taṇhā ponobhavikā nandīrāgasahagatā tatratatrābhinandinī. Seyyathidaṃ, kāmataṇhā bhavataṇhā vibhavataṇhā. Ayaṃ vemattatā.
572“苦灭”是统一性。其中,什么是苦灭?就是那种渴爱的无余离贪、熄灭、舍弃、放下、解脱、无依着。这是差异性。
‘‘Dukkhanirodho’’ti ekattatā. Tattha katamo dukkhanirodho? Yo tassāyeva taṇhāya asesavirāganirodho cāgo paṭinissaggo mutti anālayo. Ayaṃ vemattatā.
573“导向苦灭的道迹”是统一性。其中,什么是导向苦灭的道迹?这就是那圣八支道。也就是:正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定。这是差异性。
‘‘Dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’’ti ekattatā. Tattha katamā dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo. Seyyathidaṃ, sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi. Ayaṃ vemattatā.
574“道”是统一性。其中,什么是道?导向地狱的道、导向畜生生的道、导向饿鬼界的道、导向阿修罗界的道、导向天界的道、导向人界的道、导向涅槃的道。这是差异性。
‘‘Maggo’’ti ekattatā. Tattha katamo maggo? Nirayagāmī maggo tiracchānayonigāmī maggo pettivisayagāmī maggo asurayoniyo maggo saggagāmiyo maggo manussagāmī maggo nibbānagāmī maggo. Ayaṃ vemattatā.
575“灭”是统一性。其中,什么是灭?正观灭、非正观灭、随顺灭、瞋恚灭、慢灭、覆藏灭、恼害灭、嫉妒灭、悭吝灭、一切烦恼灭。这是差异性。
‘‘Nirodho’’ti ekattatā. Tattha katamo nirodho? Paṭisaṅkhānirodho appaṭisaṅkhānirodho anunayanirodho paṭighanirodho mānanirodho makkhanirodho paḷāsanirodho issānirodho macchariyanirodho sabbakilesanirodho. Ayaṃ vemattatā.
576“色”是统一性。其中,什么是色?四大种所造色,以及依于四大种而施设的色。其中,什么是四大种?地界、水界、火界、风界。
‘‘Rūpa’’nti ekattatā. Tattha katamaṃ rūpaṃ? Cātumahābhūtikaṃ rūpaṃ catunnaṃ mahābhūtānaṃ upādāya rūpassa paññatti. Tattha katamāni cattāri mahābhūtāni? Pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātu.
47以两种方式审察诸界:简略地和详细地。怎样详细地审察诸界?以二十种方式详细地审察地界,以十二种方式详细地审察水界,以四种方式详细地审察火界,以六种方式详细地审察风界。
Dvīhi ākārehi dhātuyo pariggaṇhāti saṅkhepena ca vitthārena ca. Kathaṃ vitthārena dhātuyo pariggaṇhāti? Vīsatiyā ākārehi pathavīdhātuṃ vitthārena pariggaṇhāti, dvādasahi ākārehi āpodhātuṃ vitthārena pariggaṇhāti, catūhi ākārehi tejodhātuṃ vitthārena pariggaṇhāti, chahi ākārehi vāyodhātuṃ vitthārena pariggaṇhāti.
578哪些是二十种方式详细地审察地界?在这身体里,有头发、体毛、指甲、牙齿、皮肤,肉、筋、骨、骨髓、肾脏,心脏、肝脏、肋膜、脾脏、肺脏,肠、肠间膜、胃中物、粪便,在头颅里的脑浆。通过这些二十种方式详细地审察地界。
Katamehi vīsatiyā ākārehi pathavīdhātuṃ vitthārena pariggaṇhāti? Atthi imasmiṃ kāye kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco, maṃsaṃ nhāru aṭṭhi aṭṭhimiñjaṃ vakkaṃ, hadayaṃ yakanaṃ kilomakaṃ pihakaṃ papphāsaṃ, antaṃ antaguṇaṃ udariyaṃ karīsaṃ matthake matthaluṅganti imehi vīsatiyā ākārehi pathavīdhātuṃ vitthārena pariggaṇhāti.
579哪些是十二种方式详细地审察水界?在这身体里,有胆汁、痰、脓、血、汗、脂肪、泪、脂肪膏、唾液、鼻涕、关节滑液、尿。通过这些十二种方式详细地审察水界。
Katamehi dvādasahi ākārehi āpodhātuṃ vitthārena pariggaṇhāti? Atthi imasmiṃ kāye pittaṃ semhaṃ pubbo lohitaṃ sedo medo assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā muttanti imehi dvādasahi ākārehi āpodhātuṃ vitthārena pariggaṇhāti.
580哪些是四种方式详细地审察火界?藉由它身体变暖,藉由它身体衰老,藉由它身体燃烧,藉由它使吃下的、喝下的、咀嚼的、品尝的食物得到完全消化。通过这些四种方式详细地审察火界。
Katamehi catūhi ākārehi tejodhātuṃ vitthārena pariggaṇhāti? Yena ca santappati, yena ca jīrīyati , yena ca pariḍayhati, yena ca asitapītakhāyitasāyitaṃ sammā pariṇāmaṃ gacchati, imehi catūhi ākārehi tejodhātuṃ vitthārena pariggaṇhāti.
581哪些是六种方式详细地审察风界?向上行的风、向下行的风、在腹腔内的风、在肠内的风、随肢体而行的风、出息和入息。通过这些六种方式详细地审察风界。
Katamehi chahi ākārehi vāyodhātuṃ vitthārena pariggaṇhāti? Uddhaṅgamā vātā, adhogamā vātā, kucchisayā vātā, koṭṭhāsayā vātā, aṅgamaṅgānusārino vātā, assāso passāso iti, imehi chahi ākārehi vāyodhātuṃ vitthārena pariggaṇhāti.
582如此,以这四十二种方式详细地审察诸界的本质,观察、衡量、探究、洞察、省思时,看不见任何可执取的“身体”或“身体的一部分”。就像一个在污水坑里搜寻的人看不见任何可执取的东西,就像一个在垃圾堆里搜寻的人看不见任何可执取的东西,就像一个在厕所里搜寻的人看不见任何可执取的东西,就像一个在停尸场里搜寻的人看不见任何可执取的东西。同样地,以这四十二种方式如此详细地审察诸界的本质,观察、衡量、探究、洞察、省思时,看不见任何可执取的“身体”或“身体的一部分”。因此,世尊说:“凡是内在的地界和外在的地界,都只是地界。这‘不是我的’,‘不是我所是的’,‘不是我的自我’——应当这样以正慧如实观察。以正慧如实看见之后,对地界生起厌离,对地界心离贪染。凡是内在的水界和外在的水界……(中略)凡是内在的火界和外在的火界……(中略)凡是内在的风界和外在的风界,都只是风界。这‘不是我的’,‘不是我所是的’,‘不是我的自我’——应当这样以正慧如实观察。以正慧如实看见之后,对风界生起厌离,对风界心离贪染。”这就是差别相。
Evaṃ imehi dvācattālīsāya ākārehi vitthārena dhātuyo sabhāvato upalakkhayanto tulayanto parivīmaṃsanto pariyogāhanto paccavekkhanto na kiñci gayhūpagaṃ passati kāyaṃ vā kāyapadesaṃ vā, yathā candanikaṃ pavicinanto na kiñci gayhūpagaṃ passeyya, yathā saṅkāraṭṭhānaṃ pavicinanto na kiñci gayhūpagaṃ passeyya, yathā vaccakuṭiṃ pavicinanto na kiñci gayhūpagaṃ passeyya, yathā sivathikaṃ pavicinanto na kiñci gayhūpagaṃ passeyya. Evameva imehi dvācattālīsāya ākārehi evaṃ vitthārena dhātuyo sabhāvato upalakkhayanto tulayanto parivīmaṃsanto pariyogāhanto paccavekkhanto na kiñci gayhūpagaṃ passati kāyaṃ vā kāyapadesaṃ vā. Tenāha bhagavā yā ceva kho pana ajjhattikā pathavīdhātu , yā ca bāhirā pathavīdhātu, pathavīdhāturevesā. Taṃ ‘‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ, evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya disvā pathavīdhātuyā nibbindati, pathavīdhātuyā cittaṃ virājeti. Yā ceva kho pana ajjhattikā āpodhātu, yā ca bāhirā āpodhātu…pe… yā ceva kho pana ajjhattikā tejodhātu, yā ca bāhirā tejodhātu…pe… yā ceva kho pana ajjhattikā vāyodhātu, yā ca bāhirā vāyodhātu, vāyodhāturevesā. Taṃ ‘‘netaṃ mama, nesohamasmi, na meso attā’’ti evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya daṭṭhabbaṃ, evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ sammappaññāya disvā vāyodhātuyā nibbindati, vāyodhātuyā cittaṃ virājeti. Ayaṃ vemattatā.
48「无明」是同一种类。其中什么是无明?对苦的无知,对苦集的无知,对苦灭的无知,对导向苦灭之道的无知;对过去的无知,对未来的无知,对过去未来的无知;对缘起与依缘而生起的诸法无知。凡像这般的无知、不见、不现观、不觉了、不通达、不证得、不洞察、不观察、不审察、不现观、不现证、不作证、愚钝、愚痴、不正知、痴、蒙昧、迷惑、无明、无明暴流、无明轭、无明随眠、无明缠缚、无明障碍、痴、不善根——这是差异性。
‘‘Avijjā’’ti ekattatā. Tattha katamā avijjā? Dukkhe aññāṇaṃ, dukkhasamudaye aññāṇaṃ, dukkhanirodhe aññāṇaṃ, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya aññāṇaṃ, pubbante aññāṇaṃ, aparante aññāṇaṃ, pubbantāparante aññāṇaṃ, idappaccayatāpaṭiccasamuppannesu dhammesu aññāṇaṃ, yaṃ evarūpaṃ aññāṇaṃ adassanaṃ anabhisamayo ananubodho asambodho appaṭivedho asallakkhaṇā anupalakkhaṇā apaccupalakkhaṇā asamavekkhaṇaṃ apaccakkhakammaṃ dummejjhaṃ bālyaṃ asampajaññaṃ moho pamoho sammoho avijjā avijjogho avijjāyogo avijjānusayo avijjāpariyuṭṭhānaṃ avijjālaṅgī moho akusalamūlaṃ. Ayaṃ vemattatā.
584「明」是同一种类。其中什么是明?对苦的智,对苦集的智,对苦灭的智,对导向苦灭之道的智;对过去的智,对未来的智,对过去未来的智;对缘起与依缘而生起的诸法智。凡像这般的慧、了知、简择、审择、法简择、洞察、观察、审察、聪慧、善巧、精明、明辨、思虑、考察、广慧、觉慧、导引、观、正知、鞭策、慧、慧根、慧力、慧剑、慧殿堂、慧光明、慧辉耀、慧灯炬、慧宝、无痴、法简择、正见、法简择觉支、道支、道所含摄的——这是差异性。
‘‘Vijjā’’ti ekattatā. Tattha katamā vijjā? Dukkhe ñāṇaṃ, dukkhasamudaye ñāṇaṃ, dukkhanirodhe ñāṇaṃ, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṃ, pubbante ñāṇaṃ, aparante ñāṇaṃ, pubbantāparante ñāṇaṃ, idappaccayatāpaṭiccasamuppannesu dhammesu ñāṇaṃ, yā evarūpā paññā pajānanā vicayo pavicayo dhammavicayo saṃlakkhaṇā upalakkhaṇā paccupalakkhaṇā paṇḍiccaṃ kosallaṃ nepuññaṃ vebhabyā cintā upaparikkhā bhūrī medhā pariṇāyikā vipassanā sampajaññaṃ patodo paññā paññindriyaṃ paññābalaṃ paññāsatthaṃ paññāpāsādo paññāāloko paññāobhāso paññāpajjoto paññāratanaṃ amoho dhammavicayo sammādiṭṭhi dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo maggaṅgaṃ maggapariyāpannaṃ. Ayaṃ vemattatā.
585「等至」是同一种类。其中什么是等至?有想等至、无想等至、非想非非想等至。想已坏灭的等至、灭等至。这是差异性。
‘‘Samāpattī’’ti ekattatā. Tattha katamā samāpatti? Saññāsamāpatti asaññāsamāpatti, nevasaññānāsaññāsamāpatti. Vibhūtasaññāsamāpatti nirodhasamāpattīti. Ayaṃ vemattatā.
586「禅修者」是同一种类。其中什么是禅修者?有有学的禅修者,有无学的禅修者,有非有学非无学的禅修者;有如良马的禅修者,有如劣马的禅修者;以见为上首的禅修者,以爱为上首的禅修者,以慧为上首的禅修者。这是差异性。
‘‘Jhāyī’’ti ekattatā. Tattha katamo jhāyī? Atthi sekkho jhāyī, atthi asekkho jhāyī, nevasekkhanāsekkho jhāyī, ājāniyo jhāyī, assakhaluṅko jhāyī, diṭṭhuttaro jhāyī, taṇhuttaro jhāyī, paññuttaro jhāyī. Ayaṃ vemattatā.
587「定」是同一种类。其中什么是定?有寻的定、无寻的定,有瞋的定、无瞋的定,有恚的定、无恚的定,有喜的定、无喜的定,有食的定、无食的定,有行的定、无行的定,单方面修习的定、双方面修习的定、从两方面修习的修习定,有寻有伺的定、无寻唯伺的定、无寻无伺的定,退分的定、住分的定、胜分的定、决择分的定,世间的定、出世间的定,邪定、正定。这是差异性。
‘‘Samādhī’’ti ekattatā. Tattha katamo samādhi? Saraṇo samādhi, araṇo samādhi, savero samādhi, avero samādhi, sabyāpajjo samādhi, abyāpajjo samādhi, sappītiko samādhi, nippītiko samādhi, sāmiso samādhi, nirāmiso samādhi, sasaṅkhāro samādhi, asaṅkhāro samādhi, ekaṃsabhāvito samādhi, ubhayaṃsabhāvito samādhi, ubhayato bhāvitabhāvano samādhi, savitakkasavicāro samādhi, avitakkavicāramatto samādhi, avitakkaavicāro samādhi, hānabhāgiyo samādhi, ṭhitibhāgiyo samādhi, visesabhāgiyo samādhi, nibbedhabhāgiyo samādhi, lokiyo samādhi, lokuttaro samādhi, micchāsamādhi, sammāsamādhi. Ayaṃ vemattatā.
588「行道」是同一种类。其中什么是行道?粗猛的行道、煎熬的行道、中行道,难忍的行道、安忍的行道、平等的行道、调伏的行道,苦行道而迟通达、苦行道而速通达、乐行道而迟通达、乐行道而速通达。这是差异性。
‘‘Paṭipadā’’ti ekattatā. Tattha katamā paṭipadā? Āgāḷhapaṭipadā , nijjhāmapaṭipadā, majjhimapaṭipadā, akkhamā paṭipadā, khamā paṭipadā, samā paṭipadā, damā paṭipadā , dukkhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā, dukkhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā, sukhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā, sukhā paṭipadā khippābhiññāti. Ayaṃ vemattatā.
589“身”指统一。什么是身?名身和色身。其中,什么是色身?头发、体毛、指甲、牙齿、皮肤、肌肉、筋腱、骨骼、骨髓、肾脏、心脏、肝脏、肋膜、脾脏、肺脏、肠、肠间膜、胃中物、粪便、胆汁、痰、脓、血、汗、脂肪、泪、油脂、唾液、鼻涕、关节滑液、尿、脑——这是色身。所谓名身,是受、想、思、心、触、作意——这是名身。这是差异。
‘‘Kāyo’’ti ekattatā. Tattha katamo kāyo? Nāmakāyo rūpakāyo ca. Tattha katamo rūpakāyo? Kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco maṃsaṃ nhāru aṭṭhi aṭṭhimiñjaṃ vakkaṃ hadayaṃ yakanaṃ kilomakaṃ pihakaṃ papphāsaṃ antaṃ antaguṇaṃ udariyaṃ karīsaṃ pittaṃ semhaṃ pubbo lohitaṃ sedo medo assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā muttaṃ matthaluṅganti – ayaṃ rūpakāyo. Nāmakāyo nāma vedanā saññā cetanā cittaṃ phasso manasikāroti – ayaṃ nāmakāyoti. Ayaṃ vemattatā.
590如是,既是某法又与某法有共通性的那个法,就以与该法的统一性而成为一体。然而,在哪方面与它特征不同,就在哪方面形成差异。因此,在经中、记说中或偈颂中,对于提问者,应当审察:他是以统一性发问,还是以差异性发问?如果是以统一性发问,就应以统一性作答。如果是以差异性发问,就应以差异性作答。如果是依众生立场发问,就应依众生立场作答。如果是依法立场发问,就应依法立场作答。总之,随其发问方式,就以那种方式作答。因此,尊者大迦旃延说:“诸法由统一性而……”
Evaṃ yo dhammo yassa dhammassa samānabhāvo, so dhammo tassa dhammassa ekattatāya ekī bhavati. Yena yena vā pana vilakkhaṇo, tena tena vemattaṃ gacchati. Evaṃ sutte vā veyyākaraṇe vā gāthāyaṃ vā pucchitena vīmaṃsayitabbaṃ, kiṃ ekattatāya pucchati, udāhu vemattatāyāti. Yadi ekattatāya pucchitaṃ, ekattatāya visajjayitabbaṃ. Yadi vemattatāya pucchitaṃ, vemattatāya visajjayitabbaṃ. Yadi sattādhiṭṭhānena pucchitaṃ, sattādhiṭṭhānena visajjayitabbaṃ. Yadi dhammādhiṭṭhānena pucchitaṃ, dhammādhiṭṭhānena visajjayitabbaṃ. Yathā yathā vā pana pucchitaṃ, tathā tathā visajjayitabbaṃ. Tenāha āyasmā mahākaccāyano ‘‘ekattatāya dhammā’’ti.
591相应确立线
Niyutto adhiṭṭhāno hāro.
59215. 资具线分别
15. Parikkhārahāravibhaṅgo
49其中,什么是资助?“‘那些法产生那个法。’
Tattha katamo parikkhāro hāro? ‘‘Ye dhammā yaṃ dhammaṃ janayantī’’ti.
594某个法产生某个法,它就是该法的资助。资助的特征是什么?能生的特征是资助。法由两种法产生:因和缘。其中,因的特征是什么,缘的特征是什么?不共的特征是因,共的特征是缘。好比什么情况呢?好比对于芽的产生,种子是不共的,而地和水是共的。对于芽来说,地和水是缘,自性是因。又好比,罐中的牛奶变为凝乳时,不存在牛奶与凝乳同时并处的情况。同样,不存在因与缘同时并处的情况。
Yo dhammo yaṃ dhammaṃ janayati, tassa so parikkhāro. Kiṃlakkhaṇo parikkhāro? Janakalakkhaṇo parikkhāro. Dve dhammā janayanti hetu ca paccayo ca. Tattha kiṃlakkhaṇo hetu, kiṃlakkhaṇo paccayo? Asādhāraṇalakkhaṇo hetu, sādhāraṇalakkhaṇo paccayo. Yathā kiṃ bhave? Yathā aṅkurassa nibbattiyā bījaṃ asādhāraṇaṃ, pathavī āpo ca sādhāraṇā. Aṅkurassa hi pathavī āpo ca paccayo sabhāvo hetu. Yathā vā pana ghaṭe duddhaṃ pakkhittaṃ dadhi bhavati, na catthi ekakālasamavadhānaṃ duddhassa ca dadhissa ca. Evamevaṃ natthi ekakālasamavadhānaṃ hetussa ca paccayassa ca.
595这个轮回就是由因、由缘而生起的。正如所说:以无明为缘而有诸行;以诸行为缘而有识。整个缘起都是如此。如此,无明:对于无明,不如理作意是因,是缘。前分无明是后分无明的因。其中,前分无明是无明随眠,后分无明是无明缠缚,前分无明随眠作为后分无明缠缚的因,以资益的方式存在,如同种子与芽的关系,以无间因性而存在。而某个结果在哪里产生,这东西就以等无间因性而成为它的因。因为因有两种:无间因和等无间因。同样,对无明来说,因也有两种:无间因和等无间因。
Ayañhi saṃsāro sahetu sappaccayo nibbatto. Vuttaṃ hi avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā, saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ, evaṃ sabbo paṭiccasamuppādo. Iti avijjā avijjāya hetu ayoniso manasikāro paccayo. Purimikā avijjā pacchimikāya avijjāya hetu. Tattha purimikā avijjā avijjānusayo pacchimikā avijjā avijjāpariyuṭṭhānaṃ, purimiko avijjānusayo pacchimikassa avijjāpariyuṭṭhānassa hetubhūto paribrūhanāya, bījaṅkuro viya samanantarahetutāya. Yaṃ pana yattha phalaṃ nibbattati, idamassa paramparahetutāya hetubhūtaṃ. Duvidho hi hetu samanantarahetu paramparahetu ca, evaṃ avijjāyapi duvidho hetu samanantarahetu paramparahetu ca.
596又好比,灯碗、灯芯和油是灯生起的缘,而不是自性因,因为不能把没有火的灯碗、灯芯和油点燃,成为灯的缘。如灯那样的自性才是因。如此,自性是因,他性是缘。内在的是因,外在的是缘。能生的是因,能持的是缘。不共的是因,共的是缘。
Yathā vā pana thālakañca vaṭṭi ca telañca padīpassa paccayabhūtaṃ na sabhāvahetu, na hi sakkā thālakañca vaṭṭiñca telañca anaggikaṃ dīpetuṃ padīpassa paccayabhūtaṃ. Padīpo viya sabhāvo hetu hoti. Iti sabhāvo hetu, parabhāvo paccayo. Ajjhattiko hetu, bāhiro paccayo. Janako hetu, pariggāhako paccayo. Asādhāraṇo hetu, sādhāraṇo paccayo.
597不断灭的意义就是相续的意义;相续的意义就是生起的意义;生起的意义就是果的意义;果的意义就是结生的意义;结生的意义就是再有的意义;再有的意义就是障碍的意义;障碍的意义就是缠缚的意义;缠缚的意义就是不根除的意义;不根除的意义就是随眠的意义;随眠的意义就是不证知的意义;不证知的意义就是无明的意义;无明的意义就是有漏的识未被遍知的意义;有漏的识未被遍知的意义就是种子的意义。哪里有不断灭,那里就有相续;哪里有相续,那里就有生起;哪里有生起,那里就有果;哪里有果,那里就有结生;哪里有结生,那里就有再有;哪里有再有,那里就有障碍;哪里有障碍,那里就有缠缚;哪里有缠缚,那里就有不根除;哪里有不根除,那里就有随眠;哪里有随眠,那里就有不证知;哪里有不证知,那里就有无明;哪里有无明,那里就有有漏的识未被遍知;哪里有有漏的识未被遍知,那里就有种子的意义。
Avupacchedattho santati attho, nibbatti attho phalattho, paṭisandhi attho punabbhavattho, palibodhattho pariyuṭṭhānattho, asamugghātattho anusayattho, asampaṭivedhattho avijjattho, apariññātattho viññāṇassa bījattho. Yattha avupacchedo tattha santati, yattha santati tattha nibbatti , yattha nibbatti tattha phalaṃ, yattha phalaṃ tattha paṭisandhi, yattha paṭisandhi tattha punabbhavo, yattha punabbhavo tattha palibodho, yattha palibodho tattha pariyuṭṭhānaṃ, yattha pariyuṭṭhānaṃ tattha asamugghāto. Yattha asamugghāto tattha anusayo, yattha anusayo tattha asampaṭivedho, yattha asampaṭivedho tattha avijjā, yattha avijjā tattha sāsavaṃ viññāṇaṃ apariññātaṃ, yattha sāsavaṃ viññāṇaṃ apariññātaṃ tattha bījattho.
598戒蕴是定蕴的缘,定蕴是慧蕴的缘,慧蕴是解脱蕴的缘,解脱蕴是解脱知见蕴的缘。知时机是知适量的缘,知适量是知满足的缘,知满足是知己的缘。
Sīlakkhandho samādhikkhandhassa paccayo, samādhikkhandho paññākkhandhassa paccayo, paññākkhandho vimuttikkhandhassa paccayo, vimuttikkhandho vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhassa paccayo. Titthaññutā pītaññutāya paccayo, pītaññutā pattaññutāya paccayo, pattaññutā attaññutāya paccayo.
599又比如,依于眼和色,眼识生起。在那里,眼以增上缘的方式作为缘,色以所缘缘的方式作为缘,光明以依止的方式作为缘,作意以自性为因。诸行是识的缘,以自性为因;识是名色的缘,以自性为因;名色是六处的缘,以自性为因;六处是触的缘,以自性为因;触是受的缘,以自性为因;受是爱的缘,以自性为因;爱是取的缘,以自性为因;取是有的缘,以自性为因;有是生的缘,以自性为因;生是老死的缘,以自性为因;老死是愁的缘,以自性为因;愁是悲的缘,以自性为因;悲是苦的缘,以自性为因;苦是忧的缘,以自性为因;忧是恼的缘,以自性为因。像这样,任何依止,所有这一切都是资具。因此,大迦旃延尊者说:‘那些令某法生起的法。’
Yathā vā pana cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇaṃ. Tattha cakkhu ādhipateyyapaccayatāya paccayo, rūpā ārammaṇapaccayatāya paccayo. Āloko sannissayatāya paccayo, manasikāro sabhāvo hetu . Saṅkhārā viññāṇassa paccayo, sabhāvo hetu. Viññāṇaṃ nāmarūpassa paccayo, sabhāvo hetu. Nāmarūpaṃ saḷāyatanassa paccayo, sabhāvo hetu. Saḷāyatanaṃ phassassa paccayo, sabhāvo hetu. Phasso vedanāya paccayo, sabhāvo hetu. Vedanā taṇhāya paccayo, sabhāvo hetu. Taṇhā upādānassa paccayo, sabhāvo hetu. Upādānaṃ bhavassa paccayo, sabhāvo hetu. Bhavo jātiyā paccayo, sabhāvo hetu. Jāti jarāmaraṇassa paccayo, sabhāvo hetu. Jarāmaraṇaṃ sokassa paccayo, sabhāvo hetu. Soko paridevassa paccayo, sabhāvo hetu. Paridevo dukkhassa paccayo, sabhāvo hetu. Dukkhaṃ domanassassa paccayo, sabhāvo hetu. Domanassaṃ upāyāsassa paccayo, sabhāvo hetu. Evaṃ yo koci upanissayo sabbo so parikkhāro. Tenāha āyasmā mahākaccāyano ‘‘ye dhammā yaṃ dhammaṃ janayantī’’ti.
600相应资具线
Niyutto parikkhāro hāro.
60116. 安立线分别
16. Samāropanahāravibhaṅgo
50那里,什么是安立摄?‘那些以什么为根的法,以及那些被牟尼宣说为同一意义的法。’
Tattha katamo samāropano hāro? ‘‘Ye dhammā yaṃmūlā, ye cekatthā pakāsitā muninā’’ti.
603在一个立足处中,有多少个立足处被纳入,所有这些都应该被安立。就像在‘回转摄’中,有许多立足处被纳入一样。那里,安立有四种:立足处、同义语、修习、断除。
Ekasmiṃ padaṭṭhāne yattakāni padaṭṭhānāni otaranti, sabbāni tāni samāropayitabbāni. Yathā āvaṭṭe hāre bahukāni padaṭṭhānāni otarantīti. Tattha samāropanā catubbidhā padaṭṭhānaṃ, vevacanaṃ, bhāvanā, pahānamiti.
604那里,什么是依立足处的安立?
Tattha katamā padaṭṭhānena samāropanā?
605“一切恶的不做,善的具足;
‘‘Sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṃ, kusalassa upasampadā;
606它的立足处是什么?三种善行——身善行、语善行、意善行——就是立足处。其中,身体和语言方面的善行属于戒蕴。意善行中的无贪和无瞋,属于定蕴。正见,属于慧蕴。这个立足处中,戒蕴和定蕴是止,慧蕴是观。这个立足处中,止的果是因为离贪而心解脱,观的果是因为离无明而慧解脱。这就是立足处。
Sacittapariyodapanaṃ, etaṃ buddhāna sāsana’’nti.
607林是林秽的立足处。什么是林?什么是林秽?林就是五种欲功德,渴爱是林秽。这是立足处。林是指执取共相,认为是“女人”或“男人”。林秽是指对各各肢体、细节的随形好执取:“啊,眼睛!啊,耳朵!啊,鼻子!啊,舌头!啊,身体!”等等。这是立足处。林是指未被遍知的六内六外处,以这两者为缘而生起的结缚,这是林秽。这是立足处。林是指随眠烦恼,林秽是指现行的缠缚。这是立足处。因此,世尊说:“断除林与林秽。”这就是以立足处的方式安立。
Tassa kiṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ? Tīṇi sucaritāni – kāyasucaritaṃ vacīsucaritaṃ manosucaritaṃ – idaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ; tattha yaṃ kāyikañca vācasikañca sucaritaṃ, ayaṃ sīlakkhandho. Manosucarite yā anabhijjhā abyāpādo ca, ayaṃ samādhikkhandho. Yā sammādiṭṭhi, ayaṃ paññākkhandho. Idaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ, tattha sīlakkhandho ca samādhikkhandho ca samatho, paññākkhandho vipassanā. Idaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ, tattha samathassa phalaṃ rāgavirāgā cetovimutti, vipassanā phalaṃ avijjāvirāgā paññāvimutti. Idaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ.
608其中,什么是依同义词安立?因离贪而心解脱是有学果;因离无明而慧解脱是无学果。这是同义词。因离贪而心解脱是不还果;因离无明而慧解脱是最高果、阿拉汉果。这是同义词。因离贪而心解脱是超越欲界;因离无明而慧解脱是超越三界。这是同义词。慧根、慧力、增上慧学、慧蕴、择法觉支、舍觉支、智、正见、审察、妙观察、惭、观、对法的智——所有这些都是同义词。这就是依同义词安立。
Vanaṃ vanathassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. Kiñca vanaṃ? Ko ca vanatho? Vanaṃ nāma pañca kāmaguṇā, taṇhā vanatho. Idaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Vanaṃ nāma nimittaggāho ‘‘itthī’’ti vā ‘‘puriso’’ti vā. Vanatho nāma tesaṃ tesaṃ aṅgapaccaṅgānaṃ anubyañjanaggāho ‘‘aho cakkhu, aho sotaṃ, aho ghānaṃ, aho jivhā, aho kāyo, iti. Idaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Vanaṃ nāma cha ajjhattikabāhirāni āyatanāni apariññātāni. Yaṃ tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saṃyojanaṃ, ayaṃ vanatho. Idaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Vanaṃ nāma anusayo. Vanatho nāma pariyuṭṭhānaṃ. Idaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘chetvā vanañca vanathañcā’’ti. Ayaṃ padaṭṭhānena samāropanā.
51其中,什么是依修习安立?正如世尊说的:“因此,比丘啊,你应当住于对身观身,有热忱,正知,具念,在世间断除了贪欲和忧恼。”热忱就是精进根。正知就是慧根。具念就是念根。在世间断除了贪欲和忧恼,就是定根。这样住于对身观身的比丘,四念处修行圆满。什么原因呢?因为这四根有同一相。当四念处被修习时,四正勤修行圆满。当四正勤被修习时,四神足修行圆满。当四神足被修习时,五根修行圆满。这样,一切……什么原因呢?因为所有菩提分法、觉支法都以导向出离相而同一相,由于它们同一相,所以修行达到圆满。这就是依修习安立。
Tattha katamā vevacanena samāropanā? Rāgavirāgā cetovimutti sekkhaphalaṃ; avijjāvirāgā paññāvimutti asekkhaphalaṃ. Idaṃ vevacanaṃ. Rāgavirāgā cetovimutti anāgāmiphalaṃ; avijjāvirāgā paññāvimutti aggaphalaṃ arahattaṃ. Idaṃ vevacanaṃ. Rāgavirāgā cetovimutti kāmadhātusamatikkamanaṃ; avijjāvirāgā paññāvimutti tedhātusamatikkamanaṃ. Idaṃ vevacanaṃ. Paññindriyaṃ, paññābalaṃ, adhipaññāsikkhā, paññākkhandho, dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo, upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo, ñāṇaṃ, sammādiṭṭhi, tīraṇā, santīraṇā, hirī, vipassanā, dhamme ñāṇaṃ, sabbaṃ, idaṃ vevacanaṃ. Ayaṃ vevacanena samāropanā.
610其中,何为修习的等起?如世尊所说『因此,比丘,你应住于在身随观身,热诚、正知、具念,调伏世间的贪忧』。热诚者,即精进根。正知者,即慧根。具念者,即念根。调伏世间的贪忧者,即定根。如是住于在身随观身者,四念处达到修习圆满。何故?因四根的一相性。在四念处被修习时,四正勤达到修习圆满。在四正勤被修习时,四神足达到修习圆满。在四神足被修习时,五根达到修习圆满。如是一切。何故?因为一切觉支法都是菩提分法,以出离相为一相,它们因一相性而达到修习圆满。此为修习的等起。
Tattha katamā bhāvanāya samāropanā? Yathāha bhagavā ‘‘tasmātiha tvaṃ bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharāhi, ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ’’. Ātāpīti vīriyindriyaṃ. Sampajānoti paññindriyaṃ. Satimāti satindriyaṃ. Vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassanti samādhindriyaṃ. Evaṃ kāye kāyānupassino viharato cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchanti. Kena kāraṇena? Ekalakkhaṇattā catunnaṃ indriyānaṃ. Catūsu satipaṭṭhānesu bhāviyamānesu cattāro sammappadhānā bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchanti. Catūsu sammappadhānesu bhāviyamānesu cattāro iddhipādā bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchanti. Catūsu iddhipādesu bhāviyamānesu pañcindriyāni bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchanti. Evaṃ sabbe . Kena kāraṇena? Sabbe hi bodhaṅgamā dhammā bodhipakkhiyā niyyānikalakkhaṇena ekalakkhaṇā, te ekalakkhaṇattā bhāvanāpāripūriṃ gacchanti. Ayaṃ bhāvanāya samāropanā.
611其中,什么是通过断除而确立呢?安住于身随观身,他断除“不净中为净”的颠倒,他的段食被遍知,因欲取成为无取,从欲缚脱离,脱离贪欲身系,从欲漏成为无漏,渡越欲流,从贪箭成为离箭,他的以色为依止的识住被遍知,他于色界中的贪被断除,不走向欲趣。
Tattha katamā pahānena samāropanā? Kāye kāyānupassī viharanto ‘‘asubhe subha’’nti vipallāsaṃ pajahati, kabaḷīkāro cassa āhāro pariññaṃ gacchati, kāmupādānena ca anupādāno bhavati, kāmayogena ca visaṃyutto bhavati, abhijjhākāyaganthena ca vippayujjati, kāmāsavena ca anāsavo bhavati, kāmoghañca uttiṇṇo bhavati, rāgasallena ca visallo bhavati, rūpūpikā cassa viññāṇaṭṭhiti pariññaṃ gacchati, rūpadhātuyaṃ cassa rāgo pahīno bhavati, na ca chandāgatiṃ gacchati.
612安住于受随观受,他断除“苦中为乐”的颠倒,他的触食被遍知,因有取成为无取,从有缚脱离,脱离嗔恚身系,从有漏成为无漏,渡越有流,从嗔箭成为离箭,他的以受为依止的识住被遍知,他于受界中的贪被断除,不走向嗔趣。
Vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharanto ‘‘dukkhe sukha’’nti vipallāsaṃ pajahati, phasso cassa āhāro pariññaṃ gacchati, bhavūpādānena ca anupādāno bhavati, bhavayogena ca visaṃyutto bhavati, byāpādakāyaganthena ca vippayujjati, bhavāsavena ca anāsavo bhavati, bhavoghañca uttiṇṇo bhavati, dosasallena ca visallo bhavati, vedanūpikā cassa viññāṇaṭṭhiti pariññaṃ gacchati, vedanādhātuyaṃ cassa rāgo pahīno bhavati, na ca dosāgatiṃ gacchati.
613安住于心随观心,他断除“无常中为常”的颠倒,他的识食被遍知,因见取成为无取,从见缚脱离,脱离戒禁取身系,从见漏成为无漏,渡越见流,从慢箭成为离箭,他的以想为依止的识住被遍知,他于想界中的贪被断除,不走向怖趣。
Citte cittānupassī viharanto ‘‘anicce nicca’’nti vipallāsaṃ pajahati, viññāṇaṃ cassa āhāro pariññaṃ gacchati, diṭṭhupādānena ca anupādāno bhavati, diṭṭhiyogena ca visaṃyutto bhavati, sīlabbataparāmāsakāyaganthena ca vippayujjati, diṭṭhāsavena ca anāsavo bhavati, diṭṭhoghañca uttiṇṇo bhavati, mānasallena ca visallo bhavati, saññūpikā cassa viññāṇaṭṭhiti pariññaṃ gacchati, saññādhātuyaṃ cassa rāgo pahīno bhavati, na ca bhayāgatiṃ gacchati.
614安住于法随观法,他断除“无我中为我”的颠倒,他的意思食被遍知,因我论取成为无取,从无明缚脱离,脱离“此是真实”的执著身系,从无明漏成为无漏,渡越无明流,从痴箭成为离箭,他的以行为依止的识住被遍知,他于行界中的贪被断除,不走向痴趣。这就是通过断除而确立。
Dhammesu dhammānupassī viharanto ‘‘anattani attā’’ti vipallāsaṃ pajahati, manosañcetanā cassa āhāro pariññaṃ gacchati, attavādupādānena ca anupādāno bhavati, avijjāyogena ca visaṃyutto bhavati, idaṃsaccābhinivesakāyaganthena ca vippayujjati, avijjāsavena ca anāsavo bhavati, avijjoghañca uttiṇṇo bhavati, mohasallena ca visallo bhavati , saṅkhārūpikā cassa viññāṇaṭṭhiti pariññaṃ gacchati, saṅkhāradhātuyaṃ cassa rāgo pahīno bhavati, na ca mohāgatiṃ gacchati. Ayaṃ pahānena samāropanā.
615因此,尊者大迦旃延说:
Tenāha āyasmā mahākaccāyano –
616“那些以什么为根的法,以及被牟尼宣说为同一义的法;”
‘‘Ye dhammā yaṃ mūlā, ye cekatthā pakāsitā muninā;
617这些内容应被整合起来,这就是‘整合之摄’。
Te samāropayitabbā, esa samāropano hāro’’ti.
618相应安立线
Niyutto samāropano hāro.
619线分别完
Niṭṭhito ca hāravibhaṅgo.
6201. 教说线集
1. Desanāhārasampāto
621首先运用十六种摄,以视向诸方之眼审视了各个方向之后,
‘‘Soḷasa hārā paṭhamaṃ, disalocanato disā viloketvā.
622先以铁钩提取要义,再用三种引导方法来解明经教。
Saṅkhipiya aṅkusena hi, nayehi tīhi niddise sutta’’nti.
623以上已说,那么对它的解说应从哪里去看呢?应在‘摄之通达处’去看。在那里,什么是‘教说之摄的通达处’呢?
Vuttā, tassā niddeso kuhiṃ daṭṭhabbo? Hārasampāte. Tattha katamo desanāhārasampāto?
624以未受守护之心,被邪见所摧毁,
‘‘Arakkhitena cittena , micchādiṭṭhihatena ca;
625被昏沉与睡眠所战胜,他就会受魔的掌控。
Thinamiddhābhibhūtena, vasaṃ mārassa gacchatī’’ti.
626那么,他在教导什么?‘放逸是死神来路的那一步。’这就是说,当一个人‘把无常看作恒常’时,这被称为被邪见摧毁。那就是颠倒。而这颠倒的特征是什么?颠倒的特征就是执取相反。它颠倒什么呢?它颠倒了三个法:想、心和见。它在哪里颠倒呢?在四种自体的处所上:他观色是我,或认为我拥有色,或我中有色,或色中有我。同样地,对于受、想、行、识,他也观识是我,或认为我拥有识,或我中有识,或识中有我。
ti kiṃ desayati, pamādaṃ taṃ maccuno padaṃ. ti micchādiṭṭhihataṃ nāma vuccati yadā ‘‘anicce nicca’’nti passati, so vipallāso. So pana vipallāso kiṃlakkhaṇo? Viparītaggāhalakkhaṇo vipallāso. So kiṃ vipallāsayati? Tayo dhamme saññaṃ cittaṃ diṭṭhimiti. So kuhiṃ vipallāsayati? Catūsu attabhāvavatthūsu, rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, rūpavantaṃ vā attānaṃ, attani vā rūpaṃ, rūpasmiṃ vā attānaṃ. Evaṃ vedanaṃ…pe… saññaṃ…pe… saṅkhāre…pe… viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassati, viññāṇavantaṃ vā attānaṃ, attani vā viññāṇaṃ, viññāṇasmiṃ vā attānaṃ.
627这其中,色是第一个颠倒的处所,与‘把不净当作净’相关;受是第二个颠倒的处所,与‘把苦当作乐’相关;想和行是第三个颠倒的处所,与‘把无我当作我’相关;识是第四个颠倒的处所,与‘把无常当作恒常’相关。有两种法使心染污:爱和无明。被爱所覆盖的心,通过两个颠倒而被颠倒:‘把不净当作净’和‘把苦当作乐’。被见所覆盖的心,通过两个颠倒而被颠倒:‘把无常当作恒常’和‘把无我当作我’。
Tattha rūpaṃ paṭhamaṃ vipallāsavatthu ‘‘asubhe subha’’nti. Vedanā dutiyaṃ vipallāsavatthu ‘‘dukkhe sukha’’nti. Saññā saṅkhārā ca tatiyaṃ vipallāsavatthu ‘‘anattani attā’’ti. Viññāṇaṃ catutthaṃ vipallāsavatthu ‘‘anicce nicca’’nti. Dve dhammā cittassa saṃkilesā – taṇhā ca avijjā ca. Taṇhānivutaṃ cittaṃ dvīhi vipallāsehi vipallāsīyati ‘‘asubhe subha’’nti ‘‘dukkhe sukha’’nti. Diṭṭhinivutaṃ cittaṃ dvīhi vipallāsehi vipallāsīyati ‘‘anicce nicca’’nti ‘‘anattani attā’’ti.
628这其中,凡是见的颠倒,就会观过去的色是我,观过去的受、想、行、识是我。凡是爱的颠倒,就会欢喜未来的色,欢喜未来的受、想、行、识。有两种法是心的随烦恼:爱和无明。当心从它们中清净时,心就得到清净。对于那些被无明所障、被爱所缚而流转、轮回的众生——一时在地狱,一时在畜生界,一时在饿鬼道,一时在阿修罗身,一时在天界,一时在人道——他们的前际是看不到尽头的。
Tattha yo diṭṭhivipallāso, so atītaṃ rūpaṃ attato samanupassati, atītaṃ vedanaṃ…pe… atītaṃ saññaṃ, atīte saṅkhāre…pe… atītaṃ viññāṇaṃ attato samanupassati. Tattha yo taṇhāvipallāso, so anāgataṃ rūpaṃ abhinandati, anāgataṃ vedanaṃ…pe… anāgataṃ saññaṃ, anāgate saṅkhāre, anāgataṃ viññāṇaṃ abhinandati. Dve dhammā cittassa upakkilesā – taṇhā ca avijjā ca. Tāhi visujjhantaṃ cittaṃ visujjhati. Tesaṃ avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ pubbā koṭi na paññāyati sandhāvantānaṃ saṃsarantānaṃ sakiṃ nirayaṃ sakiṃ tiracchānayoniṃ sakiṃ pettivisayaṃ sakiṃ asurakāyaṃ sakiṃ deve sakiṃ manusse.
629因此,昏沉就是心的不适业与不堪任;睡眠就是身体的困重。这表示此人臣服于烦恼轮回和众生轮回,因为他被覆盖而面向轮回。世尊教导了这两个真理:苦和集。为了遍知苦和断除集,世尊教导法——通过知晓苦和断除集的路径而教导。而用来遍知和断除的路径,就是道。爱和无明的断除,就是灭。这就是四圣谛。因此世尊说‘以未守护的心’等等。也因此,大迦旃延尊者说应‘以味和过患的角度’来审察。
ti. Thinaṃ nāma yā cittassa akallatā akammaniyatā; middhaṃ nāma yaṃ kāyassa līnattaṃ. ti kilesamārassa ca sattamārassa ca vasaṃ gacchati, so hi nivuto saṃsārābhimukho hoti. Imāni bhagavatā dve saccāni desitāni dukkhaṃ samudayo ca. Tesaṃ bhagavā pariññāya ca pahānāya ca dhammaṃ deseti dukkhassa pariññāya samudayassa pahānāya. Yena ca parijānāti yena ca pajahati, ayaṃ maggo. Yaṃ taṇhāya avijjāya ca pahānaṃ, ayaṃ nirodho. Imāni cattāri saccāni. Tenāha bhagavā ‘‘arakkhitena cittenā’’ti. Tenāhāyasmā mahākaccāyano ‘‘assādādīnavatā’’ti.
630相应教说线集
Niyutto desanā hārasampāto.
6312. 抉择线集
2. Vicayahārasampāto
53其中,什么是审察与摄持方法的运用?在这里,爱有两种:善的和不善的。不善的爱导向轮回,善的爱是趋向灭尽的断爱。慢也有两种:善的和不善的。以慢为基础来舍弃慢的那种慢,是善的慢。而那种产生苦的慢,则是不善的慢。这其中,当基于出离的忧产生时:一个人心想‘我何时才能亲身证入并安住于那个圣者们亲身证入并安住的寂静境界呢?’于是生起渴望,由渴望生起忧;这种爱是善的,因为导向离欲,是心解脱。以同一所缘,善的无明离欲则导向慧解脱。
Tattha katamo vicayo hārasampāto? Tattha taṇhā duvidhā kusalāpi akusalāpi. Akusalā saṃsāragāminī, kusalā apacayagāminī pahānataṇhā. Mānopi duvidho kusalopi akusalopi. Yaṃ mānaṃ nissāya mānaṃ pajahati, ayaṃ māno kusalo. Yo pana māno dukkhaṃ nibbattayati, ayaṃ māno akusalo. Tattha yaṃ nekkhammasitaṃ domanassaṃ kudāssunāmāhaṃ taṃ āyatanaṃ sacchikatvā upasampajja viharissaṃ yaṃ ariyā santaṃ āyatanaṃ sacchikatvā upasampajja viharantīti tassa uppajjati pihā, pihāpaccayā domanassaṃ, ayaṃ taṇhā kusalā rāgavirāgā cetovimutti, tadārammaṇā kusalā avijjāvirāgā paññāvimutti.
633那对它的详审是什么?就是八支圣道:正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定。这应该在哪里被看见?在第四禅那的圆满中。因为在第四禅那,修行者培育出具备八支的心:纯净、洁白、无瑕疵、远离随烦恼、柔软、堪任、稳固、达到不动。那时,他获得八种成就:六种神通和两种殊胜。他的心在纯净之后得以洁白,洁白之后得以无瑕疵,无瑕疵之后得以远离随烦恼,远离随烦恼之后得以柔软,柔软之后得以堪任,堪任之后得以稳固,稳固之后得以达到不动。这其中,瑕疵和随烦恼,这两者都属于爱的部分。而心的动摇和不稳固,这属于见的部分。
Tassā ko pavicayo? Aṭṭha maggaṅgāni sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi. So kattha daṭṭhabbo? Catutthe jhāne pāramitāya. Catutthe hi jhāne aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgataṃ cittaṃ bhāvayati parisuddhaṃ pariyodātaṃ anaṅgaṇaṃ vigatūpakkilesaṃ mudu kammaniyaṃ ṭhitaṃ āneñjappattaṃ. So tattha aṭṭhavidhaṃ adhigacchati cha abhiññā dve ca visese, taṃ cittaṃ yato parisuddhaṃ, tato pariyodātaṃ, yato pariyodātaṃ , tato anaṅgaṇaṃ, yato anaṅgaṇaṃ, tato vigatūpakkilesaṃ, yato vigatūpakkilesaṃ, tato mudu, yato mudu, tato kammaniyaṃ, yato kammaniyaṃ, tato ṭhitaṃ, yato ṭhitaṃ, tato āneñjappattaṃ. Tattha aṅgaṇā ca upakkilesā ca tadubhayaṃ taṇhāpakkho. Yā ca iñjanā yā ca cittassa aṭṭhiti, ayaṃ diṭṭhipakkho.
634第四禅中,苦根、忧根、乐根、喜根这四根止息了,那时他的舍根保留下来。他作意上方的等至是寂静的;当他作意上方的等至是寂静时,在第四禅中,粗的想现起、厌离想和抗拒想也现起。他完全超越色想、令抗拒想消失、不作意种种想,亲身证得'虚空无边'的虚空无边处等至并安住其中。神通引向、色想、差别、种种想被超越,他的抗拒想彻底消失。这样,对于那个已入定的人来说,定的光明和色的景象都消失了。这种具备六支的定应当被观察。'我对整个世间的心已无贪求相伴,我对一切众生的心已无瞋害,我的精进已激发并策励,我的身体已轻安不躁动,我的心已入定不散乱,我的念已现前不忘失。'其中,'我对整个世间的心已无贪求相伴''我对一切众生的心已无瞋害''我的精进已激发并策励''我的心已入定不散乱',这是止。'我的身体已轻安不躁动',这是定的资具。'我的念已现前不忘失',这是观。
Cattāri indriyāni dukkhindriyaṃ domanassindriyaṃ sukhindriyaṃ somanassindriyañca catutthajjhāne nirujjhanti, tassa upekkhindriyaṃ avasiṭṭhaṃ bhavati. So uparimaṃ samāpattiṃ santato manasikaroti, tassa uparimaṃ samāpattiṃ santato manasikaroto catutthajjhāne oḷārikā saññā saṇṭhahati ukkaṇṭhā ca paṭighasaññā, so sabbaso rūpasaññānaṃ samatikkamā paṭighasaññānaṃ atthaṅgamā nānattasaññānaṃ amanasikārā ‘‘anantaṃ ākāsa’’nti ākāsānañcāyatanasamāpattiṃ sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Abhiññābhinīhāro rūpasaññā vokāro nānattasaññā samatikkamati paṭighasaññā cassa abbhatthaṃ gacchati, evaṃ samādhi tassa samāhitassa obhāso antaradhāyati dassanañca rūpānaṃ, so samādhi chaḷaṅgasamannāgato paccavekkhitabbo . Anabhijjhāsahagataṃ me mānasaṃ sabbaloke, abyāpannaṃ me cittaṃ sabbasattesu, āraddhaṃ me vīriyaṃ paggahitaṃ, passaddho me kāyo asāraddho, samāhitaṃ me cittaṃ avikkhittaṃ, upaṭṭhitā me sati asammuṭṭhā , tattha yañca anabhijjhāsahagataṃ mānasaṃ sabbaloke yañca abyāpannaṃ cittaṃ sabbasattesu yañca āraddhaṃ vīriyaṃ paggahitaṃ yañca samāhitaṃ cittaṃ avikkhittaṃ, ayaṃ samatho. Yo passaddho kāyo asāraddho, ayaṃ samādhiparikkhāro. Yā upaṭṭhitā sati asammuṭṭhā ayaṃ vipassanā.
