AN 163 · 4. 优波离品
14. 优波离品
4. Upālivaggo
21. 优波离经
1. Upālisuttaṃ
31那时，具寿优波离去到世尊那里；到了之后，礼敬世尊，在一旁坐下。在一旁坐下的具寿优波离对世尊这样说——「尊者，如来缘于多少义利而为诸声闻制定学处、诵说巴帝摩卡呢？」
Atha kho āyasmā upāli yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā upāli bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kati nu kho, bhante, atthavase paṭicca tathāgatena sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ, pātimokkhaṃ uddiṭṭha’’nti?
4「优波离，如来缘于十种义利而为诸声闻制定学处、诵说巴帝摩卡。哪十种呢？为了僧团的善妙，为了僧团的安乐，为了折服难调伏的人，为了善行诸比丘的安住，为了防护现法诸漏，为了遮止后世诸漏，为了未信者的信乐，为了已信者的增长，为了正法的久住，为了随顺律——优波离，如来缘于这十种义利而为诸声闻制定学处、诵说巴帝摩卡。」第一。
‘‘Dasa kho, upāli, atthavase paṭicca tathāgatena sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ, pātimokkhaṃ uddiṭṭhaṃ. Katame dasa? Saṅghasuṭṭhutāya, saṅghaphāsutāya, dummaṅkūnaṃ puggalānaṃ niggahāya, pesalānaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ phāsuvihārāya, diṭṭhadhammikānaṃ āsavānaṃ saṃvarāya, samparāyikānaṃ āsavānaṃ paṭighātāya, appasannānaṃ pasādāya, pasannānaṃ bhiyyobhāvāya, saddhammaṭṭhitiyā, vinayānuggahāya – ime kho, upāli, dasa atthavase paṭicca tathāgatena sāvakānaṃ sikkhāpadaṃ paññattaṃ, pātimokkhaṃ uddiṭṭha’’nti. Paṭhamaṃ.
52. 巴帝摩卡停止经
2. Pātimokkhaṭṭhapanāsuttaṃ
32「尊者，有多少巴帝摩卡的停止呢？」「优波离，有十种巴帝摩卡的停止。哪十种呢？犯巴拉基咖者坐在那个众中，巴拉基咖的讨论未决；未具足戒者坐在那个众中，未具足戒者的讨论未决；舍弃学者坐在那个众中，舍弃学者的讨论未决；般荼咖坐在那个众中，般荼咖的讨论未决；污染比丘尼者坐在那个众中，污染比丘尼者的讨论未决——优波离，这是十种巴帝摩卡的停止。」第二。
‘‘Kati nu kho, bhante, pātimokkhaṭṭhapanā’’ti? ‘‘Dasa kho, upāli, pātimokkhaṭṭhapanā. Katame dasa? Pārājiko tassaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti , pārājikakathā vippakatā hoti, anupasampanno tassaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti, anupasampannakathā vippakatā hoti, sikkhaṃ paccakkhātako tassaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti, sikkhaṃ paccakkhātakakathā vippakatā hoti, paṇḍako tassaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti, paṇḍakakathā vippakatā hoti, bhikkhunidūsako tassaṃ parisāyaṃ nisinno hoti, bhikkhunidūsakakathā vippakatā hoti – ime kho, upāli, dasa pātimokkhaṭṭhapanā’’ti. Dutiyaṃ.
73. 举罪经
3. Ubbāhikāsuttaṃ
33「尊者，具足多少法的比丘应被指定为举罪者呢？」「优波离，具足十法的比丘应被指定为举罪者。哪十种呢？优波离，这里，比丘是持戒者；以巴帝摩卡律仪防护而住，具足行与行处，于微细的罪中见怖畏，受持学习于诸学处；是多闻者、持法者、积聚所闻者，那些法初善、中善、后善，有义、有文，宣说完全圆满、遍净的梵行，这样的法他多闻、忆持、以语熟练、以意观察、以见善通达；他的两部巴帝摩卡已被详细地善学、分别论、善通晓、善抉择，依经文、依字句；他住于律中而不动摇；他能够劝导、教导、令入、令见、令欢喜双方的争论者与反对者；他善巧于诤事的生起与止息——他知诤事；他知诤事之集；他知诤事之灭；他知导向诤事灭之道。优波离，具足这十法的比丘应被指定为举罪者。」第三。
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabbo’’ti? ‘‘Dasahi kho, upāli, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabbo. Katamehi dasahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti; pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo, ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ abhivadanti, tathārūpāssa dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; ubhayāni kho panassa pātimokkhāni vitthārena svāgatāni honti suvibhattāni suppavattīni suvinicchitāni suttaso anubyañjanaso; vinaye kho pana ṭhito hoti asaṃhīro; paṭibalo hoti ubho atthapaccatthike saññāpetuṃ paññāpetuṃ nijjhāpetuṃ pekkhetuṃ pasādetuṃ; adhikaraṇasamuppādavūpasamakusalo hoti – adhikaraṇaṃ jānāti; adhikaraṇasamudayaṃ jānāti; adhikaraṇanirodhaṃ jānāti; adhikaraṇanirodhagāminiṃ paṭipadaṃ jānāti. Imehi kho, upāli, dasahi dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu ubbāhikāya sammannitabbo’’ti. Tatiyaṃ.