54这种定应当以五种方式了知。'此定有现世乐'——如此便有个人的智见现前;'此定有未来的乐果报'——如此便有个人的智见现前;'此定是圣的、无染的'——如此便有个人的智见现前;'此定不为恶人所修习'——如此便有个人的智见现前;'此定是寂静的、微妙的、获得轻安的、证得专一的,并且不是以造作强行压制、刻意遮止而达到的'——如此便有个人的智见现前。而且,对于这个定,'我正念地入定,正念地出定'——如此便有个人的智见现前。其中,具有现世乐的定、具有未来乐果报的定,这是止。而那个圣的、无染的定,那个不为恶人所修习的定,那个寂静的、微妙的、获得轻安的、证得专一的、不是以造作强行压制刻意遮止而达到的定,以及'我正念地入定,正念地出定',这是观。
So samādhi pañcavidhena veditabbo. Ayaṃ samādhi ‘‘paccuppannasukho’’ti itissa paccattameva ñāṇadassanaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ bhavati, ayaṃ samādhi ‘‘āyatiṃ sukhavipāko’’ti itissa paccattameva ñāṇadassanaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ bhavati, ayaṃ samādhi ‘‘ariyo nirāmiso’’ti itissa paccattameva ñāṇadassanaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ bhavati, ayaṃ samādhi ‘‘akāpurisasevito’’ti itissa paccattameva ñāṇadassanaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ bhavati, ayaṃ samādhi ‘‘santo ceva paṇīto ca paṭippassaddhiladdho ca ekodibhāvādhigato ca na sasaṅkhāraniggayhavāritagato cā’’ti itissa paccattameva ñāṇadassanaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ bhavati. Taṃ kho panimaṃ samādhiṃ ‘‘sato samāpajjāmi sato vuṭṭhahāmī’’ti itissa paccattameva ñāṇadassanaṃ paccupaṭṭhitaṃ bhavati. Tattha yo ca samādhi paccuppannasukho yo ca samādhi āyatiṃ sukhavipāko ayaṃ samatho. Yo ca samādhi ariyo nirāmiso, yo ca samādhi akāpurisasevito, yo ca samādhi santo ceva paṇīto paṭippassaddhiladdho ca ekodibhāvādhigato ca na sasaṅkhāraniggayhavāritagato ca yañcāhaṃ taṃ kho panimaṃ samādhiṃ sato samāpajjāmi sato vuṭṭhahāmīti, ayaṃ vipassanā.
636这种定应当以五种方式了知:喜遍满、乐遍满、心遍满、光明遍满、观察相。其中,喜遍满、乐遍满、心遍满,这是止。光明遍满和观察相,这是观。
So samādhi pañcavidhena veditabbo pītipharaṇatā sukhapharaṇatā cetopharaṇatā ālokapharaṇatā paccavekkhaṇānimittaṃ. Tattha yo ca pītipharaṇo yo ca sukhapharaṇo yo ca cetopharaṇo, ayaṃ samatho. Yo ca ālokapharaṇo yañca paccavekkhaṇānimittaṃ. Ayaṃ vipassanā.
55十遍处:地遍、水遍、火遍、风遍、青遍、黄遍、赤遍、白遍、虚空遍、识遍。其中,地遍、水遍,乃至一切,以及白遍,这八种遍是止。虚空遍和识遍,这是观。如此,一切圣道以任何方式被宣说,就应当以那种方式将止与观结合起来。它们由三个法所统摄:无常性、苦性、无我性。如此修习止观的人,便修习三种解脱门。修习三种解脱门的人,便修习三蕴。修习三蕴的人,便修习圣八支道。
Dasa kasiṇāyatanāni pathavīkasiṇaṃ āpokasiṇaṃ tejokasiṇaṃ vāyokasiṇaṃ nīlakasiṇaṃ pītakasiṇaṃ lohitakasiṇaṃ odātakasiṇaṃ ākāsakasiṇaṃ viññāṇakasiṇaṃ. Tattha yañca pathavīkasiṇaṃ yañca āpokasiṇaṃ evaṃ sabbaṃ, yañca odātakasiṇaṃ. Imāni aṭṭha kasiṇāni samatho. Yañca ākāsakasiṇaṃ yañca viññāṇakasiṇaṃ, ayaṃ vipassanā. Evaṃ sabbo ariyo maggo yena yena ākārena vutto, tena tena samathavipassanena yojayitabbo. Te tīhi dhammehi saṅgahitā aniccatāya dukkhatāya anattatāya. So samathavipassanaṃ bhāvayamāno tīṇi vimokkhamukhāni bhāvayati. Tīṇi vimokkhamukhāni bhāvayanto tayo khandhe bhāvayati. Tayo khandhe bhāvayanto ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bhāvayati.
638贪行的人通过无相解脱门出离,他学修增上心学,断除贪这个不善根,不去碰触会带来乐受的触,遍知乐受,排除贪的垢秽,抖落贪的尘污,吐出贪的毒,熄灭贪的火,拔出贪的箭,解开贪的缠结。瞋行的人通过无愿解脱门出离,他学修增上戒学,断除瞋这个不善根,不去碰触会带来苦受的触,遍知苦受,排除瞋的垢秽,抖落瞋的尘污,吐出瞋的毒,熄灭瞋的火,拔出瞋的箭,解开瞋的缠结。痴行的人通过空解脱门出离,他学修增上慧学,断除痴这个不善根,不去碰触会带来不苦不乐受的触,遍知不苦不乐受,排除痴的垢秽,抖落痴的尘污,吐出痴的毒,熄灭痴的火,拔出痴的箭,解开痴的缠结。
Rāgacarito puggalo animittena vimokkhamukhena niyyāti adhicittasikkhāya sikkhanto lobhaṃ akusalamūlaṃ pajahanto sukhavedanīyaṃ phassaṃ anupagacchanto sukhaṃ vedanaṃ parijānanto rāgamalaṃ pavāhento rāgarajaṃ niddhunanto rāgavisaṃ vamento rāgaggiṃ nibbāpento rāgasallaṃ uppāṭento rāgajaṭaṃ vijaṭento. Dosacarito puggalo appaṇihitena vimokkhamukhena niyyāti adhisīlasikkhāya sikkhanto dosaṃ akusalamūlaṃ pajahanto dukkhavedanīyaṃ phassaṃ anupagacchanto dukkhavedanaṃ parijānanto dosamalaṃ pavāhento dosarajaṃ niddhunanto dosavisaṃ vamento dosaggiṃ nibbāpento dosasallaṃ uppāṭento dosajaṭaṃ vijaṭento. Mohacarito puggalo suññatavimokkhamukhena niyyāti adhipaññāsikkhāya sikkhanto mohaṃ akusalamūlaṃ pajahanto adukkhamasukhavedanīyaṃ phassaṃ anupagacchanto adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ parijānanto mohamalaṃ pavāhento moharajaṃ niddhunanto mohavisaṃ vamento mohaggiṃ nibbāpento mohasallaṃ uppāṭento mohajaṭaṃ vijaṭento.
639其中,空解脱门是慧蕴,无相解脱门是定蕴,无愿解脱门是戒蕴。如此修习三种解脱门的人,便修习三蕴;修习三蕴的人,便修习圣八支道。其中,正语、正业、正命,这是戒蕴;正精进、正念、正定,这是定蕴;正见、正思惟,这是慧蕴。
Tattha suññatavimokkhamukhaṃ paññākkhandho, animittavimokkhamukhaṃ samādhikkhandho, appaṇihitavimokkhamukhaṃ sīlakkhandho. So tīṇi vimokkhamukhāni bhāvayanto tayo khandhe bhāvayati, tayo khandhe bhāvayanto ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ bhāvayati. Tattha yā ca sammāvācā yo ca sammākammanto yo ca sammāājīvo, ayaṃ sīlakkhandho, yo ca sammāvāyāmo yā ca sammāsati yo ca sammāsamādhi, ayaṃ samādhikkhandho, yā ca sammādiṭṭhi yo ca sammāsaṅkappo, ayaṃ paññākkhandho.
640在这里,戒蕴和定蕴是止,慧蕴是观。对于修习止观的人,他的两种存在因素会得到修习:身体和心。通往存在熄灭的道路有两条:戒与定。这样的比丘,是身体得到修习的人、戒得到修习的人、心得到修习的人、慧得到修习的人。当身体被修习时,有两种法得到修习:正业和正精进。当戒被修习时,有两种法得到修习:正语和正命。当心被修习时,有两种法得到修习:正念和正定。当慧被修习时,有两种法得到修习:正见和正思维。
Tattha sīlakkhandho ca samādhikkhandho ca samatho, paññākkhandho vipassanā. Yo samathavipassanaṃ bhāveti, tassa dve bhavaṅgāni bhāvanaṃ gacchanti kāyo cittañca, bhavanirodhagāminī paṭipadā dve padāni sīlaṃ samādhi ca. So hoti bhikkhu bhāvitakāyo bhāvitasīlo bhāvitacitto bhāvitapañño. Kāye bhāviyamāne dve dhammā bhāvanaṃ gacchanti sammākammanto sammāvāyāmo ca, sīle bhāviyamāne dve dhammā bhāvanaṃ gacchanti sammāvācā sammāājīvo ca, citte bhāviyamāne dve dhammā bhāvanaṃ gacchanti sammāsati sammāsamādhi ca, paññāya bhāviyamānāya dve dhammā bhāvanaṃ gacchanti sammādiṭṭhi sammāsaṅkappo ca.
641在这里,正业和正精进,它们可能属于身体,也可能属于心意。其中属于身体的部分,在身体得到修习时便获得修习;属于心的部分,在心得到修习时便获得修习。那位修习止观的人,会获得五种证得:他是快速证得者,是解脱证得者,是大证得者,是广博证得者,是无余证得者。在这里,通过止,获得快速证得、大证得和广博证得;通过观,获得解脱证得和无余证得。
Tattha yo ca sammākammanto yo ca sammāvāyāmo siyā kāyiko siyā cetasiko, tattha yo kāyasaṅgaho, so kāye bhāvite bhāvanaṃ gacchati, yo cittasaṅgaho, so citte bhāvite bhāvanaṃ gacchati. So samathavipassanaṃ bhāvayanto pañcavidhaṃ adhigamaṃ gacchati khippādhigamo ca hoti, vimuttādhigamo ca hoti, mahādhigamo ca hoti, vipulādhigamo ca hoti, anavasesādhigamo ca hoti. Tattha samathena khippādhigamo ca mahādhigamo ca vipulādhigamo ca hoti, vipassanāya vimuttādhigamo ca anavasesādhigamo ca hoti.
56在这里,那位说法者,就是具足十力的导师,他绝不会用教诫去误导弟子们。他会用三种方式说:'你们这样做,用这个方法做,当你们这么做时,会带来利益与安乐。'那种情况是不可能的:他这样教导、这样指示后,如果有人照着做、照着实践,却到达不了那个境地。那种情况是不可能的:他这样教导、这样指示后,有人不圆满修习戒蕴,却能到达那个境地。那种情况是可能的:他这样教导、这样指示后,有人圆满修习戒蕴,就能到达那个境地。
Tattha yo desayati, so dasabalasamannāgato satthā ovādena sāvake na visaṃvādayati. So tividhaṃ idaṃ karotha iminā upāyena karotha idaṃ vo kurumānānaṃ hitāya sukhāya bhavissati, so tathā ovadito tathānusiṭṭho tathākaronto tathāpaṭipajjanto taṃ bhūmiṃ na pāpuṇissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. So tathā ovadito tathānusiṭṭho sīlakkhandhaṃ aparipūrayanto taṃ bhūmiṃ anupāpuṇissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. So tathā ovadito tathānusiṭṭho sīlakkhandhaṃ paripūrayanto taṃ bhūmiṃ anupāpuṇissatīti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati.
643对于证得正自觉的您来说,那种情况是不可能的:'这些法是您所未觉了的。'对于断尽一切烦恼的您来说,那种情况是不可能的:'这些烦恼是您所未断尽的。'那种情况是不可能的:'为了他的利益而宣说的法,当人照着做时,却不能正确地导向灭尽苦。'然而,那种情况是不可能的:'弟子依法随法而行、正确实践、随法而住,却不会逐步证得更殊胜的胜妙证悟。'
Sammāsambuddhassa te sato ime dhammā anabhisambuddhāti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Sabbāsavaparikkhīṇassa te sato ime āsavā aparikkhīṇāti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Yassa te atthāya dhammo desito, so na niyyāti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāyāti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Sāvako kho pana te dhammānudhammappaṭipanno sāmīcippaṭipanno anudhammacārī so pubbena aparaṃ uḷāraṃ visesādhigamaṃ na sacchikarissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
644而那种情况是不可能的:'那些有障碍的法,如果去从事它们,却不能成为障碍。'那种情况是不可能的:'那些不导向出离的法,当人照着做时,却能正确地导向灭尽苦。'那种情况是可能的:'那些导向出离的法,当人照着做时,便能正确地导向灭尽苦。'然而,那种情况是不可能的:'还有有余依的弟子,能达到无余依的涅槃界。'
Ye kho pana dhammā antarāyikā, te paṭisevato nālaṃ antarāyāyāti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Ye kho pana dhammā aniyyānikā, te niyyanti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāyāti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Ye kho pana dhammā niyyānikā, te niyyanti takkarassa sammā dukkhakkhayāyāti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati. Sāvako kho pana te saupādiseso anupādisesaṃ nibbānadhātuṃ anupāpuṇissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati.
645具足见者会亲手或亲脚夺取母亲的生命,或狠狠打死她——这种情况是不可能的。凡夫会亲手或亲脚夺取母亲的生命,或狠狠打死她——这种情况是可能的。对于父亲,也是如此。对于阿拉汉,对于比丘,也是如此。具足见者会分裂僧团,或在僧团中制造分裂——这种情况是不可能的。凡夫会分裂僧团,或在僧团中制造分裂——这种情况是可能的。具足见者会以恶意让如来流血,或在如来般涅槃后,以恶意破坏佛塔——这种情况是不可能的。凡夫会以恶意让如来流血,或在如来般涅槃后,以恶意破坏佛塔——这种情况是可能的。具足见者会宣称其他人为导师,哪怕是为了活命——这种情况是不可能的。凡夫会宣称其他人为导师——这种情况是可能的。具足见者会在世尊的教法之外,去寻找其他应供养的对象——这种情况是不可能的。凡夫会在世尊的教法之外,去寻找其他应供养的对象——这种情况是可能的。具足见者会通过仪式性的、祈求吉祥的行为来获得清净——这种情况是不可能的。凡夫会通过仪式性的、祈求吉祥的行为来获得清净——这种情况是可能的。
Diṭṭhisampanno mātaraṃ jīvitā voropeyya hatthehi vā pādehi vā suhataṃ kareyyāti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati, puthujjano mātaraṃ jīvitā voropeyya hatthehi vā pādehi vā suhataṃ kareyyāti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati. Evaṃ pitaraṃ, arahantaṃ, bhikkhuṃ. Diṭṭhisampanno puggalo saṅghaṃ bhindeyya saṅghe vā saṅgharājiṃ janeyyāti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati, puthujjano saṅghaṃ bhindeyya saṅghe vā saṅgharājiṃ janeyyāti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati, diṭṭhisampanno tathāgatassa duṭṭhacitto lohitaṃ uppādeyya, parinibbutassa vā tathāgatassa duṭṭhacitto thūpaṃ bhindeyyāti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Puthujjano tathāgatassa duṭṭhacitto lohitaṃ uppādeyya, parinibbutassa vā tathāgatassa duṭṭhacitto thūpaṃ bhindeyyāti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati. Diṭṭhisampanno aññaṃ satthāraṃ apadiseyya api jīvitahetūti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati, puthujjano aññaṃ satthāraṃ apadiseyyāti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati. Diṭṭhisampanno ito bahiddhā aññaṃ dakkhiṇeyyaṃ pariyeseyyāti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati, puthujjano ito bahiddhā aññaṃ dakkhiṇeyyaṃ pariyeseyyāti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati, diṭṭhisampanno kutūhalamaṅgalena suddhiṃ pacceyyāti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati. Puthujjano kutūhalamaṅgalena suddhiṃ pacceyyāti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati.
57女人会成为转轮王,这是不可能的,没有这种情况;男人会成为转轮王,这是可能的,有这种情况;女人会成为沙咖天帝,这是不可能的,没有这种情况;男人会成为沙咖天帝,这是可能的,有这种情况;女人会成为魔王波旬,这是不可能的,没有这种情况;男人会成为魔王波旬,这是可能的,有这种情况;女人会成为大梵天,这是不可能的,没有这种情况;男人会成为大梵天,这是可能的,有这种情况;女人会成为如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者,这是不可能的,没有这种情况;男人会成为如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者,这是可能的,有这种情况。
Itthī rājā cakkavattī siyāti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati, puriso rājā cakkavattī siyāti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati; itthī sakko devānamindo siyāti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati, puriso sakko devānamindo siyāti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati; itthī māro pāpimā siyāti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati, puriso māro pāpimā siyāti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati; itthī mahābrahmā siyāti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati, puriso mahābrahmā siyāti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati; itthī tathāgato arahaṃ sammāsambuddho siyāti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati, puriso tathāgato arahaṃ sammāsambuddho siyāti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati.
647两位如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者,不先不后,同时出现在同一个世界界域,或同时演说正法,这是不可能的,没有这种情况;只有一位如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者,会在同一个世界界域出现,或演说正法,这是可能的,有这种情况。
Dve tathāgatā arahanto sammāsambuddhā apubbaṃ acarimaṃ ekissā lokadhātuyā uppajjeyyuṃ vā dhammaṃ vā deseyyunti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati, ekova tathāgato arahaṃ sammāsambuddho ekissā lokadhātuyā uppajjissati vā dhammaṃ vā desessatīti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati.
648三种恶行会带来可爱、可意、可乐的果报,这是不可能的,没有这种情况;三种恶行会带来不可爱、不可意、不可乐的果报,这是可能的,有这种情况。三种善行会带来不可爱、不可意、不可乐的果报,这是不可能的,没有这种情况;三种善行会带来可爱、可意、可乐的果报,这是可能的,有这种情况。
Tiṇṇaṃ duccaritānaṃ iṭṭho kanto piyo manāpo vipāko bhavissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati, tiṇṇaṃ duccaritānaṃ aniṭṭho akanto appiyo amanāpo vipāko bhavissatīti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati . Tiṇṇaṃ sucaritānaṃ aniṭṭho akanto appiyo amanāpo vipāko bhavissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati, tiṇṇaṃ sucaritānaṃ iṭṭho kanto piyo manāpo vipāko bhavissatīti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati.
649某个沙门或婆罗门,是欺诈者、饶舌者、占相者,以欺诈、饶舌、占相的行为作为先导,不舍弃五盖——那些心的污垢、使慧力羸弱的,在四念住上没有善住于念而住,不修习七觉支,而能证悟无上正等觉,这是不可能的,没有这种情况;某个沙门或婆罗门,远离一切过失,舍弃了五盖——那些心的污垢、使慧力羸弱的,在四念住上善住于念而住,修习七觉支,而能证悟无上正等觉,这是可能的,有这种情况。这里随因、随处、无分别地具有的智,就叫做处非处智——如来的第一种力。
Aññataro samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā kuhako lapako nemittako kuhanalapananemittakattaṃ pubbaṅgamaṃ katvā pañca nīvaraṇe appahāya cetaso upakkilese paññāya dubbalīkaraṇe catūsu satipaṭṭhānesu anupaṭṭhitassati viharanto satta bojjhaṅge abhāvayitvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhissatīti netaṃ ṭhānaṃ vijjati, aññataro samaṇo vā brāhmaṇo vā sabbadosāpagato pañca nīvaraṇe pahāya cetaso upakkilese paññāya dubbalīkaraṇe catūsu satipaṭṭhānesu upaṭṭhitassati viharanto satta bojjhaṅge bhāvayitvā anuttaraṃ sammāsambodhiṃ abhisambujjhissatīti ṭhānametaṃ vijjati. Yaṃ ettha ñāṇaṃ hetuso ṭhānaso anodhiso idaṃ vuccati ṭhānāṭṭhānañāṇaṃ paṭhamaṃ tathāgatabalaṃ.
650这样,一切属于处非处的法都是坏灭法、衰灭法、离贪法、灭尽法,有些是通往天道,有些是通往恶趣,有些是通往涅槃,世尊这样说——
Iti ṭhānāṭṭhānagatā sabbe khayadhammā vayadhammā virāgadhammā nirodhadhammā keci saggūpagā keci apāyūpagā keci nibbānūpagā, evaṃ bhagavā āha –
651‘一切有情都会死去,生命终归于死。他们将随业而去,领受善业与不善业的果报。造恶业者堕地狱。’——这是非福德的行道。‘行福德业者往善趣。’——这是福德的行道。‘而另一些人则修习了圣道,成为烦恼灭尽般的般涅槃者。’——这是超越福德与非福德的行道。其中,福德的行道与非福德的行道,这二者都是‘遍赴一切处’的同一种行道,一个通往诸恶趣,一个通往诸天界。而超越福德与非福德的行道,则是‘各赴其处’的行道。
‘‘Sabbe sattā marissanti, maraṇantaṃ hi jīvitaṃ, yathākammaṃ gamissanti, puññapāpaphalūpagā, nirayaṃ pāpakammantā’’ti apuññappaṭipadā, ‘‘puññakammā ca suggati’’nti puññappaṭipadā, ‘‘apare ca maggaṃ bhāvetvā, parinibbantināsavā’’ti puññapāpasamatikkamappaṭipadā, tattha yā ca puññappaṭipadā yā ca apuññappaṭipadā, ayaṃ ekā paṭipadā sabbatthagāminī ekā apāyesu, ekā devesu, yā ca puññapāpasamatikkamā paṭipadā ayaṃ tattha tattha gāminī paṭipadā.
652他们随业而去,领受福业与罪业的果报。
Yathākammaṃ gamissanti, puññapāpaphalūpagā;
653造恶业的人堕入地狱,造善业的人投生善趣。
Nirayaṃ pāpakammantā, puññakammā ca suggatiṃ;
654还有些人修习圣道之后,无漏而般涅槃。这是圣者和非圣者、属于有身者与超越有身者。有两种死:迟死和速死;属于有身者是速死,超越有身者是迟死。所谓死,就是寿命耗尽、诸根坏灭,生命的终结。这是业的所有性。这是显示业的果报,并且不离于业。
Apare ca maggaṃ bhāvetvā, parinibbantināsavāti .
655「一切有情」即圣者与非圣者,被身见所摄者与超越身见者。「将死」即以两种死——缓慢死与非缓慢死,被身见所摄者是非缓慢死,超越身见者是缓慢死。「以死为终」即由于寿命的灭尽、诸根的断绝,生命的终结、死亡的终结。「随业而去」即业的所有性。「趣向福与罪的果报」即诸业的果报显现与不离。
ti ariyā ca anariyā ca sakkāyapariyāpannā ca sakkāyavītivattā ca. ti dvīhi maraṇehi dandhamaraṇena ca adandhamaraṇena ca, sakkāyapariyāpannānaṃ adandhamaraṇaṃ sakkāyavītivattānaṃ dandhamaraṇaṃ. nti khayā āyussa indriyānaṃ uparodhā jīvitapariyanto maraṇapariyanto. ti kammassakatā. ti kammānaṃ phaladassāvitā ca avippavāso ca.
656‘一切众生都会死去,生命终归于死亡。他们随业而去,领受福业与罪业的果报。造恶业者入地狱。’这是粗劣和焦灼的修行方式。‘还有些人修习圣道之后,无漏而般涅槃。’这是中道的修行方式。‘一切众生都会死去……造恶业者入地狱。’这是杂染。它就这样使轮回产生。‘一切众生都会死去……造恶业者入地狱。’这是三种轮转:苦轮转、业轮转、烦恼轮转。‘还有些人修习圣道之后,无漏而般涅槃。’这是对三种轮转的出离与反转。‘一切众生都会死去……造恶业者入地狱。’这是过患,‘造善业者去善趣’这是味,‘还有些人修习圣道之后,无漏而般涅槃。’这是出离。‘一切众生都会死去……造恶业者入地狱。’这是因与果,五取蕴是果,渴爱是因,‘还有些人修习圣道之后,无漏而般涅槃。’这是道与果。
ti apuññasaṅkhārā. nti puññasaṅkhārā sugatiṃ gamissanti. ti sabbasaṅkhārānaṃ samatikkamanaṃ. Tenāha bhagavā – ‘‘sabbe…pe… nāsavā’’ti.
657一切众生终将死去,因为生命是以死亡为终点的。
Sabbe sattā marissanti, maraṇantaṃ hi jīvitaṃ.
59关于染着,贪染应当通过三种渴爱来指出——欲爱、有爱、无有爱。或者,也可以通过他被任何一种事理紧紧执取的方式来指出。它的详细展开,就是三十六种爱网的游走方式。关于见染,应当通过断灭见和常见来指出,或者,也可以通过他依见解而顽固执取的方式——‘只有这是真理,其他都是虚妄’——来指出。它的详细展开,就是六十二种邪见。关于恶行染,应当通过思与心所业来指出,也就是通过三种恶行——身的恶行、语的恶行、意的恶行——来指出。它的详细展开,就是十个不善业道。而另一些人则修习了圣道,成为烦恼灭尽般的般涅槃者,这是清净。
Tattha taṇhāsaṃkileso tīhi taṇhāhi niddisitabbo – kāmataṇhāya bhavataṇhāya vibhavataṇhāya. Yena yena vā pana vatthunā ajjhosito, tena teneva niddisitabbo, tassā vitthāro chattiṃsāya taṇhāya jāliniyā vicaritāni. Tattha diṭṭhisaṃkileso ucchedasassatena niddisitabbo, yena yena vā pana vatthunā diṭṭhivasena abhinivisati, ‘‘idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’’nti tena teneva niddisitabbo, tassā vitthāro dvāsaṭṭhi diṭṭhigatāni. Tattha duccaritasaṃkileso cetanā cetasikakammena niddisitabbo, tīhi duccaritehi kāyaduccaritena vacīduccaritena manoduccaritena, tassā vitthāro dasa akusalakammapathā. Apare ca maggaṃ bhāvetvā, parinibbantināsavāti idaṃ vodānaṃ.
659这种清净分为三类:贪染通过止而清净,此止就是定蕴;见染通过观而清净,此观就是慧蕴;恶行染通过善行而清净,此善行就是戒蕴。
Tayidaṃ vodānaṃ tividhaṃ; taṇhāsaṃkileso samathena visujjhati, so samatho samādhikkhandho, diṭṭhisaṃkileso vipassanāya visujjhati, sā vipassanā paññākkhandho, duccaritasaṃkileso sucaritena visujjhati, taṃ sucaritaṃ sīlakkhandho.
660「一切有情将死,生命以死为终。他们将随业而去,趣向福与罪的果报。作恶业者趣地狱」,这是急速道与炙热道。「另有些修习道者,诸漏尽而般涅槃」,这是中道。「一切有情将死,生命以死为终,他们将随业而去,趣向福与罪的果报,作恶业者趣地狱」,这是杂染。如此产生轮回。「一切有情将死……乃至……作恶业者趣地狱」,这是三轮转——苦轮转、业轮转、烦恼轮转。「另有些修习道者,诸漏尽而般涅槃」,这是三轮转的出离。「一切有情将死……乃至……作恶业者趣地狱」,这是过患;「作福业者趣善趣」,这是味;「另有些修习道者,诸漏尽而般涅槃」,这是出离。「一切有情将死……乃至……作恶业者趣地狱」,这是因与果,五蕴是果,渴爱是因;「另有些修习道者,诸漏尽而般涅槃」,这是道与果。「一切有情将死,生命以死为终。他们将随业而去,趣向福与罪的果报,作恶业者趣地狱」,这是杂染,此杂染有三种——渴爱杂染、见杂染、恶行杂染。
‘‘Sabbe sattā marissanti, maraṇantaṃ hi jīvitaṃ. Yathākammaṃ gamissanti, puññapāpaphalūpagā. Nirayaṃ pāpakammantā’’ti āgāḷhā ca nijjhāmā ca paṭipadā. ‘‘Apare ca maggaṃ bhāvetvā, parinibbantināsavā’’ti majjhimā paṭipadā. ‘‘Sabbe sattā marissanti, maraṇantaṃ hi jīvitaṃ, yathākammaṃ gamissanti, puññapāpaphalūpagā, nirayaṃ pāpakammantā’’ti ayaṃ saṃkileso. Evaṃ saṃsāraṃ nibbattayati. ‘‘Sabbe sattā marissanti…pe… nirayaṃ pāpakammantā’’ti ime tayo vaṭṭā dukkhavaṭṭo kammavaṭṭo kilesavaṭṭo. ‘‘Apare ca maggaṃ bhāvetvā, parinibbantināsavā’’ti tiṇṇaṃ vaṭṭānaṃ vivaṭṭanā. ‘‘Sabbe sattā marissanti…pe… nirayaṃ pāpakammantā’’ti ādīnavo, ‘‘puññakammā ca suggati’’nti assādo, ‘‘apare ca maggaṃ bhāvetvā, parinibbantināsavā’’ti nissaraṇaṃ. ‘‘Sabbe sattā marissanti…pe… nirayaṃ pāpakammantā’’ti hetu ca phalañca, pañcakkhandhā phalaṃ, taṇhā hetu, ‘‘apare ca maggaṃ bhāvetvā, parinibbantināsavā’’ti maggo ca phalañca. ‘‘Sabbe sattā marissanti, maraṇantaṃ hi jīvitaṃ. Yathākammaṃ gamissanti, puññapāpaphalūpagā, nirayaṃ pāpakammantā’’ti ayaṃ saṃkileso, so saṃkileso tividho taṇhāsaṃkileso diṭṭhisaṃkileso duccaritasaṃkilesoti.
661有三类聚——决定入邪道者聚、决定入正道者聚、不决定者聚。其中,决定入邪道者聚和决定入正道者聚,这二者是‘各赴其处’的同一种行道。其中,不决定者聚,这就是‘遍赴一切处’的行道。为什么呢?如果得到条件,他可能投生于地狱;如果得到条件,他可能投生于畜生界;如果得到条件,他可能投生于饿鬼境;如果得到条件,他可能投生于阿修罗众中;如果得到条件,他可能投生于天界;如果得到条件,他可能投生于人间;如果得到条件,他也可能般涅槃。因此,这就是‘遍赴一切处’的行道。在这里,关于因、关于处、无有局限而有的智慧,这便被称为‘遍赴一切处行道智’,是如来的第二种力。
Tayo rāsī – micchattaniyato rāsi, sammattaniyato rāsi, aniyato rāsi, tattha yo ca micchattaniyato rāsi yo ca sammattaniyato rāsi ekā paṭipadā tattha tattha gāminī, tattha yo aniyato rāsi, ayaṃ sabbatthagāminī paṭipadā. Kena kāraṇena? Paccayaṃ labhanto niraye upapajjeyya, paccayaṃ labhanto tiracchānayonīsu upapajjeyya, paccayaṃ labhanto pettivisayesu upapajjeyya, paccayaṃ labhanto asuresu upapajjeyya, paccayaṃ labhanto devesu upapajjeyya, paccayaṃ labhanto manussesu upapajjeyya, paccayaṃ labhanto parinibbāyeyya, tasmāyaṃ sabbatthagāminī paṭipadā, yaṃ ettha ñāṇaṃ hetuso ṭhānaso anodhiso, idaṃ vuccati sabbatthagāminī paṭipadā ñāṇaṃ dutiyaṃ tathāgatabalaṃ.
662这样,‘遍赴一切处’的行道,就是‘多界世间’。‘各赴其处’的行道,就是‘种种界世间’。其中,什么是‘多界世间’呢?眼界、色界、眼识界;耳界、声界、耳识界;鼻界、香界、鼻识界;舌界、味界、舌识界;身界、触界、身识界;意界、法界、意识界;地界、水界、火界、风界、空界、识界;欲界、瞋恚界、害界;出离界、无瞋恚界、无害界;苦界、忧界、无明界;乐界、喜界、舍界;色界、无色界、灭界、行界、涅槃界。这就是‘多界世间’。
Iti sabbatthagāminī paṭipadā anekadhātuloko, tattha tattha gāminī paṭipadā nānādhātuloko. Tattha katamo anekadhātuloko? Cakkhudhātu rūpadhātu cakkhuviññāṇadhātu, sotadhātu saddadhātu sotaviññāṇadhātu, ghānadhātu gandhadhātu ghānaviññāṇadhātu, jivhādhātu rasadhātu jivhāviññāṇadhātu, kāyadhātu phoṭṭhabbadhātu kāyaviññāṇadhātu, manodhātu dhammadhātu manoviññāṇadhātu, pathavīdhātu, āpodhātu, tejodhātu, vāyodhātu, ākāsadhātu, viññāṇadhātu, kāmadhātu, byāpādadhātu, vihiṃsādhātu, nekkhammadhātu, abyāpādadhātu, avihiṃsādhātu, dukkhadhātu, domanassadhātu , avijjādhātu, sukhadhātu, somanassadhātu, upekkhādhātu, rūpadhātu, arūpadhātu, nirodhadhātu, saṅkhāradhātu, nibbānadhātu, ayaṃ anekadhātuloko.
663其中,什么是‘种种界世间’呢?眼界是一种,色界是另一种,眼识界又是另一种。一切诸界都是这样各不相同。涅槃界又是另一种。在这里,关于因、关于处、无有局限而有的智慧,这便被称为‘多界、种种界智’,是如来的第三种力。
Tattha katamo nānādhātuloko? Aññā cakkhudhātu, aññā rūpadhātu, aññā cakkhuviññāṇadhātu. Evaṃ sabbā. Aññā nibbānadhātu. Yaṃ ettha ñāṇaṃ hetuso ṭhānaso anodhiso, idaṃ vuccati anekadhātu nānādhātu ñāṇaṃ tatiyaṃ tathāgatabalaṃ.
60就这样,在这个有着种种界、各各不同界的世界里,众生对哪个界产生胜解,就会执取、固著、耽溺在那个界上:有些人对色产生胜解,有些人对声、对香、对味、对触、对法产生胜解;有些人对女人产生胜解,有些人对男人产生胜解;有些人对布施产生胜解,有些人对低劣产生胜解,有些人对殊胜产生胜解;有些人对天产生胜解,有些人对人产生胜解,有些人对涅槃产生胜解。对于这些,以因、以处、无余而了知‘这是可引导者,这是不可引导者,这是生天者,这是堕恶趣者’——这便称为‘了知众生种种胜解之智’,是如来的第四种力。
Iti anekadhātu nānādhātukassa lokassa yaṃ yadeva dhātuṃ sattā adhimuccanti, taṃ tadeva adhiṭṭhahanti abhinivisanti, keci rūpādhimuttā, keci saddādhimuttā, keci gandhādhimuttā, keci rasādhimuttā, keci phoṭṭhabbādhimuttā, keci dhammādhimuttā, keci itthādhimuttā, keci purisādhimuttā, keci cāgādhimuttā, keci hīnādhimuttā , keci paṇītādhimuttā, keci devādhimuttā, keci manussādhimuttā, keci nibbānādhimuttā. Yaṃ ettha ñāṇaṃ hetuso ṭhānaso anodhiso, ayaṃ veneyyo, ayaṃ na veneyyo, ayaṃ saggagāmī, ayaṃ duggatigāmīti, idaṃ vuccati sattānaṃ nānādhimuttikatā ñāṇaṃ catutthaṃ tathāgatabalaṃ.
665就这样,他们随着各自的胜解,而领受种种相应的业。他们领受六种业:有些人以贪为动力而造,有些人以嗔为动力,有些人以痴为动力,有些人以信为动力,有些人以精进为动力,有些人以慧为动力。加以分析,这业有两种:趋向轮回的业和趋向涅槃的业。
Iti te yathādhimuttā ca bhavanti, taṃ taṃ kammasamādānaṃ samādiyanti. Te chabbidhaṃ kammaṃ samādiyanti – keci lobhavasena, keci dosavasena, keci mohavasena, keci saddhāvasena, keci vīriyavasena, keci paññāvasena. Taṃ vibhajjamānaṃ duvidhaṃ – saṃsāragāmi ca nibbānagāmi ca.
666其中,以贪、以嗔、以痴为动力所造的业,这是黑业,有黑报。其中,以信为动力所造的业,这是白业,有白报。其中,以贪、嗔、痴与信混合为动力所造的业,这是黑白业,有黑白报。其中,以精进和慧为动力所造的业,这是非黑非白业,有非黑非白报,是最上、最胜的业,导向业的灭尽。
Tattha yaṃ lobhavasena dosavasena mohavasena ca kammaṃ karoti, idaṃ kammaṃ kaṇhaṃ kaṇhavipākaṃ. Tattha yaṃ saddhāvasena kammaṃ karoti, idaṃ kammaṃ sukkaṃ sukkavipākaṃ. Tattha yaṃ lobhavasena dosavasena mohavasena saddhāvasena ca kammaṃ karoti, idaṃ kammaṃ kaṇhasukkaṃ kaṇhasukkavipākaṃ. Tattha yaṃ vīriyavasena paññāvasena ca kammaṃ karoti, idaṃ kammaṃ akaṇhaṃ asukkaṃ akaṇhaasukkavipākaṃ kammuttamaṃ kammaseṭṭhaṃ kammakkhayāya saṃvattati.
667有四种业的领受:有一种业的领受,现在快乐而未来是苦的果报;有一种业的领受,现在苦而未来是快乐的果报;有一种业的领受,现在和未来都是苦的果报;有一种业的领受,现在和未来都是快乐的果报。对于这样生起的业,如果那个人所积聚的不善业尚未成熟、不能转向,那么世尊就不会教导他,比如提婆达多、拘迦利迦、善星离车王子,以及其他那些注定邪性的众生。对于这些人,他们所积集的不善业还没达到圆满,在它趋向圆满之前——在果报成熟之前、在阻断道路之前、在越过可引导性之前——世尊就在未圆满完成时教导他们,譬如富楼那·牛戒者和裸形·狗戒者。
Cattāri kammasamādānāni. Atthi kammasamādānaṃ paccuppannasukhaṃ āyatiṃ dukkhavipākaṃ, atthi kammasamādānaṃ paccuppannadukkhaṃ āyatiṃ sukhavipākaṃ, atthi kammasamādānaṃ paccuppannadukkhañceva āyatiṃ ca dukkhavipākaṃ, atthi kammasamādānaṃ paccuppannasukhañceva āyatiṃ ca sukhavipākaṃ. Yaṃ evaṃ jātiyaṃ kammasamādānaṃ, iminā puggalena akusalakammasamādānaṃ upacitaṃ avipakkaṃ vipākāya paccupaṭṭhitaṃ na ca bhabbo abhinibbidhā gantunti taṃ bhagavā na ovadati. Yathā devadattaṃ kokālikaṃ sunakkhattaṃ licchaviputtaṃ, ye vā panaññepi sattā micchattaniyatā imesañca puggalānaṃ upacitaṃ akusalaṃ na ca tāva pāripūriṃ gataṃ, purā pāripūriṃ gacchati. Purā phalaṃ nibbattayati, purā maggamāvārayati, purā veneyyattaṃ samatikkamatīti te bhagavā asamatte ovadati. Yathā puṇṇañca govatikaṃ acelañca kukkuravatikaṃ.
61而对于这个人,不善业正在趋向圆满,将会阻断道路,在圆满之前、在果报出现之前、在阻断道路之前、在越过可引导性之前,世尊就在未圆满完成时教导他,譬如尊者指鬘。
Imassa ca puggalassa akusalakammasamādānaṃ paripūramānaṃ maggaṃ āvārayissati purā pāripūriṃ gacchati, purā phalaṃ nibbattayati, purā maggamāvārayati, purā veneyyattaṃ samatikkamatīti taṃ bhagavā asamattaṃ ovadati. Yathā āyasmantaṃ aṅgulimālaṃ.
669所有众生都有柔、中、上的差别。其中,柔和的是不动行,中等的是其余的善行,增上的是不善行。对此,以因、以处、无余而了知:‘这是现法受业,这是生受业,这是后受业;这是地狱受业,这是畜生受业,这是饿鬼受业,这是阿修罗受业,这是天受业,这是人受业。’——这就称为‘对过去、未来、现在诸业之领受,以因、以处、无余而了知果报差别之智’,是如来的第五种力。
Sabbesaṃ mudumajjhādhimattatā. Tattha mudu āneñjābhisaṅkhārā majjhaṃ avasesakusalasaṅkhārā, adhimattaṃ akusalasaṅkhārā, yaṃ ettha ñāṇaṃ hetuso ṭhānaso anodhiso, idaṃ diṭṭhadhammavedanīyaṃ, idaṃ upapajjavedanīyaṃ, idaṃ aparāpariyavedanīyaṃ, idaṃ nirayavedanīyaṃ, idaṃ tiracchānavedanīyaṃ, idaṃ pettivisayavedanīyaṃ, idaṃ asuravedanīyaṃ, idaṃ devavedanīyaṃ, idaṃ manussavedanīyanti, idaṃ vuccati atītānāgatapaccuppannānaṃ kammasamādānānaṃ hetuso ṭhānaso anodhiso vipākavemattatā ñāṇaṃ pañcamaṃ tathāgatabalaṃ.
62像这样,对于已受持的业、已修习的禅那、解脱、定、等至来说,这是杂染,这是清净,这是出起;如此地将会染污,如此地将会清净,如此地将会出起——这种了知是无障碍的。
Iti tathā samādinnānaṃ kammānaṃ samādinnānaṃ jhānānaṃ vimokkhānaṃ samādhīnaṃ samāpattīnaṃ ayaṃ saṃkileso, idaṃ vodānaṃ, idaṃ vuṭṭhānaṃ, evaṃ saṃkilissati, evaṃ vodāyati, evaṃ vuṭṭhahatīti ñāṇaṃ anāvaraṇaṃ.
671其中,有多少种禅那?有四种禅那。有多少种解脱?有十一种、八种、七种、三种和两种。有多少种定?有三种定:有寻有伺定、无寻唯伺定、无寻无伺定。有多少种等至?有五种等至:想等至、无想等至、非想非非想等至、想灭等至、灭尽等至。
Tattha kati jhānāni? Cattāri jhānāni. Kati vimokkhā? Ekādasa ca aṭṭha ca satta ca tayo ca dve ca. Kati samādhī? Tayo samādhī – savitakko savicāro samādhi, avitakko vicāramatto samādhi, avitakko avicāro samādhi. Kati samāpattiyo? Pañca samāpattiyo – saññāsamāpatti asaññāsamāpatti nevasaññānāsaññāsamāpatti vibhūtasaññāsamāpatti nirodhasamāpatti.
672其中,什么是杂染?对初禅来说,欲贪和嗔恚是杂染。那些像公鸡禅修者中的前两种,或任何属于退分性质的定,这是杂染。其中,什么是清净?盖障的完全净化,是初禅的清净;那些像公鸡禅修者中的后两种,或任何属于胜分性质的定,这是清净。其中,什么是出起?那就是对于等至的出起善巧,这是出起。其中,对此以因、以处、以无差别的方式生起的了知,这被称为对于一切禅那、解脱、定、等至的杂染、清净、出起的了知,是如来的第六种力。
Tattha katamo saṃkileso? Paṭhamajjhānassa kāmarāgabyāpādā saṃkileso. Ye ca kukkuṭajhāyī dve paṭhamakā yo vā pana koci hānabhāgiyo samādhi, ayaṃ saṃkileso. Tattha katamaṃ vodānaṃ, nīvaraṇapārisuddhi, paṭhamassa jhānassa ye ca kukkuṭajhāyī dve pacchimakā yo vā pana koci visesabhāgiyo samādhi, idaṃ vodānaṃ. Tattha katamaṃ vuṭṭhānaṃ? Yaṃ samāpattivuṭṭhānakosallaṃ, idaṃ vuṭṭhānaṃ. Yaṃ ettha ñāṇaṃ hetuso ṭhānaso anodhiso, idaṃ vuccati sabbesaṃ jhānavimokkhasamādhisamāpattīnaṃ saṃkilesavodānavuṭṭhānañāṇaṃ chaṭṭhaṃ tathāgatabalaṃ.
63如此,就是对于这个定,有三个伴随的法:根、力、精进。这些根,通过精进的力量而成为力;以支配的意义来说是根,以不可动摇的意义来说是力。由于它们的软、中、利程度不同,就有了这个为软根,这个为中根,这个为利根。其中,世尊以简略的教诫来教导利根者;世尊以既简略又详细的教诫来教导中根者;世尊以详细的教诫来教导软根者。其中,世尊对利根者指示柔软的法教;世尊对中根者指示既柔软又锐利的法教;世尊对软根者指示锐利的法教。其中,世尊对利根者指示止;世尊对中根者指示止与观;世尊对软根者指示观。其中,世尊对利根者指示出离;世尊对中根者指示过患与出离;世尊对软根者指示味、过患与出离。其中,世尊以增上慧学教导利根者;世尊以增上心学教导中根者;世尊以增上戒学教导软根者。
Iti tasseva samādhissa tayo dhammā parivārā indriyāni balāni vīriyamiti, tāniyeva indriyāni vīriyavasena balāni bhavanti, ādhipateyyaṭṭhena indriyāni, akampiyaṭṭhena balāni, iti tesaṃ mudumajjhādhimattatā ayaṃ mudindriyo ayaṃ majjhindriyo ayaṃ tikkhindriyoti. Tattha bhagavā tikkhindriyaṃ saṃkhittena ovādena ovadati, majjhindriyaṃ bhagavā saṃkhittavitthārena ovadati, mudindriyaṃ bhagavā vitthārena ovadati. Tattha bhagavā tikkhindriyassa mudukaṃ dhammadesanaṃ upadisati, majjhindriyassa bhagavā mudutikkhadhammadesanaṃ upadisati, mudindriyassa bhagavā tikkhaṃ dhammadesanaṃ upadisati. Tattha bhagavā tikkhindriyassa samathaṃ upadisati, majjhindriyassa bhagavā samathavipassanaṃ upadisati, mudindriyassa bhagavā vipassanaṃ upadisati. Tattha bhagavā tikkhindriyassa nissaraṇaṃ upadisati, majjhindriyassa bhagavā ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca upadisati, mudindriyassa bhagavā assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca upadisati. Tattha bhagavā tikkhindriyassa adhipaññāsikkhāya paññāpayati, majjhindriyassa bhagavā adhicittasikkhāya paññāpayati, mudindriyassa bhagavā adhisīlasikkhāya paññāpayati.
674其中,对此以因、以处、以无差别的方式生起的了知——‘此人已达到这个阶段和这个修习程度;在这个时机,用这种教导;他的界性如此;他的志向是这样;他的潜在倾向是这样’——这被称为对其他众生、其他人的根性高低差别的了知,是如来的第七种力。
Yaṃ ettha ñāṇaṃ hetuso ṭhānaso anodhiso ayaṃ imaṃ bhūmiṃ bhāvanañca gato, imāya velāya imāya anusāsaniyā evaṃ dhātuko cāyaṃ ayaṃ cassa āsayo ayañca anusayo iti, idaṃ vuccati parasattānaṃ parapuggalānaṃ indriyaparopariyattavemattatā ñāṇaṃ sattamaṃ tathāgatabalaṃ.
675在此之中,他随念起种种过去世的生活。就像这样:一世、两世、三世、四世、五世、十世、二十世、三十世、四十世、五十世、一百世、一千世、十万世、许多一百世、许多一千世、许多十万世、许多坏劫、许多成劫、许多坏成劫。‘在那里,我有这样的名字,这样的族姓,这样的容貌,这样的食物,这样地经历苦乐,这样的寿命长度。我从那里死后,又出生在别处。在那里,我又有这样的名字,这样的族姓,这样的容貌,这样的食物,这样地经历苦乐,这样的寿命长度。我从那里死后,又往生到这里。’像这样,他随念起具有细节、具有要点的种种过去世的生活。
Iti tattha yaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati. Seyyathidaṃ, ekampi jātiṃ dvepi jātiyo tissopi jātiyo catassopi jātiyo pañcapi jātiyo dasapi jātiyo vīsampi jātiyo tiṃsampi jātiyo cattārīsampi jātiyo paññāsampi jātiyo jātisatampi jātisahassampi jātisatasahassampi anekānipi jātisatāni anekānipi jātisahassāni anekānipi jātisatasahassāni anekepi saṃvaṭṭakappe anekepi vivaṭṭakappe anekepi saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe. Amutrāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto amutra udapādiṃ. Tatrāpāsiṃ evaṃnāmo evaṃgotto evaṃvaṇṇo evamāhāro evaṃsukhadukkhappaṭisaṃvedī evamāyupariyanto, so tato cuto idhūpapannoti, iti sākāraṃ sauddesaṃ anekavihitaṃ pubbenivāsaṃ anussarati.
64在那里,对于投生到天界的众生、投生到人间的众生,以及投生到恶趣的众生,这个人的贪等烦恼很重,无贪等善法则很弱;那个人的无贪等善法很强,贪等烦恼则很弱;又或者,某个人的这些根器已经成熟,某个人的这些根器尚未成熟——或是在某百千万亿劫中、某十万劫中、某千劫中、某百劫中、某一劫中、某个中劫中、某个半劫中、某一年中、某个半年中、某个月中、某个半月里、某一天里、某个片刻里,因为这样的放逸或这样的净信。对于每一个这样的生命状况,世尊在随念的时候都能毫无剩余地了知。在其中,他以那远超常人的清净天眼,看见众生死亡和转生,低劣的、优秀的,美貌的、丑陋的,投生善趣的、堕入恶趣的,他了知众生是如何依自己的业力而投生的:'这些尊者们,确实具足了身体上的恶行,具足了语言上的恶行,具足了意念上的恶行,是圣者们的诽谤者,持有邪见,累积了邪见所驱动的业;他们在身体破碎、死后,就投生到了恶趣、苦处、堕落之处、地狱。'
Tattha saggūpagesu ca sattesu manussūpagesu ca sattesu apāyūpagesu ca sattesu imassa puggalassa lobhādayo ussannā alobhādayo mandā, imassa puggalassa alobhādayo ussannā lobhādayo mandā, ye vā pana ussannā ye vā pana mandā imassa puggalassa imāni indriyāni upacitāni imassa puggalassa imāni indriyāni anupacitāni amukāya vā kappakoṭiyaṃ kappasatasahasse vā kappasahasse vā kappasate vā kappe vā antarakappe vā upaḍḍhakappe vā saṃvacchare vā upaḍḍhasaṃvacchare vā māse vā pakkhe vā divase vā muhutte vā iminā pamādena vā pasādena vāti. Taṃ taṃ bhavaṃ bhagavā anussaranto asesaṃ jānāti, tattha yaṃ dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte passati cavamāne upapajjamāne hīne paṇīte suvaṇṇe dubbaṇṇe sugate duggate yathākammūpage satte pajānāti ime vata bhonto sattā kāyaduccaritena samannāgatā vacīduccaritena samannāgatā manoduccaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ upavādakā micchādiṭṭhikā micchādiṭṭhikammasamādānā, te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapannā.
677又或者,这些尊者们,具足了身体上的善行,具足了语言上的善行,具足了意念上的善行,不诽谤圣者,持有正见,累积了正见所驱动的业;他们在身体破碎、死后,就投生到了善趣、天界。在那里,对于投生天界的众生、投生人间的众生,以及投生恶趣的众生,这个众生在某某百千万亿劫中、或十万劫中、或千劫中、或百劫中、或一劫中、或中劫中、或半劫中、或一年中、或半年中、或一月中、或半个月中、或一天中、或片刻中,因为这样放逸或这样净信,而累积了如此这般的业。世尊的这两种智慧——也就是宿命随念智和天眼智,是如来的第八和第九种力量。
Ime vā pana bhonto sattā kāyasucaritena samannāgatā vacīsucaritena samannāgatā manosucaritena samannāgatā ariyānaṃ anupavādakā sammādiṭṭhikā sammādiṭṭhikammasamādānā, te kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapannā, tattha saggūpagesu ca sattesu manussūpagesu ca sattesu apāyūpagesu ca sattesu iminā puggalena evarūpaṃ kammaṃ amukāya kappakoṭiyaṃ upacitaṃ kappasatasahasse vā kappasahasse vā kappasate vā kappe vā antarakappe vā upaḍḍhakappe vā saṃvacchare vā upaḍḍhasaṃvacchare vā māse vā pakkhe vā divase vā muhutte vā iminā pamādena vā pasādena vāti. Imāni bhagavato dve ñāṇāni – pubbenivāsānussatiñāṇañca dibbacakkhu ca aṭṭhamaṃ navamaṃ tathāgatabalaṃ.
678如此,在那里,在菩提树下已经降伏了魔王摩罗,摧破了所有的烦恼,无尘离垢,了知一切诸法,生起了一切知智,这便是世尊的第十种力量:灭尽一切烦恼的智慧。因为佛陀、世尊们确实是具足十种力量的。
Iti tattha yaṃ sabbaññutā pattā viditā sabbadhammā virajaṃ vītamalaṃ uppannaṃ sabbaññutañāṇaṃ nihato māro bodhimūle, idaṃ bhagavato dasamaṃ balaṃ sabbāsavaparikkhayaṃ ñāṇaṃ. Dasabalasamannāgatā hi buddhā bhagavantoti.
679相应抉择线集
Niyutto vicayo hārasampāto.
6803. 理串珠
3. Yuttihārasampāto
681在这里,什么是'义理契合'的成就呢?
Tattha katamo yuttihārasampāto?
682'因此,对于一个守护好心念、以正思惟为行境的人,'
‘‘Tasmā rakkhitacittassa, sammāsaṅkappagocaro;
683'以正见为前导,了知世间种种法的生灭;'
Sammādiṭṭhipurekkhāro, ñatvāna udayabbayaṃ;
684“征服昏沉睡眠的比丘,能舍弃一切恶趣。”
Thinamiddhābhibhū bhikkhu, sabbā duggatiyo jahe’’ti.
685“因此,一个守护心识、以正思惟为行处的人……”这首偈颂。“因此,一个守护心识、以正思惟为行处的人……”。“以正见为先导”——当正见被把握时,五根也就被把握了。这就是通过诸根的切入。
‘‘Tasmā rakkhitacittassa, sammāsaṅkappagocaro’’ti gāthā. ‘‘Tasmā rakkhitacittassa, sammāsaṅkappagocaro’’ . ‘‘Sammādiṭṭhipurekkhāro’’ti sammādiṭṭhiyā gahitāya gahitāni bhavanti pañcindriyāni, ayaṃ indriyehi otaraṇā.
686所定理串珠
Niyutto yuttihārasampāto.
6874. 足处串珠
4. Padaṭṭhānahārasampāto
66在那里,什么是立足处的摄门之汇集?
Tattha katamo padaṭṭhāno hārasampāto?
689“因此,对于防护心的人,正思惟是他的行境”——防护心的人将有正思惟为行境,这是合理的;有正思惟为行境的人将有正见,这是合理的;安住于以正见为先导,他将穿透生灭,这是合理的;穿透生灭的人将舍弃一切恶趣,这是合理的。舍弃一切恶趣的人,将超越一切恶趣、堕落、怖畏,这是合理的。
‘‘Tasmā rakkhitacittassa, sammāsaṅkappagocaro’’ti rakkhitacittassa sammāsaṅkappagocaro bhavissatīti yujjati, sammāsaṅkappagocaro sammādiṭṭhi bhavissatīti yujjati, sammādiṭṭhipurekkhāro viharanto udayabbayaṃ paṭivijjhissatīti yujjati, udayabbayaṃ paṭivijjhanto sabbā duggatiyo jahissatīti yujjati. Sabbā duggatiyo jahanto sabbāni duggativinipātabhayāni samatikkamissatīti yujjatīti.
690所定足处串珠
Niyutto padaṭṭhāno hārasampāto.
6915. 相串珠
5. Lakkhaṇahārasampāto
67在那里,什么是特征的摄门之汇集?
Tattha katamo lakkhaṇo hārasampāto?
693“因此,对于防护心的人,正思惟是他的行境”这一偈。“对于防护心的人”是三种善行的立足处。“正思惟是他的行境”是止的立足处。“以正见为先导”是观的立足处。“了知生灭”是见地的立足处。“征服昏沉睡眠的比丘”是精进的立足处。“能舍弃一切恶趣”是修习的立足处。
‘‘Tasmā rakkhitacittassa, sammāsaṅkappagocaro’’ti gāthā. ‘‘Tasmā rakkhitacittassā’’ti tiṇṇaṃ sucaritānaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ. ‘‘Sammāsaṅkappagocaro’’ti samathassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. ‘‘Sammādiṭṭhipurekkhāro’’ti vipassanāya padaṭṭhānaṃ. ‘‘Ñatvāna udayabbaya’’nti dassanabhūmiyā padaṭṭhānaṃ. ‘‘Thinamiddhābhibhū bhikkhū’’ti vīriyassa padaṭṭhānaṃ. ‘‘Sabbā duggatiyo jahe’’ti bhāvanāya padaṭṭhānaṃ.
694所定相串珠
Niyutto lakkhaṇo hārasampāto.
6956. 四部署串珠
6. Catubyūhahārasampāto
68其中,什么是四阵列的摄类?
Tattha katamo catubyūho hārasampāto.
697“因此,对于防护心的人,正思惟是他的行境”这一偈。“因此,对于防护心的人,正思惟是他的行境”——这是念根;当念根被把握时,五根也就被把握了。“以正见为先导”——当正见被把握时,圣八支道也就被把握了。是什么原因呢?从正见生起正思惟,从正思惟生起正语,从正语生起正业,从正业生起正命,从正命生起正精进,从正精进生起正念,从正念生起正定,从正定生起正解脱,从正解脱生起正解脱智见。”
‘‘Tasmā rakkhitacittassa, sammāsaṅkappagocaro’’ti gāthā. ‘‘Tasmā rakkhitacittassa, sammāsaṅkappagocaro’’ti idaṃ satindriyaṃ, satindriye gahite gahitāni bhavanti pañcindriyāni. ‘‘Sammādiṭṭhipurekkhāro’’ti sammādiṭṭhiyā gahitāya gahito bhavati ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo. Taṃ kissa hetu? Sammādiṭṭhito hi sammāsaṅkappo pabhavati, sammāsaṅkappato sammāvācā pabhavati, sammāvācāto sammākammanto pabhavati, sammākammantato sammāājīvo pabhavati, sammāājīvato sammāvāyāmo pabhavati, sammāvāyāmato sammāsati pabhavati, sammāsatito sammāsamādhi pabhavati, sammāsamādhito sammāvimutti pabhavati, sammāvimuttito sammāvimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ pabhavati.
698所定四部署串珠
Niyutto catubyūho hārasampāto.
6997. 转串珠
7. Āvaṭṭahārasampāto
69其中,什么是回转的摄类?
Tattha katamo āvaṭṭo hārasampāto?
701‘因此,那守护心的人,以正思为行处’——这一偈诵中,凡是发端是清净的,这个问询就算是被解答了。凡是发端不算是清净的,这个问询就仍未算是被解答。
‘‘Tasmā rakkhitacittassa, sammāsaṅkappagocaro’’ti gāthā. Yattha ārambho suddho, so pañho visajjito bhavati. Yattha pana ārambho na suddho, na tāva so pañho visajjito bhavati.
702所定转串珠
Niyutto āvaṭṭo hārasampāto.
7038. 格串珠
8. Vibhattihārasampāto
70其中,什么是分析的摄类?
Tattha katamo vibhattihārasampāto?
705‘因此,那守护心的人,以正思为行处’——这一偈诵。‘因此,那守护心的人’这是‘一地’。心有种种名称:心、意、识,这是‘差别’。‘以正思为行处’这是‘一地’。正思就是:出离思、无瞋思、无恼思,这是‘差别’。‘以正见为前导’这是‘一地’。所谓正见,就是对于苦的智、对于苦之集的智、对于苦之灭的智、对于通往苦灭之道的智、对于道的智、对于因的智、对于因所生起的诸法的智、对于缘的智、对于缘所生起的诸法的智,凡是在此处彼处如实地智与见、通达、证得、进入真理,这是‘差别’。‘了知生灭之后’这是‘一地’。以‘生’来说:缘于无明而有诸行,缘于诸行而有识,像这样,一切是集起。以‘灭’来说:由于无明灭,诸行灭,像这样,一切是灭尽,这是‘差别’。‘比丘战胜了昏沉睡眠’这是‘一地’。所谓的‘昏沉’,就是心的不适业、不适合作业的状态;所谓的‘睡眠’,就是身体的倦怠状态,这是‘差别’。‘他征服了一切恶劣的去处’这是‘一地’。相对于人与天界,恶趣、恶道是‘恶劣的去处’;或者相对于涅槃,一切的再生形式都是‘恶劣的去处’,这是‘差别’。
Tasmā rakkhitacittassa, sammāsaṅkappagocaroti gāthā. Tasmā rakkhitacittassāti ekattatā. Cittaṃ mano viññāṇaṃ, ayaṃ vemattatā. Sammāsaṅkappagocaroti ekattatā. Nekkhammasaṅkappo abyāpādasaṅkappo avihiṃsāsaṅkappo ayaṃ vemattatā. Sammādiṭṭhipurekkhāroti ekattatā. Sammādiṭṭhi nāma yaṃ dukkhe ñāṇaṃ dukkhasamudaye ñāṇaṃ dukkhanirodhe ñāṇaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṃ magge ñāṇaṃ hetumhi ñāṇaṃ hetusamuppannesu dhammesu ñāṇaṃ paccaye ñāṇaṃ paccayasamuppannesu dhammesu ñāṇaṃ, yaṃ tattha tattha yathābhūtaṃ ñāṇadassanaṃ abhisamayo sampaṭivedho saccāgamanaṃ, ayaṃ vemattatā. Ñatvāna udayabbayanti ekattatā, udayena avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā, saṅkhārapaccayā viññāṇaṃ, evaṃ sabbaṃ samudayo bhavati. Vayena avijjānirodhā saṅkhāranirodho, evaṃ sabbaṃ nirodho hoti, ayaṃ vemattatā. Thinamiddhābhibhū bhikkhūti ekattatā, thinaṃ nāma yā cittassa akallatā akammaniyatā, middhaṃ nāma yaṃ kāyassa līnattaṃ, ayaṃ vemattatā. Sabbā duggatiyo jaheti ekattatā, devamanusse vā upanidhāya apāyā duggati, nibbānaṃ vā upanidhāya sabbā upapattiyo duggati, ayaṃ vemattatā.
706所定格串珠
Niyutto vibhattihārasampāto.
7079. 转变串珠
9. Parivattanahārasampāto
71其中,什么是旋转摄句?
Tattha katamo parivattano hārasampāto?
709‘因此,那守护心的人,以正思为行处’——这一偈诵。这就是止与观的资具。
‘‘Tasmā rakkhitacittassa, sammāsaṅkappagocaro’’ti gāthā. Ayaṃ samathavipassanāya parikkhāro.
710所定转变串珠
Niyutto parivattano hārasampāto.
71110. 异说串珠
10. Vevacanahārasampāto
72其中,什么是同义语摄句?
Tattha katamo vevacano hārasampāto?
713“因此,对于守护心的人,正思惟是他的行境”这一偈颂。“因此,对于守护心的人”——“守护”被保护、被维持,这是它的语义。这里世尊的意趣是什么?那些想要从恶趣中解脱的人,他们将会成为法行者,这就是世尊在此处的意趣。因为科卡利卡对沙利子长老和目犍连长老心生嗔害之后,投生到了大红莲地狱。而世尊具备以念守护的心,经中说:“应以念守护心”。
‘‘Tasmā rakkhitacittassa, sammāsaṅkappagocaro’’ti gāthā. ‘‘Tasmā rakkhitacittassā’’ti rakkhitaṃ paripālīyatīti esā nirutti. Idha bhagavato ko adhippāyo? Ye duggatīhi parimuccitukāmā bhavissanti, te dhammacārino bhavissantīti ayaṃ ettha bhagavato adhippāyo. Kokāliko hi sāriputtamoggallānesu theresu cittaṃ padosayitvā mahāpadumaniraye upapanno. Bhagavā ca satiārakkhena cetasā samannāgato, suttamhi vuttaṃ ‘‘satiyā cittaṃ rakkhitabba’’nti.
714所定异说串珠
Niyutto vevacano hārasampāto.
71511. 施设串珠
11. Paññattihārasampāto
73其中,什么是施设摄句?
Tattha katamo paññattihārasampāto?
717“因此,对于守护心的人,正思惟是他的行境”这一偈颂。“因此,对于守护心的人,正思惟是他的行境”,这指的是止。“以正见为先导”,这指的是观。“了知生灭”,这是对苦的遍知。“比丘战胜昏沉睡眠”,这是对集的断除。“舍离一切恶趣”,这是灭。这就是四圣谛。
‘‘Tasmā rakkhitacittassa, sammāsaṅkappagocaro’’ti gāthā. ‘‘Tasmā rakkhitacittassa, sammāsaṅkappagocaro’’ti samatho . ‘‘Sammādiṭṭhipurekkhāro’’ti vipassanā. ‘‘Ñatvāna udayabbaya’’nti dukkhapariññā. ‘‘Thinamiddhābhibhū bhikkhū’’ti samudayapahānaṃ. ‘‘Sabbā duggatiyo jahe’’ti nirodho . Imāni cattāri saccāni.
718所定施设串珠
Niyutto paññattihārasampāto.
71912. 下降串珠
12. Otaraṇahārasampāto
74那么,什么是切入的项链方法呢?
Tattha katamo otaraṇo hārasampāto?
721“因此,对于守护心的人,正思惟是他的行境”这一偈颂。善的部分应该用善的部分来说明,不善的部分应该用不善的部分来说明。
‘‘Tasmā rakkhitacittassa, sammāsaṅkappagocaro’’ti gāthā. Kusalapakkho kusalapakkhena niddisitabbo. Akusalapakkho akusalapakkhena niddisitabbo.
722正是这些根就是明;因为明生起,所以无明灭去;因为无明灭去,所以行灭去;因为行灭去,所以识灭去……如此一切。这就是通过缘起的切入。
Tāniyeva indriyāni vijjā, vijjuppādā avijjānirodho, avijjānirodhā saṅkhāranirodho, saṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodho, evaṃ sabbaṃ, ayaṃ paṭiccasamuppādena otaraṇā.
723正是这五根,被包含在三蕴中——戒蕴、定蕴、慧蕴。这就是通过诸蕴的切入。
Tāniyeva pañcindriyāni tīhi khandhehi saṅgahitāni – sīlakkhandhena samādhikkhandhena paññākkhandhena. Ayaṃ khandhehi otaraṇā.
724正是这五根,被包含在诸行之中。那些无漏且不是生命基础因素的行,被包含在法界中。这就是通过诸界的切入。
Tāni yeva pañcindriyāni saṅkhārapariyāpannāni. Ye saṅkhārā anāsavā no ca bhavaṅgā, te saṅkhārā dhammadhātusaṅgahitā, ayaṃ dhātūhi otaraṇā.
725那个法界被法处所摄,那个处是无漏的,但不是有分。这是通过处来审察。
Sā dhammadhātu dhammāyatanapariyāpannā, yaṃ āyatanaṃ anāsavaṃ, no ca bhavaṅgaṃ, ayaṃ āyatanehi otaraṇā.
726所定下降串珠
Niyutto otaraṇo hārasampāto.
72713. 净化串珠
13. Sodhanahārasampāto
75其中,什么是‘清净释法’?
Tattha katamo sodhano hārasampāto?
729‘因此,对于守护心的人,正思惟是其行处’这首偈颂。当止与观修习圆满后,灭是果;苦已被遍知,集已被断除,道已以反向对治的方式修习。
‘‘Tasmā rakkhitacittassa, sammāsaṅkappagocaro’’ti gāthā. Samathavipassanāya bhāvitāya nirodho phalaṃ, pariññātaṃ dukkhaṃ, samudayo pahīno, maggo bhāvito paṭipakkhena.
730所定净化串珠
Niyutto sodhano hārasampāto.
73114. 确立串珠
14. Adhiṭṭhānahārasampāto
76其中,什么是‘立足处释法’?
Tattha katamo adhiṭṭhāno hārasampāto?
733‘因此,对于守护心的人,正思惟是其行处’这首偈颂。‘对于守护心的人’:心、意、识、意根、意处、了知、了知性,这些是同义语。‘正思惟是其行处’:出离思惟、无瞋思惟、无害思惟,这些是同义语。‘以正见为先导’:所谓正见,即是慧刀、慧剑、慧宝、慧灯、慧刺棒、慧宫殿,这些是同义语。
‘‘Tasmā rakkhitacittassa, sammāsaṅkappagocaro’’ti gāthā. ‘‘Tasmā rakkhitacittassā’’ti cittaṃ mano viññāṇaṃ manindriyaṃ manāyatanaṃ vijānanā vijānitattaṃ, idaṃ vevacanaṃ. ‘‘Sammāsaṅkappagocaro’’ti nekkhammasaṅkappo abyāpādasaṅkappo avihiṃsāsaṅkappo, idaṃ vevacanaṃ. ‘‘Sammādiṭṭhipurekkhāro’’ti sammādiṭṭhi nāma paññāsatthaṃ paññākhaggo paññāratanaṃ paññāpajjoto paññāpatodo paññāpāsādo, idaṃ vevacanaṃ.
734所定确立串珠
Niyutto adhiṭṭhāno hārasampāto.
73515. 资具串珠
15. Parikkhārahārasampāto
77其中,什么是‘资具释法’?
Tattha katamo parikkhāro hārasampāto?
737‘因此,对于守护心的人,正思惟是其行处’这首偈颂。‘对于守护心的人’:这是念的立足处施设。‘正思惟是其行处’:这是止的修习施设。‘以正见为先导,了知生灭’:这是见地的安立施设。‘比丘克服了昏沉睡眠’:这是集的彻底断除施设,‘他应舍弃一切恶趣’:这是道的修习施设。
‘‘Tasmā rakkhitacittassa, sammāsaṅkappagocaro’’ti gāthā. ‘‘Tasmā rakkhitacittassā’’ti padaṭṭhānapaññatti satiyā. ‘‘Sammāsaṅkappagocaro’’ti bhāvanāpaññatti samathassa. ‘‘Sammādiṭṭhipurekkhāro, ñatvāna udayabbaya’’nti dassanabhūmiyā nikkhepapaññatti. ‘‘Thinamiddhābhibhū bhikkhū’’ti samudayassa anavasesappahānapaññatti, ‘‘sabbā duggatiyo jahe’’ti bhāvanāpaññatti maggassa.
738所定资具串珠
Niyutto parikkhāro hārasampāto.
73916. 安立串珠
16. Samāropanahārasampāto
78那么,什么是安立与项链法之会合呢?
Tattha katamo samāropano hārasampāto?
741因此,守护自心的人,以正思惟为行境;
‘‘Tasmā rakkhitacittassa, sammāsaṅkappagocaro;
742以正见为前导,彻知生灭;
Sammādiṭṭhipurekkhāro, ñatvāna udayabbayaṃ;
743战胜昏沉与睡眠的比丘,就能舍弃一切恶趣。
Thinamiddhābhibhū bhikkhu, sabbā duggatiyo jahe’’ti.
744‘因此,守护自心’这一句,是三善行的立足处:当心被守护时,身业、语业、意业也就被守护了。‘以正见为前导’的意思是,通过修习正见,八支圣道便被修习了。什么原因呢?因为从正见生起正思惟;从正思惟生起正语;从正语生起正业;从正业生起正命;从正命生起正精进;从正精进生起正念;从正念生起正定;从正定生起正解脱;从正解脱生起正解脱知见。这就是无余依者与无余依的涅槃界。
Tasmā rakkhitacittassāti tiṇṇaṃ sucaritānaṃ padaṭṭhānaṃ, citte rakkhite taṃ rakkhitaṃ bhavati kāyakammaṃ vacīkammaṃ manokammaṃ. Sammādiṭṭhipurekkhāroti sammādiṭṭhiyā bhāvitāya bhāvito bhavati ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo. Kena kāraṇena? Sammādiṭṭhito hi sammāsaṅkappo pabhavati, sammāsaṅkappato sammāvācā pabhavati, sammāvācāto sammākammanto pabhavati, sammākammantato sammāājīvo pabhavati, sammāājīvato sammāvāyāmo pabhavati, sammāvāyāmato sammāsati pabhavati, sammāsatito sammāsamādhi pabhavati, sammāsamādhito sammāvimutti pabhavati, sammāvimuttito sammāvimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ pabhavati. Ayaṃ anupādiseso puggalo anupādisesā ca nibbānadhātu.
745所定安立串珠
Niyutto samāropano hārasampāto.
746因此,大迦旃延尊者说:
Tenāha āyasmā mahākaccāyano –
747首先,是用十六种摄法,从观察方向而遍观诸方之后,用钩子简略摄持,再以三种引导方法来解说经文。
‘‘Soḷasa hārā paṭhamaṃ, disalocanato disā viloketvā;
748以钩收摄后,以三种方法在经中教导。」
Saṅkhipiya aṅkusena hi, nayehi tīhi niddise sutta’’nti.
749所定串珠
Niyutto hārasampāto.
750道生起
Nayasamuṭṭhānaṃ
79在那里,什么是引导的发起呢?过去的开端无法知晓,有无明也有存在、渴爱。在那里,无明是障碍,渴爱是结缚。被无明障碍的众生,与无明结合,跟着无明的势力转,他们被称为见行者。被渴爱结缚的众生,与渴爱结合,跟着渴爱的势力转,他们被称为爱行者。见行者到佛教之外出家,致力于自我折磨的修行而生活;爱行者到佛教之外出家,致力于在欲乐上
Tattha katamaṃ nayasamuṭṭhānaṃ? Pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjāyaca bhavataṇhāya ca, tattha avijjānīvaraṇaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanaṃ. Avijjānīvaraṇā sattā avijjāsaṃyuttā avijjāpakkhena vicaranti, te vuccanti diṭṭhicaritāti. Taṇhāsaṃyojanā sattā taṇhāsaṃyuttā taṇhāpakkhena vicaranti, te vuccanti taṇhācaritāti. Diṭṭhicaritā ito bahiddhā pabbajitā attakilamathānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti. Taṇhācaritā ito bahiddhā pabbajitā kāmesu kāmasukhallikānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti.
752于此,什么原因使得见行者在此外出家,住于从事自我折磨的修行,爱行者在此外出家,住于从事诸欲中欲乐执着的修行?在此外没有真谛的确立,何来四谛的阐明、止观的善巧、或寂静乐的获得!他们不证知寂静乐,心颠倒,如此说:「不存在以乐得乐,应以苦来获得乐。」受用诸欲者增长世间,增长世间者产生许多福德。他们有如此想、如此见,希求以苦得乐,在诸欲中有福德想,住于从事自我折磨的修行及从事欲乐执着的修行,他们不证知彼,只是增长病,只是增长疮,只是增长箭,他们被病所逼、被疮所压、被箭所穿,在地狱、畜生、饿鬼、阿修罗中浮沉,遭受杀害与被杀害,找不到病、疮、箭的药。于此,自我折磨的修行与欲乐执着的修行是杂染,止观是清净。自我折磨的修行与欲乐执着的修行是病,止观是灭病的药。自我折磨的修行与欲乐执着的修行是疮,止观是灭疮的药。自我折磨的修行与欲乐执着的修行是箭,止观是拔箭的药。
Tattha kiṃkāraṇaṃ yaṃ diṭṭhicaritā ito bahiddhā pabbajitā attakilamathānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti, taṇhācaritā ito bahiddhā pabbajitā kāmesu kāmasukhallikānuyogamanuyuttā viharanti? Ito bahiddhā natthi saccavavatthānaṃ, kuto catusaccappakāsanā vā samathavipassanākosallaṃ vā upasamasukhappatti vā! Te upasamasukhassa anabhiññā viparītacetā evamāhaṃsu ‘‘natthi sukhena sukhaṃ, dukkhena nāma sukhaṃ adhigantabba’’nti. Yo kāme paṭisevati, so lokaṃ vaḍḍhayati, yo lokaṃ vaḍḍhayati, so bahuṃ puññaṃ pasavatīti te evaṃsaññī evaṃdiṭṭhī dukkhena sukhaṃ patthayamānā kāmesu puññasaññī attakilamathānuyogamanuyuttā ca viharanti kāmasukhallikānuyogamanuyuttā ca, te tadabhiññā santā rogameva vaḍḍhayanti, gaṇḍameva vaḍḍhayanti, sallameva vaḍḍhayanti, te rogābhitunnā gaṇḍapaṭipīḷitā sallānuviddhā nirayatiracchānayonipetāsuresu ummujjanimujjāni karontā ugghātanigghātaṃ paccanubhontā rogagaṇḍasallabhesajjaṃ na vindanti. Tattha attakilamathānuyogo kāmasukhallikānuyogo ca saṃkileso, samathavipassanā vodānaṃ. Attakilamathānuyogo kāmasukhallikānuyogo ca rogo, samathavipassanā roganigghātakabhesajjaṃ. Attakilamathānuyogo kāmasukhallikānuyogo ca gaṇḍo, samathavipassanā gaṇḍanigghātakabhesajjaṃ . Attakilamathānuyogo kāmasukhallikānuyogo ca sallo, samathavipassanā salluddharaṇabhesajjaṃ.
753在其中,杂染就是苦,对它的执取是渴爱——这就是集,渴爱的灭就是苦的灭,止观是导向苦灭的道路。这便是四圣谛。苦应当遍知,集应当断除,道应当修习,灭应当作证。
Tattha saṃkileso dukkhaṃ, tadabhisaṅgo taṇhā samudayo, taṇhānirodho dukkhanirodho, samathavipassanā dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā, imāni cattāri saccāni. Dukkhaṃ pariññeyyaṃ, samudayo pahātabbo, maggo bhāvetabbo, nirodho sacchikātabbo.
80于此,见行者执取色为我。执取受……想……诸行……识为我。爱行者执取有色之我。或我中有色,或色中有我,执取有受之……有想之……有行之……有识之我,或我中有识,或识中有我,这被称为二十事的有身见。
Tattha diṭṭhicaritā rūpaṃ attato upagacchanti. Vedanaṃ…pe… saññaṃ…pe… saṅkhāre…pe… viññāṇaṃ attato upagacchanti. Taṇhācaritā rūpavantaṃ attānaṃ upagacchanti. Attani vā rūpaṃ, rūpasmiṃ vā attānaṃ, vedanāvantaṃ…pe… saññāvantaṃ…pe… saṅkhāravantaṃ…pe… viññāṇavantaṃ attānaṃ upagacchanti, attani vā viññāṇaṃ, viññāṇasmiṃ vā attānaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati vīsativatthukā sakkāyadiṭṭhi.
755与它相对的是出世间的正见,随顺它的有正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定,这就是八正道。它们是三类蕴:戒蕴、定蕴、慧蕴。戒蕴与定蕴是止,慧蕴是观。在这里,有身即是苦,有身的集起是苦的集起,有身的息灭是苦的灭尽,八正道是导向苦灭的修行之路,这就是四圣谛。苦应当遍知,集应当断除,道应当修习,灭应当证悟。
Tassā paṭipakkho lokuttarā sammādiṭṭhi, anvāyikā sammāsaṅkappo sammāvācā sammākammanto sammāājīvo sammāvāyāmo sammāsati sammāsamādhi, ayaṃ ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo. Te tayo khandhā sīlakkhandho samādhikkhandho paññākkhandho. Sīlakkhandho samādhikkhandho ca samatho, paññākkhandho vipassanā. Tattha sakkāyo dukkhaṃ, sakkāyasamudayo dukkhasamudayo, sakkāyanirodho dukkhanirodho, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā, imāni cattāri saccāni. Dukkhaṃ pariññeyyaṃ, samudayo pahātabbo, maggo bhāvetabbo, nirodho sacchikātabbo.
756在这里,那些把色当作自我的人,把受……把想……把行……把识当作自我的人,这些人被称为“断见者”。那些认为自我拥有色,或者认为自我在色中,或者认为色在自我中的人,把受……把想……把行……把识当作自我拥有,或者认为自我在识中,识在自我中的人,这些人被称为“常见者”。在这里,断见和常见是两个极端,这就是轮回的流转。与它相对的是中道,即八正道,这就是轮回的止息。在这里,流转就是苦,对它的执著——渴爱——是集,渴爱的灭尽就是苦的灭尽,八正道是导向苦灭的修行之路,这就是四圣谛。苦应当遍知,集应当断除,道应当修习,灭应当证悟。
Tattha ye rūpaṃ attato upagacchanti. Vedanaṃ…pe… saññaṃ…pe… saṅkhāre…pe… viññāṇaṃ attato upagacchanti. Ime vuccanti ‘‘ucchedavādino’’ti. Ye rūpavantaṃ attānaṃ upagacchanti. Attani vā rūpaṃ, rūpasmiṃ vā attānaṃ. Ye vedanāvantaṃ…pe… ye saññāvantaṃ…pe… ye saṅkhāravantaṃ…pe… ye viññāṇavantaṃ attānaṃ upagacchanti, attani vā viññāṇaṃ, viññāṇasmiṃ vā attānaṃ. Ime vuccanti ‘‘sassatavādino’’ti, tattha ucchedasassatavādā ubho antā, ayaṃ saṃsārapavatti. Tassa paṭipakkho majjhimā paṭipadā ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, ayaṃ saṃsāranivatti. Tattha pavatti dukkhaṃ, tadabhisaṅgo taṇhā samudayo, taṇhānirodho dukkhanirodho, ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā, imāni cattāri saccāni. Dukkhaṃ pariññeyyaṃ, samudayo pahātabbo, maggo bhāvetabbo, nirodho sacchikātabbo.
757在这里,总括来说,断见和常见就是二十种事的有身见;详细来说,则是六十二种见解。与它们相对的是三十七菩提分法、八解脱、十遍处。这六十二种见解是无明之网,无始无终地流转着。三十七菩提分法是智金刚,能破无明之网。在这里,痴就是无明,网就是存有之爱,因此说:“无明与存有之爱的起始点不可知。”
Tattha ucchedasassataṃ samāsato vīsativatthukā sakkāyadiṭṭhi, vitthārato dvāsaṭṭhi diṭṭhigatāni, tesaṃ paṭipakkho tecattālīsaṃ bodhipakkhiyā dhammā aṭṭha vimokkhā dasa kasiṇāyatanāni. Dvāsaṭṭhi diṭṭhigatāni mohajālaṃ anādianidhanappavattaṃ. Tecattālīsaṃ bodhipakkhiyā dhammā ñāṇavajiraṃ mohajālappadālanaṃ. Tattha moho avijjā, jālaṃ bhavataṇhā, tena vuccati ‘‘pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjāya ca bhavataṇhāya cā’’ti.
81在这里,见行者在教法中出家以后,一贯过着严谨的生活,对严谨极为尊重。爱行者在教法中出家以后,一贯过着学处的生活,对学处极为尊重。见行者进入正性决定时,成为法随行者;爱行者进入正性决定时,成为信随行者。见行者可以通过乐行道,或迟通达或速通达而解脱;爱行者可以通过苦行道,或迟通达或速通达而解脱。
Tattha diṭṭhicarito asmiṃ sāsane pabbajito sallekhānusantatavutti bhavati sallekhe tibbagāravo. Taṇhācarito asmiṃ sāsane pabbajito sikkhānusantatavutti bhavati sikkhāya tibbagāravo. Diṭṭhicarito sammattaniyāmaṃ okkamanto dhammānusārī bhavati. Taṇhācarito sammattaniyāmaṃ okkamanto saddhānusārī bhavati, diṭṭhicarito sukhāya paṭipadāya dandhābhiññāya khippābhiññāya ca niyyāti. Taṇhācarito dukkhāya paṭipadāya dandhābhiññāya khippābhiññāya ca niyyāti.
759那是什么原因呢?因为爱行者没有舍断欲乐,当他从欲乐中远离时,痛苦地脱离它,并且缓慢地了知法。而见行者从一开始就对欲乐无所需求,当他从那里远离时,快速地脱离它,并且快速地了知法。苦行道也有两种:迟通达和速通达;乐行道也有两种:迟通达和速通达。众生也有两种:钝根和利根。钝根的人缓慢地脱离,缓慢地了知法;利根的人快速地脱离,快速地了知法。这就是四种行道。一切过去解脱的、现在解脱的、未来解脱的,都依这四种行道而解脱。圣者们就是这样宣说四种行道,为了摧破那为无智者所亲近、为愚者所喜爱、伴随有染之喜的存有之爱。这被称为“喜转引导的基础”,因此说:“以止平息爱与无明。”
Tattha kiṃkāraṇaṃ, yaṃ taṇhācarito dukkhāya paṭipadāya dandhābhiññāya khippābhiññāya ca niyyāti, tassa hi kāmā apariccattā bhavanti, so kāmehi viveciyamāno dukkhena paṭinissarati dandhañca dhammaṃ ājānāti? Yo panāyaṃ diṭṭhicarito ayaṃ āditoyeva kāmehi anatthiko bhavati. So tato viveciyamāno khippañca paṭinissarati, khippañca dhammaṃ ājānāti. Dukkhāpi paṭipadā duvidhā dandhābhiññā ca khippābhiññā ca. Sukhāpi paṭipadā duvidhā dandhābhiññā ca khippābhiññā ca. Sattāpi duvidhā mudindriyāpi tikkhindriyāpi. Ye mudindriyā, te dandhañca paṭinissaranti dandhañca dhammaṃ ājānanti. Ye tikkhindriyā, te khippañca paṭinissaranti, khippañca dhammaṃ ājānanti, imā catasso paṭipadā. Ye hi keci niyyiṃsu vā niyyanti vā niyyissanti vā, te imāhi eva catūhi paṭipadāhi. Evaṃ ariyā catukkamaggaṃ paññāpenti abudhajanasevitāya bālakantāya rattavāsiniyā nandiyā bhavataṇhāya avaṭṭanatthaṃ . Ayaṃ vuccati nandiyāvaṭṭassa nayassa bhūmīti, tenāha ‘‘taṇhañca avijjampi ca samathenā’’ti.
82在授记的部分,凡是那些或善或不善的法,应分别以两种方式来审察:顺着世间流转的和顺着世间还灭的。所谓流转,指的是轮回;所谓还灭,指的是涅槃。业和烦恼是轮回的因。在这里,应当说明业就是思及其相应心所。应该怎么看待呢?从集起的方式来看,一切烦恼应由四种颠倒来说明。应该在哪里去看见它们呢?在十种事中的烦恼聚里。哪十种事呢?四食、四颠倒、四取、四轭、四系、四漏、四暴流、四箭、四识住、四非道行。在第一食中有第一颠倒,在第二食中有第二颠倒,在第三食中有第三颠倒,在第四食中有第四颠倒。在第一颠倒中有第一取,在第二颠倒中有第二取,在第三颠倒中有第三取,在第四颠倒中有第四取。在第一取中有第一轭,在第二取中有第二轭,在第三取中有第三轭,在第四取中有第四轭。在第一轭中有第一系,在第二轭中有第二系,在第三轭中有第三系,在第四轭中有第四系。在第一系中有第一漏,在第二系中有第二漏,在第三系中有第三漏,在第四系中有第四漏。在第一漏中有第一暴流,在第二漏中有第二暴流,在第三漏中有第三暴流,在第四漏中有第四暴流。在第一暴流中有第一箭,在第二暴流中有第二箭,在第三暴流中有第三箭,在第四暴流中有第四箭。在第一箭中有第一识住,在第二箭中有第二识住,在第三箭中有第三识住,在第四箭中有第四识住。在第一识住中有第一非道行,在第二识住中有第二非道行,在第三识住中有第三非道行,在第四识住中有第四非道行。
Veyyākaraṇesu hi ye kusalākusalāti te duvidhā upaparikkhitabbā – lokavaṭṭānusārī ca lokavivaṭṭānusārī ca. Vaṭṭaṃ nāma saṃsāro. Vivaṭṭaṃ nibbānaṃ. Kammakilesā hetu saṃsārassa. Tattha kammaṃ cetanā cetasikañca niddisitabbaṃ. Taṃ kathaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ? Upacayena sabbepi kilesā catūhi vipallāsehi niddisitabbā. Te kattha daṭṭhabbā? Dasa vatthuke kilesapuñje. Katamāni dasa vatthūni? Cattāro āhārā, cattāro vipallāsā, cattāri upādānāni, cattāro yogā, cattāro ganthā, cattāro āsavā, cattāro oghā, cattāro sallā, catasso viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo cattāri agatigamanāni. Paṭhame āhāre paṭhamo vipallāso, dutiye āhāre dutiyo vipallāso, tatiye āhāre tatiyo vipallāso, catutthe āhāre catuttho vipallāso. Paṭhame vipallāse paṭhamaṃ upādānaṃ. Dutiye vipallāse dutiyaṃ upādānaṃ, tatiye vipallāse tatiyaṃ upādānaṃ, catutthe vipallāse catutthaṃ upādānaṃ. Paṭhame upādāne paṭhamo yogo, dutiye upādāne dutiyo yogo, tatiye upādāne tatiyo yogo, catutthe upādāne catuttho yogo. Paṭhame yoge paṭhamo gantho, dutiye yoge dutiyo gantho, tatiye yoge tatiyo gantho, catutthe yoge catuttho gantho, paṭhame ganthe paṭhamo āsavo, dutiye ganthe dutiyo āsavo, tatiye ganthe tatiyo āsavo, catutthe ganthe catuttho āsavo. Paṭhame āsave paṭhamo ogho, dutiye āsave dutiyo ogho, tatiye āsave tatiyo ogho, catutthe āsave catuttho ogho. Paṭhame oghe paṭhamo sallo, dutiye oghe dutiyo sallo, tatiye oghe tatiyo sallo, catutthe oghe catuttho sallo. Paṭhame salle paṭhamā viññāṇaṭṭhiti, dutiye salle dutiyā viññāṇaṭṭhiti, tatiye salle tatiyā viññāṇaṭṭhiti, catutthe salle catutthī viññāṇaṭṭhiti, paṭhamāyaṃ viññāṇaṭṭhitiyaṃ paṭhamaṃ agatigamanaṃ. Dutiyāyaṃ viññāṇaṭṭhitiyaṃ dutiyaṃ agatigamanaṃ. Tatiyāyaṃ viññāṇaṭṭhitiyaṃ tatiyaṃ agatigamanaṃ, catutthiyaṃ viññāṇaṭṭhitiyaṃ catutthaṃ agatigamanaṃ.
83其中,段食和触食,这两者是贪行者的杂染;意思食和识食,这两者是见行者的杂染。其中,‘于不净作净’的颠倒想和‘于苦作乐’的颠倒想,这两者是贪行者的杂染;‘于无常作常’的颠倒想和‘于无我作我’的颠倒想,这两者是见行者的杂染。其中,欲取和有取,这两者是贪行者的杂染;见取和我语取,这两者是见行者的杂染。其中,欲轭和有轭,这两者是贪行者的杂染;见轭和无明轭,这两者是见行者的杂染。其中,贪欲身系和嗔恚身系,这两者是贪行者的杂染;执取身系和执取‘唯有此是真谛’的身系,这两者是见行者的杂染。其中,欲漏和有漏,这两者是贪行者的杂染;见漏和无明漏,这两者是见行者的杂染。其中,欲暴流和有暴流,这两者是贪行者的杂染;见暴流和无明暴流,这两者是见行者的杂染。其中,贪箭和嗔箭,这两者是贪行者的杂染;慢箭和痴箭,这两者是见行者的杂染。其中,以色为所依的识住和以受为所依的识住,这两者是贪行者的杂染;以想为所依的识住和以行为所依的识住,这两者是见行者的杂染。其中,以欲而行非道和以嗔而行非道,这两者是贪行者的杂染;以怖畏而行非道和以痴而行非道,这两者是见行者的杂染。
Tattha yo ca kabaḷīkāro āhāro phasso āhāro, ime taṇhācaritassa puggalassa upakkilesā. Yo ca manosañcetanāhāro yo ca viññāṇāhāro, ime diṭṭhicaritassa puggalassa upakkilesā. Tattha yo ca ‘‘asubhe subha’’nti vipallāso, yo ca ‘‘dukkhe sukha’’nti vipallāso, ime taṇhācaritassa puggalassa upakkilesā. Yo ca ‘‘anicce nicca’’nti vipallāso, yo ca ‘‘anattani attā’’ti vipallāso, ime diṭṭhicaritassa puggalassa upakkilesā. Tattha yañca kāmupādānaṃ yañca bhavupādānaṃ, ime taṇhācaritassa puggalassa upakkilesā. Yañca diṭṭhupādānaṃ yañca attavādupādānaṃ, ime diṭṭhicaritassa puggalassa upakkilesā. Tattha yo ca kāmayogo, yo ca bhavayogo, ime taṇhācaritassa puggalassa upakkilesā. Yo ca diṭṭhiyogo, yo ca avijjāyogo, ime diṭṭhicaritassa puggalassa upakkilesā. Tattha yo ca abhijjhākāyagantho, yo ca byāpādo kāyagantho, ime taṇhācaritassa puggalassa upakkilesā. Yo ca parāmāsakāyagantho, yo ca idaṃsaccābhinivesakāyagantho, ime diṭṭhicaritassa puggalassa upakkilesā. Tattha yo ca kāmāsavo, yo ca bhavāsavo, ime taṇhācaritassa puggalassa upakkilesā. Yo ca diṭṭhāsavo, yo ca avijjāsavo, ime diṭṭhicaritassa puggalassa upakkilesā. Tattha yo ca kāmogho, yo ca bhavogho, ime taṇhācaritassa puggalassa upakkilesā. Yo ca diṭṭhogho, yo ca avijjogho, ime diṭṭhicaritassa puggalassa upakkilesā. Tattha yo ca rāgasallo, yo ca dosasallo, ime taṇhācaritassa puggalassa upakkilesā. Yo ca mānasallo, yo ca mohasallo, ime diṭṭhicaritassa puggalassa upakkilesā. Tattha yā ca rūpūpagā viññāṇaṭṭhiti, yā ca vedanūpagā viññāṇaṭṭhiti, ime taṇhācaritassa puggalassa upakkilesā. Yā ca saññūpagā viññāṇaṭṭhiti, yā ca saṅkhārūpagā viññāṇaṭṭhiti, ime diṭṭhicaritassa puggalassa upakkilesā. Tattha yañca chandā agatigamanaṃ yañca dosā agatigamanaṃ, ime taṇhācaritassa puggalassa upakkilesā. Yañca bhayā agatigamanaṃ, yañca mohā agatigamanaṃ, ime diṭṭhicaritassa puggalassa upakkilesā.
84在段食上有‘于不净作净’的颠倒想,在触食上有‘于苦作乐’的颠倒想,在识食上有‘于无常作常’的颠倒想,在意思食上有‘于无我作我’的颠倒想。安住于第一种颠倒的人便执取欲,这称为欲取;安住于第二种颠倒的人便执取未来的有,这称为有取;安住于第三种颠倒的人便执取乐于轮回的见,这称为见取;安住于第四种颠倒的人便执取所构想出的自我,这称为我语取。
Tattha kabaḷīkāre āhāre ‘‘asubhe subha’’nti vipallāso, phasse āhāre ‘‘dukkhe sukha’’nti vipallāso, viññāṇe āhāre ‘‘anicce nicca’’nti vipallāso, manosañcetanāya āhāre ‘‘anattani attā’’ti vipallāso. Paṭhame vipallāse ṭhito kāme upādiyati , idaṃ vuccati kāmupādānaṃ; dutiye vipallāse ṭhito anāgataṃ bhavaṃ upādiyati , idaṃ vuccati bhavupādānaṃ; tatiye vipallāse ṭhito saṃsārābhinandiniṃ diṭṭhiṃ upādiyati, idaṃ vuccati diṭṭhupādānaṃ; catutthe vipallāse ṭhito attānaṃ kappiyaṃ upādiyati, idaṃ vuccati attavādupādānaṃ.
763以欲取而与诸欲结合,这称为欲轭;以有取而与诸有结合,这称为有轭;以见取而与邪恶的见结合,这称为见轭;以我语取而与无明结合,这称为无明轭。
Kāmupādānena kāmehi saṃyujjati, ayaṃ vuccati kāmayogo; bhavupādānena bhavehi saṃyujjati, ayaṃ vuccati bhavayogo; diṭṭhupādānena pāpikāya diṭṭhiyā saṃyujjati, ayaṃ vuccati diṭṭhiyogo; attavādupādānena avijjāya saṃyujjati, ayaṃ vuccati avijjāyogo.
764安住于第一种轭的人,以贪欲缠缚身体,这称为贪欲身系;安住于第二种轭的人,以嗔恚缠缚身体,这称为嗔恚身系;安住于第三种轭的人,以执取缠缚身体,这称为执取身系;安住于第四种轭的人,以‘唯有此是真谛’的执取缠缚身体,这称为执取唯此真谛身系。
Paṭhame yoge ṭhito abhijjhāya kāyaṃ ganthati, ayaṃ vuccati abhijjhākāyagantho; dutiye yoge ṭhito byāpādena kāyaṃ ganthati, ayaṃ vuccati byāpādakāyagantho; tatiye yoge ṭhito parāmāsena kāyaṃ ganthati, ayaṃ vuccati parāmāsakāyagantho; catutthe yoge ṭhito idaṃsaccābhinivesena kāyaṃ ganthati, ayaṃ vuccati idaṃsaccābhinivesakāyagantho.
765他这样被系缚之后,烦恼便漏泄出来。又为什么称为漏泄呢?是从随眠或烦恼现行的角度说的。其中,以贪欲身系而有欲漏;以嗔恚身系而有有漏;以执取身系而有见漏;以执取唯此真谛身系而有无明漏。
Tassa evaṃganthitā kilesā āsavanti. Kuto ca vuccati āsavantīti? Anusayato vā pariyuṭṭhānato vā. Tattha abhijjhākāyaganthena kāmāsavo, byāpādakāyaganthena bhavāsavo, parāmāsakāyaganthena diṭṭhāsavo, idaṃsaccābhinivesakāyaganthena avijjāsavo.
766他的这四种漏增长广大便成为暴流。就这样,漏的广大就是暴流的广大。其中,从欲漏而有欲暴流;从有漏而有有暴流;从见漏而有见暴流;从无明漏而有无明暴流。
Tassa ime cattāro āsavā vepullaṃ gatā oghā bhavanti. Iti āsavavepullā oghavepullaṃ. Tattha kāmāsavena kāmogho, bhavāsavena bhavogho, diṭṭhāsavena diṭṭhogho, avijjāsavena avijjogho.
767对于这个人,这四种瀑流带着随眠,潜入他的意欲,刺进心里就待在那儿;因此被叫做“箭”。其中,由欲瀑流而成的,是贪箭;由有瀑流而成的,是嗔箭;由见瀑流而成的,是慢箭;由无明瀑流而成的,是痴箭。
Tassa ime cattāro oghā anusayasahagatā ajjhāsayaṃ anupaviṭṭhā hadayaṃ āhacca tiṭṭhanti, tena vuccanti sallāiti. Tattha kāmoghena rāgasallo, bhavoghena dosasallo, diṭṭhoghena mānasallo, avijjoghena mohasallo.
768他的识被这四种箭彻底征服后,就会在四种事情上安住:色、受、想、行。具体来说,带着贪箭、被喜悦滋润的识,会形成攀缘色的识住;带着嗔箭、被喜悦滋润的识,会形成攀缘受的识住;带着慢箭、被喜悦滋润的识,会形成攀缘想的识住;带着痴箭、被喜悦滋润的识,会形成攀缘行的识住。
Tassa imehi catūhi sallehi pariyādinnaṃ viññāṇaṃ catūsu dhammesu saṇṭhahati rūpe vedanāya saññāya saṅkhāresu. Tattha rāgasallena nandūpasecanena viññāṇena rūpūpagā viññāṇaṭṭhiti, dosasallena nandūpasecanena viññāṇena vedanūpagā viññāṇaṭṭhiti, mānasallena nandūpasecanena viññāṇena saññūpagā viññāṇaṭṭhiti, mohasallena nandūpasecanena viññāṇena saṅkhārūpagā viññāṇaṭṭhiti.
769他的识得到这四种识住的助长,就会依四种情况走上不该走的路:出于欲爱、出于嗔恨、出于恐惧、出于愚痴。由于贪著,就走上欲爱的不当路;由于恼怒,就走上嗔恨的不当路;由于害怕,就走上恐惧的不当路;由于愚迷,就走上愚痴的不当路。那么,这份业和这些烦恼,就是轮回的因。像这样,一切烦恼都可以借由四种颠倒来说明。
Tassa imāhi catūhi viññāṇaṭṭhitīhi upatthaddhaṃ viññāṇaṃ catūhi dhammehi agatiṃ gacchati chandā dosā bhayā mohā. Tattha rāgena chandāgatiṃ gacchati, dosena dosāgatiṃ gacchati, bhayena bhayāgatiṃ gacchati, mohena mohāgatiṃ gacchati. Iti kho tañca kammaṃ ime ca kilesā, esa hetu saṃsārassa, evaṃ sabbe kilesā catūhi vipallāsehi niddisitabbā.
85在这里,有四个方向来说明。第一方向:抟食是‘把不净当作净’的颠倒,欲取,欲轭,贪欲身系,欲漏,欲瀑流,贪箭,攀缘色的识住,走上欲爱的不当路——这是第一方向。
Tattha imā catasso disā kabaḷīkāro āhāro ‘‘asubhe subha’’nti vipallāso, kāmupādānaṃ, kāmayogo, abhijjhākāyagantho, kāmāsavo, kāmogho, rāgasallo, rūpūpagā viññāṇaṭṭhiti, chandā agatigamananti paṭhamā disā.
771第二方向:触食是‘把苦当作乐’的颠倒,有取,有轭,嗔恚身系,有漏,有瀑流,嗔箭,攀缘受的识住,走上嗔恨的不当路——这是第二方向。
Phasso āhāro, ‘‘dukkhe sukha’’nti vipallāso, bhavupādānaṃ, bhavayogo, byāpādakāyagantho, bhavāsavo, bhavogho, dosasallo, vedanūpagā viññāṇaṭṭhiti, dosā agatigamananti dutiyā disā.
772第三方向:识食是‘把无常当作常’的颠倒,见取,见轭,戒禁取身系,见漏,见瀑流,慢箭,攀缘想的识住,走上恐惧的不当路——这是第三方向。
Viññāṇāhāro ‘‘anicce nicca’’nti vipallāso, diṭṭhupādānaṃ, diṭṭhiyogo parāmāsakāyagantho, diṭṭhāsavo, diṭṭhogho, mānasallo, saññūpagā viññāṇaṭṭhiti, bhayā agatigamananti tatiyā disā.
773意念思食、把‘无我’颠倒想成‘有我’、我取、无明轭、执取此为真实的身系、无明漏、无明流、痴箭、识安住于行、因痴而行的恶行——这是第四个方面。
Manosañcetanāhāro ‘‘anattani attā’’ti vipallāso, attavādupādānaṃ, avijjāyogo, idaṃsaccābhinivesakāyagantho, avijjāsavo, avijjogho, mohasallo, saṅkhārūpagā viññāṇaṭṭhiti, mohā agatigamananti catutthī disā.
774在这里,段食和把‘不净’颠倒想成‘净’、欲取、欲轭、贪欲身系、欲漏、欲流、贪箭、识安住于色、因欲求而行的恶行——这十部经有同一个含义,只是词句不同。这些是贪行者的垢染。
Tattha yo ca kabaḷīkāro āhāro yo ca ‘‘asubhe subha’’nti vipallāso, kāmupādānaṃ, kāmayogo, abhijjhākāyagantho, kāmāsavo , kāmogho, rāgasallo, rūpūpagā viññāṇaṭṭhiti chandā agatigamananti, imesaṃ dasannaṃ suttānaṃ eko attho, byañjanameva nānaṃ. Ime rāgacaritassa puggalassa upakkilesā.