94. 达上经
4. Upasampadāsuttaṃ
34「尊者，具足多少法的比丘应授人达上呢？」「优波离，具足十法的比丘应授人达上。哪十种呢？优波离，这里，比丘是持戒者，以巴帝摩卡律仪防护而住，具足行与行处，于微细的罪中见怖畏，受持学习于诸学处；是多闻者、持法者、积聚所闻者，那些法初善、中善、后善，有义、有文，宣说完全圆满、遍净的梵行，这样的法他多闻、忆持、以语熟练、以意观察、以见善通达；他的巴帝摩卡已被详细地善学、分别论、善通晓、善抉择，依经文、依字句；他能够看护病者或令人看护；他能够遣除不乐或令人遣除；他能够如法地除去已生起的追悔；他能够如法地分离已生起的邪见；他能够令入于增上戒；他能够令入于增上心；他能够令入于增上慧。优波离，具足这十法的比丘应授人达上。」第四。
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā upasampādetabba’’nti? ‘‘Dasahi kho, upāli, dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā upasampādetabbaṃ. Katamehi dasahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṃvarasaṃvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti sutadharo sutasannicayo, ye te dhammā ādikalyāṇā majjhekalyāṇā pariyosānakalyāṇā sātthaṃ sabyañjanaṃ kevalaparipuṇṇaṃ parisuddhaṃ brahmacariyaṃ abhivadanti, tathārūpāssa dhammā bahussutā honti dhātā vacasā paricitā manasānupekkhitā diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; pātimokkhaṃ kho panassa vitthārena svāgataṃ hoti suvibhattaṃ suppavattaṃ suvinicchitaṃ suttaso anubyañjanaso; paṭibalo hoti gilānaṃ upaṭṭhātuṃ vā upaṭṭhāpetuṃ vā; paṭibalo hoti anabhiratiṃ vūpakāsetuṃ vā vūpakāsāpetuṃ vā; paṭibalo hoti uppannaṃ kukkuccaṃ dhammato vinodetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti uppannaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ dhammato vivecetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti adhisīle samādapetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti adhicitte samādapetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti adhipaññāya samādapetuṃ. Imehi kho, upāli, dasahi dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā upasampādetabba’’nti. Catutthaṃ.
115. 依止经
5. Nissayasuttaṃ
35「尊者，具足多少法的比丘应给予依止呢？」「优波离，具足十法的比丘应给予依止。哪十种呢？优波离，这里，比丘是持戒者……乃至……受持学习于诸学处；是多闻者……乃至……以见善通达；他的巴帝摩卡已被详细地善学、分别论、善通晓、善抉择，依经文、依字句；他能够看护病者或令人看护；他能够遣除不乐或令人遣除；他能够如法地除去已生起的追悔；他能够如法地分离已生起的邪见；他能够令入于增上戒……乃至……增上心……增上慧。优波离，具足这十法的比丘应给予依止。」第五。
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nissayo dātabbo’’ti? ‘‘Dasahi kho, upāli, dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nissayo dātabbo. Katamehi dasahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti…pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti…pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; pātimokkhaṃ kho panassa vitthārena svāgataṃ hoti suvibhattaṃ suppavattaṃ suvinicchitaṃ suttaso anubyañjanaso; paṭibalo hoti gilānaṃ upaṭṭhātuṃ vā upaṭṭhāpetuṃ vā; paṭibalo hoti anabhiratiṃ vūpakāsetuṃ vā vūpakāsāpetuṃ vā; paṭibalo hoti uppannaṃ kukkuccaṃ dhammato vinodetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti uppannaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ dhammato vivecetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti adhisīle…pe… adhicitte… adhipaññāya samādapetuṃ. Imehi kho, upāli, dasahi dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā nissayo dātabbo’’ti. Pañcamaṃ.