775在这里,触食和把‘苦’颠倒想成‘乐’、有取、有轭、嗔恚身系、有漏、有流、嗔箭、识安住于受、因嗔而行的恶行——这十部经有同一个含义,只是词句不同。这些是嗔行者的垢染。
Tattha yo ca phasso āhāro yo ca ‘‘dukkhe sukha’’nti vipallāso, bhavupādānaṃ, bhavayogo , byāpādakāyagantho, bhavāsavo, bhavogho, dosasallo, vedanūpagā viññāṇaṭṭhiti, dosā agatigamananti imesaṃ dasannaṃ suttānaṃ eko attho byañjanameva nānaṃ, ime dosacaritassa puggalassa upakkilesā.
776在这里,识食和把‘无常’颠倒想成‘常’、见取、见轭、执取戒禁的身系、见漏、见流、慢箭、识安住于想、因恐惧而行的恶行——这十部经有同一个含义,只是词句不同。这些是钝根见行者的垢染。
Tattha yo ca viññāṇāhāro yo ca ‘‘anicce nicca’’nti vipallāso, diṭṭhupādānaṃ, diṭṭhiyogo, parāmāsakāyagantho, diṭṭhāsavo, diṭṭhogho, mānasallo, saññūpagā viññāṇaṭṭhiti, bhayā agatigamananti imesaṃ dasannaṃ suttānaṃ eko attho, byañjanameva nānaṃ. Ime diṭṭhicaritassa mandassa upakkilesā.
777在这里,意念思食和把‘无我’颠倒想成‘有我’、我取、无明轭、执取此为真实的身系、无明漏、无明流、痴箭、识安住于行、因痴而行的恶行——这十部经有同一个含义,只是词句不同。这些是利根见行者的垢染。
Tattha yo ca manosañcetanāhāro yo ca ‘‘anattani attā’’ti vipallāso, attavādupādānaṃ, avijjāyogo, idaṃsaccābhinivesakāyagantho, avijjāsavo, avijjogho, mohasallo, saṅkhārūpagā viññāṇaṭṭhiti, mohā agatigamananti, imesaṃ dasannaṃ suttānaṃ eko attho, byañjanameva nānaṃ. Ime diṭṭhicaritassa udattassa upakkilesā.
778在这里,段食和触食,通过无愿解脱门被遍知。识食,通过空解脱门被遍知。意念思食,通过无相解脱门被遍知。在这里,把‘不净’颠倒想成‘净’,以及把‘苦’颠倒想成‘乐’,它们通过无愿解脱门被断除、息灭。把‘无常’颠倒想成‘常’的颠倒,通过空解脱门被断除;把‘无我’颠倒想成‘有我’的颠倒,通过无相解脱门被断除。在这里,欲取和有取,通过无愿解脱门被断除。见取,通过空解脱门被断除;我取,通过无相解脱门被断除。在这里,欲轭和有轭,通过无愿解脱门被断除。见轭,通过空解脱门被断除;无明轭,通过无相解脱门被断除。在这里,贪欲身系和嗔恚身系,通过无愿解脱门被断除。执取戒禁的身系,通过空解脱门被断除;执取此为真实的身系,通过无相解脱门被断除。
Tattha yo ca kabaḷīkāro āhāro yo ca phasso āhāro, ime appaṇihitena vimokkhamukhena pariññaṃ gacchanti, viññāṇāhāro suññatāya, manosañcetanāhāro animittena, tattha yo ca ‘‘asubhe subha’’nti vipallāso, yo ca ‘‘dukkhe sukha’’nti vipallāso, ime appaṇihitena vimokkhamukhena pahānaṃ abbhatthaṃ gacchanti. ‘‘Anicce nicca’’nti vipallāso suññatāya, ‘‘anattani attā’’ti vipallāso animittena. Tattha kāmupādānañca bhavupādānañca appaṇihitena vimokkhamukhena pahānaṃ gacchanti. Diṭṭhupādānaṃ suññatāya, attavādupādānaṃ animittena. Tattha kāmayogo ca bhavayogo ca appaṇihitena vimokkhamukhena pahānaṃ gacchanti, diṭṭhiyogo suññatāya, avijjāyogo animittena. Tattha abhijjhākāyagantho ca byāpādakāyagantho ca appaṇihitena vimokkhamukhena pahānaṃ gacchanti, parāmāsakāyagantho suññatāya, idaṃsaccābhinivesakāyagantho animittena.
779在那里,欲的烦恼和有的烦恼通过无愿解脱门而被断除,见的烦恼通过空解脱门而被断除,无明的烦恼通过无相解脱门而被断除。在那里,欲的暴流和有的暴流通过无愿解脱门而被断除,见的暴流通过空解脱门而被断除,无明的暴流通过无相解脱门而被断除。在那里,贪的箭和嗔的箭通过无愿解脱门而被断除,慢的箭通过空解脱门而被断除,痴的箭通过无相解脱门而被断除。在那里,对于色的执取和识的住立、对于受的执取和识的住立,通过无愿解脱门而得到遍知,对于想的执取通过空解脱门而得到遍知,对于行的执取通过无相解脱门而得到遍知。
Tattha kāmāsavo ca bhavāsavo ca appaṇihitena vimokkhamukhena pahānaṃ gacchanti, diṭṭhāsavo suññatāya, avijjāsavo animittena. Tattha kāmogho ca bhavogho ca appaṇihitena vimokkhamukhena pahānaṃ gacchanti, diṭṭhogho suññatāya, avijjogho animittena. Tattha rāgasallo ca dosasallo ca appaṇihitena vimokkhamukhena pahānaṃ gacchanti, mānasallo suññatāya, mohasallo animittena. Tattha rūpūpagā ca viññāṇaṭṭhiti vedanūpagā ca viññāṇaṭṭhiti appaṇihitena vimokkhamukhena pariññaṃ gacchanti, saññūpagā suññatāya, saṅkhārūpagā animittena.
780在那里,因欲而行不当处、因嗔而行不当处,通过无愿解脱门而被断除;因怖而行不当处,通过空解脱门而被断除;因痴而行不当处,通过无相解脱门而被断除。就这样,所有随顺世间轮转的法都会被导出。那些世间通过这三种解脱门而被导出。
Tattha chandā ca agatigamanaṃ dosā ca agatigamanaṃ appaṇihitena vimokkhamukhena pahānaṃ gacchanti, bhayā agatigamanaṃ suññatāya, mohā agatigamanaṃ animittena vimokkhamukhena pahānaṃ gacchanti. Iti sabbe lokavaṭṭānusārino dhammā niyyanti. Te lokā tīhi vimokkhamukhehi.
86这里,这种导出就是——
Tatridaṃ niyyānaṃ –
86于此,这是导出——
Tatridaṃ niyyānaṃ –
783四道、四念处、四禅、四种住、四正勤、四种希有未曾有法、四种依处、四种定修习、四种与乐相应的法、四无量。
Catasso paṭipadā, cattāro satipaṭṭhānā, cattāri jhānāni, cattāro vihārā, cattāro sammappadhānā, cattāro acchariyā abbhutā dhammā, cattāri adhiṭṭhānāni, catasso samādhibhāvanā, cattāro sukhabhāgiyā dhammā, catasso appamāṇā.
784第一道修习了、多做了,就令第一念处圆满;第二道修习了、多做了,就令第二念处圆满;第三道修习了、多做了,就令第三念处圆满;第四道修习了、多做了,就令第四念处圆满。第一念处修习了、多做了,就令第一禅圆满;第二念处修习了、多做了,就令第二禅圆满;第三念处修习了、多做了,就令第三禅圆满;第四念处修习了、多做了,就令第四禅圆满。第一禅修习了、多做了,就令第一种住圆满;第二禅修习了、多做了,就令第二种住圆满;第三禅修习了、多做了,就令第三种住圆满;第四禅修习了、多做了,就令第四种住圆满。第一种住修习了、多做了,就令第一正勤圆满;第二种住修习了、多做了,就令第二正勤圆满;第三种住修习了、多做了,就令第三正勤圆满;第四种住修习了、多做了,就令第四正勤圆满。第一正勤修习了、多做了,就令第一种希有未曾有法圆满;第二正勤修习了、多做了,就令第二种希有未曾有法圆满;第三正勤修习了、多做了,就令第三种希有未曾有法圆满;第四正勤修习了、多做了,就令第四种希有未曾有法圆满。第一种希有未曾有法修习了、多做了,就令第一种依处圆满;第二种希有未曾有法修习了、多做了,就令第二种依处圆满;第三种希有未曾有法修习了、多做了,就令第三种依处圆满;第四种希有未曾有法修习了、多做了,就令第四种依处圆满。第一种依处修习了、多做了,就令第一种定修习圆满;第二种依处修习了、多做了,就令第二种定修习圆满;第三种依处修习了、多做了,就令第三种定修习圆满;第四种依处修习了、多做了,就令第四种定修习圆满。第一种定修习修习了、多做了,就令第一种与乐相应的法圆满;第二种定修习修习了、多做了,就令第二种与乐相应的法圆满;第三种定修习修习了、多做了,就令第三种与乐相应的法圆满;第四种定修习修习了、多做了,就令第四种与乐相应的法圆满。第一种与乐相应的法修习了、多做了,就令第一无量圆满;第二种与乐相应的法修习了、多做了,就令第二无量圆满;第三种与乐相应的法修习了、多做了,就令第三无量圆满;第四种与乐相应的法修习了、多做了,就令第四无量圆满。第一道修习了、多做了,就令第一念处圆满;第二道修习了、多做了,就令第二念处圆满;第三道修习了、多做了,就令第三念处圆满;第四道修习了、多做了,就令第四念处圆满。第一念处修习了、多做了,就令第一禅圆满;第二念处修习了、多做了,就令第二禅圆满;第三念处修习了、多做了,就令第三禅圆满;第四念处修习了、多做了,就令第四禅圆满。
Paṭhamā paṭipadā paṭhamaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ, dutiyā paṭipadā dutiyaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ, tatiyā paṭipadā tatiyaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ, catutthī paṭipadā catutthaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ. Paṭhamaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ, dutiyaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ, tatiyaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ. Catutthaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ. Paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ paṭhamo vihāro, dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ dutiyo vihāro, tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ tatiyo vihāro, catutthaṃ jhānaṃ catuttho vihāro. Paṭhamo vihāro paṭhamaṃ sammappadhānaṃ, dutiyo vihāro dutiyaṃ sammappadhānaṃ, tatiyo vihāro tatiyaṃ sammappadhānaṃ, catuttho vihāro catutthaṃ sammappadhānaṃ. Paṭhamaṃ sammappadhānaṃ paṭhamo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo, dutiyaṃ dutiyo, tatiyaṃ tatiyo, catutthaṃ sammappadhānaṃ catuttho acchariyo abbhuto dhammo. Paṭhamo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo paṭhamaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ, dutiyo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo dutiyaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ, tatiyo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo tatiyaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ, catuttho acchariyo abbhuto dhammo catutthaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ. Paṭhamaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ paṭhamā samādhibhāvanā, dutiyaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ dutiyā samādhibhāvanā, tatiyaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ tatiyā samādhibhāvanā, catutthaṃ adhiṭṭhānaṃ catutthī samādhibhāvanā. Paṭhamā samādhibhāvanā paṭhamo sukhabhāgiyo dhammo, dutiyā samādhibhāvanā dutiyo sukhabhāgiyo dhammo, tatiyā samādhibhāvanā tatiyo sukhabhāgiyo dhammo, catutthī samādhibhāvanā catuttho sukhabhāgiyo dhammo. Paṭhamo sukhabhāgiyo dhammo paṭhamaṃ appamāṇaṃ, dutiyo sukhabhāgiyo dhammo dutiyaṃ appamāṇaṃ, tatiyo sukhabhāgiyo dhammo tatiyaṃ appamāṇaṃ, catuttho sukhabhāgiyo dhammo catutthaṃ appamāṇaṃ. Paṭhamā paṭipadā bhāvitā bahulīkatā paṭhamaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ paripūreti, dutiyā paṭipadā bhāvitā bahulīkatā dutiyaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ paripūreti, tatiyā paṭipadā bhāvitā bahulīkatā tatiyaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ paripūreti, catutthī paṭipadā bhāvitā bahulīkatā catutthaṃ satipaṭṭhānaṃ paripūreti. Paṭhamo satipaṭṭhāno bhāvito bahulīkato paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ paripūreti, dutiyo satipaṭṭhāno bhāvito bahulīkato dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ paripūreti, tatiyo satipaṭṭhāno bhāvito bahulīkato tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ paripūreti, catuttho satipaṭṭhāno bhāvito bahulīkato catutthaṃ jhānaṃ paripūreti.
785第一禅修习了、多做了,就令第一种住圆满;第二禅修习了、多做了,就令第二种住圆满;第三禅修习了、多做了,就令第三种住圆满;第四禅修习了、多做了,就令第四种住圆满。第一种住修习了、多做了,就令未生起的恶、不善法令不生的圆满;第二种住修习了、多做了,就令已生起的恶、不善法的断除圆满;第三种住修习了、多做了,就令未生起的善法的生起圆满;第四种住修习了、多做了,就令已生起的善法的保持、不忘失、增长圆满。第一正勤修习了、多做了,就令慢的断除圆满;第二正勤修习了、多做了,就令执着的根除圆满;第三正勤修习了、多做了,就令无明的断除圆满;第四正勤修习了、多做了,就令有的寂灭圆满。慢的断除修习了、多做了,就令真谛依处圆满;执着的根除修习了、多做了,就令施舍依处圆满;无明的断除修习了、多做了,就令智慧依处圆满;有的寂灭修习了、多做了,就令寂止依处圆满。真谛依处修习了、多做了,就令欲心定圆满;施舍依处修习了、多做了,就令精进心定圆满;智慧依处修习了、多做了,就令心定圆满;寂止依处修习了、多做了,就令观心定圆满。欲心定修习了、多做了,就令根律仪圆满;精进心定修习了、多做了,就令苦行圆满;心定修习了、多做了,就令觉悟圆满;观心定修习了、多做了,就令一切依着的彻底舍离圆满。根律仪修习了、多做了,就令慈圆满;苦行修习了、多做了,就令悲圆满;觉悟修习了、多做了,就令喜圆满;一切依着的彻底舍离修习了、多做了,就令舍圆满。
Paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ bhāvitaṃ bahulīkataṃ paṭhamaṃ vihāraṃ paripūreti, dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ bhāvitaṃ bahulīkataṃ dutiyaṃ vihāraṃ paripūreti, tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ bhāvitaṃ bahulīkataṃ tatiyaṃ vihāraṃ paripūreti, catutthaṃ jhānaṃ bhāvitaṃ bahulīkataṃ catutthaṃ vihāraṃ paripūreti. Paṭhamo vihāro bhāvito bahulīkato anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādaṃ paripūreti, dutiyo vihāro bhāvito bahulīkato uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānaṃ paripūreti, tatiyo vihāro bhāvito bahulīkato anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādaṃ paripūreti, catuttho vihāro bhāvito bahulīkato uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiṃ asammosaṃ bhiyyobhāvaṃ paripūreti. Paṭhamaṃ sammappadhānaṃ bhāvitaṃ bahulīkataṃ mānappahānaṃ paripūreti, dutiyaṃ sammappadhānaṃ bhāvitaṃ bahulīkataṃ ālayasamugghātaṃ paripūreti, tatiyaṃ sammappadhānaṃ bhāvitaṃ bahulīkataṃ avijjāpahānaṃ paripūreti, catutthaṃ sammappadhānaṃ bhāvitaṃ bahulīkataṃ bhavūpasamaṃ paripūreti. Mānappahānaṃ bhāvitaṃ bahulīkataṃ saccādhiṭṭhānaṃ paripūreti, ālayasamugghāto bhāvito bahulīkato cāgādhiṭṭhānaṃ paripūreti, avijjāpahānaṃ bhāvitaṃ bahulīkataṃ paññādhiṭṭhānaṃ paripūreti, bhavūpasamo bhāvito bahulīkato upasamādhiṭṭhānaṃ paripūreti. Saccādhiṭṭhānaṃ bhāvitaṃ bahulīkataṃ chandasamādhiṃ paripūreti, cāgādhiṭṭhānaṃ bhāvitaṃ bahulīkataṃ vīriyasamādhiṃ paripūreti, paññādhiṭṭhānaṃ bhāvitaṃ bahulīkataṃ cittasamādhiṃ paripūreti, upasamādhiṭṭhānaṃ bhāvitaṃ bahulīkataṃ vīmaṃsāsamādhiṃ paripūreti. Chandasamādhi bhāvito bahulīkato indriyasaṃvaraṃ paripūreti, vīriyasamādhi bhāvito bahulīkato tapaṃ paripūreti, cittasamādhi bhāvito bahulīkato buddhiṃ paripūreti, vīmaṃsāsamādhi bhāvito bahulīkato sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggaṃ paripūreti. Indriyasaṃvaro bhāvito bahulīkato mettaṃ paripūreti, tapo bhāvito bahulīkato karuṇaṃ paripūreti, buddhi bhāvitā bahulīkatā muditaṃ paripūreti, sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo bhāvito bahulīkato upekkhaṃ paripūreti.
87在这里,第一行道、第一念处、第一禅那、第一住、第一正勤、第一稀有难得之法,以真实为依止处,以欲为三摩地,守护根门,慈梵住——这是第一方位。
Tattha imā catasso disā paṭhamā paṭipadā paṭhamo satipaṭṭhāno paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ paṭhamo vihāro paṭhamo sammappadhāno paṭhamo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo saccādhiṭṭhānaṃ chandasamādhi indriyasaṃvaro mettā iti paṭhamā disā.
787第二行道、第二念处、第二住、第二正勤、第二稀有难得之法,以生为依止处,以精进为三摩地,苦行,悲梵住——这是第二方位。
Dutiyā paṭipadā dutiyo satipaṭṭhāno dutiyo vihāro dutiyo sammappadhāno dutiyo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo bhavādhiṭṭhānaṃ vīriyasamādhi tapo karuṇā iti dutiyā disā.
788第三种行道、第三念处、第三禅那、第三种住、第三正勤、第三稀有未曾有法、慧增上、心三昧、觉、喜,这十个经句意义相同,只是表达有差别。这是给迟钝的见行者的良药。
Tatiyā paṭipadā tatiyo satipaṭṭhāno tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ tatiyo vihāro tatiyo sammappadhāno tatiyo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo paññādhiṭṭhānaṃ cittasamādhi buddhi muditā iti imesaṃ dasannaṃ suttānaṃ eko attho, byañjanameva nānaṃ. Idaṃ diṭṭhicaritassa mandassa bhesajjaṃ.
789第四种行道、第四念处、第四禅那、第四种住、第四正勤、第四稀有未曾有法、止增上、观三昧、一切依着之舍离、舍,这十个经句意义相同,只是表达有差别。这是给利根的见行者的良药。
Catutthī paṭipadā catuttho satipaṭṭhāno catutthaṃ jhānaṃ catuttho vihāro catuttho sammappadhāno catuttho acchariyo abbhuto dhammo upasamādhiṭṭhānaṃ vīmaṃsāsamādhi sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo upekkhā iti imesaṃ dasannaṃ suttānaṃ eko attho, byañjanameva nānaṃ. Idaṃ diṭṭhicaritassa udattassa bhesajjaṃ.
790在这里,第一行道、第一念处、第一禅那、第一住、第一正勤、第一稀有难得之法,以真实为依止处,以欲为三摩地,守护根门,慈梵住。这十个经句,意义是同一个,只是语言表达方式不同。这是适合贪行者的药。
Tattha paṭhamā paṭipadā paṭhamo satipaṭṭhāno paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ paṭhamo vihāro paṭhamo sammappadhāno paṭhamo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo saccādhiṭṭhānaṃ chandasamādhi indriyasaṃvaro, mettā iti imesaṃ dasannaṃ suttānaṃ eko attho, byañjanameva nānaṃ. Idaṃ rāgacaritassa puggalassa bhesajjaṃ.
791第二行道、第二念处、第二禅那、第二住、第二正勤、第二稀有难得之法,以施舍为依止处,以精进为三摩地,苦行,悲梵住。这十个经句,意义是同一个,只是语言表达方式不同。这是适合瞋行者的药。
Dutiyā paṭipadā dutiyo satipaṭṭhāno dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ dutiyo vihāro dutiyo sammappadhāno dutiyo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo cāgādhiṭṭhānaṃ vīriyasamādhi tapo karuṇā iti imesaṃ dasannaṃ suttānaṃ eko attho, byañjanameva nānaṃ. Idaṃ dosacaritassa puggalassa bhesajjaṃ.
792第三行道、第三念处、第三禅那、第三住、第三正勤、第三稀有难得之法,以慧为依止处,以心为三摩地,觉智,喜梵住——这是第三方位。
Tatiyā paṭipadā tatiyo satipaṭṭhāno tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ tatiyo vihāro tatiyo sammappadhāno tatiyo acchariyo abbhuto dhammo paññādhiṭṭhānaṃ cittasamādhi buddhi muditā iti tatiyā disā.
793第四行道、第四念处、第四禅那、第四住、第四正勤、第四稀有难得之法,以寂静为依止处,以考察为三摩地,舍断一切依着,舍梵住——这是第四方位。
Catutthī paṭipadā catuttho satipaṭṭhāno catutthaṃ jhānaṃ catuttho vihāro catuttho sammappadhāno catuttho acchariyo abbhuto dhammo upasamādhiṭṭhānaṃ vīmaṃsāsamādhi sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo upekkhā iti catutthī disā.
794这里面,苦行道而证悟迟钝、以及苦行道而证悟迅速,对应无愿解脱门;乐行道而证悟迟钝,对应空解脱门;乐行道而证悟迅速,对应无相解脱门。
Tattha dukkhā ca paṭipadā dandhābhiññā dukkhā ca paṭipadā khippābhiññā appaṇihitaṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ, sukhā paṭipadā dandhābhiññā suññataṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ, sukhā paṭipadā khippābhiññā animittaṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ.
795这里面,于身随观身之念处、于受随观受之念处,对应无愿解脱门;于心随观心,对应空解脱门;于法随观法,对应无相解脱门。
Tattha kāye kāyānupassitā satipaṭṭhānañca vedanāsu vedanānupassitā satipaṭṭhānañca appaṇihitaṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ, citte cittānupassitā suññataṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ. Dhammesu dhammānupassitā animittaṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ.
796这里面,初禅与第二禅,对应无愿解脱门;第三禅,对应空解脱门;第四禅,对应无相解脱门。
Tattha paṭhamañca jhānaṃ dutiyañca jhānaṃ appaṇihitaṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ, tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ suññataṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ, catutthaṃ jhānaṃ animittaṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ.
797这里面,第一种住与第二种住,对应无愿解脱门;第三种住,对应空解脱门;第四种住,对应无相解脱门。
Tattha paṭhamo ca vihāro dutiyo ca vihāro appaṇihitaṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ, tatiyo vihāro suññataṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ, catuttho vihāro animittaṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ.
798在这里,第一正勤和第二正勤属于无愿解脱门,第三正勤属于空解脱门,第四正勤属于无相解脱门。
Yattha paṭhamañca sammappadhānaṃ dutiyañca sammappadhānaṃ appaṇihitaṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ, tatiyaṃ sammappadhānaṃ suññataṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ, catutthaṃ sammappadhānaṃ animittaṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ.
799在这里,断除慢与根除执着,属于无愿解脱门;断除无明,属于空解脱门;止息存有,属于无相解脱门。
Tattha mānappahānañca ālayasamugghāto ca appaṇihitaṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ, avijjāpahānaṃ suññataṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ, bhavūpasamo animittaṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ.
800在这里,以真实为依处和以施舍为依处,属于无愿解脱门;以智慧为依处,属于空解脱门;以寂静为依处,属于无相解脱门。
Tattha saccādhiṭṭhānañca cāgādhiṭṭhānañca appaṇihitaṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ, paññādhiṭṭhānaṃ suññataṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ, upasamādhiṭṭhānaṃ animittaṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ.
801在这里,欲三摩地和精进三摩地,属于无愿解脱门;心三摩地,属于空解脱门;观三摩地,属于无相解脱门。
Tattha chandasamādhi ca vīriyasamādhi ca appaṇihitaṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ, cittasamādhi suññataṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ, vīmaṃsāsamādhi animittaṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ.
802在这里,守护根门和苦行,属于无愿解脱门;觉悟,属于空解脱门;舍离一切依着,属于无相解脱门。
Tattha indriyasaṃvaro ca tapo ca appaṇihitaṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ, buddhi suññataṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo animittaṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ.
803在这里,慈与悲,属于无愿解脱门;喜,属于空解脱门;舍,属于无相解脱门。
Tattha mettā ca karuṇā ca appaṇihitaṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ, muditā suññataṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ upekkhā animittaṃ vimokkhamukhaṃ.
804他们的戏耍。四种食,它们的对立面是四种行道……四种颠倒,它们的对立面是四念住。四种取,它们的对立面是四种禅那。四种轭,它们的对立面是四种住。四种缚,它们的对立面是四正勤。四种漏,它们的对立面是四种稀有未曾有法。四种暴流,它们的对立面是四种依处。四种箭,它们的对立面是四种定修习。四种识住,它们的对立面是四种顺抉择分法。四种邪行,它们的对立面是四无量心。
Tesaṃ vikkīḷitaṃ. Cattāro āhārā tesaṃ paṭipakkho catasso paṭipadā…pe… cattāro vipallāsā tesaṃ paṭipakkho cattāro satipaṭṭhānā. Cattāri upādānāni tesaṃ paṭipakkho cattāri jhānāni. Cattāro yogā tesaṃ paṭipakkho cattāro vihārā. Cattāro ganthā tesaṃ paṭipakkho cattāro sammappadhānā. Cattāro āsavā tesaṃ paṭipakkho cattāro acchariyā abbhutā dhammā. Cattāro oghā tesaṃ paṭipakkho cattāri adhiṭṭhānāni. Cattāro sallā tesaṃ paṭipakkho catasso samādhibhāvanā. Catasso viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo tāsaṃ paṭipakkho cattāro sukhabhāgiyā dhammā. Cattāri agatigamanāni tesaṃ paṭipakkho catasso appamāṇā.
805诸佛、辟支佛和已断除贪嗔痴的弟子们——狮子们——他们的戏耍就是修习、证悟和彻底灭尽。戏耍是以根为立足处的,戏耍也是以不颠倒为立足处的。根是以正法为活动领域,颠倒是以烦恼为活动领域。这就叫做‘狮子游戏’引导法和‘观察诸方’引导法的范围。因此说:‘他以颠倒引导污染者。’在记说类经典中,的确是这样:‘善的与不善的。’
Sīhā buddhā paccekabuddhā sāvakā ca hatarāgadosamohā, tesaṃ vikkīḷitaṃ bhāvanā sacchikiriyā byantīkiriyā ca. Vikkīḷitaṃ indriyādhiṭṭhānaṃ vikkīḷitaṃ vipariyāsānadhiṭṭhānañca. Indriyāni saddhammagocaro vipariyāsā kilesagocaro. Ayaṃ vuccati sīhavikkīḷitassa ca nayassa disālocanassa ca nayassa bhūmīti. Tenāha ‘‘yo neti vipallāsehi saṃkilese’’ti. Veyyākaraṇesu hi ye ‘‘kusalākusalā’’ti ca.
806其中,那些依苦行道、迟通达或速通达而导出的人,这是两种人;那些依乐行道、迟通达或速通达而导出的人,这是另外两种人。这四种人的污染是:四种食、四种颠倒、四种取、四种轭、四种缚、四种漏、四种暴流、四种箭、四种识住、四种邪行。这四种人的清净是:四种行道、四念住、四种禅那、四种住、四正勤、四种稀有未曾有法、四种依处、四种定修习、四种顺抉择分法、四无量心。如此。
Tattha ye dukkhāya paṭipadāya dandhābhiññāya khippābhiññāya ca niyyanti, ime dve puggalā; ye sukhāya paṭipadāya dandhābhiññāya khippābhiññāya ca niyyanti, ime dve puggalā. Tesaṃ catunnaṃ puggalānaṃ ayaṃ saṃkileso, cattāro āhārā, cattāro vipallāsā, cattāri upādānāni, cattāro yogā, cattāro ganthā, cattāro āsavā, cattāro oghā, cattāro sallā, catasso viññāṇaṭṭhitiyo, cattāri agatigamanānīti. Tesaṃ catunnaṃ puggalānaṃ idaṃ vodānaṃ, catasso paṭipadā, cattāro satipaṭṭhānā, cattāri jhānāni, cattāro vihārā, cattāro sammappadhānā, cattāro acchariyā abbhutā dhammā, cattāri adhiṭṭhānāni, catasso samādhibhāvanā, cattāro sukhabhāgiyā dhammā, catasso appamāṇā iti.
88其中,那些依苦行道、迟通达或速通达而导出的人,这是两种人。那些依乐行道、迟通达或速通达而导出的人,这是另外两种人。其中,那位依乐行道、速通达而导出的人,是略说即知者。那位依中等行道的,是广说即知者。那位依苦行道、迟通达而导出的人,是可引导者。
Tattha ye dukkhāya paṭipadāya dandhābhiññāya khippābhiññāya ca niyyanti ime dve puggalā. Ye sukhāya paṭipadāya dandhābhiññāya khippābhiññāya ca niyyanti, ime dve puggalā. Tattha yo sukhāya paṭipadāya khippābhiññāya niyyāti, ayaṃ ugghaṭitaññū. Yo sādhāraṇāya, ayaṃ vipañcitaññū. Yo dukkhāya paṭipadāya dandhābhiññāya niyyāti, ayaṃ neyyo.
808其中,世尊为略说即知的人教导止,为可引导者教导观,为广说即知者教导止与观。其中,世尊为略说即知的人教导柔和的法说,为可引导者教导猛利的,为广说即知者教导柔和且猛利的。其中,世尊以简略的方式为略说即知的人说法,以简略而详尽的方式为广说即知者说法,以详尽的方式为可引导者说法。其中,世尊为略说即知的人教导出离,为广说即知者教导过患和出离,为可引导者教导味、过患和出离。其中,世尊为略说即知的人施设增上慧学,为广说即知者施设增上心学,为可引导者施设增上戒学。
Tattha bhagavā ugghaṭitaññussa puggalassa samathaṃ upadisati, neyyassa vipassanaṃ, samathavipassanaṃ vipañcitaññussa. Tattha bhagavā ugghaṭitaññussa puggalassa mudukaṃ dhammadesanaṃ upadisati, tikkhaṃ neyyassa, mudutikkhaṃ vipañcitaññussa, tattha bhagavā ugghaṭitaññussa puggalassa saṃkhittena dhammaṃ desayati, saṃkhittavitthārena vipañcitaññussa, vitthārena neyyassa. Tattha bhagavā ugghaṭitaññussa puggalassa nissaraṇaṃ upadisati, vipañcitaññussa ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca upadisati, neyyassa assādañca ādīnavañca nissaraṇañca upadisati. Tattha bhagavā ugghaṭitaññussa adhipaññāsikkhaṃ paññāpayati, adhicittaṃ vipañcitaññussa, adhisīlaṃ neyyassa.
809其中,那些依苦行道、迟通达或速通达而导出的人,这是两种人。那些依乐行道、迟通达或速通达而导出的人,这是另外两种人。就这样,原本是四种人,就变成了三种:略说即知者、广说即知者和可引导者。
Tattha ye dukkhāya paṭipadāya dandhābhiññāya khippābhiññāya ca niyyanti, ime dve puggalā. Ye sukhāya paṭipadāya dandhābhiññāya khippābhiññāya ca niyyanti. Ime dve puggalā. Iti kho cattāri hutvā tīṇi bhavanti ugghaṭitaññū vipañcitaññū neyyoti.
810对于这三种人,他们的杂染是这些:三种不善根——贪是不善根、瞋是不善根、痴是不善根;三种恶行——身恶行、语恶行、意恶行;三种不善寻——欲寻、恚寻、害寻;三种不善想——欲想、恚想、害想;三种颠倒想——常想、乐想、我想;三种受——乐受、苦受、不苦不乐受;三种苦性——苦苦性、行苦性、坏苦性;三种火——贪火、瞋火、痴火;三种箭——贪箭、瞋箭、痴箭;三种结——贪结、瞋结、痴结;三种不善审察——不善的身业、不善的语业、不善的意业;三种失败——戒的失败、见的失败、行的失败。对于这三种人,他们的净化是这些:三种善根——无贪是善根、无瞋是善根、无痴是善根;三种善行——身善行、语善行、意善行;三种善寻——出离寻、无恚寻、无害寻;三种定——有寻有伺定、无寻唯伺定、无寻无伺定;三种善想——出离想、无恚想、无害想;三种不颠倒想——无常想、苦想、无我想;三种善审察——善的身业、善的语业、善的意业;三种清净——身清净、语清净、意清净;三种成就——戒成就、定成就、慧成就;三种学——增上戒学、增上心学、增上慧学;三种蕴——戒蕴、定蕴、慧蕴;三种解脱门——空、无相、无愿。
Tesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ ayaṃ saṃkileso, tīṇi akusalamūlāni lobho akusalamūlaṃ doso akusalamūlaṃ moho akusalamūlaṃ , tīṇi duccaritāni – kāyaduccaritaṃ vacīduccaritaṃ manoduccaritaṃ; tayo akusalavitakkā – kāmavitakko byāpādavitakko vihiṃsāvitakko; tisso akusalasaññā – kāmasaññā byāpādasaññā vihiṃsāsaññā; tisso viparītasaññā – niccasaññā sukhasaññā attasaññā; tisso vedanā – sukhā vedanā dukkhā vedanā adukkhamasukhā vedanā; tisso dukkhatā – dukkhadukkhatā saṅkhāradukkhatā vipariṇāmadukkhatā; tayo aggī – rāgaggi dosaggi mohaggi; tayo sallā – rāgasallo dosasallo mohasallo; tisso jaṭā – rāgajaṭā dosajaṭā mohajaṭā; tisso akusalūpaparikkhā – akusalaṃ kāyakammaṃ akusalaṃ vacīkammaṃ akusalaṃ manokammaṃ. Tisso vipattiyo – sīlavipatti diṭṭhivipatti ācāravipattīti. Tesaṃ tiṇṇaṃ puggalānaṃ idaṃ vodānaṃ. Tīṇi kusalamūlāni – alobho kusalamūlaṃ adoso kusalamūlaṃ amoho kusalamūlaṃ. Tīṇi sucaritāni – kāyasucaritaṃ vacīsucaritaṃ manosucaritaṃ. Tayo kusalavitakkā – nekkhammavitakko abyāpādavitakko avihiṃsāvitakko. Tayo samādhī – savitakko savicāro samādhi avitakko vicāramatto samādhi avitakko avicāro samādhi. Tisso kusalasaññā – nekkhammasaññā abyāpādasaññā avihiṃsāsaññā. Tisso aviparītasaññā – aniccasaññā dukkhasaññā anattasaññā. Tisso kusalūpaparikkhā – kusalaṃ kāyakammaṃ kusalaṃ vacīkammaṃ kusalaṃ manokammaṃ. Tīṇi soceyyāni – kāyasoceyyaṃ vacīsoceyyaṃ manosoceyyaṃ; tisso sampattiyo – sīlasampatti samādhisampatti paññāsampatti. Tisso sikkhā – adhisīlasikkhā adhicittasikkhā adhipaññāsikkhā; tayo khandhā – sīlakkhandho samādhikkhandho paññākkhandho. Tīṇi vimokkhamukhāni – suññataṃ animittaṃ appaṇihitanti.
811这样,四个成了三个,三个成了两个:被渴爱引导的人与被见引导的人。
Iti kho cattāri hutvā tīṇi bhavanti, tīṇi hutvā dve bhavanti taṇhācarito ca diṭṭhicarito ca.
812对于这两种人,他们的杂染是这些:渴爱、无明、无惭、无愧、失念、不正知、不如理作意、懈怠、不堪受教、我慢、我所慢、不信、放逸、不听闻正法、不防护、贪欲、瞋恚、盖、结、忿怒、怨恨、覆藏、恼害、嫉妒、悭吝、诳惑、谄曲、常见、断见。
Tesaṃ dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ ayaṃ saṃkileso, taṇhā ca avijjā ca ahirikañca anottappañca assati ca asampajaññañca ayoniso manasikāro ca kosajjañca dovacassañca ahaṃkāro ca mamaṃkāro ca assaddhā ca pamādo ca asaddhammassavanañca asaṃvaro ca abhijjhā ca byāpādo ca nīvaraṇañca saṃyojanañca kodho ca upanāho ca makkho ca palāso ca issā ca maccherañca māyā ca sāṭheyyañca sassatadiṭṭhi ca ucchedadiṭṭhicāti.
813对于这两种人,他们的净化是这些:止、观、惭、愧、念、正知、如理作意、精进、易于受教、法智、类智、尽智、无生智、信、不放逸、听闻正法、防护、无贪、无瞋、离贪的心解脱、离无明的慧解脱、通达、少欲、知足、无忿、无怨恨、不覆藏、不恼害、舍断嫉妒、舍断悭吝、明、解脱、有所缘为行的解脱、有所缘为无行的解脱、有余依涅槃界、无余依涅槃界。
Tesaṃ dvinnaṃ puggalānaṃ idaṃ vodānaṃ, samatho ca vipassanā ca hirī ca ottappañca sati ca sampajaññañca yoniso manasikāro ca vīriyārambho ca sovacassañca dhamme ñāṇañca anvaye ñāṇañca khaye ñāṇañca anuppāde ñāṇañca saddhā ca appamādo ca saddhammassavanañca saṃvaro ca anabhijjhā ca abyāpādo ca rāgavirāgā ca cetovimutti avijjāvirāgā ca paññāvimutti abhisamayo ca appicchatā ca santuṭṭhi ca akkodho ca anupanāho ca amakkho ca apalāso ca issāpahānañca macchariyappahānañca vijjā ca vimutti ca saṅkhatārammaṇo ca vimokkho asaṅkhatārammaṇo ca vimokkho saupādisesā ca nibbānadhātu anupādisesā ca nibbānadhātūti.
814这被称为三钩刺棒的引导与钩的引导的立足处。因此说:‘他从不善的根本引导’,以及‘用观察诸方的眼睛观看后’。
Ayaṃ vuccati tipukkhalassa ca nayassa aṅkusassa ca nayassa bhūmīti. Tenāha ‘‘yo akusale samūlehi netī’’ti ‘‘oloketvā disalocanenā’’ti ca.
815所定道生起
Niyuttaṃ nayasamuṭṭhānaṃ.
816教立足处
Sāsanapaṭṭhānaṃ
89在那里,十八根本句应于何处见?在教法的立足处。在那里,什么是教法的立足处?杂染部分的经、习气部分的经、通达部分的经、无学部分的经;又属于杂染且习气部分的经、属于杂染且通达部分的经、属于杂染且无学部分的经、属于杂染且通达且无学部分的经、属于杂染且习气且通达部分的经;属于习气且通达部分的经;属于渴爱杂染部分的经、属于见杂染部分的经、属于恶行杂染部分的经;属于渴爱净化部分的经、属于见净化部分的经、属于恶行净化部分的经。
Tattha aṭṭhārasa mūlapadā kuhiṃ daṭṭhabbā? Sāsanapaṭṭhāne. Tattha katamaṃ sāsanapaṭṭhānaṃ? Saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ, vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ, nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ, asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ, saṃkilesabhāgiyañca vāsanābhāgiyañca suttaṃ, saṃkilesabhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ, saṃkilesabhāgiyañca asekkhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ, saṃkilesabhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca asekkhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ, saṃkilesabhāgiyañca vāsanābhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ, vāsanābhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ, taṇhāsaṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ, diṭṭhisaṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ, duccaritasaṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ, taṇhāvodānabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ, diṭṭhivodānabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ, duccaritavodānabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
818这当中,杂染有三种:渴爱杂染、邪见杂染、恶行杂染。其中,渴爱杂染通过止修而得清净,那个止修就是定蕴。邪见杂染通过观修而得清净,那个观修就是慧蕴。恶行杂染通过善行而得清净,那个善行就是戒蕴。对于那位安住在戒中的人,如果对种种生存界生起了执著,那么这样一来,这个止观修习所成的福业事,就会导向投生到那里。这四部经,被整理成共通的之后,就成为八部;那八部经再被整理成共通的之后,就成为十六部。
Tattha saṃkileso tividho – taṇhāsaṃkileso diṭṭhisaṃkileso duccaritasaṃkileso. Tattha taṇhāsaṃkileso samathena visujjhati, so samatho samādhikkhandho. Diṭṭhisaṃkileso vipassanāya visujjhati, sā vipassanā paññākkhandho. Duccaritasaṃkileso sucaritena visujjhati, taṃ sucaritaṃ sīlakkhandho. Tassa sīle patiṭṭhitassa yadi āsatti uppajjati bhavesu, evaṃ sāyaṃ samathavipassanā bhāvanāmayaṃ puññakriyavatthu bhavati tatrūpapattiyā saṃvattati. Imāni cattāri suttāni, sādhāraṇāni katāni aṭṭha bhavanti, tāniyeva aṭṭha suttāni sādhāraṇāni katāni soḷasa bhavanti.
819借着这十六种经的剖析,九种经就被剖析了。应该用偈颂来类推偈颂,用记说来类推记说,用经来类推经。
Imehi soḷasahi suttehi bhinnehi navavidhaṃ suttaṃ bhinnaṃ bhavati. Gāthāya gāthā anuminitabbā, veyyākaraṇena veyyākaraṇaṃ anuminitabbaṃ. Suttena suttaṃ anuminitabbaṃ.
90这之中,什么是属于杂染部分的经?
Tattha katamaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ?
821被欲望蒙蔽,被网所笼罩,
‘‘Kāmandhā jālasañchannā, taṇhāchadanachāditā;
822被渴爱的遮蔽所覆盖,被放逸的绳索捆绑,就像鱼在鱼笼的入口;
Pamattabandhanā baddhā, macchāva kumināmukhe;
823老与死追随他们,恰如小牛追着正在哺乳的母牛。
Jarāmaraṇamanventi, vaccho khīrapakova mātara’’nti.
824此是杂染分经
Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
825比丘们,有这四种不当的行为方式。哪四种?因贪欲而行不当,因嗔恚而行不当,因愚痴而行不当,因恐惧而行不当。比丘们,这就是四种不当的行为方式。世尊说了这番话,善逝说了这番话后,接着导师又说了:
Cattārimāni , bhikkhave, agatigamanāni. Katamāni cattāri? Chandāgatiṃ gacchati, dosāgatiṃ gacchati, mohāgatiṃ gacchati, bhayāgatiṃ gacchati. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri agatigamanāni. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato, athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
826“因贪欲、嗔恚、恐惧、愚痴,而践踏正法的人,
‘‘Chandā dosā bhayā mohā, yo dhammaṃ ativattati;
827他的名声会衰败,就像月亮在暗半个月渐渐隐没。”
Nihīyati tassa yaso, kāḷapakkheva candimā’’ti.
828此是杂染分经
Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
829“一切法以意为前导,以意为主导,以意所造作。
‘‘Manopubbaṅgamā dhammā, manoseṭṭhā manomayā;
830如果以被污染的心,去说话或行动,
Manasā ce paduṭṭhena, bhāsati vā karoti vā;
831那么痛苦就跟着他,就像车轮紧跟着拉车牛的脚步。”
Tato naṃ dukkhamanveti, cakkaṃva vahato pada’’nti.
832此是杂染分经
Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
833“‘当一个人昏沉、贪食、嗜睡,翻来覆去地躺着,就像一头被饲料喂养的大猪,这愚人一次又一次地入胎。’”
‘‘Middhī yadā hoti mahagghaso ca, niddāyitā samparivattasāyī;
834“在此,世尊的意趣是什么?那些想要厌离老死的人,他们在食物上会知量,在诸根上会守护门,初夜和后夜会致力于修习觉醒,成为观照者,对善法心怀恭敬,并对同梵行者中的长老、新学和中辈也都心怀恭敬。这就是世尊在此的意趣。”
Mahāvarāhova nivāpapuṭṭho, punappunaṃ gabbhamupeti mando’’ti.
835此是杂染分经
Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
836如盗贼在破门处被抓,因己业被杀被绑;如是死后在他世,此众因己业被杀被绑。
‘‘Ayasāva malaṃ samuṭṭhitaṃ, tatuṭṭhāya tameva khādati;
837如此行为极度放逸者,那些业将他们带往恶趣。
Evaṃ atidhonacārinaṃ, sāni kammāni nayanti duggati’’nti.
838此是杂染分经
Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
839如盗贼在门口被捉,因自己的业而被杀、被缚;
‘‘Coro yathā sandhimukhe gahīto, sakammunā haññati bajjhate ca;
840如此此人死后在来世,因自己的业而被杀、被缚。
Evaṃ ayaṃ pecca pajā parattha, sakammunā haññati bajjhate cā’’ti.
841此是杂染分经
Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
842一切众生都想要快乐,谁若用棍棒去伤害他们;
‘‘Sukhakāmāni bhūtāni, yo daṇḍena vihiṃsati;
843他为自己寻求快乐,死后便得不到快乐。
Attano sukhamesāno, pecca so na labhate sukha’’nti.
844此是杂染分经
Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
845如果领头的牛正快步行走,却走错了路;
‘‘Gunnaṃ ce taramānānaṃ, jimhaṃ gacchati puṅgavo;
846当领路者走上错路时,所有的牛也都会跟着走错。
Sabbā tā jimhaṃ gacchanti, nette jimhaṃ gate sati.
847在人类当中,情形也是一样,那个人若是被公认为最优秀者;
‘‘Evameva manussesu, yo hoti seṭṭhasammato;
848如果连他都行于非法,那其余的人就更不用说了;
So ce adhammaṃ carati, pageva itarā pajā;
849整个国家都活在痛苦中,如果国王不行正法。
Sabbaṃ raṭṭhaṃ dukkhaṃ seti, rājā ce hoti adhammiko’’ti.
850此是杂染分经
Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
851这些人为贪着所染,造作恶业,实在可悲;他们将堕入那恐怖、剧烈、无间的地狱,众生共聚之处。
‘‘Sukiccharūpāvatime manussā, karonti pāpaṃ upadhīsu rattā;
852他们前往众人聚集处,前往无间地狱,痛苦而可怖。
Gacchanti te bahujanasannivāsaṃ, nirayaṃ avīciṃ kaṭukaṃ bhayānaka’’nti.
853此是杂染分经
Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
854芭蕉结果便毁了自己,竹子结果毁了自己,芦苇结果也毁了自己;恭敬供养会毁掉那卑劣之人,正如胎驹毁掉母骡一样。
‘‘Phalaṃ ve kadaliṃ hanti, phalaṃ veḷuṃ phalaṃ naḷaṃ;
855恭敬杀死恶人,如同胎儿杀死骡子。
Sakkāro kāpurisaṃ hanti, gabbho assatariṃ yathā’’ti.
856此是杂染分经
Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
857瞋恚、覆藏、贪婪的比丘,贪求利养恭敬;
‘‘Kodhamakkhagaru bhikkhu, lābhasakkāragāravo ;
858就像在好田里播下腐烂的种子,它不会在正法中生长。
Sukhette pūtibījaṃva, saddhamme na virūhatī’’ti.
859此是杂染分经
Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
91比丘们,在这里,我以心这样遍知某个心意邪恶之人的心:'这个人现在的举止、他所修行的道路、他踏上的途径——如果他在此刻死去,他就会像被抬走放置一样,必定堕入地狱。那是什么原因呢?比丘们,因为他的心是邪恶的。比丘们,正是由于心的败坏,一些众生在这里,在身体破裂、死后,会投生到苦界、恶趣、堕处、地狱。' 这是世尊所说的义理,对此,是这样说的:
‘‘Idhāhaṃ, bhikkhave, ekaccaṃ puggalaṃ paduṭṭhacittaṃ evaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāmi, (yathā kho ayaṃ puggalo iriyati, yañca paṭipadaṃ paṭipanno, yañca maggaṃ samārūḷho) . Imamhi cāyaṃ samaye kālaṃ kareyya, yathābhataṃ nikkhitto, evaṃ niraye. Taṃ kissa hetu? Cittaṃ hissa, bhikkhave, paduṭṭhaṃ , cetopadosahetu kho pana, bhikkhave, evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā apāyaṃ duggatiṃ vinipātaṃ nirayaṃ upapajjantī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca, tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
861在这里,了知某个人的心意邪恶之后,
‘‘Paduṭṭhacittaṃ ñatvāna, ekaccaṃ idha puggalaṃ;
862佛陀在比丘们面前,阐释了这层义理;
Etamatthañca byākāsi, buddho bhikkhūna santike;
863如果这个人在此刻死去,
Imamhi cāyaṃ samaye, kālaṃ kayirātha puggalo;
864他将会投生地狱,因为他的心已被败坏;
Nirayaṃ upapajjeyya, cittaṃ hissa padūsitaṃ;
865因为心的污染,众生确实会堕入恶趣。
Cetopadosahetu hi, sattā gacchanti duggatiṃ.
866正如放下携带之物,同样那样的人也是如此;
Yathābhataṃ nikkhipeyya, evameva tathāvidho;
867在那愚人身体坏灭之后,他会投生地狱。
Kāyassa bhedā duppañño, nirayaṃ sopapajjatī’’ti.
868这个道理也是世尊所说,如是我闻。
Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā iti me sutanti.
869此是杂染分经
Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
870如果你们害怕苦,如果你们不喜欢苦;
‘‘Sace bhāyatha dukkhassa, sace vo dukkhamappiyaṃ;
871就不要做恶业,不论公开还是私下。
Mākattha pāpakaṃ kammaṃ, āvi vā yadi vā raho.
872如果你们做了恶业,或是正在做,
‘‘Sace ca pāpakaṃ kammaṃ, karissatha karotha vā;
873你们就无法从痛苦中脱身,即使逃跑也逃不掉。
Na vo dukkhā pamutyatthi, upeccapi palāyata’’nti.
874此是杂染分经
Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
875通过非法和妄语获取财富,
‘‘Adhammena dhanaṃ laddhā, musāvādena cūbhayaṃ;
876愚人以为‘这是我的’,那怎么可能实现呢?
Mameti bālā maññanti, taṃ kathaṃ nu bhavissati.
877阻碍必定会出现,积蓄的财富会毁灭;
‘‘Antarāyā su bhavissanti, sambhatassa vinassati;
878死后去不了天界,难道不就彻底毁掉了吗?
Matā saggaṃ na gacchanti, nanu ettāvatā hatā’’ti.
879此是杂染分经
Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
880「一个人怎样挖掘自己?一个人怎样因朋友们而衰败?
‘‘Kathaṃ khaṇati attānaṃ, kathaṃ mittehi jīrati;
881一个人怎样背离法?一个人怎样不去天界?」
Kathaṃ vivaṭṭate dhammā, kathaṃ saggaṃ na gacchati.
882「因为贪欲而挖掘自己,贪婪的人因朋友们而衰败;
‘‘Lobhā khaṇati attānaṃ, luddho mittehi jīrati;
883因为贪欲而背离法,因为贪欲而不去天界。」
Lobhā vivaṭṭate dhammā, lobhā saggaṃ na gacchatī’’ti.
884此是杂染分经
Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
885「那些愚昧、无智的人四处游走,把自己当作怨敌一样;
‘‘Caranti bālā dummedhā, amitteneva attanā;
886他们造作恶业,那会结出苦涩的果实。」
Karontā pāpakaṃ kammaṃ, yaṃ hoti kaṭukapphalaṃ .
887“做了以后会后悔的那种行为,不算善行;
‘‘Na taṃ kammaṃ kataṃ sādhu, yaṃ katvā anutappati;
888他会泪流满面,哭着承受苦果。”
Yassa assumukho rodaṃ, vipākaṃ paṭisevatī’’ti.
889此是杂染分经
Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
890“没有智慧的人去过出家修行生活,既艰难又难以忍受;
‘‘Dukkaraṃ duttitikkhañca, abyattena ca sāmaññaṃ;
891那里有太多的障碍,愚人就会在其中沉没。
Bahū hi tattha sambādhā, yattha bālo visīdati.
892在如来宣讲利益与法的时候,
‘‘Yo hi atthañca dhammañca, bhāsamāne tathāgate;
893如果愚人对他生起嗔恨,那么他的生命就白白浪费了。”
Manaṃ padosaye bālo, moghaṃ kho tassa jīvitaṃ.
894尊者,我应当承受这果报,以及比这更痛苦的苦。
‘‘Etañcāhaṃ arahāmi, dukkhañca ito ca pāpiyataraṃ bhante;
895我,一个未离贪欲的人,对无量的诸如来心生恼害。
Yo appameyyesu tathāgatesu, cittaṃ padosemi avītarāgo’’ti.
896此是杂染分经
Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
897试图测量那不可测量的,智者怎会在此妄加分别?
‘‘Appameyyaṃ paminanto, kodha vidvā vikappaye;
898我认为,那些衡量不可测量者的人,是被无明覆盖、没有闻法智慧的。
Appameyyaṃ pamāyinaṃ , nivutaṃ taṃ maññe akissava’’nti.
899此是杂染分经
Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
900人一出生,口中就生出一把斧头。
‘‘Purisassa hi jātassa, kuṭhārī jāyate mukhe;
901愚人因说出恶语,便用这把斧头砍伤自己。
Yāya chindati attānaṃ, bālo dubbhāsitaṃ bhaṇaṃ.
902就像一把磨得锋利的刀,或是剧毒一般,
‘‘Na hi satthaṃ sunisitaṃ, visaṃ halāhalaṃ iva;
903说错的话也是如此,会让人堕落毁灭。
Evaṃ viraddhaṃ pāteti, vācā dubbhāsitā yathā’’ti.
904此是杂染分经
Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
905谁去称赞那该受责备的,或是去责备那该受称赞的,
‘‘Yo nindiyaṃ pasaṃsati, taṃ vā nindati yo pasaṃsiyo.
906他就是在用嘴为自己积攒不幸,因这不幸,他找不到快乐。
Vicināti mukhena so kaliṃ, kalinā tena sukhaṃ na vindati.
907在赌局中输掉钱财,这种不幸还不算大;
‘‘Appamatto ayaṃ kali, yo akkhesu dhanaparājayo;
908连同自己所有的一切,甚至把自身都赔进去——这才是更大的不幸。
Sabbassāpi sahāpi attanā, ayameva mahantataro kali;
909对善逝心生恶意的人。
Yo sugatesu manaṃ padosaye.
910六千秭六百三十六,加上五个阿菩陀;
‘‘Sataṃ sahassānaṃ nirabbudānaṃ, chattiṃsatī pañca ca abbudāni;
911那毁谤圣者的人,以邪恶的言语和心意,便会堕入地狱。”
Yamariyagarahī nirayaṃ upeti, vācaṃ manañca paṇidhāya pāpaka’’nti.
912此是杂染分经
Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
913凡是追随贪欲功德的人,都会用言语辱骂他人;
‘‘Yo lobhaguṇe anuyutto, so vacasā paribhāsati aññe;
914无信、吝啬、不行布施,悭贪、并且惯于搬弄是非。
Assaddho kadariyo avadaññū, macchari pesuṇiyaṃ anuyutto.
915口出恶言、衰败、非圣者,毁灭善根者、行恶者、做坏事的人;
‘‘Mukhadugga vibhūta anariya, bhūnahu pāpaka dukkaṭakāri;
916你这个人啊,是个下劣的儿子,别在这里多嘴多舌了,你是地狱众生。
Purisanta kalī avajātaputta , mā bahubhāṇidha nerayikosi.
917你为自己招来灾祸,撒下灰尘,你是个作恶的人,却去责备那些寂静者;
‘‘Rajamākirasī ahitāya, sante garahasi kibbisakārī;
918你造作了许许多多的恶行之后,将长久地堕入断崖绝壁。
Bahūni duccaritāni caritvā, gacchasi kho papataṃ ciraratta’’nti.
919此是杂染分经
Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
920其中,什么是有习气分的经?
Tattha katamaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ?
921诸法以意为前导,以意为最胜,由意所成;
‘‘Manopubbaṅgamā dhammā, manoseṭṭhā manomayā;
922如果带着清净的信心,或以它来说话,或以它来行动;
Manasā ce pasannena, bhāsati vā karoti vā;
923然后快乐会跟随着他,像影子一样从不离开。
Tato naṃ sukhamanveti, chāyāva anapāyinī’’ti .
924此是习气分经
Idaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
93释迦族的摩诃男对世尊这样说:“尊者,这迦毗罗卫城繁荣富裕、人口众多、人群密集。尊者,我在傍晚时分进入迦毗罗卫城,拜访世尊或那些令心修习的比丘们之后,有时会和大象相遇,有时和马相遇,有时和车相遇,有时和货车相遇,有时和人相遇。在那个时候,尊者,我对于世尊的念就忘失了,对于法的念忘失了,对于僧的念忘失了。于是我就想:‘如果我在这个时候死去,我的趣向会是哪里,我来生又会怎样?’”
Mahānāmo sakko bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘idaṃ, bhante, kapilavatthu iddhañceva phītañca bāhujaññaṃ ākiṇṇamanussaṃ sambādhabyūhaṃ, so kho ahaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ vā payirupāsitvā manobhāvanīye vā bhikkhū sāyanhasamayaṃ kapilavatthuṃ pavisanto bhantenapi hatthinā samāgacchāmi, bhantenapi assena samāgacchāmi, bhantenapi rathena samāgacchāmi, bhantenapi sakaṭena samāgacchāmi, bhantenapi purisena samāgacchāmi, tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, tasmiṃ samaye mussateva bhagavantaṃ ārabbha sati, mussati dhammaṃ ārabbha sati, mussati saṅghaṃ ārabbha sati. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, evaṃ hoti ‘imamhi cāhaṃ sāyanhasamaye kālaṃ kareyyaṃ, kā mayhaṃ gati, ko abhisamparāyo’’’ti.
926“摩诃男,不要害怕,不要害怕,你的死不会是恶的,你的命终不会是不善的。摩诃男,具足四法的圣弟子,是倾向涅槃、斜向涅槃、投向涅槃的。是哪四法呢?摩诃男,在此,圣弟子对佛陀具有不坏净信:‘那位世尊是阿拉汉……(中略)……佛陀、世尊。’对法……(中略)……对僧……(中略)……具足圣者所爱的戒,无毁……(中略)……能导向定。摩诃男,就像一棵树倾向东方、斜向东方、投向东方,如果树根被切断,它会朝哪个方向倒下呢?”“尊者,它倾向哪个方向,就会朝那个方向倒下。”“同样的道理,摩诃男,具足这四法的圣弟子,是倾向涅槃、斜向涅槃、投向涅槃的。摩诃男,不要害怕,不要害怕,你的死不会是恶的,你的命终不会是不善的。”
‘‘Mā bhāyi, mahānāma, mā bhāyi, mahānāma, apāpakaṃ te maraṇaṃ bhavissati, apāpikā kālaṅkiriyā. Catūhi kho, mahānāma, dhammehi samannāgato ariyasāvako nibbānaninno hoti nibbānapoṇo nibbānapabbhāro. Katamehi catūhi? Idha, mahānāma, ariyasāvako buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti, itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ…pe… buddho bhagavāti. Dhamme…pe… saṅghe…pe… ariyakantehi sīlehi samannāgato hoti akhaṇḍehi…pe… samādhisaṃvattanikehi. Seyyathāpi, mahānāma, rukkho pācīnaninno pācīnapoṇo pācīnapabbhāro, so mūlacchinno katamena papateyyā’’ti? ‘‘Yena, bhante, ninno yena poṇo yena pabbhāro’’ti. ‘‘Evameva kho, mahānāma, imehi catūhi dhammehi samannāgato ariyasāvako nibbānaninno hoti nibbānapoṇo nibbānapabbhāro. Mā bhāyi, mahānāma, mā bhāyi, mahānāma, apāpakaṃ te maraṇaṃ bhavissati, apāpikā kālaṅkiriyā’’ti.
927此是习气分经
Idaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
928凡是有情都想要快乐,谁若不用棍棒伤害他们,
‘‘Sukhakāmāni bhūtāni, yo daṇḍena na hiṃsati;
929寻求自己的快乐,他死后会获得快乐。
Attano sukhamesāno, pecca so labhate sukha’’nti.
930此是习气分经
Idaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
931当牛群正快速奔走时,领头牛走的是直路;
‘‘Gunnañce taramānānaṃ, ujuṃ gacchati puṅgavo;
932当准绳被正直地安放时,所有这些都会沿着直线走。
Sabbā tā ujuṃ gacchanti, nette ujuṃ gate sati.
933同样地,在人类当中,那个被大家公认最优秀的人,
‘‘Evameva manussesu, yo hoti seṭṭhasammato;
934如果他行持正法,那其他人就更不用说了;
So sace dhammaṃ carati, pageva itarā pajā;
935如果国王是具法者,整个国家都会安稳幸福。
Sabbaṃ raṭṭhaṃ sukhaṃ seti, rājā ce hoti dhammiko’’ti.
936此是习气分经
Idaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
94世尊住在沙瓦提城的揭答林给孤独园。那时,许多比丘正在为世尊处理袈裟的事务,他们说:“等袈裟做好了,世尊过完三个月雨安居,就要外出云游了。”那时,伊西达答和布拉纳这两位工匠主管,因为一些事务正住在萨给答城。他们听说了:“听说许多比丘在为世尊处理袈裟事务。等袈裟做好了,世尊过完三个月雨安居,就要外出云游了。”
Bhagavā sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū bhagavato cīvarakammaṃ karonti ‘‘niṭṭhitacīvaro bhagavā temāsaccayena cārikaṃ pakkamissatī’’ti. Tena kho pana samayena isidattapurāṇā thapatayo sākete paṭivasanti kenaci deva karaṇīyena. Assosuṃ kho isidattapurāṇā thapatayo ‘‘sambahulā kira bhikkhū bhagavato cīvarakammaṃ karonti. Niṭṭhitacīvaro bhagavā temāsaccayena cārikaṃ pakkamissatī’’ti.
938于是,伊西达答和布拉纳这两位工匠主管,在路上安排了一个人,吩咐说:“喂,伙计,你什么时候看见世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者来了,就马上来通知我们。”那人在那里停留了两三天后,远远地看见世尊来了。看到之后,他就去到伊西达答和布拉纳两位工匠主管那里,到了之后,对他们说:“尊者,那位世尊、阿拉汉、正自觉者来了,现在您们觉得什么时候方便就去吧。”
Atha kho isidattapurāṇā thapatayo magge purisaṃ ṭhapesuṃ ‘‘yadā tvaṃ ambho purisa passeyyāsi bhagavantaṃ āgacchantaṃ arahantaṃ sammāsambuddhaṃ, atha amhākaṃ āroceyyāsī’’ti. Dvīhatīhaṃ ṭhito kho so puriso addasa bhagavantaṃ dūratova āgacchantaṃ, disvāna yena isidattapurāṇā thapatayo tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā isidattapurāṇe thapatayo etadavoca ‘‘ayaṃ so bhante bhagavā āgacchati arahaṃ sammāsambuddho, yassadāni kālaṃ maññathā’’ti.
939那时,石匠伊西达德和补罗那来到世尊那里。到了之后,礼敬世尊,然后紧紧跟在世尊身后。那时,世尊离开道路,走到一棵树下。到了之后,在敷设好的座位上坐下。石匠伊西达德和补罗那礼敬世尊后,坐在一边。坐在一边的石匠伊西达德和补罗那对世尊这样说:
Atha kho isidattapurāṇā thapatayo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṃsu, upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā bhagavantaṃ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhiṃsu. Atha kho bhagavā maggā okkamma yena aññataraṃ rukkhamūlaṃ tenupasaṅkami, upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Isidattapurāṇā thapatayo bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu, ekamantaṃ nisinnā kho isidattapurāṇā thapatayo bhagavantaṃ etadavocuṃ –
940“尊者,每当我们听说‘世尊将离开沙瓦提城,去高沙喇国游化’时,那时候我们就心生不快,感到忧恼:‘世尊离我们将很远。’而每当我们听说‘世尊已经离开沙瓦提城,去高沙喇国游化了’,那时候我们就心生不快,感到忧恼:‘世尊离我们很远。’……
‘‘Yadā mayaṃ bhante bhagavantaṃ suṇoma ‘sāvatthiyā kosalesu cārikaṃ pakkamissatī’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye anattamanatā hoti domanassaṃ ‘dūre no bhagavā bhavissatī’ti. Yadā pana mayaṃ bhante bhagavantaṃ suṇoma ‘sāvatthiyā kosalesu cārikaṃ pakkanto’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye anattamanatā hoti domanassaṃ ‘dūre no bhagavā’ti…pe….
941“尊者,每当我们听说‘世尊将去咖西国、马嘎塔国游化’时,那时候我们就心生不快,感到忧恼:‘世尊离我们将很远。’而每当我们听说‘世尊已经去咖西国、马嘎塔国游化了’,那时候我们就有极大的不快,极大的忧恼:‘世尊离我们很远。’
‘‘Yadā pana mayaṃ bhante bhagavantaṃ suṇoma ‘kāsīsu magadhesu cārikaṃ pakkamissatī’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye anattamanatā hoti domanassaṃ ‘dūre no bhagavā bhavissatī’ti . Yadā pana mayaṃ bhante bhagavantaṃ suṇoma ‘kāsīsu magadhesu cārikaṃ pakkanto’ti, anappakā no tasmiṃ samaye anattamanatā hoti anappakaṃ domanassaṃ ‘dūre no bhagavā’ti.
942“尊者,而每当我们听说‘世尊将从马嘎塔国、咖西国来游化’时,那时候我们就心生欢喜,感到喜悦:‘世尊离我们将很近。’而每当我们听说‘世尊已经从马嘎塔国、咖西国出发游化了’,那时候我们就心生欢喜,感到喜悦:‘世尊离我们很近。’……
‘‘Yadā pana mayaṃ bhante bhagavantaṃ suṇoma ‘magadhesu kāsīsu cārikaṃ pakkamissatī’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye attamanatā hoti somanassaṃ ‘āsanne no bhagavā bhavissatī’ti. Yadā pana mayaṃ bhante bhagavantaṃ suṇoma ‘magadhesu kāsīsu cārikaṃ pakkanto’ti, hoti no tasmiṃ samaye attamanatā hoti somanassaṃ ‘āsanne no bhagavā’ti…pe….
943“尊者,而每当我们听说‘世尊将去高沙喇国、来沙瓦提城游化’时,那时候我们就心生欢喜,感到喜悦:‘世尊离我们将很近。’
‘‘Yadā pana mayaṃ bhante bhagavantaṃ suṇoma ‘kosalesu sāvatthiṃ cārikaṃ pakkamissatī’ti. Hoti no tasmiṃ samaye attamanatā hoti somanassaṃ ‘āsanne no bhagavā bhavissatī’ti.
944“尊者,而每当我们听说‘世尊正住在沙瓦提城的揭德林给孤独园’时,那时候我们就感到极大的欢喜,极大的喜悦:‘世尊离我们很近。’”
‘‘Yadā pana mayaṃ bhante bhagavantaṃ suṇoma ‘sāvatthiyaṃ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme’ti hoti anappakā no tasmiṃ samaye attamanatā, hoti anappakaṃ somanassaṃ ‘āsanne no bhagavā’’’ti.
945“因此,工匠们,居家是拥挤的,是尘埃之道;出家则是开阔的空间。工匠们,你们也确实应当不放逸。”“可是大德,对我们来说,还有比这种拥挤更拥挤、更算得上拥挤的另一种拥挤吗?”“那么工匠们,你们所说的,比这种拥挤更拥挤、更算得上拥挤的另一种拥挤是什么呢?”
‘‘Tasmātiha, thapatayo, sambādho gharāvāso rajāpatho, abbhokāso pabbajjā, alañca pana vo, thapatayo, appamādāyā’’ti. ‘‘Atthi kho no, bhante, etamhā sambādhā añño sambādho sambādhataro ceva sambādhasaṅkhātataro cā’’ti? ‘‘Katamo pana vo, thapatayo, etamhā sambādhā añño sambādho sambādhataro ceva sambādhasaṅkhātataro cā’’ti?
946“大德,在这里,每当拘萨罗国的巴谢那地王想去游乐园地时,我们就会去准备好那些属于拘萨罗国巴谢那地王的、可以骑乘的大象,然后把拘萨罗国巴谢那地王那些可爱、合意的王妃们,一个安排坐在前面,一个安排坐在后面。大德,那些姐姐妹妹们,她们身上的气味是这样:就像刚打开不久的香匣那样,因为那是用香料装饰着的王家公主们。大德,那些姐姐妹妹们,她们身体的触感是这样:就像软绵团或木绵团那样,因为那是被娇养长大的王家公主们。但是大德,在那时候,大象也必须被守好;那些姐姐妹妹们也必须被守好;自己本身也必须被守好。然而大德,我们不记得曾对那几位姐姐妹妹们生起过不好的念头。大德,对我们来说,这就是比那种拥挤更拥挤、更算得上拥挤的另一种拥挤。”
‘‘Idha mayaṃ, bhante, yadā rājā pasenadi kosalo uyyānabhūmiṃ niyyātukāmo hoti, ye te rañño pasenadissa kosalassa nāgā opavayhā, te kappetvā yā tā rañño pasenadissa kosalassa pajāpatiyo piyā manāpā, tā ekaṃ purato ekaṃ pacchato nisīdāpema, tāsaṃ kho pana, bhante, bhaginīnaṃ evarūpo gandho hoti. Seyyathāpi nāma gandhakaraṇḍakassa tāvadeva vivariyamānassa, yathā taṃ rājakaññānaṃ gandhena vibhūsitānaṃ. Tāsaṃ kho pana, bhante, bhaginīnaṃ evarūpo kāyasamphasso hoti, seyyathāpi nāma tūlapicuno vā kappāhapicuno vā, yathā taṃ rājakaññānaṃ sukhedhitānaṃ. Tasmiṃ kho pana, bhante, samaye nāgopi rakkhitabbo hoti. Tāpi bhaginiyo rakkhitabbā hoti. Attāpi rakkhitabbā hoti. Na kho pana mayaṃ, bhante, abhijānāma tāsu bhagīnisu pāpakaṃ cittaṃ ñappādentā, ayaṃ kho no, bhante, etamhā sambādhā añño sambādho sambādhataro ceva sambādhasaṅghātataro cāti.
947“因此,工匠们,居家是拥挤的,是尘埃之道;出家则是开阔的空间。工匠们,你们也确实应当不放逸。工匠们,具足四法的圣弟子是入流者,不堕恶道,决定,以正觉为最终归宿。”
‘‘Tasmātiha , thapatayo, sambādho gharāvāso rajāpatho, abbhokāso pabbajjā. Alañca pana vo, thapatayo, appamādāya. Catūhi kho thapatayo, dhammehi samannāgato ariyasāvako sotāpanno hoti avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo.
948“是哪四法呢?工匠们,这里,多闻的圣弟子对佛具足不坏净信:‘这位世尊也是阿拉汉……乃至……佛、世尊。’对法……乃至……对僧……乃至……他以离垢、离悭的意乐住在家中,放手施舍,净手好施,乐于舍弃,有求必应,乐于分施与共享,不有所保留。工匠们,具足这四法,圣弟子就是入流者,不堕恶道,决定,以正觉为最终归宿。”
‘‘Katamehi catūhi? Idha, thapatayo, sutavā ariyasāvako buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgato hoti itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ…pe… buddho bhagavāti, dhamme…pe… saṅghe…pe… vigatamalamaccherena cetasā agāraṃ ajjhāvasati, muttacāgo payatapāṇi vossaggarato yācayogo dānasaṃvibhāgarato appaṭivibhattaṃ. Imehi kho, thapatayo, catūhi dhammehi samannāgato ariyasāvako sotāpanno hoti avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo.
949“工匠们,你们对佛具足不坏净信:‘这位世尊也是阿拉汉……乃至……佛、世尊。’对法……乃至……对僧……乃至……再者,凡家中任何可施之物,你们全都无保留地分施给持戒、有善法的人。工匠们,你们认为如何?在拘萨罗国当中,能在布施与分享方面与你们相提并论的人,有几种呢?”“大德,我们得到了利养!大德,我们善得了利养!世尊是这样地了解我们。”
‘‘Tumhe kho, thapatayo, buddhe aveccappasādena samannāgatā itipi so bhagavā arahaṃ…pe… buddho bhagavāti, dhamme…pe… saṅghe…pe… yaṃ kho pana kiñci kule deyyadhammaṃ, sabbaṃ taṃ appaṭivibhattaṃ sīlavantehi kalyāṇadhammehi, taṃ kiṃ maññatha, thapatayo, katividhā te kosalesu manussā ye tumhākaṃ samasamā yadidaṃ dānasaṃvibhāgehī’’ti? ‘‘Lābhā no, bhante, suladdhaṃ no, bhante, yesaṃ no bhagavā evaṃ pajānātī’’ti.
950此是习气分经
Idaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
951“放弃了一朵花之后,一百千万亿劫……”
‘‘Ekapupphaṃ cajitvāna , sahassaṃ kappakoṭiyo.
952在天界和人间,他凭着残余的已般涅槃。
Deve ceva manusse ca, sesena parinibbuto’’ti.
953此是习气分经
Idaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
954当那绿的明亮的菩提树,在完全生长了的树上;
‘‘Assatthe haritobhāse, saṃvirūḷhamhi pādape;
955我一心专注,获得了关于佛的一个想;
Ekaṃ buddhagataṃ saññaṃ, alabhiṃtthaṃ patissato.
956从那以后,至今三十劫,我不记得有过堕入恶趣;
‘‘Ajja tiṃsaṃ tato kappā, nābhijānāmi duggatiṃ;
957三明已亲自证得,由此想的习气也已消尽。
Tisso vijjā sacchikatā, tassā saññāya vāsanā’’ti.
958此是习气分经
Idaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
959那位无上士,为了托钵进入了憍萨罗城;
‘‘Piṇḍāya kosalaṃ puraṃ, pāvisi aggapuggalo;
960充满悲悯的、在午前用餐之前就摧毁了渴爱的牟尼。
Anukampako purebhattaṃ, taṇhānighātako muni.
961男人手中的花环,被各种花朵装饰着,
‘‘Purisassa vaṭaṃsako hatthe, sabbapupphehilaṅkato;
962他见到了正自觉者,由比丘僧团围绕在前,
So addasāsi sambuddhaṃ, bhikkhusaṅghapurakkhataṃ.
963正沿着王路进入,受到天与人恭敬供养,
‘‘Pavisantaṃ rājamaggena, devamānusapūjitaṃ;
964他满心欢喜,让心净信之后,走近了正自觉者。
Haṭṭho cittaṃ pasādetvā, sambuddhamupasaṅkami.
965他把那个芬芳的、色泽美妙的、令人愉悦的花环,
‘‘So taṃ vaṭaṃsakaṃ surabhiṃ, vaṇṇavantaṃ manoramaṃ;
966他满怀信心,用双手向正自觉者致敬。
Sambuddhassupanāmesi, pasanno sehi pāṇibhi.
967接着,佛陀说话间,一道火焰般的光芒
‘‘Tato aggisikhā vaṇṇā, buddhassa lapanantarā;
968像千道闪电那样,从口中放出来。
Sahassaraṃsi vijjuriva, okkā nikkhami ānanā.
969右绕致敬之后,在太阳族人的头顶上,
‘‘Padakkhiṇaṃ karitvāna, sīse ādiccabandhuno;
970旋转了三圈,便消失于头顶。
Tikkhattuṃ parivaṭṭetvā, muddhanantaradhāyatha.
971看见这个奇迹,不可思议,令人毛发竖立。
‘‘Idaṃ disvā acchariyaṃ, abbhutaṃ lomahaṃsanaṃ;
972阿难整理好袈裟,这样说道:
Ekaṃsaṃ cīvaraṃ katvā, ānando etadabravi.
973“善业的因是什么?请为我解说,大牟尼!”
‘‘‘Ko hetu sitakammassa, byākarohi mahāmune;
974“法光将会出现,请为我们消除疑惑,牟尼!”
Dhammāloko bhavissati, kaṅkhaṃ vitara no mune.
975“那个在一切法上,智慧恒常运转的人,”
‘‘‘Yassa taṃ sabbadhammesu, sadā ñāṇaṃ pavattati;
976“对那个有疑惑、犹豫的长老阿难,这样说道:”
Kaṅkhiṃ vematikaṃ theraṃ, ānandaṃ etadabravi.
977“阿难啊,那个人,他对我的心生起净信,”
‘‘‘Yo so ānanda puriso, mayi cittaṃ pasādayi;
978八万四千劫中,他不会堕入恶趣。
Caturāsītikappāni, duggatiṃ na gamissati.
979‘在天上,他将享有天神的殊胜福报,统理天界王权;
‘‘‘Devesu devasobhaggaṃ, dibbaṃ rajjaṃ pasāsiya;
980在人间,他将成为人主,为一国之君。'
Manujesu manujindo, rājā raṭṭhe bhavissati.
981‘他在最后一生出家之后,亲自证悟了法性;
‘‘‘So carimaṃ pabbajitvā, sacchikatvāna dhammataṃ;
982他将成为一位独觉佛,断尽渴爱,名为“花鬘”。’
Paccekabuddho dhutarāgo, vaṭaṃsako nāma bhavissati.
983‘于净信之心,没有所谓微少的布施;’
‘‘‘Natthi citte pasannamhi, appakā nāma dakkhiṇā;
984对于如来、正自觉者,或是对于他的声闻弟子,
Tathāgate vā sambuddhe, atha vā tassa sāvake.
985“佛陀是如此不可思议,佛的功德也如此不可思议;
‘‘‘Evaṃ acintiyā buddhā, buddhadhammā acintiyā;
986对于这不可思议生起净信的人,其果报同样不可思议。”
Acintiye pasannānaṃ, vipāko hoti acintiyo’’’ti.
987此是习气分经
Idaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
96“在此,诸比丘,我以心洞察某个具净信的人,这样了知:‘依照此人现在的举止、所行之道、所履之途,若他在此刻命终,就会像被安放好的那样往生天界。那是什么缘故呢?诸比丘,因为他的心是净信的。正是由于心净信,有些众生在此处身坏命终之后,便投生善趣、天界。’”这个义理,世尊宣说了。关于它,《如是语》中这样说:
‘‘Idhāhaṃ, bhikkhave, ekaccaṃ puggalaṃ pasannacittaṃ evaṃ cetasā ceto paricca pajānāmi ‘‘(yathā kho ayaṃ puggalo iriyati, yañca paṭipadaṃ paṭipanno, yañca maggaṃ samārūḷho) . Imamhi cāyaṃ samaye kālaṃ kareyya, yathābhataṃ nikkhitto evaṃ sagge. Taṃ kissa hetu? Cittaṃ hissa, bhikkhave, pasannaṃ, cetopasādahetu kho pana evamidhekacce sattā kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjantī’’ti. Etamatthaṃ bhagavā avoca, tatthetaṃ iti vuccati –
989“了知此处某人具净信心,
‘‘Pasannacittaṃ ñatvāna, ekaccaṃ idha puggalaṃ;
990佛陀为诸比丘解说了这个义理。”
Etamatthañca byākāsi, buddho bhikkhūna santike.
991在此时,这个人死去了;
‘‘Imamhi cāyaṃ samaye, kālaṃ kayirātha puggalo;
992往生天界,因为他的心是净信的。
Saggamhi upapajjeyya, cittaṃ hissa pasāditaṃ.
993因为心的净信,众生去往善趣;
‘‘Cetopasādahetu hi, sattā gacchanti suggatiṃ;
994如同把带来的东西放下,那样的人也是如此;
Yathābhataṃ nikkhipeyya, evamevaṃ tathāvidho;
995身体破裂之后,有智慧的人便往生天界。
Kāyassa bhedā sappañño, saggaṃ so upapajjatī’’ti.
996这个义理也为世尊所说,‘如是我闻’。
‘‘Ayampi attho vutto bhagavatā iti me suta’’nti.
997此是习气分经
Idaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
998你这位女子,登上了金覆盖的船,站在那里;
‘‘Suvaṇṇacchadanaṃ nāvaṃ, nāri āruyha tiṭṭhasi;
999你浸入池塘,用手采摘莲花。
Ogāhasi pokkharaṇiṃ, padmaṃ chindasi pāṇinā.
1000是什么让你有这样的美貌、威力和光辉?
‘‘Kena te tādiso vaṇṇo, ānubhāvo juti ca te;
1001而且任何你心意所想的财富都会为你出现。
Uppajjanti ca te bhogā, ye keci manasicchitā.
1002女神啊,你被问到了,请说吧:这是什么样的业的果报?
‘‘Pucchitā devate saṃsa, kissa kammassidaṃ phalaṃ;
1003那位女神被天王询问后,满心欢喜。
Sā devatā attamanā, devarājena pucchitā.
1004帝释问的问题,她给予了回答——如是我闻。
‘‘Pañhaṃ puṭṭhā viyākāsi, sakkassa iti me sutaṃ;
1005我走在旅途中,见到一座美丽动人的塔。
Addhānaṃ paṭipannāhaṃ, disvā thūpaṃ manoramaṃ.
1006在那里,我对声名远扬的迦叶生起了净信。
‘‘Tattha cittaṃ pasādesiṃ, kassapassa yasassino;
1007我用花供养他,满怀净信地用我自己的花。
Paddhapupphehi pūjesiṃ, pasannā sehi tasseva;
1008这就是业的果报,行善者得到这样的果报。
Kammassa phalaṃ vipāko, etādisaṃ katapuññā labhantī’’ti.
1009此是习气分经
Idaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1010布施论、戒论、天论、功德论、功德果报论。
‘‘Dānakathā sīlakathā saggakathā puññakathā puññavipākakathā’’ti;
1011此是习气分经
Idaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1012而且,即使对那些有目的的(塔)沙堆,那些属于十力拥有者的(人们),在那里做了该做的,人们在各种天界中也感到欢喜。
‘‘Apicāpi paṃsuthūpesu uddissakatesu dasabaladharānaṃ tatthapi kāraṃ katvā saggesu narā pamodantī’’ti.
1013此是习气分经
Idaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1014天人的身体肤色,全部都是幸运者的安立。
‘‘Devaputtasarīravaṇṇā, sabbe subhagasaṇṭhitī.
1015用水将沙润湿后,你们应当扩建迦叶的塔。
Udakena paṃsuṃ temetvā, thūpaṃ vaḍḍhetha kassapaṃ.
1016这个对于善逝者、对于善逝来说的塔,是伟大仙人、持十力法者的;
‘‘Ayaṃ sugatte sugatassa thūpo, mahesino dasabaladhammadhārino;
1017对于此,那些心净信的天人和人们,做了该做的后,从老与死中解脱。
Tasmiṃ ime devamanujā pasannā, kāraṃ karontā jarāmaraṇā pamuccare’’ti.
1018此是习气分经
Idaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1019那确实曾经是极大的,我对于这伟大仙人的塔;
‘‘Uḷāraṃ vata taṃ āsi, yāhaṃ thūpaṃ mahesino;
1020我供奉了四朵青莲花和一个花环。
Uppalāni ca cattāri, mālañca abhiropayiṃ.
1021从那时至今三十劫,我都不曾堕入恶趣。
‘‘Ajja tiṃsaṃ tato kappā, nābhijānāmi duggatiṃ;
1022因为供养了世尊的塔,我不会堕入恶趣。
Vinipātaṃ na gacchāmi, thūpaṃ pūjetva satthuno’’ti.
1023此是习气分经
Idaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1024具足三十二相,战胜一切,世间的庇护者。
‘‘Bāttiṃsalakkhaṇadharassa, vijitavijayassa lokanāthassa;
1025在十万劫前,我满怀欢喜地供养了塔。
Satasahassaṃ kappe, mudito thūpaṃ apūjesi.
1026以我所积累的福德,天神啊,我获得了无比的荣光。
‘‘Yaṃ mayā pasutaṃ puññaṃ, tena ca puññena deva sobhaggaṃ;
1027有王权与种种作为,却不会落入恶趣。
Rajjāni ca kāritāni, anāgantuna vinipātaṃ.
1028那只眼睛,在调伏未调伏者的教法中,被这样安立好了。
‘‘Yaṃ cakkhu adantadamakassa, sāsane paṇihitaṃ tathā;
1029我的心,那全体,在已解脱的心中已经获得,抖落了整束羁绊。
Cittaṃ taṃ me sabbaṃ, laddhaṃ vimuttacittamhi vidhūtalato’’ti.
1030此是习气分经
Idaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1031仅仅一钵稗子饭,确实献给了独觉佛作为供养。
‘‘Sāmākapatthodanamattameva hi, paccekabuddhamhi adāsi dakkhiṇaṃ.
1032在解脱的、无秽的、无漏的、住于无诤的、没有执着的心智中。
Vimuttacitte akhile anāsave, araṇavihārimhi asaṅgamānase.
1033我使他对最上的法生了信心,又将心意安立在那法中;
‘‘Tasmiñca okappayi dhammamuttamaṃ, tasmiñca dhamme paṇidhesiṃ mānasaṃ;
1034与这样安住的人,我也许会有相会;在任何生存状态,都不要有期盼。
Evaṃ vihārīhi me saṅgamo siyā, bhave kudāsupi ca mā apekkhavā.
1035正因那业的果报,我千次投生为龟;
‘‘Tasseva kammassa vipākato ahaṃ, sahassakkhattuṃ kurusūpapajjatha ;
1036在那长寿、无我所、殊胜、高迈的众生中。
Dīghāyukesu amamesu pāṇisu, visesagāmīsu ahīnagāmisu.
1037正因那业的果报,我千次投生到三十三天;
‘‘Tasseva kammassa vipākato ahaṃ, sahassakkhattuṃ tidasopapajjatha;
1038在那佩戴着种种花鬘、璎珞、涂香,身相殊妙、享有盛誉的天神中。
Vicitramālābharaṇānulepisu, visiṭṭhakāyūpagato yasassisu.
1039正因那业的果报,我心解脱,无嗔恨,无烦恼;
‘‘Tasseva kammassa vipākato ahaṃ, vimuttacitto akhilo anāsavo;
1040我和这些持最后身的人,有过这样那样的相遇。
Imehi me antimadehadhāribhi, samāgamo āsihi tāhi tāsihi.
1041如来、胜者亲自这样说:‘持戒的人,所愿求的一切都会成就;’
‘‘Paccakkhaṃ khvimaṃ avaca tathāgato jino, samijjhate sīlavato yadicchati;
1042‘随着我的心意如何思考,就这样成就了,这是最后一生。’
Yathā yathā me manasā vicintitaṃ, tathā samiddhaṃ ayamantimo bhavo’’ti.
1043此是习气分经
Idaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1044‘在三十一劫前,有一位不动摇的胜者、无限知见的世尊,名叫尸弃佛;
‘‘Ekatiṃsamhi kappamhi jino anejo, anantadassī bhagavā sikhīti;
1045‘那时,他的兄弟——一位国王,对尸弃佛、对佛陀与法生起了清净的信心;
Tassāpi rājā bhātā sikhiddhe , buddhe ca dhamme ca abhippasanno.
1046‘当世间导师般涅槃后,他建造了一座广大宏伟的塔。’
‘‘Parinibbute lokavināyakamhi, thūpaṃ sakāsi vipulaṃ mahantaṃ;
1047周围一迦乌达的范围,属于大圣者、天中之天、人中至尊。
Samantato gāvutikaṃ mahesino, devātidevassa naruttamassa.
1048在那时,一个人拿着供养,欢喜地举起天生的茉莉花;
‘‘Tasmiṃ manusso balimābhihārī, paggayha jātisumanaṃ pahaṭṭho;
1049风吹落了一朵花,我接住它,然后给了他。
Vātena pupphaṃ patitassa ekaṃ, tāhaṃ gahetvāna tasseva dāsi.
1050他内心净信,对我说:‘这朵花就给你吧;’
‘‘So maṃ avocābhipasannacitto, tuyhameva etaṃ pupphaṃ dadāmi;
1051我接过来,供养出去,一遍又一遍地忆念着佛陀。
Tāhaṃ gahetvā abhiropayesiṃ, punappunaṃ buddhamanussaranto.
1052从今起三十劫以来,我不记得有过恶趣;
‘‘Ajja tiṃsaṃ tato kappā, nābhijānāmi duggatiṃ;
1053我不会堕入恶趣,这就是供养塔庙的果报。
Vinipātañca na gacchāmi, thūpapūjāyidaṃ phala’’nti.
1054此是习气分经
Idaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1055有一座名叫卡毗罗的城市,大道规划完善;
‘‘Kapilaṃ nāma nagaraṃ, suvibhattaṃ mahāpathaṃ;
1056人口稠密、繁荣富足,是梵授王的国都。
Ākiṇṇamiddhaṃ phītañca, brahmadattassa rājino.
1057在那里,般遮罗国的最胜城中,我卖着麦饼;
‘‘Kummāsaṃ vikkiṇiṃ tattha, pañcālānaṃ puruttame;
1058我看见了等正觉者,他立于高处,具足荣耀。
Sohaṃ addasiṃ sambuddhaṃ, upariṭṭhaṃ yasassinaṃ.
1059我心情愉悦,让信心清净后,就邀请这位人中至尊;
‘‘Haṭṭho cittaṃ pasādetvā, nimantesiṃ naruttamaṃ;
1060我用常供的食物,把我家中的阿利塔供养了。
Ariṭṭhaṃ dhuvabhattena, yaṃ me gehamhi vijjatha.
1061然后,到了卡提卡月的满月日,满月之夜降临了。
‘‘Tato ca kattiko puṇṇo , puṇṇamāsī upaṭṭhitā;
1062我拿了一对新衣,献给了阿利塔。
Navaṃ dussayugaṃ gayha, ariṭṭhassopanāmayiṃ.
1063这位人中的佼佼者,知道我内心充满净信,便接受了供养。
‘‘Pasannacittaṃ ñatvāna, paṭiggaṇhi naruttamo;
1064他具有悲悯之心、同情之心,是那灭除渴爱的寂静者。
Anukampako kāruṇiko, taṇhānighātako muni.
1065我做了这件事,这件被佛陀所称扬的善行。
‘‘Tāhaṃ kammaṃ karitvāna, kalyāṇaṃ buddhavaṇṇitaṃ;
1066在天界和人间流转之后,从那里死后。
Deve ceva manusse ca, sandhāvitvā tato cuto.
1067在巴拉纳西城,一位富翁的独生子;
‘‘Bārāṇasiyaṃ nagare, seṭṭhissa ekaputtako;
1068我出生于富裕家庭,比生命还可爱。
Aḍḍhe kulasmiṃ uppajjiṃ, pāṇehi ca piyataro.
1069后来我长大成人,被一位天子催促;
‘‘Tato ca viññutaṃ patto, devaputtena codito;
1070从宫殿下来,我来到圆满觉悟者面前。
Pāsādā orūhitvāna, sambuddhamupasaṅkamiṃ.
1071那位乔达摩出于慈悯,为我教导了法。
‘‘So me dhammamadesayi, anukampāya gotamo;
1072苦,苦的集起,以及苦的超越。
Dukkhaṃ dukkhasamuppādaṃ, dukkhassa ca atikkamaṃ.
1073圣八支道,通向苦的止息。
‘‘Ariyaṃ aṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ, dukkhūpasamagāminaṃ;
1074四圣谛,是牟尼所教导的法。
Cattāri ariyasaccāni, muni dhammamadesayi.
1075我听了他的话语之后,便乐于在教法中安住。
‘‘Tassāhaṃ vacanaṃ sutvā, vihariṃ sāsane rato;
1076我日夜不懈怠,证得了止。
Samathaṃ paṭivijjhāhaṃ, rattindivamatandito.
1077内在与外在,那些我的烦恼漏。
‘‘Ajjhattañca bahiddhā ca, ye me vijjiṃsu āsavā;
1078他们已彻底断尽一切,不再生起。
Sabbe āsuṃ samucchinnā, na ca uppajjare puna.
1079苦已到达终点,这是最后的组合之身;
‘‘Pariyantakataṃ dukkhaṃ, carimoyaṃ samussayo;
1080生死轮回,如今再无后有。
Jātimaraṇasaṃsāro, natthidāni punabbhavo’’ti.
1081此是习气分经
Idaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
99其中,什么是导向通达的经?
Tattha katamaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ?
1083在上方、下方、一切处,他完全解脱,不再观'这就是我,我是这个';
‘‘Uddhaṃ adho sabbadhi vippamutto, ayaṃ ahasmīti anānupassī;
1084如此解脱者,度越了那往昔未曾度越的暴流,不再受后有。
Evaṃ vimutto udatāri oghaṃ, atiṇṇapubbaṃ apunabbhavāyā’’ti.
1085此是通达分经
Idaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1086“阿难,有戒行的人不需要刻意去想:‘愿我心中生起无悔。’阿难,这是法的自然法则:有戒行的人心中自然会生起无悔。阿难,心中无悔的人不需要刻意去想:‘愿我心中生起喜悦。’阿难,这是法的自然法则:心中无悔的人自然会生起喜悦。阿难,心生喜悦的人不需要刻意去想:‘愿我心中生起喜。’阿难,这是法的自然法则:心生喜悦的人自然会生起喜。阿难,心中有喜的人不需要刻意去想:‘愿我的身体变得轻安。’阿难,这是法的自然法则:心中有喜的人身体自然会变得轻安。阿难,身体轻安的人不需要刻意去想:‘愿我体验到乐。’阿难,这是法的自然法则:身体轻安的人自然会体验到乐。阿难,体验到乐的人不需要刻意去想:‘愿我心中生起定。’阿难,这是法的自然法则:体验到乐的人心中自然会生起定。阿难,得定的人不需要刻意去想:‘愿我如实知见。’阿难,这是法的自然法则:得定的人自然会如实知见。阿难,如实知见的人不需要刻意去想:‘愿我生起厌离。’阿难,这是法的自然法则:如实知见的人自然会生起厌离。阿难,生起厌离的人不需要刻意去想:‘愿我生起离欲。’阿难,这是法的自然法则:生起厌离的人自然会离欲。阿难,离欲的人不需要刻意去想:‘愿我得解脱。’阿难,这是法的自然法则:离欲的人自然得解脱。阿难,得解脱的人不需要刻意去想:‘愿解脱智见在我心中生起。’阿难,这是法的自然法则:得解脱的人心中自然会生起解脱智见。”
‘‘Sīlavato , ānanda, na cetanā karaṇīyā ‘kinti me avippaṭisāro jāyeyyā’ti. Dhammatā esā, ānanda, yaṃ sīlavato avippaṭisāro jāyeyya. Avippaṭisārinā, ānanda, na cetanā karaṇīyā ‘kinti me pāmojjaṃ jāyeyyā’ti. Dhammatā esā, ānanda, yaṃ avippaṭisārino pāmojjaṃ jāyeyya. Pamuditena, ānanda, na cetanā karaṇīyā ‘kinti me pīti jāyeyyā’ti. Dhammatā esā, ānanda, yaṃ pamuditassa pīti jāyeyya. Pītimanassa, ānanda, na cetanā karaṇīyā ‘kinti me kāyo passambheyyā’ti. Dhammatā esā, ānanda, yaṃ pītimanassa kāyo passambheyya. Passaddhakāyassa ānanda, na cetanā karaṇīyā ‘kintāhaṃ sukhaṃ vediyeyya’nti. Dhammatā esā, ānanda, yaṃ passaddhakāyo sukhaṃ vediyeyya. Sukhino ānanda, na cetanā karaṇīyā ‘kinti me samādhi jāyeyyā’ti. Dhammatā esā, ānanda, yaṃ sukhino samādhi jāyeyya. Samāhitassa ānanda, na cetanā karaṇīyā ‘kintāhaṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajāneyya’nti. Dhammatā esā, ānanda, yaṃ samāhito yathābhūtaṃ pajāneyya. Yathābhūtaṃ pajānatā , ānanda, na cetanā karaṇīyā ‘kinti me nibbidā jāyeyyā’ti. Dhammatā esā, ānanda, yaṃ yathābhūtaṃ pajānanto nibbindeyya. Nibbindantena, ānanda, na cetanā karaṇīyā ‘kinti me virāgo jāyeyyā’ti. Dhammatā esā, ānanda, yaṃ nibbindanto virajjeyya. Virajjantena ānanda na cetanā karaṇīyā ‘kinti me vimutti jāyeyyā’ti. Dhammatā esā, ānanda, yaṃ virajjanto vimucceyya. Vimuttena, ānanda, na cetanā karaṇīyā ‘kinti me vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ uppajjeyyā’ti. Dhammatā esā, ānanda, yaṃ vimuttassa vimuttiñāṇadassanaṃ uppajjeyyā’’ti.
1087此是通达分经
Idaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1088“当诸法确实显现于 精勤禅修的婆罗门时”,
‘‘Yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā, ātāpino jhāyato brāhmaṇassa.
1089“那时他所有的疑惑都会消散,因为他了知每一法及其因。”
Athassa kaṅkhā vapayanti sabbā, yato pajānāti sahetudhamma’’nti.
1090此是通达分经
Idaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1091“当诸法确实显现于 精勤禅修的婆罗门时;
‘‘Yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā, ātāpino jhāyato brāhmaṇassa;
1092那时他所有的疑惑都会消散,因为他彻见了诸缘的灭尽。”
Athassa kaṅkhā vapayanti sabbā, yato khayaṃ paccayānaṃ avedī’’ti.
1093此是通达分经
Idaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1094“你为什么要生气?不要生气,帝舍,不生气对你更好;
‘‘Kiṃnu kujjhasi mā kujjhi, akkodho tissa te varaṃ;
1095为了调伏愤怒、傲慢与蔑视,提沙啊,他才修习这梵行。
Kodhamānamakkhavinayatthaṃ hi, tissa brahmacariyaṃ vussatī’’ti.
1096此是通达分经
Idaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1097“何时我才能见到难达,住在林中,穿着粪扫衣;
‘‘Kadāhaṃ nandaṃ passeyyaṃ, āraññaṃ paṃsukūlikaṃ;
1098靠他人丢弃的残余维生,于欲乐中毫无期求。”
Aññātuñchena yāpentaṃ, kāmesu anapekkhina’’nti.
1099此是通达分经
Idaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1100“断除什么能安稳而眠,断除什么能不再忧愁;
‘‘Kiṃsu chetvā sukhaṃ seti, kiṃsu chetvā na socati;
1101乔达摩啊,您赞同扼杀哪一种事物?”
Kissassu ekadhammassa, vadhaṃ rocesi gotamāti.
1102“断除愤怒能安稳而眠,断除愤怒能不再忧愁;
‘‘Kodhaṃ chetvā sukhaṃ seti, kodhaṃ chetvā na socati;
1103忿怒有剧毒的根、有蜜般的甜美,婆罗门啊;
Kodhassa visamūlassa, madhuraggassa brāhmaṇa;
1104圣者们赞叹对它的杀伐,因为摧毁它后便不再忧愁。
Vadhaṃ ariyā pasaṃsanti, taṃ hi chetvā na socatī’’ti.
1105此是通达分经
Idaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1106什么生起了该斩杀?什么产生了该平息?
‘‘Kiṃsu hane uppatitaṃ, kiṃsu jātaṃ vinodaye;
1107智者该舍断什么?什么体证是快乐的?
Kiñcassu pajahe dhīro, kissābhisamayo sukho.
1108升起的忿怒该斩杀,产生的贪欲该平息;
‘‘Kodhaṃ hane uppatitaṃ, rāgaṃ jātaṃ vinodaye;
1109智者该舍断无明,谛的现观是快乐的。
Avijjaṃ pajahe dhīro, saccābhisamayo sukho’’ti.
1110此是通达分经
Idaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1111如同被利剑贯穿一样,像是头顶着火一般燃烧着。
‘‘Sattiyā viya omaṭṭho, ḍayhamānova matthake.
1112为了断除对感官欲望的贪爱,具念的比丘应当行脚游化。
Kāmarāgappahānāya, sato bhikkhu paribbaje.
1113如同被利剑贯穿一样,像是头顶着火一般燃烧着;
‘‘Sattiyā viya omaṭṭho, ḍayhamānova matthake;
1114为了断除有身见,具念的比丘应当行脚游化。
Sakkāyadiṭṭhippahānāya, sato bhikkhu paribbaje’’ti.
1115此是通达分经
Idaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1116一切积聚终将耗尽,一切高耸终将崩塌;
‘‘Sabbe khayantā nicayā, patanantā samussayā;
1117死亡必会降临一切,一切众生的寿命脆而不坚;
Sabbesaṃ maraṇamāgamma, sabbesaṃ jīvitamaddhuvaṃ;
1118看到死亡中的这种恐惧后,应该行善积福,因为善行会带来快乐。
Etaṃ bhayaṃ maraṇe pekkhamāno, puññāni kayirātha sukhāvahāni.
1119一切积聚都会耗尽,一切高耸都会倒塌;
‘‘Sabbe khayantā nicayā, patanantā samussayā;
1120死亡必会降临一切众生,一切众生的生命都不长久;
Sabbesaṃ maraṇamāgamma, sabbesaṃ jīvitamaddhuvaṃ;
1121看到死亡中的这种恐惧后,应当舍弃世间的诱惑,一心寻求寂静。
Etaṃ bhayaṃ maraṇe pekkhamāno, lokāmisaṃ pajahe santipekkho’’ti.
1122此是通达分经
Idaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1123牟尼们安睡得很安稳,他们不再为任何事物忧伤;
‘‘Sukhaṃ sayanti munayo, na te socanti māvidha;
1124那些心乐于禅定的人,是有慧者,极为安止、和谐安定;
Yesaṃ jhānarataṃ cittaṃ, paññavā susamāhito;
1125精进努力、意志坚定的人,能渡过难以渡过的暴流。
Āraddhavīriyo pahitatto, oghaṃ tarati duttaraṃ.
1126“远离欲想,超越一切结缚;
‘‘Virato kāmasaññāya, sabbasaṃyojanātīto ;
1127灭尽喜与有,他不在深处沉没。”
Nandibhavaparikkhīṇo , so gambhīre na sīdatī’’ti.
1128此是通达分经
Idaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1129“深信为证得涅槃的阿拉汉之法;
‘‘Saddahāno arahataṃ, dhammaṃ nibbānapattiyā;
1130恭敬听闻者获得智慧,成为不放逸、明察之人。
Sussūsaṃ labhate paññaṃ, appamatto vicakkhaṇo.
1131作适当之事、勇担责任、勤奋奋起之人,获得财富。”
Patirūpakārī dhuravā, uṭṭhātā vindate dhanaṃ;
1132因真实语而获得名声,因布施而结交朋友;
Saccena kittiṃ pappoti, dadaṃ mittāni ganthati;
1133从这个世界到另一个世界,这样死后便不忧愁。
Asmā lokā paraṃ lokaṃ, evaṃ pecca na socatī’’ti.
1134此是通达分经
Idaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1135对于断除一切束缚、彻底解脱、具足正念的你——
‘‘Sabbaganthapahīnassa, vippamuttassa te sato;
1136沙门啊,当你还在指导他人时,这事对你还不算圆满。
Samaṇassa na taṃ sādhu, yadaññamanusāsasīti.
1137无论以何种方式,交往都会产生执著;
‘‘Yena kenaci vaṇṇena, saṃvāso sakka jāyati;
1138具足智慧的人,不应用心去怜悯那样的事。
Na taṃ arahati sappañño, manasā anukampituṃ .