136. 沙玛内拉经
6. Sāmaṇerasuttaṃ
36「尊者，具足多少法的比丘应被沙玛内拉侍奉？」「优波离，具足十法的比丘应被沙玛内拉侍奉。哪十种？优波离，这里，比丘有戒，……受持学习于诸学处；多闻，……以见善通达；对他来说，巴帝摩卡已被详细地善学、善分别、善确立、善抉择，依经文、依字句；能够看护病者或使人看护；能够遣除不乐或使人遣除；能够如法地消除已生起的追悔；能够如法地分离已生起的邪见；能够劝导增上戒；能够劝导增上心；能够劝导增上慧。优波离，具足这十法的比丘应被沙玛内拉侍奉。」第六。
‘‘Katihi nu kho, bhante, dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo’’ti? ‘‘Dasahi kho, upāli, dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo. Katamehi dasahi? Idhupāli, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti…pe… samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu; bahussuto hoti…pe… diṭṭhiyā suppaṭividdhā; pātimokkhaṃ kho panassa vitthārena svāgataṃ hoti suvibhattaṃ suppavattaṃ suvinicchitaṃ suttaso anubyañjanaso; paṭibalo hoti gilānaṃ upaṭṭhātuṃ vā upaṭṭhāpetuṃ vā; paṭibalo hoti anabhiratiṃ vūpakāsetuṃ vā vūpakāsāpetuṃ vā; paṭibalo hoti uppannaṃ kukkuccaṃ dhammato vinodetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti uppannaṃ diṭṭhigataṃ dhammato vivecetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti adhisīle samādapetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti adhicitte samādapetuṃ; paṭibalo hoti adhipaññāya samādapetuṃ. Imehi kho, upāli, dasahi dhammehi samannāgatena bhikkhunā sāmaṇero upaṭṭhāpetabbo’’ti. Chaṭṭhaṃ.
157. 僧团破裂经
7. Saṅghabhedasuttaṃ
37「尊者，所说『僧团破裂、僧团破裂』。尊者，到什么程度僧团才是破裂的呢？」「优波离，这里，诸比丘显示非法为法，显示法为非法，显示非律为律，显示律为非律，显示如来未说、未言者为如来已说、已言者，显示如来已说、已言者为如来未说、未言者，显示如来未行者为如来已行者，显示如来已行者为如来未行者，显示如来未制定者为如来已制定者，显示如来已制定者为如来未制定者。他们依这十事而分离、别离，作别众甘马，诵说别众巴帝摩卡。优波离，到这个程度僧团才是破裂的。」第七。
‘‘‘Saṅghabhedo saṅghabhedo’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, saṅgho bhinno hotī’’ti? ‘‘Idhupāli, bhikkhū adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpenti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpenti, avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpenti, vinayaṃ avinayoti dīpenti, abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, apaññattaṃ tathāgatena paññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti , paññattaṃ tathāgatena apaññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti. Te imehi dasahi vatthūhi avakassanti apakassanti āveni kammāni karonti āveni pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Ettāvatā kho, upāli, saṅgho bhinno hotī’’ti. Sattamaṃ.
178. 僧团和合经
8. Saṅghasāmaggīsuttaṃ
38「尊者，人们说『僧团和合、僧团和合』。尊者，到什么程度僧团是和合的呢？」「于此，优波离，诸比丘阐明非法为非法，阐明法为法，阐明非律为非律，阐明律为律，阐明如来未说未言者为如来未说未言，阐明如来已说已言者为如来已说已言，阐明如来未行者为如来未行，阐明如来已行者为如来已行，阐明如来未制定者为如来未制定，阐明如来已制定者为如来已制定。他们以这十种事项不分离、不分开，不作别众甘马，不诵别众巴帝摩卡。优波离，到此程度僧团是和合的。」第八。
‘‘‘Saṅghasāmaggī saṅghasāmaggī’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, saṅgho samaggo hotī’’ti? ‘‘Idhupāli, bhikkhū adhammaṃ adhammoti dīpenti, dhammaṃ dhammoti dīpenti, avinayaṃ avinayoti dīpenti, vinayaṃ vinayoti dīpenti, abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, apaññattaṃ tathāgatena apaññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, paññattaṃ tathāgatena paññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti. Te imehi dasahi vatthūhi na avakassanti na apakassanti na āveni kammāni karonti na āveni pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Ettāvatā kho, upāli, saṅgho samaggo hotī’’ti. Aṭṭhamaṃ.