1139如果以清净之心教导他人什么,
‘‘Manasā ce pasannena, yadaññamanusāsati;
1140他并不会因为那份同情和怜悯而受其束缚。
Na tena hoti saṃyutto, yānukampā anuddayā’’ti.
1141此是通达分经
Idaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1142贪和嗔,以什么为根源?不乐、乐以及汗毛竖立,从哪里生起?
‘‘Rāgo ca doso ca kutonidānā, aratī ratī lomahaṃso kutojā.
1143种种心念从何而生起,就像孩童们撒放乌鸦一样?
Kuto samuṭṭhāya manovitakkā, kumārakā dhaṅkamivossajanti.
1144贪和嗔,以此为根源;不乐、乐以及汗毛竖立,从这里生起;
‘‘Rāgo ca doso ca itonidānā, aratī ratī lomahaṃso itojā;
1145种种心念从此而生起,就像孩童们撒放乌鸦一样。
Ito samuṭṭhāya manovitakkā, kumārakā dhaṅkamivossajanti.
1146生于爱著,从自身生起,犹如尼拘律树的枝干;
‘‘Snehajā attasambhūtā, nigrodhasseva khandhajā;
1147在诸欲上广泛地执着,如同蔓草在林间蔓延。
Puthu visattā kāmesu, māluvāva vitatā vane.
1148那些了知它从何因缘而生的人,便能驱除它。听啊,亚卡!
‘‘Ye naṃ pajānanti yatonidānaṃ, te naṃ vinodenti suṇohi yakkha;
1149他们渡越这难渡的洪流——过去从未曾被渡越——为了不再有后有。
Te duttaraṃ oghamimaṃ taranti, atiṇṇapubbaṃ apunabbhavāyā’’ti.
1150此是通达分经
Idaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1151难做的事啊,世尊!极难做的事啊,世尊!
‘‘Dukkaraṃ bhagavā sudukkaraṃ bhagavā’’ti;
1152即使难做他们也去做,世尊说:「我是给予欲乐者。」
‘‘Dukkaraṃ vāpi karonti, [kāmadāti bhagavā]
1153有学们安住于戒。
Sekkhā sīlasamāhitā;
1154对于坚定且具足出家的行者,知足带来安乐。
Ṭhitattā anagāriyupetassa, tuṭṭhi hoti sukhāvahā’’ti.
1155‘世尊,这知足是难得的。’
‘‘Dullabhā bhagavā yadidaṃ tuṭṭhī’’ti;
1156‘即使难得的,他们也能得到,’[世尊是赐予所欲者]
‘‘Dullabhaṃ vāpi labhanti, [kāmadāti bhagavā]
1157乐于心的寂止。
Cittavūpasame ratā;
1158乐于心的寂止;
Cittavūpasame ratā;
1159那些无论白天还是夜晚,心意都乐于修习者。
Yesaṃ divā ca ratto ca, bhāvanāya rato mano’’ti.
1160“世尊,这心确实难以安定。”
‘‘Dussamādahaṃ bhagavā yadidaṃ citta’’nti;
1161“世尊说:即使在困难中,他们也能安住其心。”
‘‘Dussamādahaṃ vāpi samādahanti, [kāmadāti bhagavā]
1162乐于诸根的寂静;
Indriyūpasame ratā;
1163乐于诸根的寂止;
Indriyūpasame ratā;
1164圣者们斩断死魔的网罗后,走向欲乐之境。”
Te chetvā maccuno jālaṃ, ariyā gacchanti kāmadā’’ti.
1165“世尊,这条道路险恶难行。”
‘‘Duggamo bhagavā visamo maggo’’ti;
1166“圣者们即使在险恶难行之路中,也走向欲乐之境。”
‘‘Duggame visame vāpi, ariyā gacchanti kāmada ;
1167那些非圣者在不平坦的路上头朝下栽倒;
Anariyā visame magge, papatanti avaṃsirā;
1168圣者们走的则是平坦的路,因为圣者即使在崎岖中也依然平坦。
Ariyānaṃ samo maggo, ariyā hi visame samā’’ti.
1169此是通达分经
Idaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1170这就是那座祇园精舍,成群的仙圣常来聚集。
‘‘Idaṃ hi taṃ jetavanaṃ, isisaṅghanisevitaṃ.
1171法王曾在此安住,带给我满怀的喜悦。
Āvutthaṃ dhammarājena, pītisañjananaṃ mama.
1172该做的事业、通达的智慧、正法、戒行和至高的生活——
‘‘Kammaṃ vijjā ca dhammo ca, sīlaṃ jīvitamuttamaṃ;
1173众生正是依此而得清净,不是靠出身或财富。
Etena maccā sujjhanti, na gottena dhanena vā.
1174因此,智者——能看清自己利益的人——
‘‘Tasmā hi paṇḍito poso, sampassaṃ atthamattano;
1175会如理地探寻法,就这样,他在其中得到净化。
Yoniso vicine dhammaṃ, evaṃ tattha visujjhati.
1176如同舍利弗尊者,以智慧、以戒行与寂静,
‘‘Sāriputtova paññāya, sīlena upasamena ca;
1177即使是一位已到彼岸的比丘,这也算是他的最高成就了。
Yopi pāraṅgato bhikkhu, etāvaparamo siyā’’ti.
1178此是通达分经
Idaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1179不追忆过去,也不期盼未来;
‘‘Atītaṃ nānvāgameyya, nappaṭikaṅkhe anāgataṃ;
1180过去的已然舍断,未来的还未到来。
Yadatītaṃ pahīnaṃ taṃ, appattañca anāgataṃ.
1181对于当下现前的法,他处处观照;
‘‘Paccuppannañca yo dhammaṃ, tattha tattha vipassati;
1182那不可动摇、不可破坏的,智者应当反复修习。
Asaṃhīraṃ asaṃkuppaṃ, taṃ vidvā manubrūhaye.
1183今天就要全力以赴地用功,谁知道明天死亡会不会来?
‘‘Ajjeva kiccamātappaṃ , ko jaññā maraṇaṃ suve;
1184因为我们与那拥有大军的死神,并没有什么盟约。
Na hi no saṅgaraṃ tena, mahāsenena maccunā.
1185像这样安住、精进不懈,日夜都不放逸的人——
‘‘Evaṃ vihāriṃ ātāpiṃ, ahorattamatanditaṃ;
1186寂静的牟尼确实称他为'贤善的一夜'。
Taṃ ve ‘‘bhaddekaratto’’ti, santo ācikkhate munī’’ti.
1187此是通达分经
Idaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1188“比丘们,有这四种应该亲自验证的东西。哪四种呢?比丘们,有一些法应该用天眼和智慧来亲自验证;有一些法应该用忆念和智慧来亲自验证;有一些法应该用身体和智慧来亲自验证;有一些法应该用智慧来了知,用智慧来亲自验证。”
‘‘Cattārimāni , bhikkhave, sacchikātabbāni. Katamāni cattāri? Atthi, bhikkhave, dhammā cakkhunā paññāya ca sacchikātabbā, atthi dhammā satiyā paññāya ca sacchikātabbā, atthi dhammā kāyena paññāya ca sacchikātabbā, atthi dhammā paññāya veditabbā, paññāya ca sacchikātabbā.
1189“比丘们,哪些法应该用天眼和智慧来亲自验证呢?极为清净、超越人眼的天眼,应该用天眼和智慧来亲自验证。”
‘‘Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā cakkhunā paññāya ca sacchikātabbā? Dibbacakkhu suvisuddhaṃ atikkantamānusakaṃ cakkhunā paññāya ca sacchikātabbaṃ.
1190“比丘们,哪些法应该用忆念和智慧来亲自验证呢?对过去生的回忆,应该用忆念和智慧来亲自验证。”
‘‘Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā satiyā paññāya ca sacchikātabbā? Pubbenivāsānussati satiyā paññāya ca sacchikātabbā.
1191“比丘们,哪些法应该用身体和智慧来亲自验证呢?种种神通变化和灭尽定,应该用身体和智慧来亲自验证。”
‘‘Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā kāyena paññāya ca sacchikātabbā? Iddhividhā nirodhā kāyena paññāya ca sacchikātabbā.
1192“比丘们,哪些法应该用智慧来了知,用智慧来亲自验证呢?对诸漏灭尽的智慧,应该用智慧来了知,用智慧来亲自验证。”
‘‘Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā paññāya veditabbā, paññāya sacchikātabbā? Āsavānaṃ khaye ñāṇaṃ paññāya veditabbaṃ, paññāya ca sacchikātabba’’nti.
1193此是通达分经
Idaṃ nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
104其中,哪一种是属于无学部分(有关无学)的经典呢?”
Tattha katamaṃ asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ?
1195“谁的心像山一样稳固,安住不动不被摇撼;
‘‘Yassa selūpamaṃ cittaṃ, ṭhitaṃ nānupakampati;
1196在令人贪着的事物上离了贪,在令人愤怒处不生嗔怒;
Virattaṃ rajanīyesu, kopaneyye na kuppati;
1197谁的心这样修习已熟,苦又从何处能找上他呢?”
Yassevaṃ bhāvitaṃ cittaṃ, kuto naṃ dukkhamessatī’’ti.
1198此是无学分经
Idaṃ asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1199尊者舍利弗的教说,也应当以这“游方十法”的方式来解说。
Āyasmato ca sāriputtassa cārikādasamaṃ veyyākaraṇaṃ kātabbanti.
1200此是无学分经
Idaṃ asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1201“那位婆罗门,已排除诸恶法,不傲慢、无垢秽、善调御己身;
‘‘Yo brāhmaṇo bāhitapāpadhammo, nihuṃhuṅko nikkasāvo yatatto;
1202已达吠陀彼岸,圆满清净梵行,他能依法宣说那圣道之语;
Vedantagū vūsitabrahmacariyo, dhammena so brahmavādaṃ vadeyya;
1203他在任何世间都没有烦恼。
Yassussadā natthi kuhiñci loke’’ti.
1204此是无学分经
Idaṃ asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1205已去除诸恶法后,那些恒常具念而行的人。
‘‘Bāhitvā pāpake dhamme, ye caranti sadā satā;
1206灭尽结缚的觉悟者,他们确实是世间中的婆罗门。
Khīṇasaṃyojanā buddhā, te ve lokasmi brāhmaṇā’’ti.
1207此是无学分经
Idaṃ asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1208在那里,水、地、火、风都没有立足处。
‘‘Yattha āpo ca pathavī, tejo vāyo na gādhati;
1209在那里,群星不闪耀,太阳不发光。
Na tattha sukkā jotanti, ādicco nappakāsati;
1210在那里,月亮不发光,黑暗也不存在。
Na tattha candimā bhāti, tamo tattha na vijjati.
1211当牟尼以牟那亲自了知时,婆罗门啊,那时,他便从色、无色、乐、苦中解脱出来。
‘‘Yadā ca attanāvedi , muni monena brāhmaṇo;
1212那时他从色与无色,从乐与苦解脱。」
Atha rūpā arūpā ca, sukhadukkhā pamuccatī’’ti.
1213此是无学分经
Idaṃ asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1214当他对自所证法成为到达彼岸者时,婆罗门啊,那时,他便超越了这鬼魅般的、名为『帕库拉』之类的事物。
‘‘Yadā sakesu dhammesu, pāragū hoti brāhmaṇo;
1215那时他超越了这食肉鬼与老朽。」
Atha etaṃ pisācañca, pakkulañcātivattatī’’ti.
1216此是无学分经
Idaṃ asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1217「他不欢喜来者,不悲伤去者;
‘‘Nābhinandati āyantiṃ , pakkamantiṃ na socati;
1218从执着中解脱了执着的胜利者,我称他为婆罗门。
Saṅgā saṅgāmajiṃ muttaṃ, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
1219此是无学分经
Idaṃ asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1220不是因水而变得清净,许多人在这里沐浴;
‘‘Na udakena sucī hoti, bahvettha nhāyatī jano;
1221谁拥有真理和法,他才清净,他才是婆罗门。
Yamhi saccañca dhammo ca, so sucī so ca brāhmaṇo’’ti.
1222此是无学分经
Idaṃ asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1223当诸法确实显现时,对于精进、禅修的婆罗门;
‘‘Yadā have pātubhavanti dhammā, ātāpino jhāyato brāhmaṇassa;
1224他破除魔军而安住,如同太阳照亮虚空。
Vidhūpayaṃ tiṭṭhati mārasenaṃ, sūriyova obhāsayamantalikkha’’nti.
1225此是无学分经
Idaṃ asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1226请看这位平静安详地生活的具足六根者,已达三明、舍断诸法;
‘‘Santindriyaṃ passatha iriyamānaṃ, tevijjapattaṃ apahānadhammaṃ;
1227他已超越一切束缚,无所有,穿着粪扫衣而生活。
Sabbāni yogāni upātivatto, akiñcano iriyati paṃsukūliko.
1228众多殊胜的天神,来到梵天宫,以净信心礼敬那位善调御、有天生大力、应受尊敬者。
‘‘Taṃ devatā sambahulā uḷārā, brahmavimānaṃ upasaṅkamitvā;
1229礼敬您,人中良骏!礼敬您,人中至尊!我们不知您依着什么而修禅定。
Ājāniyaṃ jātibalaṃ nisedhaṃ, nidha namassanti pasannacittā.
1230这些比丘是同伴,长久以来相聚在一起;他们的正法,在佛陀所教的法中相合一致。
‘‘Namo te purisājañña, namo te purisuttama;
1231我们不知您依何而禅修?」
Yassa te nābhijānāma, kiṃ tvaṃ nissāya jhāyasī’’ti.
1232此是无学分经
Idaṃ asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1233「这些比丘是同伴,长久以来聚集在一起;
‘‘Sahāyā vatime bhikkhū, cirarattaṃ sametikā;
1234正法与他们相应,在佛陀所宣说的法中。」
Sameti nesaṃ saddhammo, dhamme buddhappavedite’’.
1235他们经由劫宾那的善巧教导,在圣者所宣说的法上得到了调伏,
‘‘Suvinītā kappinena, dhamme ariyappavedite;
1236他们持守着最后之身,已战胜了魔与魔军。
Dhārenti antimaṃ dehaṃ, jetvā māraṃ savāhini’’nti .
1237此是无学分经
Idaṃ asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1238这不是靠懈怠就能着手实践的,也不是凭微弱的力量就能完成的;
‘‘Nayidaṃ sithilamārabbha, nayidaṃ appena thāmasā;
1239涅槃须被证得,它是从一切苦中解脱的境地。
Nibbānaṃ adhigantabbaṃ, sabbadukkhappamocanaṃ .
1240这位年轻的比丘,这位最上之人,
‘‘Ayañca daharo bhikkhu, ayamuttamapuriso;
1241他维持着最后之身,战胜了连同其随从的魔军。
Dhāreti antimaṃ dehaṃ, jetvā māraṃ savāhini’’nti.
1242此是无学分经
Idaṃ asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1243摩伽罗阇,这位贫乏者穿着粗布衣,一直保持着正念;
‘‘Dubbaṇṇako lūkhacīvaro, mogharājā sadā sato;
1244他是漏尽者、离系者,该做的都已做完,没有烦恼。
Khīṇāsavo visaṃyutto, katakicco anāsavo.
1245他具有三明,成就了神通,并且善于了知他人之心;
‘‘Tevijjo iddhippatto ca, cetopariyakovido ;
1246他持守着最后之身,已战胜了魔与魔军。
Dhāreti antimaṃ dehaṃ, jetvā māraṃ savāhini’’nti.
1247此是无学分经
Idaṃ asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
105比丘们,如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者,由于对色法的厌、离贪、灭,而由无取著得解脱之故,被称为正自觉者。比丘们,就连那位慧解脱的比丘,也由于对色法的厌、离贪、灭,而由无取著得解脱之故,被称为慧解脱者。
‘‘Tathāgato, bhikkhave, arahaṃ sammāsambuddho rūpassa nibbidā virāgā nirodhā anupādā vimutto sammāsambuddhoti vuccati. Bhikkhupi, bhikkhave, paññāvimutto rūpassa nibbidā virāgā nirodhā anupādā vimutto paññāvimuttoti vuccati.
1249比丘们,如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者,由于对受的……由于对想的……由于对诸行的……由于对识的厌、离贪、灭,而由无取著得解脱之故,被称为正自觉者。比丘们,就连那位慧解脱的比丘,也由于对识的厌、离贪、灭,而由无取著得解脱之故,被称为慧解脱者。
‘‘Tathāgato, bhikkhave, arahaṃ sammāsambuddho vedanāya…pe… saññāya…pe… saṅkhārānaṃ…pe… viññāṇassa nibbidā virāgā nirodhā anupādā vimutto sammāsambuddhoti vuccati. Bhikkhupi, bhikkhave, paññāvimutto viññāṇassa nibbidā virāgā nirodhā anupādā vimutto paññāvimuttoti vuccati.
1250“比丘们,在那里,如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者与慧解脱的比丘到底有什么差别、什么不同、什么区别呢?……尊者们,法是以世尊为根源的……(省略)”
‘‘Tatra kho, bhikkhave, ko viseso ko adhippayāso kiṃ nānākaraṇaṃ tathāgatassa arahato sammāsambuddhassa paññāvimuttena bhikkhunāti? Bhagavaṃmūlakā no, bhante, dhammā…pe…
1251“比丘们,如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者是未生起的道的生起者,未产生的道的产生者,未宣说的道的宣说者;他是道的知者、道的了悟者、道的善巧者。比丘们,而如今弟子们是随顺道而住,后来才跟上的。比丘们,这就是差别,这就是不同,这就是如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者与慧解脱比丘的区别。”
‘‘Tathāgato, bhikkhave, arahaṃ sammāsambuddho anuppannassa maggassa uppādetā, asañjātassa maggassa sañjanetā, anakkhātassa maggassa akkhātā , maggaññū maggavidū maggakovido, maggānugā ca, bhikkhave, etarahi sāvakā viharanti pacchāsamannāgatā. Ayaṃ kho, bhikkhave, viseso, ayaṃ adhippayāso, idaṃ nānākaraṇaṃ tathāgatassa arahato sammāsambuddhassa paññāvimuttena bhikkhunā’’ti.
1252此是无学分经
Idaṃ asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
106其中,什么是属于杂染部分、属于习气部分、属于通达部分的经?
Tattha katamaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyañca vāsanābhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ?
1254“覆盖的会漏雨,敞开的不会漏雨;
‘‘Channamativassati , vivaṭaṃ nātivassati;
1255因此,应当打开覆盖的,这样它就不会漏雨。”
Tasmā channaṃ vivaretha, evaṃ taṃ nātivassatī’’ti.
1256“覆盖的会漏雨”是杂染,“敞开的不会漏雨”是习气,“因此,应当打开覆盖的,这样它就不会漏雨”这是杂染与习气。这就是属于杂染分以及属于习气分的经文。
‘‘Channamativassatī’’ti saṃkileso, ‘‘vivaṭaṃ nātivassatī’’ti vāsanā, ‘‘tasmā channaṃ vivaretha, evaṃ taṃ nātivassatī’’ti ayaṃ saṃkileso ca vāsanā ca. Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyañca vāsanābhāgiyañca suttaṃ.
1257“大王,世间有这四种人,他们是存在的。哪四种呢?从黑暗走向黑暗的人,从黑暗走向光明的人,从光明走向黑暗的人,从光明走向光明的人。”在这里,从光明走向黑暗的人和从黑暗走向黑暗的人,这两种人是属于杂染分的;从黑暗走向光明的人和从光明走向光明的人,这两种人是属于净化分的。这便是一部关于杂染分与净化分的经。
‘‘Cattārome, mahārāja , puggalā santo saṃvijjamānā lokasmiṃ. Katame cattāro? Tamo tamaparāyaṇo tamo jotiparāyaṇo joti tamaparāyaṇo joti jotiparāyaṇo’’ti. Tattha yo ca puggalo joti tamaparāyaṇo yo ca puggalo tamo tamaparāyaṇo, ime dve puggalā saṃkilesabhāgiyā, yo ca puggalo tamo jotiparāyaṇo yo ca puggalo joti jotiparāyaṇo, ime dve puggalā vāsanābhāgiyā. Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyañca vāsanābhāgiyañca suttaṃ.
1258那么,哪一部是具足杂染分、具足通达分、具足无学分的经呢?
Tattha katamaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca asekkhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ?
1259“智者们说,由铁、木和芦苇制成的束缚,并不坚固;
‘‘Na taṃ daḷhaṃ bandhanamāhu dhīrā, yadāyasaṃ dārujapabbajañca ;
1260迷恋执着于珠宝璎珞、子女妻子,那种期盼——”
Sārattarattā maṇikuṇḍalesu, puttesu dāresu ca yā apekkhā’’ti;
1261这就是杂染。
Ayaṃ saṃkileso.
1262这是染污。
Ayaṃ saṃkileso.
1263“智者们说,这才是坚固的束缚——让人沉沦、看似松缓却极难挣脱;
‘‘Etaṃ daḷhaṃ bandhanamāhu dhīrā, ohārinaṃ sithilaṃ duppamuñcaṃ;
1264他们也切断这个,行脚游方,没有留恋,舍弃了感官欲乐。
Etampi chetvāna paribbajanti, anapekkhino kāmasukhaṃ pahāyā’’ti.
1265这是出离。这是既与杂染相关、又与出离相关的经典。
Ayaṃ nibbedho . Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ.
107比丘们,如果思惟、如果策划,并且有随眠,这就成了识住立的所缘。有了所缘,识就有了立足处;当识确立并增长时,未来便有再生出现;由于未来再生出现,未来的生、老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼便生起。这样,整个苦蕴就集起了。
‘‘Yañca, bhikkhave, ceteti, yañca pakappeti, yañca anuseti. Ārammaṇametaṃ hoti viññāṇassa ṭhitiyā, ārammaṇe sati patiṭṭhā viññāṇassa hoti, tasmiṃ patiṭṭhite viññāṇe virūḷhe āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbatti hoti, āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbattiyā sati āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti, evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti.
1267比丘们,如果不思惟、不策划,但仍有随眠,这也成了识住立的所缘。有了所缘,识就有了立足处;当识确立并增长时,未来便有再生出现;由于未来再生出现,未来的生、老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼便生起。这样,整个苦蕴就集起了。这是杂染。
‘‘No ce, bhikkhave, ceteti, no ce pakappeti, atha ce anuseti. Ārammaṇametaṃ hoti viññāṇassa ṭhitiyā, ārammaṇe sati patiṭṭhā viññāṇassa hoti, tasmiṃ patiṭṭhite viññāṇe virūḷhe āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbatti hoti, āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbattiyā sati āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti, evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hotī’’ti. Ayaṃ saṃkileso.
1268比丘们,当既不思惟、不策划,也没有随眠时,这不成为识住立的所缘。没有所缘,识就没有立足处;识不确立、不增长,未来就没有再生出现;由于未来没有再生,未来的生、老、死、愁、悲、苦、忧、恼便灭尽。这样,整个苦蕴就灭尽了。这是出离。这是既与杂染相关、又与出离相关的经典。
‘‘Yato ca kho, bhikkhave, no ceva ceteti, no ca pakappeti, no ca anuseti. Ārammaṇametaṃ na hoti viññāṇassa ṭhitiyā, ārammaṇe asati patiṭṭhā viññāṇassa na hoti, tasmiṃ appatiṭṭhite viññāṇe avirūḷhe āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbatti na hoti, āyatiṃ punabbhavābhinibbattiyā asati āyatiṃ jātijarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotī’’ti, ayaṃ nibbedho. Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ.
108在那里,什么是既与杂染相关、又与无学相关的经典?
Tattha katamaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyañca asekkhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ?
1270“比丘们,未听闻法的凡夫说‘海、海’,但比丘们,在圣者的律中,那不是海,比丘们,那只是大积水、大汪洋。比丘们,眼就是人的海,它的流速由色所成。这是杂染。”
‘‘‘Samuddo samuddo’ti kho, bhikkhave, assutavā puthujjano bhāsati, neso, bhikkhave, ariyassa vinaye samuddo, mahā eso bhikkhave, udakarāsi mahāudakaṇṇavo. Cakkhu, bhikkhave, purisassa samuddo, tassa rūpamayo vego. Ayaṃ saṃkileso.
1271“比丘们,凡是能忍受那色所成之流速的人,就称为:已渡眼之海——有波浪、有漩涡、有鳄鱼、有罗刹,已渡过、到彼岸、站在陆地上的婆罗门。这是无学。”
‘‘Yo taṃ rūpamayaṃ vegaṃ sahati ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, atari cakkhusamuddaṃ saūmiṃ sāvaṭṭaṃ sagahaṃ sarakkhasaṃ tiṇṇo pāraṅgato thale tiṭṭhati brāhmaṇo’’ti. Ayaṃ asekkho.
1272“比丘们,耳……鼻……舌……身……意,比丘们,意是人的海,它的流速由法所成。这是杂染。”
‘‘‘Sotaṃ, bhikkhave…pe… ghānaṃ…pe… jivhā…pe… kāyo…pe… mano, bhikkhave, purisassa samuddo tassa dhammamayo vegoti. Ayaṃ saṃkileso.
1273“比丘们,凡是能忍受那法所成之流速的人,就称为:已渡意之海——有波浪、有漩涡、有鳄鱼、有罗刹,已渡过、到彼岸、站在陆地上的婆罗门。这是无学。”世尊说了这番话,善逝说了这番话后,导师又说了以下:
‘‘Yo taṃ dhammamayaṃ vegaṃ sahati, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, atari manosamuddaṃ saūmiṃ sāvaṭṭaṃ sagahaṃ sarakkhasaṃ tiṇṇo pāraṅgato thale tiṭṭhati brāhmaṇo’’ti. Ayaṃ asekkho. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato, athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
1274“凡此海,有鳄鱼、有罗刹,
‘‘Yo imaṃ samuddaṃ sagahaṃ sarakkhasaṃ,
1275有波浪、有漩涡、有怖畏、难渡,已超越;”
Saūmiṃ sāvaṭṭaṃ sabhayaṃ duttaraṃ accatari;
1276他是通达终结者、梵行已立者、通达世间者,被称为到达彼岸者。
Sa vedantagū vusitabrahmacariyo, lokantagū pāragatoti vuccatī’’ti.
1277这是无学者。这部经既属于杂染分,也属于无学分。
Ayaṃ asekkho. Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyañca asekkhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ.
1278“比丘们,世间有这六个钓钩,为了众生的不幸,为了生命的伤害。哪六个呢?比丘们,有眼所识知的色,是合意的、称心的、可人的、可爱的、与欲望相关的、诱人的,如果比丘对此随喜、赞美、执著地安住,比丘们,这就叫作比丘吞了魔的钓钩,陷入不幸,遭遇灾祸,完全落入邪恶者的任意支配之下。
‘‘Chayime, bhikkhave, baḷisā lokasmiṃ anayāya sattānaṃ byābādhāya pāṇīnaṃ. Katame cha? Santi, bhikkhave, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā, tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gilitabaḷiso mārassa anayaṃ āpanno, byasanaṃ āpanno, yathākāmaṃ karaṇīyo pāpimato.
1279“比丘们,有耳所识知的声……乃至……鼻所识知的香……乃至……舌所识知的味……乃至……身所识知的触……乃至……意所识知的法,是合意的、称心的、可人的、可爱的、与欲望相关的、诱人的,如果比丘对此随喜、赞美、执著地安住,比丘们,这就叫作比丘吞了魔的钓钩,陷入不幸,遭遇灾祸,完全落入邪恶者的任意支配之下。”这就是杂染。
‘‘Santi, bhikkhave, sotaviññeyyā saddā…pe… ghānaviññeyyā gandhā…pe… jivhāviññeyyā rasā…pe… kāyaviññeyyā phoṭṭhabbā…pe… manoviññeyyā dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā, tañce bhikkhu abhinandati abhivadati ajjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gilitabaḷiso mārassa anayaṃ āpanno, byasanaṃ āpanno, yathākāmaṃ karaṇīyo pāpimato’’ti. Ayaṃ saṃkileso.
1280“而比丘们,有眼所识知的色,是合意的、称心的、可人的、可爱的、与欲望相关的、诱人的,如果比丘对此不随喜、不赞美、不执著地安住,比丘们,这就叫作比丘没有吞魔的钓钩,他折断了钓钩,彻底破坏了钓钩,没有陷入不幸,没有遭遇灾祸,没有落入邪恶者的任意支配之下。
‘‘Santi ca, bhikkhave, cakkhuviññeyyā rūpā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā, tañce bhikkhu nābhinandati nābhivadati nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na gilitabaḷiso mārassa, abhedi baḷisaṃ, paribhedi baḷisaṃ, na anayaṃ āpanno, na byasanaṃ āpanno, na yathākāmaṃ karaṇīyo pāpimato.
1281“而比丘们,有耳所识知的声……乃至……意所识知的法,是合意的、称心的、可人的、可爱的、与欲望相关的、诱人的,如果比丘对此不随喜、不赞美、不执著地安住,比丘们,这就叫作比丘没有吞魔的钓钩,他折断了钓钩,彻底破坏了钓钩,没有陷入不幸,没有遭遇灾祸,没有落入邪恶者的任意支配之下。”这就是无学者。这部经既属于杂染分,也属于无学分。
‘‘Santi ca, bhikkhave, sotaviññeyyā saddā…pe… manoviññeyyā dhammā iṭṭhā kantā manāpā piyarūpā kāmūpasaṃhitā rajanīyā, tañce bhikkhu nābhinandati nābhivadati, nājjhosāya tiṭṭhati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, bhikkhu na gilitabaḷiso mārassa, abhedi baḷisaṃ, paribhedi baḷisaṃ, na anayaṃ āpanno, na byasanaṃ āpanno, na yathākāmaṃ karaṇīyo pāpimato’’ti. Ayaṃ asekkho. Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyañca asekkhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ.
109其中,哪一部是关涉杂染分与觉悟分的经呢?
Tattha katamaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ?
1283“这个世间被热恼所生,被触所征服,把疾病说成是‘我’;
‘‘Ayaṃ loko santāpajāto, phassapareto rogaṃ vadati attato ;
1284因为,一个人以任何方式去思量它,它便从那个样子变成了别的样子。
Yena yena hi maññati , tato taṃ hoti aññathā.
1285“本质上是变异的,这个世间执着于‘有’,被‘有’所征服,便只欢喜于‘有’;
‘‘Aññathābhāvī bhavasatto loko, bhavapareto bhavamevābhinandati;
1286他所欢喜的,那正是恐惧;
Yadabhinandati taṃ bhayaṃ;
1287他所害怕的,那正是苦。”这便是杂染。
Yassa bhāyati taṃ dukkha’’nti; Ayaṃ saṃkileso.
1288“梵行是为了彻底舍断‘有’而修持的。”这就是出离。
‘‘Bhavavippahānāya kho panidaṃ brahmacariyaṃ vussatī’’ti; Ayaṃ nibbedho;
1289“无论哪些沙门或婆罗门,主张通过‘有’来解脱‘有’,我说他们全都尚未从‘有’中解脱出来。又有那些沙门或婆罗门,主张通过‘非有’来出离‘有’,我说他们全都尚未从‘有’中出离。因为依托于执取,这种苦才会生起。”这就是杂染。
‘‘Ye hi keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā bhavena bhavassa vippamokkhamāhaṃsu, sabbe te ‘avippamuttā bhavasmā’ti vadāmi. Ye vā pana keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā vibhavena bhavassa nissaraṇamāhaṃsu, sabbe te ‘anissaṭā bhavasmā’ti vadāmi. Upadhiṃ hi paṭicca dukkhamidaṃ sambhotī’’ti. Ayaṃ saṃkileso.
1290“由于一切执取的灭尽,苦就不会再生起。”这就是出离。
‘‘Sabbupādānakkhayā natthi dukkhassa sambhavo’’ti. Ayaṃ nibbedho.
1291“看看这世间,人们被无明重重覆盖,喜爱已经出现的东西,迷恋已经存在的事物,无法从‘有’中脱身。凡是所有的‘有’,在一切地方、一切形态当中,全都是无常的、是苦的、是会变坏的东西。”这就是杂染。
‘‘Lokamimaṃ passa, puthū avijjāya paretā bhūtā bhūtaratā, bhavā aparimuttā, ye hi keci bhavā sabbadhi sabbatthatāya, sabbe te bhavā aniccā dukkhā vipariṇāmadhammā’’ti. Ayaṃ saṃkileso.
1292“当你这样如实以正慧观察的时候,
‘‘Evametaṃ yathābhūtaṃ, sammappaññāya passato;
1293对‘有’的渴爱就被舍断了,不会再去欣喜‘非有’;”
Bhavataṇhā pahīyati, vibhavaṃ nābhinandati;
1294由于彻底断尽了所有渴爱,无余离贪与灭尽,这就是涅槃。
Sabbaso taṇhānaṃ khayā, asesavirāganirodho nibbāna’’nti;
1295这是洞彻。
Ayaṃ nibbedho.
1296这是厌离。
Ayaṃ nibbedho.
1297对于那位已完全寂灭的比丘,由于没有执取,就不会再有未来的生命。
‘‘Tassa nibbutassa bhikkhuno, anupādā punabbhavo na hoti;
1298他征服了魔罗,赢得了战役,像那样不动摇的人超越了一切存在状态。
Abhibhūto māro vijitasaṅgāmo, upaccagā sabbabhavāni tādī’’ti.
1299这是无学。这段经文是有关烦恼分、通达分以及无学分的。
Ayaṃ asekkho. Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca asekkhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ.
1300“比丘们,有这四种人。哪四种?顺流行者、逆流行者、稳立者、已渡到彼岸、站在岸上的婆罗门。”这之中,那个顺流行的人,是属于烦恼分的人。这之中,那个逆流行的人以及那个稳立者,这两种人是属于通达分的人。这之中,那个已渡、到彼岸、站在岸上的婆罗门,这是无学。这段经文是有关烦恼分、通达分以及无学分的。
‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave , puggalā. Katame cattāro? Anusotagāmī paṭisotagāmī ṭhitatto tiṇṇo pāraṅgato thale tiṭṭhati brāhmaṇo’’ti. Tattha yoyaṃ puggalo anusotagāmī, ayaṃ puggalo saṃkilesabhāgiyo. Tattha yoyaṃ puggalo paṭisotagāmī yo ca ṭhitatto, ime dve puggalā nibbedhabhāgiyā. Tattha yoyaṃ puggalo tiṇṇo pāraṅgato thale tiṭṭhati brāhmaṇo, ayaṃ asekkho. Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca asekkhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ.
110在那里,什么是属于杂染分以及属于习气分的经文?
Tattha katamaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyañca vāsanābhāgiyañca suttaṃ?
1302有六种人:有的人是黑生类、黑生类者,产生黑法;有的人是黑生类、黑生类者,产生白法;有的人是黑生类、黑生类者,获得非黑非白、非黑非白果报、究竟见的涅槃;有的人是白生类、白生类者,产生黑法;有的人是白生类、白生类者,产生白法;有的人是白生类、白生类者,获得非黑非白、非黑非白果报、究竟见的涅槃。
Chaḷābhijātiko atthi puggalo kaṇho kaṇhābhijātiko kaṇhaṃ dhammaṃ abhijāyati, atthi puggalo kaṇho kaṇhābhijātiko sukkaṃ dhammaṃ abhijāyati, atthi puggalo kaṇho kaṇhābhijātiko akaṇhaṃ asukkaṃ akaṇhaasukkavipākaṃ accantadiṭṭhaṃ nibbānaṃ ārādheti, atthi puggalo sukko sukkābhijātiko kaṇhaṃ dhammaṃ abhijāyati, atthi puggalo sukko sukkābhijātiko sukkaṃ dhammaṃ abhijāyati, atthi puggalo sukko sukkābhijātiko akaṇhaṃ asukkaṃ akaṇhaasukkavipākaṃ accantadiṭṭhaṃ nibbānaṃ ārādheti.
1303其中,那个是黑生类、黑生类者而产生黑法的人,以及那个是白生类、白生类者而产生黑法的人,这两种人属于杂染部分。
Tattha yo ca puggalo kaṇho kaṇhābhijātiko kaṇhaṃ dhammaṃ abhijāyati, yo ca puggalo sukko sukkābhijātiko kaṇhaṃ dhammaṃ abhijāyati, ime dve puggalā saṃkilesabhāgiyā.
1304其中,那个是黑生类、黑生类者而产生白法的人,以及那个是白生类、白生类者而产生白法的人,这两种人属于习气部分。
Tattha yo ca puggalo kaṇho kaṇhābhijātiko sukkaṃ dhammaṃ abhijāyati, yo ca puggalo sukko sukkābhijātiko sukkaṃ dhammaṃ abhijāyati, ime dve puggalā vāsanābhāgiyā.
1305其中,那个是黑生类、黑生类者而获得非黑非白、非黑非白果报、究竟见的涅槃的人,以及那个是白生类、白生类者而获得非黑非白、非黑非白果报、究竟见的涅槃的人,这两种人属于通达部分。这就是属于杂染部分、属于习气部分、属于通达部分的经。
Tattha yo ca puggalo kaṇho kaṇhābhijātiko akaṇhaṃ asukkaṃ akaṇhaasukkavipākaṃ accantadiṭṭhaṃ nibbānaṃ ārādheti, yo ca puggalo sukko sukkābhijātiko akaṇhaṃ asukkaṃ akaṇhaasukkavipākaṃ accantadiṭṭhaṃ nibbānaṃ ārādheti, ime dve puggalā nibbedhabhāgiyā, idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyañca vāsanābhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ.
1306“比丘们,有这四种业。哪四种?有黑业、黑果报;有白业、白果报;有黑白业、黑白果报;有非黑非白业、非黑非白果报,那是最上的业、最殊胜的业,导向业的灭尽。”
‘‘Cattārimāni, bhikkhave , kammāni. Katamāni cattāri? Atthi kammaṃ kaṇhaṃ kaṇhavipākaṃ, atthi kammaṃ sukkaṃ sukkavipākaṃ, atthi kammaṃ kaṇhasukkaṃ kaṇhasukkavipākaṃ, atthi kammaṃ akaṇhaṃ asukkaṃ akaṇhaasukkavipākaṃ kammuttamaṃ kammaseṭṭhaṃ kammakkhayāya saṃvattati’’.
1307其中,那些黑业、带来黑报的业,以及那些黑白业、带来黑白报的业,这是杂染。那些白业、带来白报的业,这是功德。那些非黑非白、带来非黑非白报的业,是最上的业、最殊胜的业,能导向业的灭尽,这是出离。这就是杂染部分、功德部分与出离部分的经文。
Tattha yañca kammaṃ kaṇhaṃ kaṇhavipākaṃ, yañca kammaṃ kaṇhasukkaṃ kaṇhasukkavipākaṃ, ayaṃ saṃkileso. Yañca kammaṃ sukkaṃ sukkavipākaṃ, ayaṃ vāsanā. Yañca kammaṃ akaṇhaṃ asukkaṃ akaṇhaasukkavipākaṃ kammuttamaṃ kammaseṭṭhaṃ kammakkhayāya saṃvattati, ayaṃ nibbedho. Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyañca vāsanābhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ.
111其中,什么是功德部分和出离部分的经文呢?
Tattha katamaṃ vāsanābhāgiyañca, nibbedhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ?
1309获得了人身,有两种事:应做的事和不应做的事;
‘‘Laddhāna mānusattaṃ dve, kiccaṃ akiccameva ca;
1310应做的善事与功德,或者舍弃结缚。
Sukiccaṃ ceva puññāni, saṃyojanavippahānaṃ vā’’ti.
1311“应做的善事与功德”这是功德。“或者舍弃结缚”这是出离。
‘‘Sukiccaṃ ceva puññānī’’ti vāsanā. ‘‘Saṃyojanavippahānaṃ vā’’ti nibbedho.
1312“造作诸福德,行善者往生天界。”这是习行分。“通过断除结缚,而从老死中解脱。”这是厌离分。这部经是习行分与厌离分兼具的经典。
‘‘Puññāni karitvāna, saggā saggaṃ vajanti katapuññā’’ti vāsanā. ‘‘Saṃyojanappahānā jarāmaraṇā vippamuccantī’’ti nibbedho. Idaṃ vāsanābhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ.
1313通过断除结缚,而从老死中解脱。
Saṃyojanappahānā, jarāmaraṇā vippamuccantī’’ti.
1314做了功德之后,那些行功德的人就从天堂往天堂去。
‘‘Puññāni karitvāna, saggā saggaṃ vajanti katapuññā;
1315“诸比丘,有这两种精勤。哪两种?其一,是从在家出家、于非家修行者中,对衣、食、住、医药资具的舍离;其二,是从在家出家、于非家修行者中,一切依着的彻底舍离、渴爱灭尽、离染、灭尽、涅槃。”这其中,于在家出家、非家修行者中,对衣、食、住、医药资具的舍离,是习行分。
‘‘Dvemāni, bhikkhave, padhānāni . Katamāni dve? Yo ca agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitesu cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ pariccajati, yo ca agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitesu sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo taṇhakkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbāna’’nti. Tattha yo agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitesu cīvarapiṇḍapātasenāsanagilānapaccayabhesajjaparikkhāraṃ pariccajati, ayaṃ vāsanā.
1316于在家出家、非家修行者中,一切依着的彻底舍离、渴爱灭尽、离染、灭尽、涅槃,这是厌离分。这部经是习行分与厌离分兼具的经典。
Yo agārasmā anagāriyaṃ pabbajitesu sabbūpadhipaṭinissaggo taṇhakkhayo virāgo nirodho nibbānaṃ, ayaṃ nibbedho. Idaṃ vāsanābhāgiyañca nibbedhabhāgiyañca suttaṃ.
1317其中,属于渴爱杂染分的经典,应纯粹从渴爱的角度来解说,以三种渴爱:欲爱、有爱、无有爱。或者,心执取任何所依,就应从那个所依来解说。其详细展开,即三十六种渴爱之网的活动方式。
Tattha taṇhāsaṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ taṇhāpakkheneva niddisitabbaṃ tīhi taṇhāhi – kāmataṇhāya bhavataṇhāya vibhavataṇhāya. Yena yena vā pana vatthunā ajjhositā, tena teneva niddisitabbaṃ, tassā vitthāro chattiṃsataṇhājāliniyāvicaritāni.
1318其中,属于邪见杂染分的经典,应纯粹从邪见的角度来解说,以断见与常见。或者,凡是由于邪见而执着于任何所依,认为‘唯有这是真实的,其余都是虚妄的’,就应从那个所依来解说。其详细展开,即六十二种邪见处。
Tattha diṭṭhisaṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ diṭṭhipakkheneva niddisitabbaṃ ucchedasassatena, yena yena vā pana vatthunā diṭṭhivasena abhinivisati ‘‘idameva saccaṃ moghamañña’’nti, tena teneva niddisitabbaṃ, tassā vitthāro dvāsaṭṭhidiṭṭhigatāni.
1319关于污染分的经,应以心和心所造的业来说,也就是三种恶行:身恶行、语恶行、意恶行;它的展开是十不善业道。
Tattha duccaritasaṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ cetanāya cetasikakammena niddisitabbaṃ tīhi duccaritehi – kāyaduccaritena vacīduccaritena manoduccaritena, tassa vitthāro dasaakusalakammapathā.
1320关于爱清净分的经,应以止来说;关于见清净分的经,应以观来说;关于恶行清净分的经,应以善行来说。这就是三不善根。为什么呢?因为轮回由此转起。在这转起的轮回中,身恶行、身善行、语恶行、语善行、意恶行、意善行——通过这些不善的业异熟,便产生了这种愚者的特征。这就是污染分的经。
Tattha taṇhāvodānabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ samathena niddisitabbaṃ, diṭṭhivodānabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ vipassanā niddisitabbaṃ, duccaritavodānabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ sucaritena niddisitabbaṃ. Tīṇi akusalamūlāni. Taṃ kissa hetu? Saṃsārassa nibbattiyā. Tathā nibbatte saṃsāre kāyaduccaritaṃ kāyasucaritaṃ vacīduccaritaṃ vacīsucaritaṃ manoduccaritaṃ manosucaritaṃ iminā asubhena kammavipākena idaṃ bālalakkhaṇaṃ nibbattatīti. Idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1321通过这些善的业异熟,便产生了这种大人相。这就是习气分的经。
Iminā subhena kammavipākena idaṃ mahāpurisalakkhaṇaṃ nibbattatīti. Idaṃ vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1322关于污染分的经,应以四种烦恼层面来说:随眠层面、缠扰层面、结缚层面、取著层面。有随眠者,缠扰就会生起;缠扰者,会结成结缚;在结缚中,会形成取著;以取为缘,有有;以有为缘,有生;以生为缘,老死、愁悲苦忧恼便会生起。这样,这整个苦蕴的集起就出现了。通过这四种烦恼层面,一切烦恼都被包含、被统摄。这就是污染分的经。
Tattha saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ catūhi kilesabhūmīhi niddisitabbaṃ – anusayabhūmiyā pariyuṭṭhānabhūmiyā saṃyojanabhūmiyā upādānabhūmiyā. Sānusayassa pariyuṭṭhānaṃ jāyati, pariyuṭṭhito saṃyujjati, saṃyujjanto upādiyati, upādānapaccayā bhavo, bhavapaccayā jāti, jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti, evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti. Imāhi catūhi kilesabhūmīhi sabbe kilesā saṅgahaṃ samosaraṇaṃ gacchanti, idaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ.
1323习气分的经,应以三种善行来说;通达分的经,应以四种圣谛来说;无学分的经,应以三种法来说:佛陀法、独觉佛法、声闻地。应以禅修者的境界来说。
Vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ tīhi sucaritehi niddisitabbaṃ, nibbedhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ catūhi saccehi niddisitabbaṃ, asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ tīhi dhammehi niddisitabbaṃ – buddhadhammehi paccekabuddhadhammehi sāvakabhūmiyā. Jhāyivisaye niddisitabbanti.
112其中,什么是十八个根本范畴?世间与出世间、世间以及出世间,以众生为依止与以法为依止、以众生为依止以及以法为依止,智与所知、智以及所知,见与修、见以及修,己说与他说、己说以及他说,可解答与不可解答、可解答以及不可解答,业与果报、业以及果报,善与不善、善以及不善,允许与禁止、允许以及禁止,这就是赞叹。
Tattha katame aṭṭhārasa mūlapadā? Lokiyaṃ lokuttaraṃ lokiyañca lokuttarañca, sattādhiṭṭhānaṃ dhammādhiṭṭhānaṃ sattādhiṭṭhānañca dhammādhiṭṭhānañca, ñāṇaṃ ñeyyaṃ ñāṇañca ñeyyañca, dassanaṃ bhāvanā dassanañca bhāvanā ca, sakavacanaṃ paravacanaṃ sakavacanañca paravacanañca, visajjanīyaṃ avisajjanīyaṃ visajjanīyañca avisajjanīyañca, kammaṃ vipāko kammañca vipāko ca, kusalaṃ akusalaṃ kusalañca akusalañca, anuññātaṃ paṭikkhittaṃ anuññātañca paṭikkhittañca, thavo cāti.
1325什么是世间法?
Tattha katamaṃ lokiyaṃ?
1326「恶业不会像挤出的鲜奶那样立刻凝固;它如被灰烬覆盖的火,闷烧着,悄然追随愚人。」
‘‘Na hi pāpaṃ kataṃ kammaṃ, sajjukhīraṃva muccati;
1327它燃烧着愚者而随行,如同灰烬覆盖的火焰。」
Ḍahantaṃ bālamanveti, bhasmacchannova pāvakoti.
1328此是世间
Idaṃ lokiyaṃ.
1329「比丘们,有这四种非行之道……该人的名声会慢慢消减,就像月亮在下弦月时渐渐亏缺。」这是世间法。
‘‘Cattārimāni, bhikkhave, agatigamanāni sabbaṃ…pe… nihīyate tassa yaso kāḷapakkheva candimā’’ti. Idaṃ lokiyaṃ.
1330「比丘们,有这八种世间法。哪八种?得与不得,荣耀与不荣耀,批评与称赞,快乐与痛苦。比丘们,这些就是八种世间法。」这是世间法。
‘‘Aṭṭhime, bhikkhave, lokadhammā . Katame aṭṭha? Lābho alābho, yaso ayaso, nindā pasaṃsā, sukhaṃ dukkhaṃ. Ime kho, bhikkhave, aṭṭha lokadhammā’’ti. Idaṃ lokiyaṃ.
1331什么是出世间法?
Tattha katamaṃ lokuttaraṃ?
1332他的诸根已经平静,如同被御者善加调伏的马;对于已断除慢心、无漏的人,连诸天也对他这样的人钦慕。
‘‘Yassindriyāni samathaṅgatāni ; Assā yathā sārathinā sudantā;
1333已断慢、无漏者,诸天也羡慕那样的人。
Pahīnamānassa anāsavassa, devāpi tassa pihayanti tādino’’ti.
1334此是出世间
Idaṃ lokuttaraṃ.
1335“比丘们,有这五种出世间的根。哪五种呢?信根、精进根、念根、定根、慧根。比丘们,这些就是五种出世间的根。”这是出世间的。
‘‘Pañcimāni, bhikkhave, indriyāni lokuttarāni. Katamāni pañca? Saddhindriyaṃ vīriyindriyaṃ satindriyaṃ samādhindriyaṃ paññindriyaṃ. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, pañcindriyāni lokuttarānī’’ti. Idaṃ lokuttaraṃ.
1336其中,什么是世间的和出世间的呢?
Tattha katamaṃ lokiyañca lokuttarañca?
1337“获得人身,有两样事:应做的和不应做的。”这是两首偈颂。其中,此处所说的“善做即是福德”以及“做了福德之后,行福德者从天界走向天界”,这是世间的。
‘‘Laddhāna mānusattaṃ dve, kiccaṃ akiccameva cā’’ti dve gāthā. Yaṃ iha ‘‘sukiccaṃ ceva puññānī’’ti ca ‘‘puññāni karitvāna, saggā saggaṃ vajanti katapuññā’’ti ca. Idaṃ lokiyaṃ.
1338此中「断结」以及「由于断结,从老死解脱」,这是出世间。这是世间与出世间。
Yaṃ iha ‘‘saṃyojanavippahānaṃ vā’’ti ca ‘‘saṃyojanappahānā, jarāmaraṇā vippamuccantī’’ti ca, idaṃ lokuttaraṃ. Idaṃ lokiyañca lokuttarañca.
1339“比丘们,如果有识食,就会有名色的降入;因为有名色的降入,就会有再生;因为有再生,就会有出生;因为有出生,老、死、忧、悲、苦、愁、恼就生起。这样,整个苦蕴就集起了。比丘们,就像一棵大树,它那些往下长的根和往横里长的根,所有的这些根都往上输送养分。比丘们,这样,那棵大树靠着那个养分,靠着那个执取,就能长久地持续生长。正是这样,比丘们,有识食,就有名色的降入……(中略)……这样,整个苦蕴就集起了。这是世间的道理。”
‘‘Viññāṇe ce, bhikkhave, āhāre sati nāmarūpassa avakkanti hoti, nāmarūpassa avakkantiyā sati punabbhavo hoti, punabbhave sati jāti hoti, jātiyā sati jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā sambhavanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hoti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave , mahārukkho, tassa yāni ceva mūlāni adhogamāni yāni ca tiriyaṃ gamāni, sabbāni tāni uddhaṃ ojaṃ abhiharanti. Evaṃ hi so, bhikkhave, mahārukkho tadāhāro tadupādāno ciraṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ tiṭṭheyya. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, viññāṇe āhāre sati nāmarūpassa avakkanti hoti sabbaṃ…pe… evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa samudayo hotī’’ti. Idaṃ lokiyaṃ.
1340“比丘们,如果没有识食,名色就不会降入;因为没有名色的降入,就没有再生;因为没有再生,就没有出生;因为没有出生,老、死、忧、悲、苦、愁、恼就息灭了。这样,整个苦蕴就息灭了。比丘们,就像一棵大树,然后有一个人带着铲子和篮子走来,他把那棵树从根部砍断,砍断根部后挖开土,挖开土后把根都拔出来,连细得像灯芯草须那么小的根都不留。然后他把那棵树砍成碎块,砍成碎块后再劈开,劈开后再弄成小碎片,弄成小碎片后在风和阳光下晒干,在风和阳光下晒干后用火烧,用火烧后弄成灰烬,弄成灰烬后或者让大风吹散,或者倒入湍急的河水中冲走。比丘们,这样,那棵大树根被彻底斩断,像多罗树被砍掉树心一样,不再存在,未来再也不会生起了。正是这样,比丘们,没有识食,名色就不会降入;因为没有名色的降入……(中略)……这样,整个苦蕴就息灭了。这是出世间的道理。这就是世间和出世间的道理。”
‘‘Viññāṇe ce, bhikkhave, āhāre asati nāmarūpassa avakkanti na hoti, nāmarūpassa avakkantiyā asati punabbhavo na hoti, punabbhave asati jāti na hoti, jātiyā asati jarāmaraṇaṃ sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā nirujjhanti. Evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hoti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahārukkho atha puriso āgaccheyya kuddālapiṭakaṃ ādāya, so taṃ rukkhaṃ mūle chindeyya, mūle chetvā palikhaṇeyya, palikhaṇitvā mūlāni uddhareyya antamaso usīranāḷimattānipi. So taṃ rukkhaṃ khaṇḍākhaṇḍikaṃ chindeyya, khaṇḍākhaṇḍikaṃ chinditvā phāleyya, phāletvā sakalikaṃ sakalikaṃ kareyya, sakalikaṃ sakalikaṃ karitvā vātātape visoseyya, vātātape visosetvā agginā ḍaheyya, agginā ḍahetvā masiṃ kareyya, masiṃ karitvā mahāvāte vā ophuneyya, nadiyā vā sīghasotāya pavāheyya, evaṃ hi so, bhikkhave, mahārukkho ucchinnamūlo assa tālāvatthukato anabhāvaṃkato āyatiṃ anuppādadhammo. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, viññāṇe āhāre asati nāmarūpassa avakkanti na hoti, nāmarūpassa avakkantiyā asati sabbaṃ…pe… evametassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa nirodho hotī’’ti. Idaṃ lokuttaraṃ. Idaṃ lokiyañca lokuttarañca.
113其中,什么是以众生为立足处的教法?
Tattha katamaṃ sattādhiṭṭhānaṃ?
1342“我的心识遍寻了一切方向,在任何地方,都找不到比自己更珍爱的了。”
‘‘Sabbā disā anuparigamma cetasā, nevajjhagā piyataramattanā kvaci;
1343“每个人都是这样珍爱自己,所以,爱惜自己的人,不应伤害他人。”
Evaṃ piyo puthu attā paresaṃ, tasmā na hiṃse paramattakāmo’’ti .
1344此是有情所依
Idaṃ sattādhiṭṭhānaṃ.
1345“无论曾有过什么生命,将来还会有什么生命,他们全都会舍弃身体,走向死亡。”
‘‘Ye keci bhūtā bhavissanti ye vāpi , sabbe gamissanti pahāya dehaṃ;
1346智者了知那一切知,应当热忱地修习梵行。
Taṃ sabbajāniṃ kusalo viditvā, ātāpiyo brahmacariyaṃ careyyā’’ti.
1347此是有情所依
Idaṃ sattādhiṭṭhānaṃ.
1348比丘们,具足七支的善友,纵使被推开、被婉拒、甚至被压住脖子使劲摁,也不应终其一生舍弃他。哪七支呢?他可爱、可意、可敬、应受尊重、善于交谈、能接受批评、能做深奥的谈论,而且不会在不恰当的时候怂恿人。比丘们,正是具足这些支……不应舍弃。世尊说了这些,善逝说了这些后,接着导师又说了下面这偈——
‘‘Sattahi, bhikkhave, aṅgehi samannāgataṃ kalyāṇamittaṃ api viveciyamānena paṇāmiyamānena gale pisanamajjamānena yāvajīvaṃ na vijahitabbaṃ. Katamehi sattahi? Piyo ca hoti manāpo ca garu ca bhāvanīyo ca vattā ca vacanakkhamo ca gambhīrañca kathaṃ kattā hoti, no ca aṭṭhāne niyojeti. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, sattahi…pe… na vijahitabbaṃ. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato. Athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
1349“可爱、可敬、应受尊重,能说且能受批评,”
‘‘Piyo garu bhāvanīyo, vattā ca vacanakkhamo;
1350“作深奥的谈论,不在不恰当的时候怂恿;”
Gambhīrañca kathaṃ kattā, na caṭṭhāne niyojako;
1351“这样的朋友,为渴望朋友的人所应终其一生追随。”
Taṃ mittaṃ mittakāmena, yāvajīvampi seviya’’nti.
1352此是有情所依
Idaṃ sattādhiṭṭhānaṃ.
1353其中,什么是法立足处?
Tattha katamaṃ dhammādhiṭṭhānaṃ?
1354“世间的欲乐,以及那诸天的妙乐,
‘‘Yañca kāmasukhaṃ loke, yañcidaṃ diviyaṃ sukhaṃ;
1355比起渴爱灭尽的寂灭之乐,都不及它的十六分之一。”
Taṇhakkhayasukhassete , kalaṃ nāgghanti soḷasi’’nti.
1356此是法所依
Idaṃ dhammādhiṭṭhānaṃ.
1357“涅槃确实是至上的快乐,由正等正觉的佛陀所宣说;
‘‘Susukhaṃ vata nibbānaṃ, sammāsambuddhadesitaṃ;
1358那里无忧、无尘、安稳,一切苦在那里止息。”
Asokaṃ virajaṃ khemaṃ, yattha dukkhaṃ nirujjhatī’’ti.
1359此是法所依
Idaṃ dhammādhiṭṭhānaṃ.
1360这其中,什么是‘有情的依止处’与‘法的依止处’呢?
Tattha katamaṃ sattādhiṭṭhānañca dhammādhiṭṭhānañca
1361“杀了母亲和父亲,以及两位刹帝利国王,”
‘‘Mātaraṃ pitaraṃ hantvā, rājāno dve ca khattiye;
1362‘杀了国王及其随从’,这是以法为立足处。
Raṭṭhaṃ sānucaraṃ hantvā’’ti idaṃ dhammādhiṭṭhānaṃ.
1363‘无恼的婆罗门前行’,这是以有情为立足处。
‘‘Anīgho yāti brāhmaṇo’’ti; Idaṃ sattādhiṭṭhānaṃ;
1364这既是以有情为立足处,也是以法为立足处。
Idaṃ sattādhiṭṭhānañca dhammādhiṭṭhānañca.
1365‘比丘们,有这四种神足。是哪四种?具足欲定与勤行的神足,精进……心,具足观定与勤行的神足。’这是以法为立足处。
‘‘Cattārome, bhikkhave, iddhipādā . Katame cattāro? Chandasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgato iddhipādo, vīriya…pe… citta. Vīmaṃsāsamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgato iddhipādo’’ti. Idaṃ dhammādhiṭṭhānaṃ.
1366他把心导入身体,也把身体导入心,在身体里入于乐想和轻安想之后,具足而安住。这是以有情为立足处,这也是以有情为立足处以及以法为立足处。
So kāyepi cittaṃ samodahati, cittepi kāyaṃ samodahati, kāye sukhasaññañca lahusaññañca okkamitvā upasampajja viharati. Idaṃ sattādhiṭṭhānaṃ, idaṃ sattādhiṭṭhānañca dhammādhiṭṭhānañca.
114其中,什么是智?
Tattha katamaṃ ñāṇaṃ?
1368那出世间的智慧,因它而被称为一切知者;
‘‘Yaṃ taṃ lokuttaraṃ ñāṇaṃ, sabbaññū yena vuccati;
1369它没有退减,在任何时候都现起。
Na tassa parihānatthi, sabbakāle pavattatī’’ti.
1370此是智
Idaṃ ñāṇaṃ.
1371因为慧是世间最上的,那导向涅槃的慧;
‘‘Paññā hi seṭṭhā lokasmiṃ, yāyaṃ nibbānagāminī ;
1372依此而正确了知,生与灭的灭尽。
Yāya sammā pajānāti, jātimaraṇasaṅkhaya’’nti.
1373此是智
Idaṃ ñāṇaṃ.
1374在那里,什么是应知的?
Tattha katamaṃ ñeyyaṃ?
1375“我将为你讲述寂静,/ 陀多加啊,’ 世尊说,”
‘‘Kittayissāmi te santiṃ, [dhotakāti bhagavā,]
1376在当下可见的法中,不依赖传闻。
Diṭṭhe dhamme anītihaṃ;
1377明白了它,具念而行,就能越过世间的贪着。
Yaṃ viditvā sato caraṃ, tare loke visattikaṃ.
1378而我赞叹那最上的寂静,大仙人!
‘‘Tañcāhaṃ abhinandāmi, mahesi santimuttamaṃ;
1379明白了它,具念而行,就能越过世间的贪着。
Yaṃ viditvā sato caraṃ, tare loke visattikaṃ.
1380任何你所了知的,杜多迦啊!世尊这样说。
‘‘Yaṃ kiñci sampajānāsi, [dhotakāti bhagavā]
1381上方、下方,横向的以及中间。
Uddhaṃ adho tiriyañcāpi majjhe;
1382知道了世间中所谓的“执着”后,
Etaṃ viditvā saṅgoti loke,
1383就不要对有、无有生起渴爱了。
Bhavābhavāya mākāsi taṇha’’nti.
1384此是所知
Idaṃ ñeyyaṃ.
1385“比丘们,由于没有觉悟、没有彻底了知四圣谛,我和你们才这般长久地轮回流转。……比丘们,如今,这苦圣谛已被觉悟、被彻底了知,苦集圣谛已被觉悟、被彻底了知,苦灭圣谛已被觉悟、被彻底了知,导向苦灭的修行之道圣谛已被觉悟、被彻底了知。有的渴爱已被断除,导向有的牵引已灭尽,再没有未来再生了。”世尊这么说了,善逝说了这个之后,接着导师又说了下面的话——
‘‘Catunnaṃ, bhikkhave, ariyasaccānaṃ ananubodhā appaṭivedhā evamidaṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ sandhāvitaṃ saṃsaritaṃ mamañceva tumhākañca…pe… tayidaṃ, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ anubuddhaṃ paṭividdhaṃ, dukkhasamudayaṃ ariyasaccaṃ anubuddhaṃ paṭividdhaṃ, dukkhanirodhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ anubuddhaṃ paṭividdhaṃ, dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ anubuddhaṃ paṭividdhaṃ. Ucchinnā bhavataṇhā, khīṇā bhavanetti, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato, athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –
1386“由于不如实见到四圣谛,
‘‘Catunnaṃ ariyasaccānaṃ, yathābhūtaṃ adassanā;
1387长时间地在种种出生中流转。
Saṃsitaṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ, tāsu tāsveva jātisu.
1388“如今这些圣谛已被见到,导向有的牵引已完全拔除;”
‘‘Tāni etāni diṭṭhāni, bhavanetti samūhatā;
1389苦的根已经被斩断了,现在不再有再生。
Ucchinnaṃ mūlaṃ dukkhassa, natthi dāni punabbhavo’’ti.
1390此是所知
Idaṃ ñeyyaṃ.
1391在那里,什么是智与当知呢?‘色是无常的,受是无常的,想是无常的,行是无常的,识是无常的。’这是当知的。
Tattha katamaṃ ñāṇañca ñeyyañca? Rūpaṃ aniccaṃ, vedanā aniccā, saññā aniccā, saṅkhārā aniccā, viññāṇaṃ aniccanti. Idaṃ ñeyyaṃ.
1392像这样知、这样见的圣弟子,见到‘色是无常的’,见到‘受是无常的’,见到‘想是无常的……行是无常的……识是无常的’。这是智。
Evaṃ jānaṃ evaṃ passaṃ ariyasāvako ‘‘rūpaṃ anicca’’nti passati, ‘‘vedanā aniccā’’ti passati, ‘‘saññaṃ…pe… saṅkhāre…pe… viññāṇaṃ anicca’’nti passatīti. Idaṃ ñāṇaṃ.
1393他从色中解脱,从受中解脱,从想中解脱,从行中解脱,从识中解脱——我说,他从苦中解脱。这就是智与当知。
So parimuccati rūpena, parimuccati vedanāya, parimuccati saññāya, parimuccati saṅkhārehi, parimuccati viññāṇamhā, parimuccati dukkhasmāti vadāmīti. Idaṃ ñāṇañca ñeyyañca.
1394‘一切行都是无常的’——这是当知的。‘当以智慧看见时’——这是智。‘于是他对苦生起厌离,这就是导向清净的道’——这是智与当知。
‘‘Sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā’’ti idaṃ ñeyyaṃ. ‘‘Yadā paññāya passatī’’ti idaṃ ñāṇaṃ. ‘‘Atha nibbindati dukkhe esa maggo visuddhiyā’’ti idaṃ ñāṇañca ñeyyañca.
1395‘一切行都是苦的’——这是当知的。‘当以智慧看见时’——这是智。‘于是他对苦生起厌离,这就是导向清净的道’——这是智与当知。
‘‘Sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhā’’ti idaṃ ñeyyaṃ. ‘‘Yadā paññāya passatī’’ti idaṃ ñāṇaṃ. ‘‘Atha nibbindati dukkhe esa maggo visuddhiyā’’ti idaṃ ñāṇañca ñeyyañca.
1396“一切法无我”——这是应该被了知的。“当以智慧观照时”——这是智慧。“于是对苦生起厌离,这是通往清净的道路”——这是智慧,也是应该被了知的。
‘‘Sabbe dhammā anattā’’ti idaṃ ñeyyaṃ. ‘‘Yadā paññāya passatī’’ti idaṃ ñāṇaṃ. ‘‘Atha nibbindati dukkhe esa maggo visuddhiyā’’ti idaṃ ñāṇañca ñeyyañca.
1397“索纳,确实有一些沙门或婆罗门,对着无常、苦、会变化变坏的色,这样看待:‘我比他优越’,或这样看待:‘我和他相当’,或这样看待:‘我比他低劣’。这哪里不是没有如实见到呢?对着无常的受……对着无常的想……对着无常的诸行……对着无常、苦、会变化变坏的识,这样看待:‘我比他优越’,或这样看待:‘我和他相当’,或这样看待:‘我比他低劣’。这哪里不是没有如实见到呢?”——这是应该被了知的。
‘‘Ye hi keci, soṇa , samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā aniccena rūpena dukkhena vipariṇāmadhammena ‘seyyohamasmī’ti vā samanupassanti, ‘sadisohamasmī’ti vā samanupassanti, ‘hīnohamasmī’ti vā samanupassanti. Kimaññatra yathābhūtassa adassanā. Aniccāya vedanāya…pe… aniccāya saññāya…pe… aniccehi saṅkhārehi…pe… aniccena viññāṇena dukkhena vipariṇāmadhammena ‘seyyohamasmī’ti vā samanupassanti, ‘sadisohamasmī’ti vā samanupassanti, ‘hīnohamasmī’ti vā samanupassanti, kimaññatra yathābhūtassa adassanā’’ti. Idaṃ ñeyyaṃ.
1398“然而,索纳,确实有一些沙门或婆罗门,对着无常、苦、会变化变坏的色,既不这样看待:‘我比他优越’,也不这样看待:‘我和他相当’,也不这样看待:‘我比他低劣’。这哪里不是如实见到了呢?对着无常的受……对着无常的想……对着无常的诸行……对着无常、苦、会变化变坏的识,既不这样看待:‘我比他优越’,也不这样看待:‘我和他相当’,也不这样看待:‘我比他低劣’。这哪里不是如实见到了呢?”——这是智慧。
‘‘Ye ca kho keci, soṇa, samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā aniccena rūpena dukkhena vipariṇāmadhammena ‘seyyohamasmī’tipi na samanupassanti, ‘sadisohamasmī’tipi na samanupassanti, ‘hīnohamasmī’tipi na samanupassanti, kimaññatra yathābhūtassa dassanā. Aniccāya vedanāya…pe… aniccāya saññāya…pe… aniccehi saṅkhārehi…pe… aniccena viññāṇena dukkhena vipariṇāmadhammena ‘seyyohamasmī’tipi na samanupassanti, ‘sadisohamasmī’tipi na samanupassanti, ‘hīnohamasmī’tipi na samanupassanti, kimaññatra yathābhūtassa dassanāti. Idaṃ ñāṇaṃ.
1399此是智与所知
Idaṃ ñāṇañca ñeyyañca.
1400那么,什么是“见”呢?
Tattha katamaṃ dassanaṃ?
1401“那些洞彻圣谛的人,能以深邃的智慧很好地阐明它们。
‘‘Ye ariyasaccāni vibhāvayanti, gambhīrapaññena sudesitāni.
1402即使他们偶尔极度放逸,他们也不会再有第八次生命了。”
Kiñcāpi te honti bhusaṃ pamattā , na te bhavaṃ aṭṭhamamādiyantī’’ti.
1403此是见
Idaṃ dassanaṃ.
1404就像一根深入地下的因达柱,不会被四面吹来的风所动摇;我说的善人也是如此——他亲见圣谛而了了分明。
‘‘Yathindakhīlo pathavissito siyā, catubbhi vātehi asampakampiyo;
1405比丘们,具备了四入流支的圣弟子,如果愿意,就可以自己为自己授记:‘我已断尽地狱,已断尽畜生胎,已断尽饿鬼界,已断尽恶趣、苦途、堕处;我是入流者,不再堕入恶趣,决定不退,必定走向正觉,最多再在天和人之间轮转七次之后,便作苦的终结。’是哪四支呢?比丘们,在此,圣弟子对如来拥有安住、确立、增长、扎根的净信,不被沙门、婆罗门、天、魔、梵天或世间任何人依法动摇;他对法已经得到决定,知道:‘世尊所善说的法是现见的、无时的、欢迎来看的、导向解脱的、智者能各自证知的。’也就是能粉碎骄慢……乃至……寂灭、涅槃。而且,他拥有那些依法而成为可意、可爱、可亲、可喜的在家与出家同伴。再者,他具备了圣者所爱的戒,这些戒无缺、无穿、无污、无斑、自在、被智者称赞、不被执着所染、能导向定的。比丘们,圣弟子正是由于具备了这四入流支,如果愿意,就可以自己为自己授记:‘我已断尽地狱,已断尽畜生胎,已断尽饿鬼界,已断尽恶趣、苦途、堕处;我是入流者,不再堕入恶趣,决定不退,必定走向正觉,最多再在天和人之间轮转七次之后,便作苦的终结。’
Tathūpamaṃ sappurisaṃ vadāmi, yo ariyasaccāni avecca passatī’’ti.
1406此是见
Idaṃ dassanaṃ.
1407「诸比丘,具足四入流支的圣弟子,若愿意,可以自己记说自己:『我已尽地狱,已尽畜生界,已尽饿鬼界,已尽恶趣、苦界、堕处。我是入流者,不堕恶趣法,决定趣向正觉,最多七次往返于天与人间而流转后,将作苦的终结。』是哪四种?诸比丘,于此,圣弟子对如来具有已安立、已确立、已增长、已生根的信,不为沙门、婆罗门、天人、魔罗、梵天或世间任何者所动摇,连同法;而且他已达成对法的结论:『世尊善说之法是自见的、无时的、来见的、可引导的、智者应各自证知的,即醉的无醉……灭是涅槃』,连同法;而且与法相应者,无论在家或出家,对他而言是可喜的、可爱的、所爱的、合意的;而且他具足圣者所喜之戒,无缺、无穿、无斑、无杂、自由的、智者所称赞的、无所取的、导向定的。诸比丘,具足这四入流支的圣弟子,若愿意,可以自己记说自己:『我已尽地狱,已尽畜生界,已尽饿鬼界,已尽恶趣、苦界、堕处。我是入流者,不堕恶趣法,决定趣向正觉,最多七次往返于天与人间而流转后,将作苦的终结。』」
‘‘Catūhi, bhikkhave, sotāpattiyaṅgehi samannāgato ariyasāvako ākaṅkhamāno attanāva attānaṃ byākareyya ‘khīṇanirayomhi, khīṇatiracchānayoni, khīṇapettivisayo, khīṇāpāyaduggativinipāto, sotāpannohamasmi avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo, sattakkhattuparamaṃ deve ca manusse ca sandhāvitvā saṃsaritvā dukkhassantaṃ karissāmī’ti. Katamehi catūhi? Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvakassa tathāgate saddhā niviṭṭhā patiṭṭhitā virūḷhā mūlajātā asaṃhāriyā samaṇena vā brāhmaṇena vā devena vā mārena vā brahmunā vā kenaci vā lokasmiṃ saha dhammena, dhamme kho pana niṭṭhaṃ gato hoti, svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṃ veditabbo viññūhi, yadidaṃ madanimmadano…pe… nirodho nibbānaṃ, saha dhammiyā kho panassa honti iṭṭhā kantā piyā manāpā gihī ceva pabbajitā ca. Ariyakantehi kho pana sīlehi samannāgato hoti akhaṇḍehi acchiddehi asabalehi akammāsehi bhujissehi viññuppasaṭṭhehi aparāmaṭṭhehi samādhisaṃvattanikehi. Imehi kho, bhikkhave, catūhi sotāpattiyaṅgehi samannāgato ariyasāvako ākaṅkhamāno attanāva attānaṃ byākareyya ‘khīṇanirayomhi, khīṇatiracchānayoni, khīṇapettivisayo, khīṇāpāyaduggativinipāto, sotāpannohamasmi avinipātadhammo niyato sambodhiparāyaṇo, sattakkhattuparamaṃ deve ca manusse ca sandhāvitvā saṃsaritvā dukkhassantaṃ karissāmī’’’ti.
1408此是见
Idaṃ dassanaṃ.
1409‘只要他的根门已修习,于内于外及于一切世间,他已彻见此世与他世,既修习又善调伏,他便等待时间到来。’
Tattha katamā bhāvanā?
1410‘他的诸根已经修习,于内、于外、在一切世间;他已贯通此世与他世,既修习又善调伏,就等待着时候的到来。’
‘‘Yassindriyāni bhāvitāni , ajjhattaṃ bahiddhā ca sabbaloke;
1411厌离此世与他世,已修习、已调伏者等待时节。
Nibbijjha imaṃ parañca lokaṃ, kālaṃ kaṅkhati bhāvito sadanto’’ti.
1412此是修习
Ayaṃ bhāvanā.
1413比丘们,有这四种法迹。哪四种呢?没有贪求是法迹,没有恶意是法迹,正念是法迹,正定是法迹。比丘们,这就是四种法迹。这是修习。
‘‘Cattārimāni, bhikkhave, dhammapadāni . Katamāni cattāri? Anabhijjhā dhammapadaṃ, abyāpādo dhammapadaṃ, sammāsati dhammapadaṃ, sammāsamādhi dhammapadaṃ, imāni kho, bhikkhave, cattāri dhammapadānī’’ti. Ayaṃ bhāvanā.
1414在那里,什么是见与修呢?‘应斩断五、应捨弃五’,这是见。‘应再修习更上的五。比丘超越了五种执着,被称为已渡越瀑流者’,这是修习。这就是见与修。
Tattha katamaṃ dassanañca bhāvanā ca? ‘‘Pañca chinde pañca jahe’’ti idaṃ dassanaṃ. ‘‘Pañca cuttari bhāvaye. Pañca saṅgātigo bhikkhu, oghatiṇṇoti vuccatī’’ti ayaṃ bhāvanā. Idaṃ dassanañca bhāvanā ca.
1415比丘们,有这三种根。哪三种呢?未知当知根、知根、具知根。比丘们,什么是未知当知根呢?比丘们,在此,比丘为了了知还未了知的苦圣谛,发起了意欲、努力、精进,策励心、勤奋;为了了知还未了知的苦集圣谛……为了了知还未了知的苦灭圣谛……为了了知还未了知的导向苦灭之道圣谛,发起了意欲、努力、精进,策励心、勤奋。比丘们,这就是未知当知根。这是见。
‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, indriyāni . Katamāni tīṇi, anaññātaññassāmītindriyaṃ aññindriyaṃ aññātāvindriyaṃ. Katamañca, bhikkhave, anaññātaññassāmītindriyaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anabhisametassa dukkhassa ariyasaccassa abhisamayāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati, anabhisametassa dukkhasamudayassa ariyasaccassa…pe… dukkhanirodhassa…pe… dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ariyasaccassa abhisamayāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, anaññātaññassāmītindriya’’nti. Idaṃ dassanaṃ.
1416比丘们,什么是知根呢?比丘们,在此,比丘如实地知道:‘这是苦’,如实地知道:‘这是苦集’,如实地知道:‘这是苦灭’,如实地知道:‘这是导向苦灭之道’。比丘们,这就是知根。
‘‘Katamañca, bhikkhave, aññindriyaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu ‘idaṃ dukkha’nti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhasamudayo’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodho’ti…pe… ‘ayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā’ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, aññindriyaṃ.
1417比丘们,什么是具知根呢?比丘们,在此,比丘由于漏的灭尽,就在现法中以自己通智作证、具足而住于无漏的心解脱、慧解脱,他知道:‘生已灭尽,梵行已立,应作已作,不再有此后有的状态。’比丘们,这就是具知根。这是修习。
‘‘Katamañca , bhikkhave, aññātāvindriyaṃ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āsavānaṃ khayā anāsavaṃ cetovimuttiṃ paññāvimuttiṃ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṃ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati, khīṇā jāti, vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, kataṃ karaṇīyaṃ nāparaṃ itthattāyāti pajānāti. Idaṃ, bhikkhave, aññātāvindriya’’nti. Ayaṃ bhāvanā.
1418这就是见与修。
Idaṃ dassanañca bhāvanā ca.
116其中,什么是教典语?
Tattha katamaṃ sakavacanaṃ?
1420一切恶都不做,所有善都奉行,清净自己的心,这就是诸佛的教导。
‘‘Sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṃ, kusalassa upasampadā;
1421净化自己的心,这是诸佛的教诫。”
Sacittapariyodāpanaṃ, etaṃ buddhāna sāsana’’nti.
1422此是自说
Idaṃ sakavacanaṃ.
1423“比丘们,愚者有此三种愚者的特征、愚者的迹象、愚者的表现,旁人以此了知‘这是愚者’。哪三种呢?比丘们,愚者是思惟恶思惟的人,是说恶语的人,是作恶行的人。比丘们,这就是愚者的三种愚者的特征、愚者的迹象、愚者的表现。
‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, bālassa bālalakkhaṇāni bālanimittāni bālāpadānāni, yehi bālaṃ bāloti pare sañjānanti. Katamāni tīṇi? Bālo, bhikkhave, duccintitacintī ca hoti, dubbhāsitabhāsī ca hoti, dukkaṭakammakārī ca hoti. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi bālassa bālalakkhaṇāni bālanimittāni bālāpadānāni.
1424“比丘们,智者有此三种智者的特征、智者的迹象、智者的表现,旁人以此了知‘这是智者’。哪三种呢?比丘们,智者是思惟善思惟的人,是说善语的人,是作善行的人。比丘们,这就是智者的三种智者的特征、智者的迹象、智者的表现。”
‘‘Tīṇimāni , bhikkhave, paṇḍitassa paṇḍitalakkhaṇāni paṇḍitanimittāni paṇḍitāpadānāni, yehi paṇḍitaṃ paṇḍitoti pare sañjānanti. Katamāni tīṇi? Paṇḍito, bhikkhave, sucintitacintī ca hoti, subhāsitabhāsī ca hoti, sukatakammakārī ca hoti. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi paṇḍitassa paṇḍitalakkhaṇāni paṇḍitanimittāni paṇḍitāpadānānī’’ti.
1425此是自说
Idaṃ sakavacanaṃ.
1426其中,什么是外典语?
Tattha katamaṃ paravacanaṃ?
1427像大地一样宽广的,不存在;像深渊一样深陷的,不存在;
‘‘Pathavīsamo natthi vitthato, ninno pātālasamo na vijjati;
1428像须弥山一样高耸的,不存在;像转轮圣王一样的人,也不存在。
Merusamo natthi unnato, cakkavattisadiso natthi poriso’’ti.
1429此是他说
Idaṃ paravacanaṃ.
1430‘好吧,诸天之王因陀罗,就让你凭善语获胜吧。韦波吉帝,也让你凭善语获胜。韦波吉帝,你来说偈颂吧。’那时,比丘们,阿修罗王韦波吉帝就说出了这首偈颂:
‘‘‘Hotu , devānaminda, subhāsitena jayoti. Hotu, vepacitti subhāsitena jayoti. Bhaṇa, vepacitti, gātha’nti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, vepacitti asurindo imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
1431‘愚人会更加放肆,如果没有人去制止他;
‘‘Bhiyyo bālā pabhijjeyyuṃ , no cassa paṭisedhako;
1432因此,智者应该用强力的手段,去阻止愚人。’
Tasmā bhusena daṇḍena, dhīro bālaṃ nisedhaye’’ti.
1433比丘们,在阿修罗王韦波吉帝说了这首偈颂后,阿修罗们都很赞同,而天人们则沉默不语。那时,比丘们,阿修罗王韦波吉帝对诸天之王因陀罗这么说:‘诸天之王因陀罗,你来说偈颂吧。’听了这话,比丘们,诸天之王因陀罗就说出了这首偈颂:
‘‘Bhāsitāya kho pana, bhikkhave, vepacittinā asurindena gāthāya asurā anumodiṃsu, devā tuṇhī ahesuṃ. Atha kho, bhikkhave, vepacitti asurindo sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavoca ‘bhaṇa, devānaminda, gātha’nti. Evaṃ vutte, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
1434我认为,这仅是惩罚愚人的方法;
‘‘Etadeva ahaṃ maññe, bālassa paṭisedhanaṃ;
1435知道别人被激怒后,能保持正念并平静下来。
Paraṃ saṅkupitaṃ ñatvā, yo sato upasammatī’’ti.
1436比丘们,当帝释天说了这首偈后,天神们随喜,阿修罗们则沉默不语。接着,帝释天对吠波质底阿修罗王说:“吠波质底,你也说一首偈吧。”话说完,比丘们,吠波质底阿修罗王便说了这首偈:
‘‘Bhāsitāya kho pana, bhikkhave, sakkena devānamindena gāthāya devā anumodiṃsu, asurā tuṇhī ahesuṃ. Atha kho, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo vepacittiṃ asurindaṃ etadavoca ‘bhaṇa, vepacitti, gātha’nti. Evaṃ vutte, bhikkhave, vepacitti asurindo imaṃ gāthaṃ abhāsi –
1437“婆娑婆!我看见忍辱有这样的过失——
‘‘Etadeva titikkhāya, vajjaṃ passāmi vāsava;
1438当愚人这样想:‘他是出于害怕才容忍’时,
Yadā naṃ maññati bālo, bhayā myāyaṃ titikkhati;
1439那愚痴者就会得寸进尺,就像牛对逃跑的人追得更凶一样。”
Ajjhāruhati dummedho, gova bhiyyo palāyina’’nti.
1440比丘们,当毗摩质多罗阿修罗王说了偈颂后,阿修罗们纷纷随喜,天人却都沉默。这时,毗摩质多罗阿修罗王对释提桓因说:‘帝释天,你来说首偈颂吧。’比丘们,这么说后,释提桓因就诵出这些偈颂——
‘‘Bhāsitāya kho pana, bhikkhave, vepacittinā asurindena gāthāya asurā anumodiṃsu, devā tuṇhī ahesuṃ. Atha kho vepacitti asurindo sakkaṃ devānamindaṃ etadavoca ‘bhaṇa, devānaminda, gātha’nti. Evaṃ vutte, bhikkhave, sakko devānamindo imā gāthāyo abhāsi –
1441任由他如何猜想,我这份忍辱是因恐惧而做;或者不这么想,他怎么看都行。
‘‘Kāmaṃ maññatu vā mā vā, bhayā myāyaṃ titikkhati;
1442种种关乎自己利益的事中,没有比忍耐更高的利益。
Sadatthaparamā atthā, khantā bhiyyo na vijjati.
1443一个人若有力量,却去容忍软弱的人——
‘‘Yo have balavā santo, dubbalassa titikkhati;
1444他们称这才是最上的忍耐;而弱者其实始终只在忍受。
Tamāhu paramaṃ khantiṃ, niccaṃ khamati dubbalo.
1445他们把那叫做没有力量的力量,那是以愚人之力为力量。
‘‘Abalaṃ taṃ balaṃ āhu, yassa bālabalaṃ balaṃ;
1446愚者即使看起来在守护正法,也不会转向真实。
Balassa dhammaguttassa, paṭivattā na vijjati.
1447谁对愤怒的人以愤怒回报,那人只会因此变得更糟。
‘‘Tasseva tena pāpiyo, yo kuddhaṃ paṭikujjhati;
1448不对愤怒者以愤怒回报的人,赢得了那场难赢的战斗。
Kuddhaṃ appaṭikujjhanto, saṅgāmaṃ jeti dujjayaṃ.
1449他践行着自他两方的利益。
‘‘Ubhinnamatthaṃ carati, attano ca parassa ca;
1450知道他人已被激怒,他自己却能保持正念、平静下来。
Paraṃ saṅkupitaṃ ñatvā, yo sato upasammati.
1451他是在治疗自他双方的人。
‘‘Ubhinnaṃ tikicchantānaṃ, attano ca parassa ca;
1452“那些对法不熟练的人,人们就认为他们是愚者。”
Janā maññanti bāloti, ye dhammassa akovidā’’ti.
1453“比丘们,当诸天之主沙卡说了这些偈颂后,诸天随喜,而阿苏罗们却沉默不语。”这是他人的话。
‘‘Bhāsitāsu kho pana, bhikkhave, sakkena devānamindena gāthāsu devā anumodiṃsu, asurā tuṇhī ahesu’’nti. Idaṃ paravacanaṃ.
117其中,什么是自己的话,什么又是他人的话呢?
Tattha katamaṃ sakavacanañca paravacanañca?
1455对于随学烦恼者的已得和当得,这两者都沾染了尘垢。那些以戒律、誓愿、活命、梵行、近事为核心,认为这些就是全部修行的人,这是一个极端。那些持这样论调、这样见解的人说‘在欲乐中没有过患’,这是另一个极端。这两个极端都增长坟场、增长邪见。有人由于不了知这两个极端而停滞不前,有人则过度奔逐。这是他人的话。
Yañca pattaṃ yañca pattabbaṃ ubhayametaṃ rajānukiṇṇaṃ āturassānusikkhato. Ye ca sikkhāsārā sīlaṃ vataṃ jīvitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ upaṭṭhānasārā, ayameko anto. Ye ca evaṃvādino evaṃdiṭṭhino ‘‘natthi kāmesu doso’’ti, ayaṃ dutiyo anto. Iccete ubho antā kaṭasivaḍḍhanā kaṭasiyo diṭṭhiṃ vaḍḍhenti. Ete ubho ante anabhiññāya olīyanti eke atidhāvanti eketi. Idaṃ paravacanaṃ.
1456而那些遍知了两个极端,于其中不住著,也不以此而骄慢的人,对他们而言,就没有轮回可被施设了。这是自己的话。这个优陀那包含了自说与他语。
Ye ca kho te ubho ante abhiññāya tatra ca na ahesuṃ, tena ca amaññiṃsu, vaṭṭaṃ tesaṃ natthi paññāpanāyāti. Idaṃ sakavacanaṃ. Ayaṃ udāno sakavacanañca paravacanañca.
1457拘萨罗国的波斯匿王对世尊这样说:‘尊者,当我在独处静坐时,心中生起了这样的思惟:“哪些人对自我是亲爱的,哪些人对自我是不亲爱的?”那时,尊者,我这样想:“那些以身行恶、以语行恶、以意行恶的人,他们对自己而言是不亲爱的。即使他们口头上说‘我是爱自己的’,实际上他们对自己真是不亲爱的。为什么呢?因为一个不亲爱的人会像对待不亲爱的人那样去做事,他们自己正是这样对待自己。因此,他们对自己是不亲爱的。而那些以身行善、以语行善、以意行善的人,他们对自己才是亲爱的。即使他们说‘我不爱自己’,实际上他们对自己真是亲爱的。为什么呢?因为一个亲爱的人会像对待亲爱的人那样去做事,他们自己正是这样对待自己。因此,他们对自己是亲爱的。”’”
Rājā pasenadi kosalo bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – idha mayhaṃ, bhante, rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṃ cetaso parivitakko udapādi ‘‘kesaṃ nu kho piyo attā, kesaṃ appiyo attā’’ti. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhante, etadahosi ‘‘ye ca kho keci kāyena duccaritaṃ caranti, vācāya duccaritaṃ caranti, manasā duccaritaṃ caranti, tesaṃ appiyo attā. Kiñcāpi te evaṃ vadeyyuṃ ‘piyo no attā’ti, atha kho tesaṃ appiyo attā. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yaṃ hi appiyo appiyassa kareyya, taṃ te attanāva attano karonti, tasmā tesaṃ appiyo attā. Ye ca kho keci kāyena sucaritaṃ caranti, vācāya sucaritaṃ caranti, manasā sucaritaṃ caranti, tesaṃ piyo attā. Kiñcāpi te evaṃ vadeyyuṃ ‘appiyo no attā’ti, atha kho tesaṃ piyo attā. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yaṃ hi piyo piyassa kareyya . Taṃ te attanāva attano karonti. Tasmā tesaṃ piyo attā’’ti.
1458“正是如此,大王,正是如此,大王。大王,凡是以身体行恶行、以语言行恶行、以心意行恶行的人,他们自己是自己所不喜欢的。即使他们这样说:‘自己是自己所喜欢的。’但实际上,他们自己是自己所不喜欢的。原因是什么呢?因为,大王,一个人对不喜欢的人所做的事,也就是对自己不喜欢的人所做的事,他们会亲自对自己做。因此,他们自己是自己所不喜欢的。然而,大王,凡是以身体行善行、以语言行善行、以心意行善行的人,他们自己是自己所喜欢的。即使他们这样说:‘自己是自己所不喜欢的。’但实际上,他们自己是自己所喜欢的。原因是什么呢?因为,大王,一个人对喜欢的人所做的事,也就是对自己喜欢的人所做的事,他们会亲自对自己做。因此,他们自己是自己所喜欢的。这是世尊所说的……导师——
‘‘Evametaṃ, mahārāja, evametaṃ, mahārāja, ye hi keci, mahārāja, kāyena duccaritaṃ caranti, vācāya duccaritaṃ caranti, manasā duccaritaṃ caranti tasmā tesaṃ appiyo attā. Kiñcāpi te evaṃ vadeyyuṃ ‘piyo no attā’ti, atha kho tesaṃ appiyo attā. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yaṃ hi, mahārāja, appiyo appiyassa kareyya, taṃ te attanāva attano karonti, tasmā tesaṃ appiyo attā. Ye ca kho keci mahārāja kāyena sucaritaṃ caranti, vācāya sucaritaṃ caranti, manasā sucaritaṃ caranti, tesaṃ piyo attā. Kiñcāpi te evaṃ vadeyyuṃ ‘appiyo no attā’ti, atha kho tesaṃ piyo attā. Taṃ kissa hetu? Yaṃ hi, mahārāja, piyo piyassa kareyya, taṃ te attanāva attano karonti, tasmā tesaṃ piyo attāti. Idamavoca bhagavā…pe… satthā –
1459如果知道自己为可贵,就不该与恶行连结;
‘‘Attānañce piyaṃ jaññā, na naṃ pāpena saṃyuje;
1460对于作恶的人来说,快乐并非容易获得的。
Na hi taṃ sulabhaṃ hoti, sukhaṃ dukkaṭakārinā.
1461那被死神征服、舍弃了人间生存的人;
‘‘Antakenādhipannassa , jahato mānusaṃ bhavaṃ;
1462他还有什么属于自己的?他又能带走什么?
Kiṃ hi tassa sakaṃ hoti, kiñca ādāya gacchati;
1463什么在追随着他,如影随形般永不分离?
Kiñcassa anugaṃ hoti, chāyāva anapāyinī.
1464凡人在此世所做的功德与恶业,这两者
‘‘Ubho puññañca pāpañca, yaṃ macco kurute idha;
1465那确实是他自己的,他就带着那个离开
Tañhi tassa sakaṃ hoti, taṃva ādāya gacchati;
1466那便成为他的伴随者,如同永不分离的阴影
Taṃvassa anugaṃ hoti, chāyāva anapāyinī.
1467因此,他应当行善,积累来世的资粮
‘‘Tasmā kareyya kalyāṇaṃ, nicayaṃ samparāyikaṃ;
1468功德在来世,成为众生的依止处
Puññāni paralokasmiṃ, patiṭṭhā honti pāṇina’’nti.
1469这段经文是他人所说的话;随颂是自己所说的话。这既是自己所说,也是他人所说。
Idaṃ suttaṃ paravacanaṃ. Anugīti sakavacanaṃ. Idaṃ sakavacanañca paravacanañca.
118在那里,什么是可解答的?
Tattha katamaṃ visajjanīyaṃ?
1471当问题被提出时,这法是应被了知的,这法是应被遍知的,这法是应被断除的,这法是应被修习的,这法是应被证悟的——这些法,以这样的方式被把握后,能产生这个果。对于这些以如此方式被把握的法来说,这个义理就在这里,这就是可解答的。‘世尊佛陀是伟大的’这样以决定性方式,指示了佛陀的伟大、法的被善说、僧团的被善修行。‘一切行无常’、‘一切行是苦’、‘一切法无我’,这样以决定性方式指示。或者,凡是其他同类型的说法。这就是可解答的。
Pañhe pucchite idaṃ abhiññeyyaṃ, idaṃ pariññeyyaṃ, idaṃ pahātabbaṃ, idaṃ bhāvetabbaṃ, idaṃ sacchikātabbaṃ, ime dhammā evaṃgahitā idaṃ phalaṃ nibbattayanti. Tesaṃ evaṃgahitānaṃ ayamattho iti idaṃ visajjanīyaṃ. ‘‘Uḷāro buddho bhagavā’’ti buddhauḷārataṃ dhammasvākkhātataṃ saṅghasuppaṭipattiñca ekaṃseneva niddise. ‘‘Sabbe saṅkhārā aniccā’’ti ‘‘sabbe saṅkhārā dukkhā’’ti ‘‘sabbe dhammā anattā’’ti ekaṃseneva niddise. Yaṃ vā panaññampi evaṃ jātiyaṃ. Idaṃ visajjanīyaṃ.
1472在那里,什么是不可解答的?
Tattha katamaṃ avisajjanīyaṃ?
1473‘调伏人天之导师啊,诸天与人类心中所思维的事,为你所希望。’
‘‘Ākaṅkhato te naradammasārathi , devā manussā manasā vicintitaṃ;
1474‘一切众生,乃至全部,都不知道,那位亲近寂静、无诤之定的圣者。’
Sabbe na jaññā kasiṇāpi pāṇino, santaṃ samādhiṃ araṇaṃ nisevato;
1475‘世尊到底希望什么呢?’
Kintaṃ bhagavā ākaṅkhatī’’ti.
1476此是不可舍弃
Idaṃ avisajjanīyaṃ.
1477关于世尊在戒蕴、定蕴、慧蕴、解脱蕴、解脱知见蕴方面,在威仪、威力、饶益心、悲心、神通方面是什么样的,这是不可解答的。
Ettako bhagavā sīlakkhandhe samādhikkhandhe paññākkhandhe vimuttikkhandhe vimuttiñāṇadassanakkhandhe iriyāyaṃ pabhāve hitesitāyaṃ karuṇāyaṃ iddhiyanti. Idaṃ avisajjanīyaṃ.
1478‘比丘们,如来、阿拉汉、正自觉者出现于世间,就是三宝的出现:佛宝、法宝、僧宝。’这三宝以什么为量度?这是不可解答的。
‘‘Tathāgatassa, bhikkhave, arahato sammāsambuddhassa loke uppādā tiṇṇaṃ ratanānaṃ uppādo buddharatanassa dhammaratanassa saṅgharatanassa’’. Kiṃ pamāṇāni tīṇi ratanānīti? Idaṃ avisajjanīyaṃ.
1479佛陀的领域是不可解答的。对众生上下根性的了知是不可解答的。‘比丘们,过去的起点不可知:为无明所覆、为渴爱所缚的众生,时而地狱,时而畜生道,时而鬼界,时而阿修罗道,时而天界,时而人界,流转轮回。’哪个是过去的起点?这是不可解答的。‘不可知’是指声闻弟子的智慧不足。佛陀世尊的教导有两种:自利所引导的和利他所引导的。‘不可知’指的是利他所引导的那一面;‘佛陀世尊没有不知的’则是自利所引导的那一面。如同世尊针对拘迦利耶比丘,对另一位比丘这样说——
Buddhavisayo avisajjanīyo. Puggalaparoparaññutā avisajjanīyā. ‘‘Pubbā, bhikkhave, koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṃ sattānaṃ taṇhāsaṃyojanānaṃ sakiṃ nirayaṃ sakiṃ tiracchānayoniṃ sakiṃ pettivisayaṃ sakiṃ asurayoniṃ sakiṃ deve sakiṃ manusse sandhāvitaṃ saṃsaritaṃ’’. Katamā pubbā koṭīti avisajjanīyaṃ. Na paññāyatīti sāvakānaṃ ñāṇavekallena. Duvidhā buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ desanā attūpanāyikā ca parūpanāyikā ca. Na paññāyatīti parūpanāyikā. Natthi buddhānaṃ bhagavantānaṃ avijānanāti attūpanāyikā. Yathā bhagavā kokālikaṃ bhikkhuṃ ārabbha aññataraṃ bhikkhuṃ evamāha –
1480‘比丘,比如一辆载有二十石芝麻的憍萨罗车……也不及一个阿部陀地狱。比丘,比如二十个阿部陀地狱,等于一个尼罗部陀地狱。比丘,比如二十个尼罗部陀地狱,等于一个阿婆婆地狱。比丘,比如二十个阿婆婆地狱,等于一个阿吒吒地狱。比丘,比如二十个阿吒吒地狱,等于一个阿呵呵地狱。比丘,比如二十个阿呵呵地狱,等于一个古木度地狱。比丘,比如二十个古木度地狱,等于一个索甘迪迦地狱。比丘,比如二十个索甘迪迦地狱,等于一个优波洛迦地狱。比丘,比如二十个优波洛迦地狱,等于一个奔达利迦地狱。比丘,比如二十个奔达利迦地狱,等于一个巴都木地狱。拘迦利耶比丘因为对舍利弗和目犍连心怀瞋恨,就投生在那个巴都木地狱里。’此外,凡是世尊所说的‘这是不可测量、不可计数的’,那一切都是不可解答的。这是不可解答的。
‘‘Seyyathāpi , bhikkhu, vīsatikhāriko kosalako tilavāho…pe… na tveva eko abbudo nirayo. Seyyathāpi bhikkhu, vīsati abbudā nirayā, evameko nirabbudo nirayo . Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati nirabbudā nirayā, evameko ababo nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati ababā nirayā, evameko aṭaṭo nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati aṭaṭā nirayā, evameko ahaho nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati ahahā nirayā, evameko kumudo nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati kumudā nirayā, evameko sogandhiko nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati sogandhikā nirayā, evameko uppalako nirayo . Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati uppalakā nirayā, evameko puṇḍarīko nirayo. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhu, vīsati puṇḍarīkā nirayā, evameko padumo nirayo. Padume pana, bhikkhu, niraye kokāliko bhikkhu upapanno sāriputtamoggallānesu cittaṃ āghātetvā’’ti. Yaṃ vā pana kiñci bhagavā āha ‘‘ayaṃ appameyyo asaṅkhyeyo’’ti. Sabbaṃ taṃ avisajjanīyaṃ. Idaṃ avisajjanīyaṃ.
119其中,什么是可解答和不可解答?当那位邪命外道优波迦问世尊:‘乔达摩贤友,你要去哪里?’世尊说——
Tattha katamaṃ visajjanīyañca avisajjanīyañca, yadā so upako ājīvako bhagavantaṃ āha ‘‘kuhiṃ, āvuso gotama, gamissasī’’ti. Bhagavā āha –
1482‘我要去巴拉纳西,去那不死之鼓。’
‘‘Bārāṇasiṃ gamissāmi, ahaṃ taṃ amatadundubhiṃ;
1483“为了转动那世间无人能逆转的法轮。”
Dhammacakkaṃ pavattetuṃ, loke appaṭivattiya’’nti.
1484邪命外道伍波哥问到:“朋友乔达摩,您自称是‘胜者’吗?”世尊回答说:
Upako ājīvako āha ‘‘‘jino’ti kho āvuso, bho gotama, paṭijānāsī’’ti. Bhagavā āha –
1485“像我这样的人确实是胜者,他们已经证得了诸漏的灭尽;
‘‘Mādisā ve jinā honti, ye pattā āsavakkhayaṃ;
1486我已经战胜了种种恶不善法,因此,伍波哥,我是胜者。”
Jitā me pāpakā dhammā, tasmāhaṃ upakā jino’’ti.
1487“什么是胜者?他以什么而成为胜者?”——这是可以解答的。“哪种人是胜者?”——这是无法解答的。“什么是漏尽?就是贪的灭尽、嗔的灭尽、痴的灭尽。”——这是可以解答的。“漏尽有多少?”——这是无法解答的。以上是可以解答和无法解答的问题。
Kathaṃ jino kena jinoti visajjanīyaṃ. Katamo jinoti avisajjanīyaṃ. Katamo āsavakkhayo, rāgakkhayo dosakkhayo mohakkhayoti visajjanīyaṃ. Kittako āsavakkhayoti avisajjanīyaṃ. Idaṃ visajjanīyañca avisajjanīyañca.
1488“如来是存在的”——这是可以解答的。“色是存在的”——这是可以解答的。“色就是如来”——这是无法解答的。“拥有色的如来”——这是无法解答的。“如来在色之中”——这是无法解答的。“色在如来之中”——这是无法解答的。同样地,“受是存在的”……(中略)……“想是存在的”……(中略)……“行是存在的”……(中略)……“识是存在的”——这是可以解答的。“识就是如来”——这是无法解答的。“拥有识的如来”——这是无法解答的。“如来在识之中”——这是无法解答的。“识在如来之中”——这是无法解答的。“没有色,如来依然存在”——这是无法解答的。“没有受……(中略)没有想……(中略)没有行……(中略)没有识,如来依然存在”——这是无法解答的。“他就是那位如来,没有色……(中略)没有受……(中略)没有想……(中略)没有行……(中略)没有识”——这是无法解答的。以上是可以解答和无法解答的问题。
Atthi tathāgatoti visajjanīyaṃ. Atthi rūpanti visajjanīyaṃ. Rūpaṃ tathāgatoti avisajjanīyaṃ. Rūpavā tathāgatoti avisajjanīyaṃ. Rūpe tathāgatoti avisajjanīyaṃ. Tathāgate rūpanti avisajjanīyaṃ. Evaṃ atthi vedanā…pe… saññā…pe… saṅkhārā…pe… atthi viññāṇanti visajjanīyaṃ. Viññāṇaṃ tathāgatoti avisajjanīyaṃ. Viññāṇavā tathāgatoti avisajjanīyaṃ. Viññāṇe tathāgatoti avisajjanīyaṃ. Tathāgate viññāṇanti avisajjanīyaṃ. Aññatra rūpena tathāgatoti avisajjanīyaṃ. Aññatra vedanāya…pe… saññāya…pe… saṅkhārehi…pe… viññāṇena tathāgatoti avisajjanīyaṃ. Ayaṃ so tathāgato arūpako…pe… avedanako…pe… asaññako…pe… asaṅkhārako…pe… aviññāṇakoti avisajjanīyaṃ. Idaṃ visajjanīyañca avisajjanīyañca.