199. 第一阿难经
9. Paṭhamaānandasuttaṃ
39尔时，具寿阿难前往世尊处；抵达后，礼敬世尊，坐于一旁。坐于一旁的具寿阿难对世尊如此说：「尊者，人们说『僧团破裂、僧团破裂』。尊者，到什么程度僧团是破裂的呢？」「于此，阿难，诸比丘阐明非法为法，阐明法为非法，阐明非律为律……乃至……阐明如来已制定者为如来未制定。他们以这十种事项分离、分开，作别众甘马，诵别众巴帝摩卡。阿难，到此程度僧团是破裂的。」
Atha kho āyasmā ānando yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Ekamantaṃ nisinno kho āyasmā ānando bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘‘saṅghabhedo saṅghabhedo’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, saṅgho bhinno hotī’’ti ? ‘‘Idhānanda, bhikkhū adhammaṃ dhammoti dīpenti, dhammaṃ adhammoti dīpenti, avinayaṃ vinayoti dīpenti…pe… paññattaṃ tathāgatena apaññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti. Te imehi dasahi vatthūhi avakassanti apakassanti āveni kammāni karonti āveni pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Ettāvatā kho, ānanda, saṅgho bhinno hotī’’ti.
21「尊者，破裂和合的僧团后，他产生什么呢？」「阿难，他产生一劫住的罪。」「尊者，什么是一劫住的罪呢？」「阿难，他在地狱中煮一劫——
‘‘Samaggaṃ pana, bhante, saṅghaṃ bhinditvā kiṃ so pasavatī’’ti? ‘‘Kappaṭṭhikaṃ, ānanda, kibbisaṃ pasavatī’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ pana, bhante, kappaṭṭhikaṃ kibbisa’’nti? ‘‘Kappaṃ, ānanda, nirayamhi paccatīti –
22「堕恶趣者、地狱者，一劫住的破僧者；
‘‘Āpāyiko nerayiko, kappaṭṭho saṅghabhedako;
23乐于派别、住于非法者，从离轭安稳堕落；
Vaggarato adhammaṭṭho, yogakkhemā padhaṃsati;
24破裂和合的僧团后，在地狱中煮一劫。」第九。
Saṅghaṃ samaggaṃ bhinditvā kappaṃ nirayamhi paccatī’’ti. navamaṃ;
2510. 第二阿难经
10. Dutiyaānandasuttaṃ
40「尊者，人们说『僧团和合、僧团和合』。尊者，到什么程度僧团是和合的呢？」「于此，阿难，诸比丘阐明非法为非法，阐明法为法，阐明非律为非律，阐明律为律，阐明如来未说未言者为如来未说未言，阐明如来已说已言者为如来已说已言，阐明如来未行者为如来未行，阐明如来已行者为如来已行，阐明如来未制定者为如来未制定，阐明如来已制定者为如来已制定。他们以这十种事项不分离、不分开，不作别众甘马，不诵别众巴帝摩卡。阿难，到此程度僧团是和合的。」
‘‘‘Saṅghasāmaggī saṅghasāmaggī’ti, bhante, vuccati. Kittāvatā nu kho, bhante, saṅgho samaggo hotī’’ti? ‘‘Idhānanda, bhikkhū adhammaṃ adhammoti dīpenti, dhammaṃ dhammoti dīpenti, avinayaṃ avinayoti dīpenti , vinayaṃ vinayoti dīpenti, abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatena abhāsitaṃ alapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatena bhāsitaṃ lapitaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena anāciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatena āciṇṇaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, apaññattaṃ tathāgatena apaññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti, paññattaṃ tathāgatena paññattaṃ tathāgatenāti dīpenti. Te imehi dasahi vatthūhi na avakassanti na apakassanti na āveni kammāni karonti na āveni pātimokkhaṃ uddisanti. Ettāvatā kho, ānanda, saṅgho samaggo hotī’’ti.
27「尊者，使破裂的僧团和合后，他产生什么呢？」「阿难，他产生梵的福德。」「尊者，什么是梵的福德呢？」「阿难，他在天界中欢喜一劫——
‘‘Bhinnaṃ pana, bhante, saṅghaṃ samaggaṃ katvā kiṃ so pasavatī’’ti? ‘‘Brahmaṃ, ānanda, puññaṃ pasavatī’’ti. ‘‘Kiṃ pana, bhante, brahmaṃ puñña’’nti? ‘‘Kappaṃ, ānanda, saggamhi modatīti –
28「僧团的和合是安乐的，和合者们的互相支持，」
‘‘Sukhā saṅghassa sāmaggī, samaggānañca anuggaho;
29「乐于和合、住于法，不会失坏离轭安稳；」
Samaggarato dhammaṭṭho, yogakkhemā na dhaṃsati;
30「使僧团和合之后，在天界欢喜一劫。」第十经。
Saṅghaṃ samaggaṃ katvāna, kappaṃ saggamhi modatī’’ti. dasamaṃ;
31优波离品第四
Upālivaggo catuttho.
32其摄颂——
Tassuddānaṃ –
33优波离、设立、举罪，近圆、依止；
Upāli ṭhapanā ubbāho, upasampadanissayā;
34沙玛内拉及二种破僧，以阿难等为其余二经。
Sāmaṇero ca dve bhedā, ānandehi pare duveti.