1489世尊以清净、超越常人的天眼,看见众生死亡、投生,如此一切……他了知众生随业受报。这是可解答的。哪些众生、什么是如来,这是不可解答的。这是可解答的与不可解答的。
Passati bhagavā dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena satte cavamāne upapajjamāne evaṃ sabbaṃ…pe… yathākammūpage satte pajānātīti visajjanīyaṃ. Katame sattā, katamo tathāgatoti avisajjanīyaṃ. Idaṃ visajjanīyañca avisajjanīyañca.
1490有如来,这是可解答的。如来死后存在,这是不可解答的。这是可解答的与不可解答的。
Atthi tathāgatoti visajjanīyaṃ. Atthi tathāgato paraṃ maraṇāti avisajjanīyaṃ. Idaṃ visajjanīyañca avisajjanīyañca.
120在那里,什么是业?
Tattha katamaṃ kammaṃ?
1492被死亡所侵袭的人,舍弃了人的生命生存;
‘‘Antakenādhipannassa , jahato mānusaṃ bhavaṃ;
1493那时,有什么是他真正拥有的呢?他又能带走什么呢?
Kiṃ hi tassa sakaṃ hoti, kiñca ādāya gacchati;
1494有什么会跟随着他,像影子一样不离不弃呢?
Kiñcassa anugaṃ hoti, chāyāva anapāyinī.
1495凡人在此世所做的善与恶,那都是他自己的,他带着那些业离开;那些业就跟着他,就像永不离开的影子。
‘‘Ubho puññañca pāpañca, yaṃ macco kurute idha;
1496再者,比丘们,愚人无论是坐在椅子上、躺在床上,还是躺在地上,他过去以身、口、意所造的恶行、不善行,在那时就会悬挂着、垂挂着、低垂在他身上。比丘们,就像傍晚时分,大山顶的影子覆盖在地上,悬挂着、垂挂着、低垂着一样。比丘们,同样的,愚人无论是坐在椅子上、躺在床上,还是躺在地上,他过去以身、口、意所造的恶行、不善行,在那时就会悬挂着、垂挂着、低垂在他身上。比丘们,那时愚人心里会这样想:‘我确实没做过善事,没做过善法,没做过能防护怖畏的业。我做了恶事,做了残忍的事,做了有罪过的事。凡是那些没做善事、没做善法、没做能防护怖畏的业,却做了恶事、残忍的事、有罪过的事的人所去的趣向,我死后就要去那样的趣向了。’于是他忧愁、疲惫、悲泣、捶胸痛哭,陷入迷惘。
Tañhi tassa sakaṃ hoti, taṃva ādāya gacchati;
1497再者,比丘们,智者无论是坐在椅子上、躺在床上,还是躺在地上,他过去以身、口、意所造的善行、善业,在那时就会悬挂着、垂挂着、低垂在他身上。比丘们,就像傍晚时分,大山顶的影子覆盖在地上,悬挂着、垂挂着、低垂着一样。比丘们,同样的,智者无论是坐在椅子上、躺在床上,还是躺在地上,他过去以身、口、意所造的善行、善业,在那时就会悬挂着、垂挂着、低垂在他身上。比丘们,那时智者心里会这样想:‘我确实没做过恶事,没做过残忍的事,没做过有罪过的事。我做了善事,做了善法,做了能防护怖畏的业。凡是那些没做恶事、没做残忍的事、没做有罪过的事,却做了善事、善法、能防护怖畏的业的人所去的趣向,我死后就要去那样的趣向了。’他不会忧愁,不会疲惫,不会悲泣,不会捶胸痛哭,不会陷入迷惘。他这样想:‘我做了福德,没做恶业。那些没做恶业、没做残忍事、没做有罪过事,做了福德、做了善法、做了能防护怖畏的业的人,死后将会有怎样的趣向,我在来生就会经历那样的趣向。’而且不会生起后悔。比丘们,对于没有后悔的人,不论是女人还是男人,在家人还是出家者,我说他会有善终、好死。
Taṃvassa anugaṃ hoti, chāyāva anapāyinī’’ti.
1498此是业
Idaṃ kammaṃ.
1499「再者,诸比丘!当愚者登上椅子或登上床榻或躺在地上时,凡他以前所造的恶业——身恶行、语恶行、意恶行,那些在那时垂覆他、遍覆他、笼罩他。诸比丘!犹如大山峰的影子在傍晚时分垂覆大地、遍覆大地、笼罩大地。同样地,诸比丘!当愚者登上椅子或登上床榻或躺在地上时,凡他以前所造的恶业——身恶行、语恶行、意恶行,那些在那时垂覆他、遍覆他、笼罩他。诸比丘!在那里,愚者这样想:『我确实未作善,未作福,未作怖畏的庇护。已作恶,已作残酷,已作罪过。凡是未作善者、未作福者、未作怖畏庇护者、已作恶者、已作残酷者、已作罪过者的去处,我死后将去那个去处。』他悲伤、疲惫、悲泣、捶胸号哭、陷入痴迷。」
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bālaṃ pīṭhasamārūḷhaṃ vā mañcasamārūḷhaṃ vā chamāyaṃ vā semānaṃ yānissa pubbe pāpakāni kammāni katāni kāyena duccaritāni vācāya duccaritāni manasā duccaritāni, tānissa tamhi samaye olambanti ajjholambanti abhippalambanti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahataṃ pabbatakūṭānaṃ chāyā sāyanhasamayaṃ pathaviyaṃ olambanti ajjholambanti abhippalambanti. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, bālaṃ pīṭhasamārūḷhaṃ vā mañcasamārūḷhaṃ vā chamāyaṃ vā semānaṃ yānissa pubbe pāpakāni kammāni katāni kāyena duccaritāni vācāya duccaritāni manasā duccaritāni, tānissa tamhi samaye olambanti ajjholambanti abhippalambanti. Tatra, bhikkhave, bālassa evaṃ hoti ‘akataṃ vata me kalyāṇaṃ, akataṃ kusalaṃ, akataṃ bhīruttāṇaṃ. Kataṃ pāpaṃ, kataṃ luddaṃ, kataṃ kibbisaṃ, yāvatā bho akatakalyāṇānaṃ akatakusalānaṃ akatabhīruttāṇānaṃ katapāpānaṃ kataluddānaṃ katakibbisānaṃ gati, taṃ gatiṃ pecca gacchāmī’ti, so socati kilamati paridevati urattāḷiṃ kandati sammohaṃ āpajjatī’’ti.
1500「再者,诸比丘!当智者登上椅子或登上床榻或躺在地上时,凡他以前所造的善业——身善行、语善行、意善行,那些在那时垂覆他、遍覆他、笼罩他。诸比丘!犹如大山峰的影子在傍晚时分垂覆大地、遍覆大地、笼罩大地。同样地,诸比丘!当智者登上椅子或登上床榻或躺在地上时,凡他以前所造的善业——身善行、语善行、意善行,那些在那时垂覆他、遍覆他、笼罩他。诸比丘!在那里,智者这样想:『我确实未作恶,未作残酷,未作罪过。已作善,已作福,已作怖畏的庇护。凡是未作恶者、未作残酷者、未作罪过者、已作善者、已作福者、已作怖畏庇护者的去处,我死后将去那个去处。』他不悲伤、不疲惫、不悲泣、不捶胸号哭、不陷入痴迷,『我已作福,未作恶,凡是未作恶者、未作残酷者、未作罪过者、已作福者、已作善者、已作怖畏庇护者将有的去处,我死后将在那个有中体验那个去处』,不生后悔。诸比丘!我说,无后悔的女人或男人、在家人或出家人,有善的死亡、善的命终。」这是业。
‘‘Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, paṇḍitaṃ pīṭhasamārūḷhaṃ vā mañcasamārūḷhaṃ vā chamāyaṃ vā semānaṃ yānissa pubbe kalyāṇāni kammāni katāni kāyena sucaritāni vācāya sucaritāni manasā sucaritāni, tānissa tamhi samaye olambanti ajjholambanti abhippalambanti. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, mahataṃ pabbatakūṭānaṃ chāyā sāyanhasamayaṃ pathaviyaṃ olambanti ajjholambanti abhippalambanti. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, paṇḍitaṃ pīṭhasamārūḷhaṃ vā mañcasamārūḷhaṃ vā chamāyaṃ vā semānaṃ yānissa pubbe kalyāṇāni kammāni katāni kāyena sucaritāni vācāya sucaritāni manasā sucaritāni, tānissa tamhi samaye olambanti ajjholambanti abhippalambanti. Tatra, bhikkhave, paṇḍitassa ‘evaṃ hoti akataṃ vata me pāpaṃ , akataṃ luddaṃ, akataṃ kibbisaṃ. Kataṃ kalyāṇaṃ, kataṃ kusalaṃ, kataṃ bhīruttāṇaṃ, yāvatā bho akatapāpānaṃ akataluddānaṃ akatakibbisānaṃ katakalyāṇānaṃ katakusalānaṃ katabhīruttāṇānaṃ gati, taṃ gatiṃ pecca gacchāmī’ti, so na socati na kilamati na paridevati na urattāḷiṃ kandati na sammohaṃ āpajjati, ‘kataṃ me puññaṃ, akataṃ pāpaṃ, yā bhavissati gati akatapāpassa akataluddassa akatakibbisassa katapuññassa katakusalassa katabhīruttāṇassa, taṃ pecca bhave gatiṃ paccanubhavissāmī’ti vippaṭisāro na jāyati. Avippaṭisārino kho, bhikkhave, itthiyā vā purisassa vā gihino vā pabbajitassa vā bhaddakaṃ maraṇaṃ bhaddikā kālaṅkiriyāti vadāmī’’ti. Idaṃ kammaṃ.
1501「诸比丘!有这三种恶行。哪三种?身恶行、语恶行、意恶行。诸比丘!这是三种恶行。诸比丘!有这三种善行。哪三种?身善行、语善行、意善行。诸比丘!这是三种善行。」这是业。
‘‘Tīṇimāni , bhikkhave, duccaritāni. Katamāni tīṇi, kāyaduccaritaṃ vacīduccaritaṃ manoduccaritaṃ. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi duccaritāni. Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, sucaritāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Kāyasucaritaṃ vacīsucaritaṃ manosucaritaṃ. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi sucaritāni. Idaṃ kammaṃ.
1502其中,什么是果?
Tattha katamo vipāko?
1503“比丘们,这是你们的利益!比丘们,这是你们的大善得!比丘们,你们获得了修习梵行的良机!比丘们,我见过名为六触处的诸地狱。在那里,无论眼看到什么色,都只看到不可爱的色,而看不到可爱的色;只看到不惬意的色,而看不到惬意的色;只看到不可意的色,而看不到可意的色。无论耳听到什么声……鼻嗅到什么香……舌尝到什么味……身触到什么触……意认知什么法,都只认知不可爱之法,而认知不到可爱之法;只认知不惬意之法,而认知不到惬意之法;只认知不可意之法,而认知不到可意之法。比丘们,这是你们的利益!比丘们,这是你们的大善得!比丘们,你们获得了修习梵行的良机!
‘‘Lābhā vo, bhikkhave, suladdhaṃ vo, bhikkhave, khaṇo vo, bhikkhave, paṭiladdho brahmacariyavāsāya. Diṭṭhā mayā, bhikkhave, cha phassāyatanikā nāma nirayā. Tattha yaṃ kiñci cakkhunā rūpaṃ passati aniṭṭharūpaṃyeva passati, no iṭṭharūpaṃ. Akantarūpaṃyeva passati, no kantarūpaṃ. Amanāparūpaṃyeva passati, no manāparūpaṃ.
1504“比丘们,我见过名为六触处的诸天界。在那里,无论眼看到什么色,都只看到可爱的色,而看不到不可爱的色;只看到惬意的色,而看不到不惬意的色;只看到可意的色,而看不到不可意的色。无论耳听到什么声……鼻嗅到什么香……舌尝到什么味……身触到什么触……意认知什么法,都只认知可爱之法,而认知不到不可爱之法;只认知惬意之法,而认知不到不惬意之法;只认知可意之法,而认知不到不可意之法。比丘们,这是你们的利益!比丘们,这是你们的大善得!比丘们,你们获得了修习梵行的良机!” 这就是果。
Yaṃ kiñci sotena saddaṃ suṇāti…pe… ghānena…pe… jivhāya…pe… kāyena…pe… yaṃ kiñci manasā dhammaṃ vijānāti aniṭṭhadhammaṃyeva vijānāti, no iṭṭhadhammaṃ. Akantadhammaṃyeva vijānāti, no kantadhammaṃ. Amanāpadhammaṃyeva vijānāti, no manāpadhammaṃ. Lābhā vo, bhikkhave, suladdhaṃ vo, bhikkhave, khaṇo vo, bhikkhave, paṭiladdho brahmacariyavāsāya.
1505「诸比丘,我见到名为六触处的诸天界。在那里,凡以眼见色,只见可喜之色,不见不可喜之色;只见可意之色,不见不可意之色;只见合意之色,不见不合意之色。凡以耳闻声……以鼻……以舌……以身……以意识法,只识可喜之法,不识不可喜之法;只识可意之法,不识不可意之法;只识合意之法,不识不合意之法。诸比丘,你们获得利益,诸比丘,你们善得,诸比丘,你们获得机会住于梵行。」这是果报。
‘‘Diṭṭhā mayā, bhikkhave, cha phassāyatanikā nāma saggā. Tattha yaṃ kiñci cakkhunā rūpaṃ passati iṭṭharūpaṃyeva passati, no aniṭṭharūpaṃ. Kantarūpaṃyeva passati, no akantarūpaṃ. Manāparūpaṃyeva passati, no amanāparūpaṃ. Yaṃ kiñci sotena saddaṃ suṇāti…pe… ghānena …pe… jivhāya…pe… kāyena…pe… manasā dhammaṃ vijānāti iṭṭhadhammaṃyeva vijānāti, no aniṭṭhadhammaṃ. Kantadhammaṃyeva vijānāti, no akantadhammaṃ. Manāpadhammaṃyeva vijānāti, no amanāpadhammaṃ. Lābhā vo, bhikkhave, suladdhaṃ vo, bhikkhave, khaṇo vo, bhikkhave, paṭiladdho brahmacariyavāsāyā’’ti. Ayaṃ vipāko.
1506在地狱中受煎熬者,何时才到尽头?”
‘‘Saṭṭhivassasahassāni, paripuṇṇāni sabbaso;
1507在地狱受煮者,何时有终结?
Niraye paccamānānaṃ , kadā anto bhavissati.
1508“没有边,又从何而有边呢?那边是不可现前的;
‘‘Natthi anto kuto anto, na anto paṭidissati ;
1509因为那时所做的恶业,是你与我所造作的,诸位尊者啊。”
Tadā hi pakataṃ pāpaṃ, tuyhaṃ mayhañca mārisā’’ti.
1510此是果报
Ayaṃ vipāko.
121在那里,什么是业与果报呢?
Tattha katamaṃ kammañca vipāko ca?
1512“行非法之人放逸,所到之处他将堕入恶趣;
‘‘Adhammacārī hi naro pamatto, yahiṃ yahiṃ gacchati duggatiṃ yo;
1513他所行的非法会毁了他,就像自己抓来的黑蛇一样。
So naṃ adhammo carito hanāti, sayaṃ gahīto yathā kaṇhasappo.
1514“法与非法,两者并没有同等的报果;
‘‘Na hi dhammo adhammo ca, ubho samavipākino;
1515非法导向地狱,法带来善趣。
Adhammo nirayaṃ neti, dhammo pāpeti suggati’’nti.
1516此业与果报
Idaṃ kammañca vipāko ca.
1517“诸比丘,不要害怕福德。诸比丘,这‘福德’就是可爱、可意、可喜、可悦的同义词。诸比丘,我确实长久以来所造的福德,体验过可爱、可意、可喜、可悦的果报:我修习慈心七年,在七次世界坏灭与形成的劫中,不再回到这个世界。诸比丘,在世界坏灭时,我确实生为光音天众生;在世界形成时,我投生于空的梵宫。在那里,诸比丘,我确实成为梵天、大梵天、征服者、不被征服者、无所不见者、自在者。诸比丘,我又确实三十六次成为帝释天王,无量百次成为转轮王、如法之法王、征服四方、国土安稳者、具足七宝者,更不必说地方王权了。那时,诸比丘,我这样想:‘这到底是何种业的果?何种业的果报?使得我现在有如此大神通、如此大威力。’那时,诸比丘,我这样想:‘这是三种业的果,三种业的果报,使我如今有如此大神通、如此大威力。即:布施、调御、自制。’在这里,布施、调御和自制,这就是业;以此因缘而体验的果报,这就是果。同样地,应将《小业分别经》解说。”
‘‘Mā, bhikkhave, puññānaṃ bhāyittha, sukhassetaṃ, bhikkhave, adhivacanaṃ iṭṭhassa kantassa piyassa manāpassa yadidaṃ puññāni. Abhijānāmi kho panāhaṃ, bhikkhave, dīgharattaṃ katānaṃ puññānaṃ iṭṭhaṃ kantaṃ piyaṃ manāpaṃ vipākaṃ paccanubhūtaṃ, satta vassāni mettacittaṃ bhāvetvā satta saṃvaṭṭavivaṭṭakappe na imaṃ lokaṃ punarāgamāsiṃ. Saṃvaṭṭamāne sudāhaṃ, bhikkhave, kappe ābhassarūpago homi. Vivaṭṭamāne kappe suññaṃ brahmavimānaṃ upapajjāmi. Tatra sudāhaṃ , bhikkhave, brahmā homi mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī. Chattiṃsakkhattuṃ kho panāhaṃ, bhikkhave, sakko ahosiṃ devānamindo, anekasatakkhattuṃ rājā ahosiṃ cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato, ko pana vādo padesarajjassa? Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, etadahosi ‘kissa nu kho me idaṃ kammassa phalaṃ, kissa kammassa vipāko, yenāhaṃ etarahi evaṃmahiddhiko evaṃmahānubhāvo’ti. Tassa mayhaṃ, bhikkhave, etadahosi ‘tiṇṇaṃ kho me idaṃ kammānaṃ phalaṃ, tiṇṇaṃ kammānaṃ vipāko. Yenāhaṃ etarahi evaṃmahiddhiko evaṃmahānubhāvo’ti. Seyyathidaṃ, dānassa damassa saṃyamassā’’ti. Tattha yañca dānaṃ yo ca damo yo ca saṃyamo, idaṃ kammaṃ. Yo tappaccayā vipāko paccanubhūto, ayaṃ vipāko. Tathā cūḷakammavibhaṅgo vattabbo.
1518这是世尊对多提耶之子、青年须跋的教导。其中,那些导致短命或长命、多病或无病、卑贱或尊贵、丑陋或美丽、低贱家族或高贵家族、贫穷或富有、愚痴或智慧的法,这就是业。而其中的短命或长命……乃至愚痴或智慧,这就是果报。这就是业与果报。
Yaṃ subhassa māṇavassa todeyyaputtassa desitaṃ. Tattha ye dhammā appāyukadīghāyukatāya saṃvattanti bahvābādhaappābādhatāya appesakkhamahesakkhatāya dubbaṇṇasuvaṇṇatāya nīcakulikauccakulikatāya appabhogamahābhogatāya duppaññapaññavantatāya ca saṃvattanti, idaṃ kammaṃ. Yā tattha appāyukadīghāyukatā…pe… duppaññapaññavantatā, ayaṃ vipāko. Idaṃ kammañca vipāko ca.
122在那里,什么是善的呢?
Tattha katamaṃ kusalaṃ?
1520“守护言语,以善制心,不以身行不善;
‘‘Vācānurakkhī manasā susaṃvuto, kāyena ca nākusalaṃ kayirā ;
1521应净化此三业道,应成就仙人所开示的道。”
Ete tayo kammapathe visodhaye, ārādhaye maggamisippavedita’’nti.
1522此善
Idaṃ kusalaṃ.
1523不以身、语、意作恶, 防护三处的人,我称他为婆罗门。
‘‘Yassa kāyena vācāya, manasā natthi dukkaṭaṃ;
1524比丘们,有这三种善根。哪三种?不贪是善根,不嗔是善根,不痴是善根。比丘们,这就是三种善根。这是善。
Saṃvutaṃ tīhi ṭhānehi, tamahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇa’’nti.
1525此善
Idaṃ kusalaṃ.
1526诸比丘,有此三善根。哪三种?无贪是善根,无嗔是善根,无痴是善根。诸比丘,这些是三善根。这是善。诸比丘,明是诸善法成就的前行者,随后是惭与愧。这是善。
‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, kusalamūlāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Alobho kusalamūlaṃ, adoso kusalamūlaṃ, amoho kusalamūlaṃ. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi kusalamūlāni. Idaṃ kusalaṃ. ‘‘Vijjā, bhikkhave , pubbaṅgamā kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ samāpattiyā anudeva hirī ottappañcā’’ti. Idaṃ kusalaṃ.
1527其中,什么是不善?
Tattha katamaṃ akusalaṃ?
1528谁有极端的破戒,如同蔓草覆没沙拉树,
‘‘Yassa accanta dussīlyaṃ, māluvā sālamivotthataṃ;
1529他对自己所做的,恰如敌人所希望的那样。
Karoti so tathattānaṃ, yathā naṃ icchatī diso’’ti.
1530此不善
Idaṃ akusalaṃ.
1531恶是自已作的,从自己生起,以自己为根源。
‘‘Attanā hi kataṃ pāpaṃ, attajaṃ attasambhavaṃ;
1532它折磨愚痴者,就像金刚杵碾碎宝石。
Abhimatthati dummedhaṃ, vajiraṃvasmamayaṃ maṇi’’nti.
1533此不善
Idaṃ akusalaṃ.
1534修习十善业道,远离一切不善行。
‘‘Dasa kammapathe niseviya, akusalākusalehi vivajjitā;
1535他们遭到天神的呵责,那些愚痴者在地狱中煎熬。
Garahā ca bhavanti devate, bālamatī nirayesu paccare’’ti.
1536此不善
Idaṃ akusalaṃ.
1537比丘们,有三种不善根。哪三种呢?贪欲是不善根,嗔恚是不善根,愚痴是不善根。比丘们,这就是三种不善根。这就是不善。
‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, akusalamūlāni , katamāni tīṇi? Lobho akusalamūlaṃ, doso akusalamūlaṃ, moho akusalamūlaṃ. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi akusalamūlāni’’. Idaṃ akusalaṃ.
1538这里面,什么是善与不善?
Tattha katamaṃ kusalañca akusalañca?
1539种下什么样的种子,就会收获什么样的果实;
‘‘Yādisaṃ vapate bījaṃ, tādisaṃ harate phalaṃ;
1540行善的人得到善果,作恶的人得到恶果。
Kalyāṇakārī kalyāṇaṃ, pāpakārī ca pāpaka’’nti.
1541其中,所说的“行善的人得到善果”,这就是善的。“作恶的人得到恶果”,这就是不善的。这就是善与不善。
Tattha yaṃ āha ‘‘kalyāṇakārī kalyāṇa’’nti, idaṃ kusalaṃ. Yaṃ āha ‘‘pāpakārī ca pāpaka’’nti, idaṃ akusalaṃ. Idaṃ kusalañca akusalañca.
1542由美好的业而投生善趣,由不美好的业而投生恶趣之地;
‘‘Subhena kammena vajanti suggatiṃ, apāyabhūmiṃ asubhena kammunā;
1543而当业灭尽时,心得解脱的人,他们便寂灭了,如同灯火因燃料耗尽而熄灭。
Khayā ca kammassa vimuttacetaso, nibbanti te jotirivindhanakkhayā’’.
1544其中,所说的“由美好的业而投生善趣”,这就是善的。“由不美好的业而投生恶趣之地”,这就是不善的。这就是善与不善。
Tattha yaṃ āha ‘‘subhena kammena vajanti suggati’’nti, idaṃ kusalaṃ. Yaṃ āha ‘‘apāyabhūmiṃ asubhena kammunā’’ti, idaṃ akusalaṃ. Idaṃ kusalañca akusalañca.
123这当中,什么是被认可的呢?
Tattha katamaṃ anuññātaṃ?
1546就像蜜蜂采花,不伤害花的颜色和香气,
‘‘Yathāpi bhamaro pupphaṃ, vaṇṇagandhamaheṭhayaṃ ;
1547采了蜜就飞走,修行者游历村落也应当如此。
Paleti rasamādāya, evaṃ gāme munī care’’ti.
1548此已允许
Idaṃ anuññātaṃ.
1549比丘们,有这三件事是比丘们应该努力去做的。哪三件呢?比丘们,这里,比丘安住于巴帝摩卡律仪的防护,具足行处与行境,在微细的过错上也看见危险,受持并学习各种学处,身体的行为和语言的行为都充满善,活命完全清净。他又能发奋精进,有力量,有坚毅的努力,不放下重担,为的是断除那些不善的法,修习和证悟那些善的法。他又具备智慧,成就了能洞察生灭、通向圣道、能摧破烦恼、正确地导向灭尽诸苦的智慧。比丘们,这就是比丘们应该努力去做的三件事。这是佛陀认可的。
‘‘Tīṇimāni , bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ karaṇīyāni. Katamāni tīṇi, idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu, kāyakammavacīkammena samannāgato kusalena parisuddhājīvo. Āraddhavīriyo kho pana hoti thāmavā daḷhaparakkamo anikkhittadhuro akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ bhāvanāya sacchikiriyāya. Paññavā kho pana hoti udayatthagāminiyā paññāya samannāgato ariyāya nibbedhikāya sammā dukkhakkhayagāminiyā. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṃ tīṇi karaṇīyānī’’ti. Idaṃ anuññātaṃ.
1550比丘们,有这十种法是出家人应当常常反复省思的。哪十种呢?出家人应当常常反复省思:'我已经进入了没有世俗华饰的状态'……(中略)……比丘们,这就是出家人应当常常反复省思的十种法。这是佛陀认可的。
‘‘Dasayime , bhikkhave, dhammā pabbajitena abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhitabbā. Katame dasa? ‘Vevaṇṇiyamhi ajjhupagato’ti pabbajitena abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhitabbaṃ…pe… ime kho bhikkhave dasa dhammā pabbajitena abhiṇhaṃ paccavekkhitabbā’’ti. Idaṃ anuññātaṃ.
1551比丘们,有三件事是应该努力做的。哪三件呢?就是身体的善行、语言的善行和意念的善行。比丘们,这就是应该努力做的三件事。这是佛陀认可的。
‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, karaṇīyāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Kāyasucaritaṃ vacīsucaritaṃ manosucaritanti. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi karaṇīyānī’’ti. Idaṃ anuññātaṃ.
1552其中,被反驳的是什么呢?
Tattha katamaṃ paṭikkhittaṃ?
1553“没有与儿子等同的爱,没有与牛群等同的财富;
‘‘Natthi puttasamaṃ pemaṃ, natthi gosamitaṃ dhanaṃ;
1554没有与太阳等同的光明,大海是众流之最上。”
Natthi sūriyasamā ābhā, samuddaparamā sarā’’ti.
1555世尊说——
Bhagavā āha –
1556世尊说:
Bhagavā āha –
1557“没有与自身等同的爱,没有与谷物等同的财富;
‘‘Natthi attasamaṃ pemaṃ, natthi dhaññasamaṃ dhanaṃ;
1558没有与智慧等同的光明,雨水是众流之最上。”
Natthi paññāsamā ābhā, vuṭṭhiveparamā sarā’’ti.
1559这里,前面这个,这是被否定的。
Ettha yaṃ purimakaṃ, idaṃ paṭikkhittaṃ.
1560“比丘们,有这三件不应做之事。哪三件?身恶行、语恶行、意恶行。比丘们,这就是三件不应做之事。”这是被否定的。
‘‘Tīṇimāni , bhikkhaveऋ akaraṇīyāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Kāyaduccaritaṃ vacīduccaritaṃ manoduccaritanti. Imāni kho, bhikkhave, tīṇi akaraṇīyānī’’ti. Idaṃ paṭikkhittaṃ.
124其中,什么是许可的和被否定的?
Tattha katamaṃ anuññātañca paṭikkhittañca?
1562“这里,众多的人们究竟为何恐惧?道路被说为多种途径;
‘‘Kiṃsūdha bhītā janatā anekā, maggo canekāyatano pavutto ;
1563乔达摩,智慧深广者,我向你请教:一个人依止于什么,才不会畏惧他世?”
Pucchāmi taṃ gotama bhūripañña, kismiṃ ṭhito paralokaṃ na bhāyeti.
1564“端正地发起了言语和心意,不以身体造作恶行,
‘‘Vācaṃ manañca paṇidhāya sammā, kāyena pāpāni akubbamāno;
1565拥有丰富的饮食,住在家里,有信心,性格柔和,乐于分享,言辞和顺;
Bahvannapānaṃ gharamāvasanto, saddho mudū saṃvibhāgī vadaññū;
1566安住在这四种法之中,住立于法的人,不会畏惧来世。
Etesu dhammesu ṭhito catūsu, dhamme ṭhito paralokaṃ na bhāye’’ti.
1567其中,所说的“正确地安立语与意”,这是被认可的;“不以身造作恶行”,这是被遮止的。“拥有丰富的饮食,住在家里,有信心、柔和、乐于分享、言辞和顺。安住在这四种法之中,住立于法的人,不会畏惧来世”,这是被认可的。这些就是认可与遮止的内容。
Tattha yaṃ āha ‘‘vācaṃ manañca paṇidhāya sammā’’ti, idaṃ anuññātaṃ. ‘‘Kāyena pāpāni akubbamāno’’ti, idaṃ paṭikkhittaṃ. ‘‘Bahvannapānaṃ gharamāvasanto, saddho mudū saṃvibhāgī vadaññū. Etesu dhammesu ṭhito catūsu, dhamme ṭhito paralokaṃ na bhāye’’ti, idaṃ anuññātaṃ. Idaṃ anuññātañca paṭikkhittañca.
1568“一切恶的不做,一切善的具足,
‘‘Sabbapāpassa akaraṇaṃ, kusalassa upasampadā;
1569清净自己的心意,这就是诸佛的教诫。”
Sacittapariyodāpanaṃ, etaṃ buddhānasāsanaṃ’’.
1570其中,所说的“一切恶的不做”,这是被遮止的;所说的“善的具足”,这是被认可的。这些就是认可与遮止的内容。
Tattha yaṃ āha ‘‘sabbapāpassa akaraṇa’’nti, idaṃ paṭikkhittaṃ, yaṃ āha ‘‘kusalassa upasampadā’’ti, idaṃ anuññātaṃ. Idaṃ anuññātañca paṭikkhittañca.
1571“天帝释,我说身的行为有两种:应亲近的、不应亲近的。天帝释,我说语的行为有两种:应亲近的、不应亲近的。天帝释,我说意的行为有两种……天帝释,我说寻求也有两种:应亲近的、不应亲近的。”
‘‘Kāyasamācārampāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi asevitabbampi. Vacīsamācārampāhaṃ , devānaminda , duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi asevitabbampi. Manosamācārampāhaṃ devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi…pe… pariyesanampāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi asevitabbampi’’.
1572“天帝释,我说身的行为有两种:应亲近的、不应亲近的。”——这话确实是这么说的,但它是根据什么而说的呢?凡是这样一种身的行为:在亲近它时,不善法增长,善法衰退——这样的身行为不应亲近。而在这里,如果你知道某一种身的行为:“在我亲近这种身行为时,不善法衰退,善法增长”——这样的身行为就应亲近。“天帝释,我说身的行为有两种:应亲近的、不应亲近的。”——那句话,是根据这个而说的。“语的行为”……“天帝释,我说寻求也有两种:应亲近的、不应亲近的。”——这话确实是这么说的,但它是根据什么而说的呢?凡是这样一种寻求:在亲近它时,不善法增长,善法衰退——这样的寻求不应亲近。而在这里,如果你知道某一种寻求:“在我亲近这种寻求时,不善法衰退,善法增长”——这样的寻求就应亲近。“天帝释,我说寻求也有两种:应亲近的、不应亲近的。”——那句话,是根据这个而说的。
‘‘Kāyasamācārampāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi asevitabbampī’’ti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ, kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ. Yathārūpañca kho kāyasamācāraṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, evarūpo kāyasamācāro na sevitabbo. Tattha yaṃ jaññā kāyasamācāraṃ ‘‘imaṃ kho me kāyasamācāraṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’’ti, evarūpo kāyasamācāro sevitabbo. ‘‘Kāyasamācārampāhaṃ devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi asevitabbampī’’ti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ. ‘‘Vacīsamācāraṃ…pe… ‘‘pariyesanampāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi asevitabbampī’’ti iti kho panetaṃ vuttaṃ, kiñcetaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ. Yathārūpañca kho pariyesanaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhanti, kusalā dhammā parihāyanti, evarūpā pariyesanā na sevitabbā. Tattha yaṃ jaññā pariyesanaṃ ‘‘imaṃ kho me pariyesanaṃ sevato akusalā dhammā parihāyanti, kusalā dhammā abhivaḍḍhantī’’ti, evarūpā pariyesanā sevitabbā. ‘‘Pariyesanampāhaṃ, devānaminda, duvidhena vadāmi sevitabbampi asevitabbampī’’ti iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ.
1573在这里,当他说“应亲近的”,这是准许的。当他说“不应亲近的”,这是禁止的。这就是准许的和禁止的。
Tattha yaṃ āha ‘‘sevitabbampī’’ti, idaṃ anuññātaṃ. Yaṃ āha ‘‘na sevitabbampī’’ti, idaṃ paṭikkhittaṃ. Idaṃ anuññātañca paṭikkhittañca.
170这里,什么是称赞?
Tattha katamo thavo?
1575“八支道是路中最胜的,真理中是四句;
‘‘Maggānaṭṭhaṅgiko seṭṭho, saccānaṃ caturo padā;
1576诸法中以离欲为最胜,两足类中以具眼者为最胜。”
Virāgo seṭṭho dhammānaṃ, dvipadānañca cakkhumā’’ti.
1577此苦行
Ayaṃ thavo.
1578“比丘们,有这三种至高无上的事物。哪三种呢?比丘们,无论有多少众生——无论是无足的、两足的、四足的,还是多足的;不论是有色身的,还是无色身的;是有想的、无想的,还是非想非非想的——如来在他们之中,被宣称为最上、最胜、最优,也就是那位阿拉汉、已完全觉悟者。比丘们,无论有多少被施设、被建构的法,或不被建构的法,离欲在那些法之中,被宣称为最上、最胜、最优,也就是摧毁骄慢……乃至……寂灭、涅槃。比丘们,无论有多少被施设的团体、被施设的群众、被施设的大众集会,如来的声闻僧团在其中,被宣称为最上、最胜、最优,也就是四双八辈……乃至……世间无上的福田。”
‘‘Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, aggāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Yāvatā, bhikkhave, sattā apadā vā dvipadā vā catuppadā vā bahuppadā vā rūpino vā arūpino vā saññino vā asaññino vā nevasaññīnāsaññino vā, tathāgato tesaṃ aggamakkhāyati seṭṭhamakkhāyati pavaramakkhāyati , yadidaṃ arahaṃ sammāsambuddho. Yāvatā, bhikkhave, dhammānaṃ paṇṇattisaṅkhatānaṃ vā asaṅkhatānaṃ vā, virāgo tesaṃ dhammānaṃ aggamakkhāyati seṭṭhamakkhāyati pavaramakkhāyati, yadidaṃ madanimmadano…pe… nirodho nibbānaṃ. Yāvatā, bhikkhave, saṅghānaṃ paṇṇatti gaṇānaṃ paṇṇatti mahājanasannipātānaṃ paṇṇatti, tathāgatasāvakasaṅgho tesaṃ aggamakkhāyati seṭṭhamakkhāyati pavaramakkhāyati, yadidaṃ cattāri purisayugāni aṭṭha purisapuggalā…pe… puññakkhettaṃ lokassāti.
1579“超越一切世间的导师,以及被认定为善妙的法,
‘‘Sabbalokuttaro satthā, dhammo ca kusalakkhato ;
1580还有人中之狮的弟子众,这三者无与伦比,最为殊胜。”
Gaṇo ca narasīhassa, tāni tīṇi vississare.
1581“沙门的如莲花般的聚集,那即是僧团;殊胜的法,为智者们所尊崇;
‘‘Samaṇapadumasañcayo gaṇo, dhammavaro ca vidūnaṃ sakkato;
1582能调伏人中的优胜者、具眼者,这三样,是世间最超越的。”
Naravaradamako ca cakkhumā, tāni tīṇi lokassa uttari.
1583“无与伦比的导师,完全无害的法,
‘‘Satthā ca appaṭisamo, dhammo ca sabbo nirupadāho;
1584圣者与最胜的僧团,那三者确实被分别宣说。
Ariyo ca gaṇavaro, tāni khalu vississare tīṇi.
1585名为真理的胜利者、安稳者、降伏一切者,真理之法,其上更无其他。
‘‘Saccanāmo jino khemo sabbābhibhū, saccadhammo natthañño tassa uttari;
1586圣僧伽恒常受到智者的崇敬,这三者在世间上最为殊胜。
Ariyasaṅgho niccaṃ viññūnaṃ pūjito, tāni tīṇi lokassa uttari.
1587那看见生灭尽头的人,怀着利益与怜悯,了知这一乘道。
‘‘Ekāyanaṃ jātikhayantadassī, maggaṃ pajānāti hitānukampī;
1588过去由这条道路渡过暴流,未来将渡过的,以及现在正渡过的,都凭此路渡过暴流。
Etena maggena tariṃsu pubbe, tarissanti ye ca taranti oghaṃ.
1589那样一位在天神与人中最尊贵者。
‘‘Taṃ tādisaṃ devamanussaseṭṭhaṃ;
1590「人们礼敬那些渴望看见清净的人。」
Sattā namassanti visuddhipekkhā’’ti.
1591此苦行
Ayaṃ thavoti.
1592其中,世间的经典应该用两种经典来说明:杂染部分的经典和熏习部分的经典。出世间的经典应该用三种经典来说明:见道部分的经典、修道部分的经典和无学部分的经典。至于世间和出世间两方面,在任何经典中,凡是出现杂染部分的词句或熏习部分的词句,就应当由此说明它是世间的;凡是出现见道部分的词句、修道部分的词句或无学部分的词句,就应当由此说明它是出世间的。
Tattha lokiyaṃ suttaṃ dvīhi suttehi niddisitabbaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyena ca vāsanābhāgiyena ca. Lokuttaraṃpi suttaṃ tīhi suttehi niddisitabbaṃ dassanabhāgiyena ca bhāvanābhāgiyena ca asekkhabhāgiyena ca. Lokiyañca lokuttarañca. Yasmiṃ sutte yaṃ yaṃ padaṃ dissati saṃkilesabhāgiyaṃ vā vāsanābhāgiyaṃ vā, tena tena lokiyanti niddisitabbaṃ, dassanabhāgiyaṃ vā bhāvanābhāgiyaṃ vā asekkhabhāgiyaṃ vā yaṃ yaṃ padaṃ dissati tena tena lokuttaranti niddisitabbaṃ.
1593熏习部分的经典是为了摧毁杂染部分的经典;见道部分的经典是为了摧毁熏习部分的经典;修道部分的经典是为了舍弃见道部分的经典;无学部分的经典是为了舍弃修道部分的经典;而无学部分的经典则是为了现法乐住的目的。
Vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyassa suttassa nigghātāya, dassanabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ vāsanābhāgiyassa suttassa nigghātāya, bhāvanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ dassanabhāgiyassa suttassa paṭinissaggāya, asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ bhāvanābhāgiyassa suttassa paṭinissaggāya, asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ diṭṭhadhammasukhavihāratthaṃ.
1594出世间的经典,有七种立足处,应当用二十六种人来加以说明;那些人应当通过三种经典来被寻找,即见道部分的经典、修道部分的经典和无学部分的经典。
Lokuttaraṃ suttaṃ sattādhiṭṭhānaṃ chabbīsatiyā puggalehi niddisitabbaṃ, te tīhi suttehi samanvesitabbā dassanabhāgiyena bhāvanābhāgiyena asekkhabhāgiyena cāti.
1595其中,见道部分的经典应当用五种人来说明:一种是极七返者、一种是家家者、一种是一来者,以及一种信随行者、一种是法随行者。见道部分的经典,应当用这五种人来说明。修道部分的经典应当用十二种人来说明:一种是正为证得一来果而修行的人,一种是一来者,一种是正为证得不还果而修行的人,一种是不还者,一种是中般涅槃者,一种是生般涅槃者,一种是无行般涅槃者,一种是有行般涅槃者,一种是上流、趋向于色究竟天的人,一种是信解脱者,一种是见至者,一种是身证者。修道部分的经典,应当用这十二种人来说明。无学部分的经典应当用九种人来说明:一种是信解脱者,一种是慧解脱者,一种是空解脱者,一种是无相解脱者,一种是无愿解脱者,一种是俱分解脱者,一种是等头者,以及独觉和正等正觉者。无学部分的经典,应当用这九种人来说明。如上所说,出世间的经典,有七种立足处,应当用这二十六种人来说明。
Tattha dassanabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ pañcahi puggalehi niddisitabbaṃ ekabījinā kolaṃkolena sattakkhattuparamena saddhānusārinā dhammānusārinā cāti, dassanabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ imehi pañcahi puggalehi niddisitabbaṃ. Bhāvanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ dvādasahi puggalehi niddisitabbaṃ sakadāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipannena, sakadāgāminā, anāgāmiphalasacchikiriyāya paṭipannena, anāgāminā , antarā parinibbāyinā, upahacca parinibbāyinā, asaṅkhāraparinibbāyinā, sasaṅkhāraparinibbāyinā, uddhaṃsotena akaniṭṭhagāminā, saddhāvimuttena, diṭṭhippattena, kāyasakkhinā cāti, bhāvanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ imehi dvādasahi puggalehi niddisitabbaṃ. Asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ navahi puggalehi niddisitabbaṃ saddhāvimuttena, paññāvimuttena, suññatavimuttena, animittavimuttena, appaṇihitavimuttena, ubhatobhāgavimuttena samasīsinā paccekabuddhasammāsambuddhehi cāti, asekkhabhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ imehi navahi puggalehi niddisitabbaṃ. Evaṃ lokuttaraṃ suttaṃ sattādhiṭṭhānaṃ imehi chabbīsatiyā puggalehi niddisitabbaṃ.
1596世间的经典,有七种立足处,应当用十九种人来说明。那些人,是经由他们的习性行径被指出后,应当被寻找的:有些是贪行者,有些是嗔行者,有些是痴行者,有些是贪行者兼嗔行者,有些是贪行者兼痴行者,有些是嗔行者兼痴行者,有些是贪行者、嗔行者兼痴行者;还有,站在贪之入口的贪行者,站在贪之入口的嗔行者,站在贪之入口的痴行者,站在贪之入口的贪行者、嗔行者兼痴行者;站在嗔之入口的嗔行者,站在嗔之入口的痴行者,站在嗔之入口的贪行者,站在嗔之入口的贪行者、嗔行者兼痴行者;站在痴之入口的痴行者,站在痴之入口的贪行者,站在痴之入口的嗔行者,站在痴之入口的贪行者、嗔行者兼痴行者。世间的经典,有七种立足处,应当用这十九种人来说明。
Lokiyaṃ suttaṃ sattādhiṭṭhānaṃ ekūnavīsatiyā puggalehi niddisitabbaṃ. Te caritehi niddiṭṭhā samanvesitabbā keci rāgacaritā, keci dosacaritā, keci mohacaritā, keci rāgacaritā ca dosacaritā ca, keci rāgacaritā ca mohacaritā ca, keci dosacaritā ca mohacaritā ca, keci rāgacaritā ca dosacaritā ca mohacaritā ca, rāgamukhe ṭhito rāgacarito, rāgamukhe ṭhito dosacarito, rāgamukhe ṭhito mohacarito, rāgamukhe ṭhito rāgacarito ca dosacarito ca mohacarito ca, dosamukhe ṭhito dosacarito, dosamukhe ṭhito mohacarito, dosamukhe ṭhito rāgacarito, dosamukhe ṭhito rāgacarito ca dosacarito ca mohacarito ca, mohamukhe ṭhito mohacarito, mohamukhe ṭhito rāgacarito mohamukhe ṭhito dosacarito, mohamukhe ṭhito rāgacarito ca dosacarito ca mohacarito cāti, lokiyaṃ suttaṃ sattādhiṭṭhānaṃ imehi ekūnavīsatiyā puggalehi niddisitabbaṃ.
1597与习行分相关的经文应当由持戒者来解说。那些持戒者有五种人:本性戒成就者、受持戒成就者、心净信成就者、止成就者和观成就者。与习行分相关的经文应当由这五种人来解说。
Vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ sīlavantehi niddisitabbaṃ, te sīlavanto pañca puggalā pakatisīlaṃ samādānasīlaṃ cittappasādo samatho vipassanā cāti, vāsanābhāgiyaṃ suttaṃ imehi pañcahi puggalehi niddisitabbaṃ.
1598以法为立足处的出世间经,应当由三种经来解说:见分经、修分经和无学分经。
Lokuttaraṃ suttaṃ dhammādhiṭṭhānaṃ tīhi suttehi niddisitabbaṃ dassanabhāgiyena bhāvanābhāgiyena asekkhabhāgiyena ca.
1599世间与出世间、以众生为依止和以法为依止的,应当由两者来解说。智应当以慧来解说,即通过慧根、慧力、增上慧学、择法觉支、正见、简择、审察、法智、类智、尽智、无生智、未知当知根、已知根、具知根、眼、明、觉、广慧、念慧。再者,无论获得什么慧的异名,就以那个慧的名称来解说。
Lokiyañca lokuttarañca sattādhiṭṭhānañca dhammādhiṭṭhānañca ubhayena niddisitabbaṃ, ñāṇaṃ paññāya niddisitabbaṃ paññindriyena paññābalena adhipaññāsikkhāya dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgena sammādiṭṭhiyā tīraṇāya santīraṇāya dhamme ñāṇena anvaye ñāṇena khaye ñāṇena anuppāde ñāṇena anaññātaññassāmītindriyena aññindriyena aññātāvindriyena cakkhunā vijjāya buddhiyā bhūriyā medhāya, yaṃ yaṃ vā pana labbhati, tena tena paññādhivacanena niddisitabbaṃ.
1600所知应当通过过去、未来、现在,内、外,劣、胜,远、近,有为、无为,善、不善、无记来解说,或者简略地说,通过六种所缘来解说。智和所知应当由两者来解说。慧也是作为所缘的所知。任何作为所缘的东西,无论内在的还是外在的,一切都应当通过有为和无为来解说。
Ñeyyaṃ atītānāgatapaccuppannehi ajjhattikabāhirehi hīnappaṇītehi dūrasantikehi saṅkhatāsaṅkhatehi kusalākusalābyākatehi saṅkhepato vā chahi ārammaṇehi niddisitabbaṃ. Ñāṇañca ñeyyañca tadubhayena niddisitabbaṃ, paññāpi ārammaṇabhūtā ñeyyaṃ, yaṃ kiñci ārammaṇabhūtaṃ ajjhattikaṃ vā bāhiraṃ vā, sabbaṃ taṃ saṅkhatena asaṅkhatena ca niddisitabbaṃ.
1601见与修、自己的话与他人的话、应回答与不应回答、业与果报——在任何地方,对于这些成对的概念,都应按照经中解说的那样,领会之后,依据所得的方式来解说。再者,无论世尊说什么特定的话,一切都应按照所解说的那样来受持。
Dassanaṃ bhāvanā sakavacanaṃ paravacanaṃ visajjanīyaṃ avisajjanīyaṃ kammaṃ vipākoti sabbattha tadubhayaṃ sutte yathā niddiṭṭhaṃ, tathā upadhārayitvā labbhamānato niddisitabbaṃ, yaṃ vā pana kiñci bhagavā aññataravacanaṃ bhāsati, sabbaṃ taṃ yathāniddiṭṭhaṃ dhārayitabbaṃ.
1602因有两种:业和烦恼。集属于烦恼。其中,烦恼应当以杂染分经来解说。集应当以杂染分经和习行分经来解说。其中,善应当由四种经来解说:习行分经、见分经、修分经和无学分经。不善应当以杂染分经来解说。善与不善应当由两者来解说。世尊所允许的,应以允许的理由来解说,它有五种:防护、断除、修习、证得、适宜随顺。在各类阶段上所见到的,应以适宜随顺来解说。世尊所禁止的,应以禁止的理由来解说。允许与禁止两者,应当由两者来解说。赞叹应当以称赞来解说。这种赞叹应被理解为五种:对世尊的赞叹、对法的赞叹、对圣僧的赞叹、对圣法之学的赞叹、对世间功德成就的赞叹。如是,赞叹应当以这五种方式来解说。
Duvidho hetu yañca kammaṃ ye ca kilesā, samudayo kilesā. Tattha kilesā saṃkilesabhāgiyena suttena niddisitabbā. Samudayo saṃkilesabhāgiyena ca vāsanābhāgiyena ca suttena niddisitabbo. Tattha kusalaṃ catūhi suttehi niddisitabbaṃ vāsanābhāgiyena dassanabhāgiyena bhāvanābhāgiyena asekkhabhāgiyena ca. Akusalaṃ saṃkilesabhāgiyena suttena niddisitabbaṃ . Kusalañca akusalañca tadubhayena niddisitabbaṃ. Anuññātaṃ bhagavato anuññātāya niddisitabbaṃ, taṃ pañcavidhaṃ saṃvaro pahānaṃ bhāvanā sacchikiriyā kappiyānulomoti, yaṃ dissati tāsu tāsu bhūmīsu, taṃ kappiyānulomena niddisitabbaṃ. Paṭikkhittaṃ bhagavatā paṭikkhittakāraṇena niddisitabbaṃ. Anuññātañca paṭikkhittañca tadubhayena niddisitabbaṃ. Thavo pasaṃsāya niddisitabbo. So pañcavidhena veditabbo bhagavato dhammassa ariyasaṅghassa ariyadhammānaṃ sikkhāya lokiyaguṇasampattiyāti. Evaṃ thavo pañcavidhena niddisitabbo.
1603根界应当用九句来说明,烦恼界应当用九句来说明。这样,这十八句就是九句善、九句不善。正如所说:‘十八根本句在哪里可看到?在教法的立足处。’因此,尊者大迦旃延这样说——
Indriyabhūmi navahi padehi niddisitabbā, kilesabhūmi navahi padehi niddisitabbā, evametāni aṭṭhārasa padāni honti nava padāni kusalāni nava padāni akusalānīti, tathāhi vuttaṃ ‘‘aṭṭhārasa mūlapadā kuhiṃ daṭṭhabbā, sāsanappaṭṭhāne’’ti. Tenāha āyasmā mahākaccāyano –
1604“以九句善,以九句不善之类相应;
‘‘Navahi ca padehi kusalā, navahi ca yujjanti akusalappakkhā;
1605这些就是根本句,成为十八句。”
Ete khalu mūlapadā, bhavanti aṭṭhārasa padānī’’ti.
1606教法建立之连结
Niyuttaṃ sāsanappaṭṭhānaṃ.
1607至此,尊者大迦旃延所讲说、世尊所认可、在最初结集中所结集的《导论》就圆满了。
Ettāvatā samattā netti yā āyasmatā mahākaccāyanena bhāsitā bhagavatā anumoditā mūlasaṅgītiyaṃ saṅgītāti.
1608《导论》完
Nettippakaraṇaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.